Data Matrix(DM)codes have been widely used in industrial production.The reading of DM code usually includes positioning and decoding.Accurate positioning is a prerequisite for successful decoding.Traditional image pro...Data Matrix(DM)codes have been widely used in industrial production.The reading of DM code usually includes positioning and decoding.Accurate positioning is a prerequisite for successful decoding.Traditional image processing methods have poor adaptability to pollution and complex backgrounds.Although deep learning-based methods can automatically extract features,the bounding boxes cannot entirely fit the contour of the code.Further image processing methods are required for precise positioning,which will reduce efficiency.Because of the above problems,a CenterNet-based DM code key point detection network is proposed,which can directly obtain the four key points of the DM code.Compared with the existing methods,the degree of fitness is higher,which is conducive to direct decoding.To further improve the positioning accuracy,an enhanced loss function is designed,including DM code key point heatmap loss,standard DM code projection loss,and polygon Intersection-over-Union(IoU)loss,which is beneficial for the network to learn the spatial geometric characteristics of DM code.The experiment is carried out on the self-made DM code key point detection dataset,including pollution,complex background,small objects,etc.,which uses the Average Precision(AP)of the common object detection metric as the evaluation metric.AP reaches 95.80%,and Frames Per Second(FPS)gets 88.12 on the test set of the proposed dataset,which can achieve real-time performance in practical applications.展开更多
We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it ...We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it should be possible to measure arbitrarily small intervals of space and time, but we ignore if that is true or not. It is thus more realistic to consider an extremely small “quantum of length” of yet unknown value <em>a</em>. It is only required to be a universal constant for all inertial frames, like<em> c</em> and <em>h</em>. This yields a logically consistent theory and accounts for elementary particles by means of four new quantum numbers. They define “particle states” in terms of modulations of wave functions at the smallest possible scale in space-time. The resulting classification of elementary particles accounts also for dark matter. Antiparticles are redefined, without needing negative energy states and recently observed “anomalies” can be explained.展开更多
基金funded by the Youth Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002031)the General Project of Shaanxi Province Science and Technology Development Planned Project(2023-JC-YB-600)+1 种基金Postgraduate Education and Teaching Research University-Level Project of Central University Project(300103131033)the Transportation Research Project of Shaanxi Transport Department(23-108 K).
文摘Data Matrix(DM)codes have been widely used in industrial production.The reading of DM code usually includes positioning and decoding.Accurate positioning is a prerequisite for successful decoding.Traditional image processing methods have poor adaptability to pollution and complex backgrounds.Although deep learning-based methods can automatically extract features,the bounding boxes cannot entirely fit the contour of the code.Further image processing methods are required for precise positioning,which will reduce efficiency.Because of the above problems,a CenterNet-based DM code key point detection network is proposed,which can directly obtain the four key points of the DM code.Compared with the existing methods,the degree of fitness is higher,which is conducive to direct decoding.To further improve the positioning accuracy,an enhanced loss function is designed,including DM code key point heatmap loss,standard DM code projection loss,and polygon Intersection-over-Union(IoU)loss,which is beneficial for the network to learn the spatial geometric characteristics of DM code.The experiment is carried out on the self-made DM code key point detection dataset,including pollution,complex background,small objects,etc.,which uses the Average Precision(AP)of the common object detection metric as the evaluation metric.AP reaches 95.80%,and Frames Per Second(FPS)gets 88.12 on the test set of the proposed dataset,which can achieve real-time performance in practical applications.
文摘We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it should be possible to measure arbitrarily small intervals of space and time, but we ignore if that is true or not. It is thus more realistic to consider an extremely small “quantum of length” of yet unknown value <em>a</em>. It is only required to be a universal constant for all inertial frames, like<em> c</em> and <em>h</em>. This yields a logically consistent theory and accounts for elementary particles by means of four new quantum numbers. They define “particle states” in terms of modulations of wave functions at the smallest possible scale in space-time. The resulting classification of elementary particles accounts also for dark matter. Antiparticles are redefined, without needing negative energy states and recently observed “anomalies” can be explained.
