Summit diplomacy is an important practical form of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era and is becoming an increasingly important platform through which China can enhance its internation...Summit diplomacy is an important practical form of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era and is becoming an increasingly important platform through which China can enhance its international discourse power and practice genuine multilateralism.In this new era,China's summit diplomacy is committed to the Chinese concept of building a community with a shared future for humanity,promoting the in-depth and solid implementation of Chinese solutions,and focusing on the Global Development Initiative,the Global Security Initiative,the Global Civilization Initiative,and the Global Governance Initiative.It is also committed to fostering political mutual trust among major countries and safeguarding peace and stability in the international system.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy,China has participated in and initiated multilateral summit mechanisms,strengthened cross-regional cooperation,and promoted the representation and discourse power of developing countries in global governance.This has led to important contributions being made to the development of a more inclusive and equitable multilateral framework for international cooperation.At present,China's summit diplomacy is facing new opportunities and challenges.More rational and systematic strategic trade-offs and arrangements are needed between institutional expansion and operational efficiency,consensus achievement and outcome implementation,and diplomatic practice and national development goals.展开更多
Since 1960,there have been more than thirty UN peacekeeping missions across Africa,the most of any region in the context of the conflicts that have plagued the region for decades.It has become increasingly evident tha...Since 1960,there have been more than thirty UN peacekeeping missions across Africa,the most of any region in the context of the conflicts that have plagued the region for decades.It has become increasingly evident that official diplomacy is not enough to resolve these crises.Experience shows that given the people’s reliance on religion,religion has continued to act as a force of conflict prevention and resolution in the region.The role played by faith-based diplomats has gained the trust of the conflict parties such that it would be unwise for national and international actors to neglect their role in policy making and conflict prevention and resolution.展开更多
From April 8 to 9,2025,the Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries was held in Beijing.General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee Xi Jinping systematically summarized t...From April 8 to 9,2025,the Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries was held in Beijing.General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee Xi Jinping systematically summarized the achievements and experience of China’s neighborhood work in the new era,scientifically analyzed the situation,clarified the goals,tasks,ideas and measures for neighborhood work in the coming period,and emphasized the need to focus on building a community with a shared future with neighboring countries,striving to break new ground in neighborhood work.Facing the ever-changing international landscape,especially the surrounding environment,China needs to carry out integrated diplomacy,reshape the neighborhood environment,translate the concepts and policies of the CPC neighborhood diplomacy into diplomatic practices and achieve greater results.展开更多
Neighborhood diplomacy will be pursued as necessary conditions to achieve the“Two Centenary Goals”and realize the Chinese Dream of the national rejuvenation.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of...Neighborhood diplomacy will be pursued as necessary conditions to achieve the“Two Centenary Goals”and realize the Chinese Dream of the national rejuvenation.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),China’s neighborhood diplomacy has adhered to theoretical innovation and put forward many original and contemporary concepts,reflecting the characteristics of the Marxist theories on international relations and enriching the substance of the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.展开更多
Calvin Wee first set foot in China at the age of 14—not for a diplomatic forum or a youth initiative,but on a week-long school trip to Guangzhou.Yet even then,the experience left a lasting impression.“We visited a l...Calvin Wee first set foot in China at the age of 14—not for a diplomatic forum or a youth initiative,but on a week-long school trip to Guangzhou.Yet even then,the experience left a lasting impression.“We visited a local school and sat in on several classes,”he recalled.“The math lessons stood out—the students’intensity and focus were striking.In Singapore,we study hard,but this was on another level.”That early glimpse into China’s education system stayed with him,and years later,it resurfaced as he began to engage more deeply with the Chinese language and culture.A pocket-sized wuxia xiaoshuo(martial arts novel),picked up on a whim in a Guangzhou bookstore,opened the door to martial arts fiction—and sparked a lasting interest in Chinese literature and,eventually,China Studies.展开更多
The international situation remained tense and turbulent in 2024,with the constantly unfolding spillover of crises,escalating conflicts and widening rifts,especially with the hard-to-ease Ukraine crisis and the humani...The international situation remained tense and turbulent in 2024,with the constantly unfolding spillover of crises,escalating conflicts and widening rifts,especially with the hard-to-ease Ukraine crisis and the humanitarian crisis worsened by the turmoil in the Middle East.展开更多
The neighborhood is where China survives and thrives as well as the foundation of its development and prosperity.Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed during the Central Conference on Work Relating to Neighborhood Dip...The neighborhood is where China survives and thrives as well as the foundation of its development and prosperity.Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed during the Central Conference on Work Relating to Neighborhood Diplomacy convened in October 2013 that“China’s neighborhood is of critical strategic significance in terms of geographical location,natural environment as well as mutual relations.”展开更多
The year 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam.It represents a crucial opportunity for the two parties and two countries to consolidate bilateral relati...The year 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam.It represents a crucial opportunity for the two parties and two countries to consolidate bilateral relations and jointly forge ahead into the future.展开更多
As the world gathers in Belém,Brazil,for the 30th UN Climate Change Conference,COP30,global attention is once again turning to China.For years,China was primarily discussed as the world’s largest carbon emitter....As the world gathers in Belém,Brazil,for the 30th UN Climate Change Conference,COP30,global attention is once again turning to China.For years,China was primarily discussed as the world’s largest carbon emitter.Today,that picture is more complex.China is also the largest builder of renewable energy infrastructure,a key driver in lowering global clean-tech costs,and a major contributor to international climate cooperation.展开更多
With socialism with Chinese characteristics entering into a new era,the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is now on an irreversible course.China has come ever closer to the center stage of the world.Grasping th...With socialism with Chinese characteristics entering into a new era,the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is now on an irreversible course.China has come ever closer to the center stage of the world.Grasping the international landscape,the pulse of the times,the trends of the world,and with the progress of human development in mind,General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward a series of original diplomatic concepts and major initiatives,creating the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.展开更多
Science diplomacy is attracting increasing attention in the international relations literature.This study investigates how Chinese scientists understand this term and explores China’s dynamic praxis in Arctic climate...Science diplomacy is attracting increasing attention in the international relations literature.This study investigates how Chinese scientists understand this term and explores China’s dynamic praxis in Arctic climate governance.It conducts a theoretical and practical examination of science diplomacy in terms of three dimensions—science in diplomacy,diplomacy for science,and science for diplomacy—thus achieving a high degree of consistency.A multi-method approach,combining qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and involving the adoption of a literature review,participant interviews,and questionnaires,is adopted.Data were collected from interviews with 16 Chinese scientists involved in Arctic climate governance and from 130 valid questionnaires collected from Chinese natural scientists working in the climate change field.Drawing on qualitative and quantitative findings,the study reveals that the three-dimensional framework of science diplomacy can provide insight into Chinese scientists’understandings of the topic.In contrast to the participants’vague theoretical responses,the outlines of China’s Arctic climate governance can be clearly identified within this framework.The study concludes by underlining the tension between theory and practice in terms of science diplomacy and highlighting the emerging challenges for China in developing its Arctic science diplomacy against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict.Moreover,it is suggested that,to further develop China’s Arctic science diplomacy,it is vital to take account of the deficiencies in China’s science diplomacy.The study’s empirical results contribute to an understanding of the dynamic nature of science diplomacy in the Chinese context.展开更多
Since the end of the Cold War,China has gradually formulated a global and multi-dimensional partnership network.China’s partnership diplomacy in the Middle East is a crucial component of said network,including partne...Since the end of the Cold War,China has gradually formulated a global and multi-dimensional partnership network.China’s partnership diplomacy in the Middle East is a crucial component of said network,including partners in the Persian Gulf,the Eastern Mediterranean Sea,the Red Sea and the Maghreb region.Based on their level of importance to China,these countries can be roughly divided into four categories,namely"pivot states,""node states,""key states"and"stronghold states,"which constitute the portfolio of China’s partnership diplomacy in the region.In prospect,China’s partnership diplomacy will be evolving from bilateral cooperation to multilateral consultation,from partnership with sovereign states to that with international organizations,and from state-based partnership to issue-oriented partnership.展开更多
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)held in November 2012,General Secretary Xi Jinping has used his profound understanding of the general development trends of China and the world in t...Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)held in November 2012,General Secretary Xi Jinping has used his profound understanding of the general development trends of China and the world in the new era to creatively put forward a series of new ideas,concepts,and strategies for China’s diplomacy and make some theoretical and practical innovations in China’s diplomacy,all of which have shaped his thought on diplomacy.His thought on diplomacy has positively responded to the new historical juncture in China’s development,unforeseen and drastic global changes in a century,and historical changes in China’s relations with the world.Further,it has elaborated on strategic objectives,basic principles,major approaches,and fundamental guarantees for China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for the new era,which highlights advocating lasting peace,boosting sustainable development,promoting equal cooperation,and achieving reciprocal and win-win results as its distinct attributes.Xi Jinping Thought on diplomacy and on socialism are an important part of his thought with Chinese characteristics for the new era,which has helped the Party deepen its understanding of the rules of the new type of major-country diplomacy,draw up a grand blueprint for major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for the new era,and provide fundamental guidance for China’s diplomacy in a new era to achieve innovative development.展开更多
Savoring food is capable of triggering tangible and vivid emotional interactions that transcend language and geographical boundaries.Culinary diplomacy represents one of the most enthusiastic instruments of cultural d...Savoring food is capable of triggering tangible and vivid emotional interactions that transcend language and geographical boundaries.Culinary diplomacy represents one of the most enthusiastic instruments of cultural diplomacy.Culinary diplomacy,gastrodiplomacy under certain contexts,is outlined as using food and national cuisine to create multicultural connections,with the aim of improving communication and long-term cultural understanding.Research on Egyptian youth’s acculturation with respect to food attitudes,habits,and environment is very limited.Hence,this study examines the role of culinary diplomacy as a public diplomacy instrument aiming to enhance foreign publics’perceptions.This study analyzes the usage of culinary diplomacy as a means to develop an edible nation-brand,reflected in foreign publics’behavior,perceptions,and consumption patterns.A quantitative survey has been distributed among Egyptians to assess and evaluate their perception,attitude,and behavior towards the use of food as a public diplomacy tool and its tagged symbolic connotations,ideas,values,identities,and behavior.展开更多
International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 In October 1998, the Clinton Administration produced the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (IRFA). It is one of the important laws passed by the US Congress in rec...International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 In October 1998, the Clinton Administration produced the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (IRFA). It is one of the important laws passed by the US Congress in recent years. The act is very complicated. The main sections can be summarized as follows: (1) Appointment of an Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom to head an Office on International Religious Freedom within the Department of State;展开更多
In today's world facing changes unseen in a century,climate change is not only one of the-most prominent global challenges but also one of the core issues of global governance,looming large in world diplomacy.As g...In today's world facing changes unseen in a century,climate change is not only one of the-most prominent global challenges but also one of the core issues of global governance,looming large in world diplomacy.As globalization continues to be strained.展开更多
President Xi Jinping declared in his report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.This is a new historical context set for China’s development and ...President Xi Jinping declared in his report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.This is a new historical context set for China’s development and for its distinctive major-country diplomacy.展开更多
In 2020 with a pandemic sweeping the world,global political and economic orders seriously disrupted and tens of millions of human lives threatened,the spread of the novel coronavirus is the world's number one chal...In 2020 with a pandemic sweeping the world,global political and economic orders seriously disrupted and tens of millions of human lives threatened,the spread of the novel coronavirus is the world's number one challenge.China has efficiently organized domestic epidemic control and vigorously promoted international cooperation in the battle against the pandemic by advancing head-of-state diplomacy.In this ongoing crisis,China has actively led the way for global public health governance,promoted the building of a community with common health for mankind,and demonstrated the actions of a responsible major country.展开更多
As the evolution of public diplomacy,digital diplomacy uses Internet and new communication technologies to help achieve diplomatic goals.As early as 2006,the United States began to actively develop cyber diplomacy in ...As the evolution of public diplomacy,digital diplomacy uses Internet and new communication technologies to help achieve diplomatic goals.As early as 2006,the United States began to actively develop cyber diplomacy in order to maintain and develop the broad interests of the United States in cyberspace.However,in recent years,the US digital diplomacy has encountered internal and external communication barriers,especially after the 2008 financial crisis,the US government no longer has the strength to support its diplomatic actions.At the same time,a small number of large technology companies are beginning to compete for geopolitical influence using their own financial and technological advantages as well,including Tesla President Musk,whose expansion in Starlink technology in the Ukraine crisis is an act of bringing his own funds technology to participate in U.S.digital diplomacy.展开更多
文摘Summit diplomacy is an important practical form of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in the new era and is becoming an increasingly important platform through which China can enhance its international discourse power and practice genuine multilateralism.In this new era,China's summit diplomacy is committed to the Chinese concept of building a community with a shared future for humanity,promoting the in-depth and solid implementation of Chinese solutions,and focusing on the Global Development Initiative,the Global Security Initiative,the Global Civilization Initiative,and the Global Governance Initiative.It is also committed to fostering political mutual trust among major countries and safeguarding peace and stability in the international system.Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy,China has participated in and initiated multilateral summit mechanisms,strengthened cross-regional cooperation,and promoted the representation and discourse power of developing countries in global governance.This has led to important contributions being made to the development of a more inclusive and equitable multilateral framework for international cooperation.At present,China's summit diplomacy is facing new opportunities and challenges.More rational and systematic strategic trade-offs and arrangements are needed between institutional expansion and operational efficiency,consensus achievement and outcome implementation,and diplomatic practice and national development goals.
文摘Since 1960,there have been more than thirty UN peacekeeping missions across Africa,the most of any region in the context of the conflicts that have plagued the region for decades.It has become increasingly evident that official diplomacy is not enough to resolve these crises.Experience shows that given the people’s reliance on religion,religion has continued to act as a force of conflict prevention and resolution in the region.The role played by faith-based diplomats has gained the trust of the conflict parties such that it would be unwise for national and international actors to neglect their role in policy making and conflict prevention and resolution.
文摘From April 8 to 9,2025,the Central Conference on Work Related to Neighboring Countries was held in Beijing.General Secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee Xi Jinping systematically summarized the achievements and experience of China’s neighborhood work in the new era,scientifically analyzed the situation,clarified the goals,tasks,ideas and measures for neighborhood work in the coming period,and emphasized the need to focus on building a community with a shared future with neighboring countries,striving to break new ground in neighborhood work.Facing the ever-changing international landscape,especially the surrounding environment,China needs to carry out integrated diplomacy,reshape the neighborhood environment,translate the concepts and policies of the CPC neighborhood diplomacy into diplomatic practices and achieve greater results.
文摘Neighborhood diplomacy will be pursued as necessary conditions to achieve the“Two Centenary Goals”and realize the Chinese Dream of the national rejuvenation.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC),China’s neighborhood diplomacy has adhered to theoretical innovation and put forward many original and contemporary concepts,reflecting the characteristics of the Marxist theories on international relations and enriching the substance of the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.
文摘Calvin Wee first set foot in China at the age of 14—not for a diplomatic forum or a youth initiative,but on a week-long school trip to Guangzhou.Yet even then,the experience left a lasting impression.“We visited a local school and sat in on several classes,”he recalled.“The math lessons stood out—the students’intensity and focus were striking.In Singapore,we study hard,but this was on another level.”That early glimpse into China’s education system stayed with him,and years later,it resurfaced as he began to engage more deeply with the Chinese language and culture.A pocket-sized wuxia xiaoshuo(martial arts novel),picked up on a whim in a Guangzhou bookstore,opened the door to martial arts fiction—and sparked a lasting interest in Chinese literature and,eventually,China Studies.
文摘The international situation remained tense and turbulent in 2024,with the constantly unfolding spillover of crises,escalating conflicts and widening rifts,especially with the hard-to-ease Ukraine crisis and the humanitarian crisis worsened by the turmoil in the Middle East.
文摘The neighborhood is where China survives and thrives as well as the foundation of its development and prosperity.Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed during the Central Conference on Work Relating to Neighborhood Diplomacy convened in October 2013 that“China’s neighborhood is of critical strategic significance in terms of geographical location,natural environment as well as mutual relations.”
文摘The year 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam.It represents a crucial opportunity for the two parties and two countries to consolidate bilateral relations and jointly forge ahead into the future.
文摘As the world gathers in Belém,Brazil,for the 30th UN Climate Change Conference,COP30,global attention is once again turning to China.For years,China was primarily discussed as the world’s largest carbon emitter.Today,that picture is more complex.China is also the largest builder of renewable energy infrastructure,a key driver in lowering global clean-tech costs,and a major contributor to international climate cooperation.
文摘With socialism with Chinese characteristics entering into a new era,the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is now on an irreversible course.China has come ever closer to the center stage of the world.Grasping the international landscape,the pulse of the times,the trends of the world,and with the progress of human development in mind,General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward a series of original diplomatic concepts and major initiatives,creating the Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy.
基金supported by the National Office for Philosophy and Social Sciences as part of the project titled“Strategic Competition and Cooperation in the Arctic among China,Russia,and the United States from the Perspective of Sustainable Development”(Grant no.20BGJ045)。
文摘Science diplomacy is attracting increasing attention in the international relations literature.This study investigates how Chinese scientists understand this term and explores China’s dynamic praxis in Arctic climate governance.It conducts a theoretical and practical examination of science diplomacy in terms of three dimensions—science in diplomacy,diplomacy for science,and science for diplomacy—thus achieving a high degree of consistency.A multi-method approach,combining qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and involving the adoption of a literature review,participant interviews,and questionnaires,is adopted.Data were collected from interviews with 16 Chinese scientists involved in Arctic climate governance and from 130 valid questionnaires collected from Chinese natural scientists working in the climate change field.Drawing on qualitative and quantitative findings,the study reveals that the three-dimensional framework of science diplomacy can provide insight into Chinese scientists’understandings of the topic.In contrast to the participants’vague theoretical responses,the outlines of China’s Arctic climate governance can be clearly identified within this framework.The study concludes by underlining the tension between theory and practice in terms of science diplomacy and highlighting the emerging challenges for China in developing its Arctic science diplomacy against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict.Moreover,it is suggested that,to further develop China’s Arctic science diplomacy,it is vital to take account of the deficiencies in China’s science diplomacy.The study’s empirical results contribute to an understanding of the dynamic nature of science diplomacy in the Chinese context.
文摘Since the end of the Cold War,China has gradually formulated a global and multi-dimensional partnership network.China’s partnership diplomacy in the Middle East is a crucial component of said network,including partners in the Persian Gulf,the Eastern Mediterranean Sea,the Red Sea and the Maghreb region.Based on their level of importance to China,these countries can be roughly divided into four categories,namely"pivot states,""node states,""key states"and"stronghold states,"which constitute the portfolio of China’s partnership diplomacy in the region.In prospect,China’s partnership diplomacy will be evolving from bilateral cooperation to multilateral consultation,from partnership with sovereign states to that with international organizations,and from state-based partnership to issue-oriented partnership.
基金the phased finding of major research projects“Study on Xi Jinping’s Thought on a Human Community with a Shared Future”(Project No.:16ZZD031)“Study on Global Governance Featuring Extensive Consultation,Joint Construction and Shared Benefits”(Project No.:18VZL017)funded by National Social Science Foundation of China。
文摘Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China(CPC)held in November 2012,General Secretary Xi Jinping has used his profound understanding of the general development trends of China and the world in the new era to creatively put forward a series of new ideas,concepts,and strategies for China’s diplomacy and make some theoretical and practical innovations in China’s diplomacy,all of which have shaped his thought on diplomacy.His thought on diplomacy has positively responded to the new historical juncture in China’s development,unforeseen and drastic global changes in a century,and historical changes in China’s relations with the world.Further,it has elaborated on strategic objectives,basic principles,major approaches,and fundamental guarantees for China’s major-country diplomacy with its own characteristics for the new era,which highlights advocating lasting peace,boosting sustainable development,promoting equal cooperation,and achieving reciprocal and win-win results as its distinct attributes.Xi Jinping Thought on diplomacy and on socialism are an important part of his thought with Chinese characteristics for the new era,which has helped the Party deepen its understanding of the rules of the new type of major-country diplomacy,draw up a grand blueprint for major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics for the new era,and provide fundamental guidance for China’s diplomacy in a new era to achieve innovative development.
文摘Savoring food is capable of triggering tangible and vivid emotional interactions that transcend language and geographical boundaries.Culinary diplomacy represents one of the most enthusiastic instruments of cultural diplomacy.Culinary diplomacy,gastrodiplomacy under certain contexts,is outlined as using food and national cuisine to create multicultural connections,with the aim of improving communication and long-term cultural understanding.Research on Egyptian youth’s acculturation with respect to food attitudes,habits,and environment is very limited.Hence,this study examines the role of culinary diplomacy as a public diplomacy instrument aiming to enhance foreign publics’perceptions.This study analyzes the usage of culinary diplomacy as a means to develop an edible nation-brand,reflected in foreign publics’behavior,perceptions,and consumption patterns.A quantitative survey has been distributed among Egyptians to assess and evaluate their perception,attitude,and behavior towards the use of food as a public diplomacy tool and its tagged symbolic connotations,ideas,values,identities,and behavior.
文摘International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 In October 1998, the Clinton Administration produced the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (IRFA). It is one of the important laws passed by the US Congress in recent years. The act is very complicated. The main sections can be summarized as follows: (1) Appointment of an Ambassador at Large for International Religious Freedom to head an Office on International Religious Freedom within the Department of State;
文摘In today's world facing changes unseen in a century,climate change is not only one of the-most prominent global challenges but also one of the core issues of global governance,looming large in world diplomacy.As globalization continues to be strained.
文摘President Xi Jinping declared in his report to the 19th National Congress of the CPC that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era.This is a new historical context set for China’s development and for its distinctive major-country diplomacy.
文摘In 2020 with a pandemic sweeping the world,global political and economic orders seriously disrupted and tens of millions of human lives threatened,the spread of the novel coronavirus is the world's number one challenge.China has efficiently organized domestic epidemic control and vigorously promoted international cooperation in the battle against the pandemic by advancing head-of-state diplomacy.In this ongoing crisis,China has actively led the way for global public health governance,promoted the building of a community with common health for mankind,and demonstrated the actions of a responsible major country.
基金National Social Science Fund Project:Research on the Construction of Institutional Discourse Right in Global Governance-An Empirical Study Based on Sino-Russian Media Communication,No.16AZD05.
文摘As the evolution of public diplomacy,digital diplomacy uses Internet and new communication technologies to help achieve diplomatic goals.As early as 2006,the United States began to actively develop cyber diplomacy in order to maintain and develop the broad interests of the United States in cyberspace.However,in recent years,the US digital diplomacy has encountered internal and external communication barriers,especially after the 2008 financial crisis,the US government no longer has the strength to support its diplomatic actions.At the same time,a small number of large technology companies are beginning to compete for geopolitical influence using their own financial and technological advantages as well,including Tesla President Musk,whose expansion in Starlink technology in the Ukraine crisis is an act of bringing his own funds technology to participate in U.S.digital diplomacy.
