Football is a popular sport all over the world,and it also has a large number of fans in China.However,in many international competitions,the Chinese team often fails to achieve the expected results.This situation mak...Football is a popular sport all over the world,and it also has a large number of fans in China.However,in many international competitions,the Chinese team often fails to achieve the expected results.This situation makes its fans very disappointed.But we should also see that the Chinese football community is making efforts to improve the situation.展开更多
Critical systems are typically complex systems that are required to perform reliably over a wide range of scenarios, or multistate world. Seldom does a single system exist that performs best for all plausible scenario...Critical systems are typically complex systems that are required to perform reliably over a wide range of scenarios, or multistate world. Seldom does a single system exist that performs best for all plausible scenarios. A robust solution, one that performs relatively well over a wide range of scenarios, is often the preferred choice for reduced risk at an acceptable cost. The alternative with the maximum expected utility may possess vulnerabilities that could be exploited. The best strategy is likely to be a hybrid solution. The von Neumann-Morgenstern Expected Utility Theory (EUT) would never select such a solution because, given its linear functional form, the expected utility of a hybrid solution cannot be greater than that of every constituent alternative. The continuity axiom and the independence axiom are assessed to be unrealistic for the problem of interest. Several well-known decision models are analyzed and demonstrated to be potentially misleading. The linear disappointment model modifies EUT by adding a term proportional to downside risk;however, it does not provide a mathematical basis for determining preferred hybrid solutions. The paper proposes a portfolio allocation model with stochastic optimization as a flexible and transparent method for defining choice problems and determining hybrid solutions for critical systems with desirable properties such as diversification and robustness.展开更多
Food for Thought:PKU Postgrad Stirs Pot with School Cafeteria Career,Netizen Comments:·A PKU grad working in a cafeteria?This surprising choice challenges the elitist assumption that top diplomas must lead to hig...Food for Thought:PKU Postgrad Stirs Pot with School Cafeteria Career,Netizen Comments:·A PKU grad working in a cafeteria?This surprising choice challenges the elitist assumption that top diplomas must lead to high-paying jobs.Highly educated people should be free to choose simpler work.We should respect their choice as long as it is made oftheir own will and in their own interests.·If I were her parents,Td be disappointed.After investing two decades oftime,money and effort into raising a PKU postgrad,she ends up ladling food in a cafeteria?What was the point of going to a top university?展开更多
文摘Football is a popular sport all over the world,and it also has a large number of fans in China.However,in many international competitions,the Chinese team often fails to achieve the expected results.This situation makes its fans very disappointed.But we should also see that the Chinese football community is making efforts to improve the situation.
文摘Critical systems are typically complex systems that are required to perform reliably over a wide range of scenarios, or multistate world. Seldom does a single system exist that performs best for all plausible scenarios. A robust solution, one that performs relatively well over a wide range of scenarios, is often the preferred choice for reduced risk at an acceptable cost. The alternative with the maximum expected utility may possess vulnerabilities that could be exploited. The best strategy is likely to be a hybrid solution. The von Neumann-Morgenstern Expected Utility Theory (EUT) would never select such a solution because, given its linear functional form, the expected utility of a hybrid solution cannot be greater than that of every constituent alternative. The continuity axiom and the independence axiom are assessed to be unrealistic for the problem of interest. Several well-known decision models are analyzed and demonstrated to be potentially misleading. The linear disappointment model modifies EUT by adding a term proportional to downside risk;however, it does not provide a mathematical basis for determining preferred hybrid solutions. The paper proposes a portfolio allocation model with stochastic optimization as a flexible and transparent method for defining choice problems and determining hybrid solutions for critical systems with desirable properties such as diversification and robustness.
文摘Food for Thought:PKU Postgrad Stirs Pot with School Cafeteria Career,Netizen Comments:·A PKU grad working in a cafeteria?This surprising choice challenges the elitist assumption that top diplomas must lead to high-paying jobs.Highly educated people should be free to choose simpler work.We should respect their choice as long as it is made oftheir own will and in their own interests.·If I were her parents,Td be disappointed.After investing two decades oftime,money and effort into raising a PKU postgrad,she ends up ladling food in a cafeteria?What was the point of going to a top university?
