Human dignity is widely regarded as the foundation of modern human rights concepts and norms.The doctrine of human dignity in Chinese culture enjoys a long and profound history,and the pre-Qin assertion that“humans a...Human dignity is widely regarded as the foundation of modern human rights concepts and norms.The doctrine of human dignity in Chinese culture enjoys a long and profound history,and the pre-Qin assertion that“humans are the most precious”is the most representative expression of human dignity.Ancient Chinese scholars’elaboration on dignity was ethically oriented;they affirmed that humans have the freedom to make moral choices in spirit and required them to assume moral responsibilities towards others and society.Since modern times,with the changes of the times and the introduction of Western liberalism,the traditional view of moral dignity has seen a significant expansion of its scope,incorporating freedom in economic,political,and social life into the category of human dignity and establishing a closer connection with human rights.In contemporary China,under the guidance of Marxism,the view of dignity regards the free,comprehensive,and common development of human beings as the intrinsic requirement and external manifestation of human dignity,takes the rights to subsistence and development as the primary and fundamental human rights,and comprehensively safeguards the dignity of every individual through the coordinated protection of economic,political,social,and cultural rights.展开更多
The theory of human dignity identifies certain inherent human characteristics,elevating humanity as the pinnacle of creation and valuing individuals as carriers of these traits.Under this framework,individuals are cal...The theory of human dignity identifies certain inherent human characteristics,elevating humanity as the pinnacle of creation and valuing individuals as carriers of these traits.Under this framework,individuals are called to actively embody their human essence and participate in political life to serve the community.Overall,this interpretive paradigm of dignity establishes a distinct concept of autonomy and provides methods for its realization,fostering the secularization of politics by emphasizing human value.The doctrine of individual dignity presupposes the intrinsic worth of individuals and defends their autonomy and equal status through the imposition of legal obligations on the state.However,limited by its essentialist and communitarian orientation,the scope of autonomy and equality it provides to individuals remains constrained.By transcending ontology with a value-based approach,the concept of individual dignity creates a unique,open structure that incorporates and reflects on global human rights practices.This adaptability enables it to integrate abstract societies,advance the global human rights agenda,and critique and refine political realities.Consequently,the concept of individual dignity cannot be supplanted by the human dignity theory.展开更多
The legal protection of human dignity can be explored from the perspective of regulating“hate speech.”The practices of most countries worldwide demonstrate that human dignity serves as a fundamental value limiting t...The legal protection of human dignity can be explored from the perspective of regulating“hate speech.”The practices of most countries worldwide demonstrate that human dignity serves as a fundamental value limiting the freedom of expression.Legally protected human dignity encompasses three levels of meaning:the dignity of life as an inherent aspect of human existence,the dignity of individuals as members of specific groups,and the personal dignity of individuals as unique beings.These three levels collectively emphasize the principle that human beings are ends in themselves,underscoring that individuals must not be degraded to mere means or subjected to harm.The inherent nature of human dignity necessitates its protection by both the state and societal entities.Traditionally,the safeguarding of human dignity has primarily depended on state intervention.However,with the advent of the digital age,this responsibility has increasingly extended to social entities,imposing changes of enhanced and expanded obligations of respect.Consequently,the key to protecting human dignity lies in adjusting the allocation of responsibilities between the state and society in accordance with the development of the times.Under the guidance of human dignity as a constitutional value,China should focus on establishing a comprehensive protection system by improving legislation,law enforcement,and judicial practices.This includes specifying the obligations of social entities and constructing multi-level regulatory mechanisms to form an effective system of protection by the state and society.展开更多
Human dignity is a core concept in contemporary moral philosophy,political science,and jurisprudence.The“social status theory”proposed by Jeremy Waldron argues that human dignity is a social construct,focusing on th...Human dignity is a core concept in contemporary moral philosophy,political science,and jurisprudence.The“social status theory”proposed by Jeremy Waldron argues that human dignity is a social construct,focusing on the fundamental equal social status of individuals.It addresses behaviors of humiliation or devaluation by others,emphasizing both the negative prohibition of such harms and the positive promotion of protections against them.Unlike traditional theories of dignity that often rely on abstract or metaphysical justifications,the social status theory adopts a bottom-up approach grounded in the social practices of dignity.This perspective avoids entanglement in endless value debates over the concept and provides new rationale for affirming human dignity.Furthermore,it refines the understanding of human dignity by identifying three specific types of social harm to dignity and corresponding protective measures.The social status theory significantly mitigates cultural skepticism regarding the concept of human dignity,offering a relatively objective and practicable framework for defining dignity norms.Practically,the theory aligns well with the application of human dignity in both public and private law domains and effectively explains the concept as utilized in international human rights conventions and practices.While there is room for further refinement,the social status theory currently stands out as the most advantageous and robust framework for understanding and promoting human dignity.展开更多
The Remains of the Day is one of Kazuo Ishiguro’s renowned novels.The protagonist Stevens is an English butler whose life is deeply entwined with the concepts of dignity and honor.Set against the backdrop of post-Wor...The Remains of the Day is one of Kazuo Ishiguro’s renowned novels.The protagonist Stevens is an English butler whose life is deeply entwined with the concepts of dignity and honor.Set against the backdrop of post-World War II Britain and reflecting on the interwar period,the novel examines Stevens’devotion to his role and the traditional values of English aristocracy.The essay discusses how Stevens’identity is shaped by his unwavering commitment to professionalism and his admiration for British gentleman culture and highlights the identity crisis Stevens faces as he realizes the flawed nature of his employer and the outdated ideals he upheld.Through Stevens’journey of self-reassessment and eventual epiphany,the essay delves into the complexities of his internal struggle to reconstruct his identity,ultimately advocating for a more authentic understanding of dignity and honor.展开更多
This essay aims to discuss and analyse Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester's attitude towards love and marriage. Struggling for theequality of human dignity crosses through their love from beginning to end. Therefore, we ...This essay aims to discuss and analyse Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester's attitude towards love and marriage. Struggling for theequality of human dignity crosses through their love from beginning to end. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion--True love and happymarriage are based upon the equality of human dignity between a couple.展开更多
Jeremy Waldron’s philosophy of dignity is not a moral philosophy,but a legal philosophy,as he argued that dignity is a concept created by law and it is not of moral value.His concept of dignity as status is based on ...Jeremy Waldron’s philosophy of dignity is not a moral philosophy,but a legal philosophy,as he argued that dignity is a concept created by law and it is not of moral value.His concept of dignity as status is based on historicism and positivism.He believes that the development from an unequal society in ancient times to an equal modem society is a progressive history in which the dignity of ordinary people is being constantly improved.In modem society,the dignity of man means that all men are at the same rank and everyone has a lofty status.To a certain extent,Waldron’s theory of dignity as status transcends the Western ideology of liberalism and individualism and provides a relatively neutral theoretical basis for the universal acceptance and wide application of international human rights.Meanwhile,it provides new ideas for understanding the internal connections between rights and responsibilities,dignity and the state,as well as the dignity of individuals and the dignity of groups.In addition to the universal concept of dignity as status,Waldron put forward the compound concept of particular dignity to contain the values of human dignity in modem society.However,he denied the logical priority of the concept of dignity as a value and promoted the concept of dignity as a status at the ontological level,which could have the limitation of misplacing value from the perspective of moral philosophy.展开更多
Death with dignity is the embodiment of the dignity of human life in the context of end-of-life medical care.However,in the development of its concept,it has been alienated into a single way of death and is often conf...Death with dignity is the embodiment of the dignity of human life in the context of end-of-life medical care.However,in the development of its concept,it has been alienated into a single way of death and is often confused with the concept of euthanasia.It is therefore a theoretical and practical necessity to re-expand the connotations of death with dignity Death with dignity is the subjective value of dignity reflected in the context of dying.It takes equality,freedom,and virtue as the core,and uses the right to life as its external support.It is projected onto the medical context and incorporates the patient’s right to informed consent.Subject to public interest,legal paternalism,and the principles of public order and good customs,the boundary of the right to death with dignity should be between active treatment and natural death,and active euthanasia in the form of giving up the right to life should not be included in the right to death with dignity.展开更多
The distortion and dissolution of the concept of person has led to hideous atrocities,such as annihilation of the Jews in the previous century,the continued oppression of the Palestinian people,the massacre of Moslems...The distortion and dissolution of the concept of person has led to hideous atrocities,such as annihilation of the Jews in the previous century,the continued oppression of the Palestinian people,the massacre of Moslems in Srebrenica,the Rwandan genocide,racial discrimination,the manifold manipulations of man through science and technology,barbarous and iniquitous laws(such as the legalization of abortion,etc.),the horrendous killings by Islamic terrorists(such as ISIS in Syria and the Boko Haram insurgents in Nigeria),the increasing biomedical researches as in stem cell,etc.This paper seeks to make it clear that man occupies a central place in the created order.From this perspective,man enjoys a special status and should not to be treated as mere object.Thus,it is arguable that the ontological basis for a substance being denominated as person is its special dignity,which separates it from a mere thing.Human dignity,therefore,is an intrinsic quality of all human beings.Among other things,this paper will strive to investigate various violations of human dignity and the role of philosophy in sustaining the dignity of human person in the 21st century.展开更多
One of the aims of the Universal Declaration on B ioethics and Human Rights （UNESCO） is to ＂promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights＂,l Here are two overarching principles at work, ensuring that ...One of the aims of the Universal Declaration on B ioethics and Human Rights （UNESCO） is to ＂promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights＂,l Here are two overarching principles at work, ensuring that the biomedical sciences fulfill their task within an ethical framework. The principle of respect for human dignity is a universal moral concept, meant to be applied in human encounters. Protecting human rights underscores the legal principle of not only affirming the fundamental equality of all human beings, but equally safeguarding it. These two principles are universally defined, but are ordinarily specified by the particular value system of individual cultures in which they are employed. It is within such particular cultural application that their relevance stands out. The thrust of this paper is that, since principles are general action guides, they actually constitute a universal language for the analysis and evaluation of all human conduct. However, there is also recognition of the fact that moral contexts vary from culture to culture, and that while the scope of the two principles above is not restricted by any particular culture, it is indeed those cultural specifics of each moral context that constitute the framework within which the principles become operational. As general action guides, I will argue that these principles lack moral relevance outside of those particular cultural settings wherein they are contextualized. Without such relevance, these principles become meaningless mantras. I will further show that such principles do not merely uphold values informed by particular cultures, but they are an embodiment of values inherent to human nature in general. Consequently, these principles do not just serve as instruments for addressing issues peculiar to ＂Western bioethics＂ or any other particular cultural setting in an exclusive sense, but are also used for moderating bioethics discourse that transcend particular cultural boundaries. I will further explain that such universal discourse is potentially instructive with regards to how cultural universals are viewed in relation to the cultural particulars, and that this discourse essentially becomes a lingua franca for cross-cultural dialogue in bioethics.展开更多
In his government work report to the 3rd Session of the 11th National People＇s Congress （NPC） on March 5, 2010, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said： ＂Everything we do is to make the people live happier and more digni...In his government work report to the 3rd Session of the 11th National People＇s Congress （NPC） on March 5, 2010, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said： ＂Everything we do is to make the people live happier and more dignified,make the society more just and more harmonious.＂ This is held up by the media as the展开更多
Dignity is a key category in Marxist political philosophy.Marx criticized the realistic predicament caused by the materialization of human dignity in the capitalist society and indicated that the core of dignity lies ...Dignity is a key category in Marxist political philosophy.Marx criticized the realistic predicament caused by the materialization of human dignity in the capitalist society and indicated that the core of dignity lies in the manifestation and confirmation by means of labor,and time is one dimension for the measurement of labor.Hence,free time,lifetime,and emotional time are important paths and key characteristics to realize and safeguard dignity.The capitalist mode and relations of production cannot fundamentally realize human dignity.The realization of human dignity requires constructing a social system and public space and the full development of social conditions in all directions,for society is the fundamental way to realize and safeguard human dignity.Marx regarded the recognition of protecting dignity and worth for all people as the ultimate goal of realizing a life with dignity.Fully interpreting the concept of dignity in Marxism is of positive significance for building a better life.展开更多
Dignity and Human Rights are recognized as two principles that coordinate with each other.However,it is an invention of modern people to set dignity as the basis of human rights from a genealogical point of view.In th...Dignity and Human Rights are recognized as two principles that coordinate with each other.However,it is an invention of modern people to set dignity as the basis of human rights from a genealogical point of view.In the classical context,dignity was represented as a political value,honoring excellence in public service.As a reward and return for political services,dignity holders were entitled to be recognized by the state and treated with appropriate courtesy and respect.There are two ways to get dignity,"bestowed in advance"and"awarded afterwards."The former was bestowed by a noble bloodline,while the latter was a reward for eminent military achievements or outstanding performance in normal state governance.In any case,dignity is defined in a differential pattern.It is quite different from the value of Equality for All in dignity,which is emphasized in modern society.In ancient Rome,as a tribute to moral excellence,dignity also required the taming and control ofphysical desire,so the value of dignity did not honor the natural rights of each human being,but rather the high rank and strong obligation of the excellent.展开更多
Buying and selling abducted women or children are symmetrical crimes, but the “the same punishment for the same crime” is not applied. The focus of the criminal punishment for buying abducted women or children is no...Buying and selling abducted women or children are symmetrical crimes, but the “the same punishment for the same crime” is not applied. The focus of the criminal punishment for buying abducted women or children is not about increasing the statutory sentence, but strengthening judicial and law enforcement, to increase the prosecution rate and impose combined punishment for several crimes including the buying of abducted women or children and other subsequent crimes, so as to demonstrate the inevitability of criminal punishment. Human dignity is the core legal interest violated by the crime of buying abducted women or children. The specific legal interest is that humans are not for sale, which should be valued and protected independently in criminal law. This crime is a type of behavioral offense rather than a crime of circumstances. Under normal circumstances,neither the consent of the victim nor the goodwill of the purchaser excludes conviction of the crime. Compared with the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children, buying abducted women or children is not necessarily a serious crime, and the basic statutory punishment of less than three years is reasonable. However, it is possible to appropriately raise the sentence to less than five years in legislation.Where subsequent behaviors do not constitute a crime, they can be used as aggravating circumstances for the crime, and an aggravated statutory sentence can be configured to connect with the statutory punishments for the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children.展开更多
Human dignity is the fundamental concept of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and serves as the theoretical backbone for the international human rights system. Chinese culture has an excellent tradition of tre...Human dignity is the fundamental concept of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and serves as the theoretical backbone for the international human rights system. Chinese culture has an excellent tradition of treasuring the dignity and value of people. The provisions on dignity in the Declaration can find their historical origins in traditional Chinese culture. The dignity of people has a supreme status and value in traditional Chinese culture. Chinese "etiquette" culture has a long tradition of respecting the dignity of people.Achieving benevolence through etiquette is the basic way to protect human dignity. Etiquette in ancient China was constrained by inequality and historical limitations, but it also had the elements of respecting or honoring others, and had the practical function of respecting, maintaining and achieving human dignity. The effective implementation of etiquette requires the fulfillment of people’s basic needs. Progressing from xiao kang(moderate prosperity) to da tong(great harmony) is the process of approaching the human rights standards of human dignity and equal rights that all nations and all peoples should strive to achieve.展开更多
Gong Shihai, a 73-year-old peasant, had never dreamed that he was married for the first time in his life at atownship senior citizens home, 40 kilo- meters southeast of Wuhan, capital of central China＇s Hubei Province.
Luo Haocai, president of China Society for Human Rights Studies, delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the 4th Beijing Forum on Human Rights on Sept. 21, 2011. The full text of his speech follows：
In the report of 19;National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China seeks to"accelerate development of the crime prevention and control system,combat and punish in a...In the report of 19;National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China seeks to"accelerate development of the crime prevention and control system,combat and punish in accordance with law all illegal and criminal activities such as pornography,gambling,drug abuse,gang violence,kidnapping,and fraud,and protect people’s personal rights,property rights,and right展开更多
IS there an audience for a Mauritanian director promoting a movie about Mall in China？ It depends on the director and the film French speakers, film students and film lovers packed the China Film Archive auditorium t...IS there an audience for a Mauritanian director promoting a movie about Mall in China？ It depends on the director and the film French speakers, film students and film lovers packed the China Film Archive auditorium to watch Abderrahmane Sissako＇s famous film Timbuktu with the director himself.展开更多
I. Introduction Human dignity manifests itself as respect for the humanity of all in- dividuals. Currently, China is in the historical period of transforming from ＂national prosperity＂ to ＂putting people first.＂ R...I. Introduction Human dignity manifests itself as respect for the humanity of all in- dividuals. Currently, China is in the historical period of transforming from ＂national prosperity＂ to ＂putting people first.＂ Respecting and protecting hu- man dignity marks its beginning and serves as its objective. Analysis of the value of human dignity and investiga- tion into realistic approaches to protect human dignity will be of practical and theoretical significance to the further advancement of the human rights cause in China.展开更多
基金“Research on the Content and Realization Methods of Citizens’Participation Rights,”a major project(Project Number 21JJD820003)funded by the National Human Rights Education and Training Base of the Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Human dignity is widely regarded as the foundation of modern human rights concepts and norms.The doctrine of human dignity in Chinese culture enjoys a long and profound history,and the pre-Qin assertion that“humans are the most precious”is the most representative expression of human dignity.Ancient Chinese scholars’elaboration on dignity was ethically oriented;they affirmed that humans have the freedom to make moral choices in spirit and required them to assume moral responsibilities towards others and society.Since modern times,with the changes of the times and the introduction of Western liberalism,the traditional view of moral dignity has seen a significant expansion of its scope,incorporating freedom in economic,political,and social life into the category of human dignity and establishing a closer connection with human rights.In contemporary China,under the guidance of Marxism,the view of dignity regards the free,comprehensive,and common development of human beings as the intrinsic requirement and external manifestation of human dignity,takes the rights to subsistence and development as the primary and fundamental human rights,and comprehensively safeguards the dignity of every individual through the coordinated protection of economic,political,social,and cultural rights.
基金This is a phased research outcome of a Key Project of the National Social Science Fund of China,entitled“Research on Improving the Legal Governance System to Guarantee Social Equity and Justice”(Project Number 20AZD028).
文摘The theory of human dignity identifies certain inherent human characteristics,elevating humanity as the pinnacle of creation and valuing individuals as carriers of these traits.Under this framework,individuals are called to actively embody their human essence and participate in political life to serve the community.Overall,this interpretive paradigm of dignity establishes a distinct concept of autonomy and provides methods for its realization,fostering the secularization of politics by emphasizing human value.The doctrine of individual dignity presupposes the intrinsic worth of individuals and defends their autonomy and equal status through the imposition of legal obligations on the state.However,limited by its essentialist and communitarian orientation,the scope of autonomy and equality it provides to individuals remains constrained.By transcending ontology with a value-based approach,the concept of individual dignity creates a unique,open structure that incorporates and reflects on global human rights practices.This adaptability enables it to integrate abstract societies,advance the global human rights agenda,and critique and refine political realities.Consequently,the concept of individual dignity cannot be supplanted by the human dignity theory.
文摘The legal protection of human dignity can be explored from the perspective of regulating“hate speech.”The practices of most countries worldwide demonstrate that human dignity serves as a fundamental value limiting the freedom of expression.Legally protected human dignity encompasses three levels of meaning:the dignity of life as an inherent aspect of human existence,the dignity of individuals as members of specific groups,and the personal dignity of individuals as unique beings.These three levels collectively emphasize the principle that human beings are ends in themselves,underscoring that individuals must not be degraded to mere means or subjected to harm.The inherent nature of human dignity necessitates its protection by both the state and societal entities.Traditionally,the safeguarding of human dignity has primarily depended on state intervention.However,with the advent of the digital age,this responsibility has increasingly extended to social entities,imposing changes of enhanced and expanded obligations of respect.Consequently,the key to protecting human dignity lies in adjusting the allocation of responsibilities between the state and society in accordance with the development of the times.Under the guidance of human dignity as a constitutional value,China should focus on establishing a comprehensive protection system by improving legislation,law enforcement,and judicial practices.This includes specifying the obligations of social entities and constructing multi-level regulatory mechanisms to form an effective system of protection by the state and society.
基金This paper is an interim result of the“Research on the Construction of China’s Independent Human Rights Knowledge System,”a major project of the National Human Rights Education and Training Base(Approval Number 24JJD820007).
文摘Human dignity is a core concept in contemporary moral philosophy,political science,and jurisprudence.The“social status theory”proposed by Jeremy Waldron argues that human dignity is a social construct,focusing on the fundamental equal social status of individuals.It addresses behaviors of humiliation or devaluation by others,emphasizing both the negative prohibition of such harms and the positive promotion of protections against them.Unlike traditional theories of dignity that often rely on abstract or metaphysical justifications,the social status theory adopts a bottom-up approach grounded in the social practices of dignity.This perspective avoids entanglement in endless value debates over the concept and provides new rationale for affirming human dignity.Furthermore,it refines the understanding of human dignity by identifying three specific types of social harm to dignity and corresponding protective measures.The social status theory significantly mitigates cultural skepticism regarding the concept of human dignity,offering a relatively objective and practicable framework for defining dignity norms.Practically,the theory aligns well with the application of human dignity in both public and private law domains and effectively explains the concept as utilized in international human rights conventions and practices.While there is room for further refinement,the social status theory currently stands out as the most advantageous and robust framework for understanding and promoting human dignity.
文摘The Remains of the Day is one of Kazuo Ishiguro’s renowned novels.The protagonist Stevens is an English butler whose life is deeply entwined with the concepts of dignity and honor.Set against the backdrop of post-World War II Britain and reflecting on the interwar period,the novel examines Stevens’devotion to his role and the traditional values of English aristocracy.The essay discusses how Stevens’identity is shaped by his unwavering commitment to professionalism and his admiration for British gentleman culture and highlights the identity crisis Stevens faces as he realizes the flawed nature of his employer and the outdated ideals he upheld.Through Stevens’journey of self-reassessment and eventual epiphany,the essay delves into the complexities of his internal struggle to reconstruct his identity,ultimately advocating for a more authentic understanding of dignity and honor.
文摘This essay aims to discuss and analyse Jane Eyre and Mr. Rochester's attitude towards love and marriage. Struggling for theequality of human dignity crosses through their love from beginning to end. Therefore, we can draw a conclusion--True love and happymarriage are based upon the equality of human dignity between a couple.
基金phased achievement of the“Research on Human Dignity from the Perspective of the Rule of Law Culture”,a Ministry of Justice’s ministerial scientific research project on the Construction of the Rule of Law and Legal Theory in 2021(21SFB2004)。
文摘Jeremy Waldron’s philosophy of dignity is not a moral philosophy,but a legal philosophy,as he argued that dignity is a concept created by law and it is not of moral value.His concept of dignity as status is based on historicism and positivism.He believes that the development from an unequal society in ancient times to an equal modem society is a progressive history in which the dignity of ordinary people is being constantly improved.In modem society,the dignity of man means that all men are at the same rank and everyone has a lofty status.To a certain extent,Waldron’s theory of dignity as status transcends the Western ideology of liberalism and individualism and provides a relatively neutral theoretical basis for the universal acceptance and wide application of international human rights.Meanwhile,it provides new ideas for understanding the internal connections between rights and responsibilities,dignity and the state,as well as the dignity of individuals and the dignity of groups.In addition to the universal concept of dignity as status,Waldron put forward the compound concept of particular dignity to contain the values of human dignity in modem society.However,he denied the logical priority of the concept of dignity as a value and promoted the concept of dignity as a status at the ontological level,which could have the limitation of misplacing value from the perspective of moral philosophy.
基金a phased result of Legalization of Basic Medical Security,a major research project of philosophy and social sciences of the Ministry of Education in 2014(14JZD025)
文摘Death with dignity is the embodiment of the dignity of human life in the context of end-of-life medical care.However,in the development of its concept,it has been alienated into a single way of death and is often confused with the concept of euthanasia.It is therefore a theoretical and practical necessity to re-expand the connotations of death with dignity Death with dignity is the subjective value of dignity reflected in the context of dying.It takes equality,freedom,and virtue as the core,and uses the right to life as its external support.It is projected onto the medical context and incorporates the patient’s right to informed consent.Subject to public interest,legal paternalism,and the principles of public order and good customs,the boundary of the right to death with dignity should be between active treatment and natural death,and active euthanasia in the form of giving up the right to life should not be included in the right to death with dignity.
文摘The distortion and dissolution of the concept of person has led to hideous atrocities,such as annihilation of the Jews in the previous century,the continued oppression of the Palestinian people,the massacre of Moslems in Srebrenica,the Rwandan genocide,racial discrimination,the manifold manipulations of man through science and technology,barbarous and iniquitous laws(such as the legalization of abortion,etc.),the horrendous killings by Islamic terrorists(such as ISIS in Syria and the Boko Haram insurgents in Nigeria),the increasing biomedical researches as in stem cell,etc.This paper seeks to make it clear that man occupies a central place in the created order.From this perspective,man enjoys a special status and should not to be treated as mere object.Thus,it is arguable that the ontological basis for a substance being denominated as person is its special dignity,which separates it from a mere thing.Human dignity,therefore,is an intrinsic quality of all human beings.Among other things,this paper will strive to investigate various violations of human dignity and the role of philosophy in sustaining the dignity of human person in the 21st century.
文摘One of the aims of the Universal Declaration on B ioethics and Human Rights （UNESCO） is to ＂promote respect for human dignity and protect human rights＂,l Here are two overarching principles at work, ensuring that the biomedical sciences fulfill their task within an ethical framework. The principle of respect for human dignity is a universal moral concept, meant to be applied in human encounters. Protecting human rights underscores the legal principle of not only affirming the fundamental equality of all human beings, but equally safeguarding it. These two principles are universally defined, but are ordinarily specified by the particular value system of individual cultures in which they are employed. It is within such particular cultural application that their relevance stands out. The thrust of this paper is that, since principles are general action guides, they actually constitute a universal language for the analysis and evaluation of all human conduct. However, there is also recognition of the fact that moral contexts vary from culture to culture, and that while the scope of the two principles above is not restricted by any particular culture, it is indeed those cultural specifics of each moral context that constitute the framework within which the principles become operational. As general action guides, I will argue that these principles lack moral relevance outside of those particular cultural settings wherein they are contextualized. Without such relevance, these principles become meaningless mantras. I will further show that such principles do not merely uphold values informed by particular cultures, but they are an embodiment of values inherent to human nature in general. Consequently, these principles do not just serve as instruments for addressing issues peculiar to ＂Western bioethics＂ or any other particular cultural setting in an exclusive sense, but are also used for moderating bioethics discourse that transcend particular cultural boundaries. I will further explain that such universal discourse is potentially instructive with regards to how cultural universals are viewed in relation to the cultural particulars, and that this discourse essentially becomes a lingua franca for cross-cultural dialogue in bioethics.
文摘In his government work report to the 3rd Session of the 11th National People＇s Congress （NPC） on March 5, 2010, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said： ＂Everything we do is to make the people live happier and more dignified,make the society more just and more harmonious.＂ This is held up by the media as the
文摘Dignity is a key category in Marxist political philosophy.Marx criticized the realistic predicament caused by the materialization of human dignity in the capitalist society and indicated that the core of dignity lies in the manifestation and confirmation by means of labor,and time is one dimension for the measurement of labor.Hence,free time,lifetime,and emotional time are important paths and key characteristics to realize and safeguard dignity.The capitalist mode and relations of production cannot fundamentally realize human dignity.The realization of human dignity requires constructing a social system and public space and the full development of social conditions in all directions,for society is the fundamental way to realize and safeguard human dignity.Marx regarded the recognition of protecting dignity and worth for all people as the ultimate goal of realizing a life with dignity.Fully interpreting the concept of dignity in Marxism is of positive significance for building a better life.
文摘Dignity and Human Rights are recognized as two principles that coordinate with each other.However,it is an invention of modern people to set dignity as the basis of human rights from a genealogical point of view.In the classical context,dignity was represented as a political value,honoring excellence in public service.As a reward and return for political services,dignity holders were entitled to be recognized by the state and treated with appropriate courtesy and respect.There are two ways to get dignity,"bestowed in advance"and"awarded afterwards."The former was bestowed by a noble bloodline,while the latter was a reward for eminent military achievements or outstanding performance in normal state governance.In any case,dignity is defined in a differential pattern.It is quite different from the value of Equality for All in dignity,which is emphasized in modern society.In ancient Rome,as a tribute to moral excellence,dignity also required the taming and control ofphysical desire,so the value of dignity did not honor the natural rights of each human being,but rather the high rank and strong obligation of the excellent.
文摘Buying and selling abducted women or children are symmetrical crimes, but the “the same punishment for the same crime” is not applied. The focus of the criminal punishment for buying abducted women or children is not about increasing the statutory sentence, but strengthening judicial and law enforcement, to increase the prosecution rate and impose combined punishment for several crimes including the buying of abducted women or children and other subsequent crimes, so as to demonstrate the inevitability of criminal punishment. Human dignity is the core legal interest violated by the crime of buying abducted women or children. The specific legal interest is that humans are not for sale, which should be valued and protected independently in criminal law. This crime is a type of behavioral offense rather than a crime of circumstances. Under normal circumstances,neither the consent of the victim nor the goodwill of the purchaser excludes conviction of the crime. Compared with the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children, buying abducted women or children is not necessarily a serious crime, and the basic statutory punishment of less than three years is reasonable. However, it is possible to appropriately raise the sentence to less than five years in legislation.Where subsequent behaviors do not constitute a crime, they can be used as aggravating circumstances for the crime, and an aggravated statutory sentence can be configured to connect with the statutory punishments for the crime of abducting and trafficking women or children.
文摘Human dignity is the fundamental concept of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and serves as the theoretical backbone for the international human rights system. Chinese culture has an excellent tradition of treasuring the dignity and value of people. The provisions on dignity in the Declaration can find their historical origins in traditional Chinese culture. The dignity of people has a supreme status and value in traditional Chinese culture. Chinese "etiquette" culture has a long tradition of respecting the dignity of people.Achieving benevolence through etiquette is the basic way to protect human dignity. Etiquette in ancient China was constrained by inequality and historical limitations, but it also had the elements of respecting or honoring others, and had the practical function of respecting, maintaining and achieving human dignity. The effective implementation of etiquette requires the fulfillment of people’s basic needs. Progressing from xiao kang(moderate prosperity) to da tong(great harmony) is the process of approaching the human rights standards of human dignity and equal rights that all nations and all peoples should strive to achieve.
文摘Gong Shihai, a 73-year-old peasant, had never dreamed that he was married for the first time in his life at atownship senior citizens home, 40 kilo- meters southeast of Wuhan, capital of central China＇s Hubei Province.
文摘Luo Haocai, president of China Society for Human Rights Studies, delivered a speech at the opening ceremony of the 4th Beijing Forum on Human Rights on Sept. 21, 2011. The full text of his speech follows：
基金the phased achievement of the Ministry of Education’s 2015 major research project"Research on Human Rights Views and Human Rights Theory with Chinese Characteristics"(Project Number:15JZD007)
文摘In the report of 19;National Congress of the Communist Party of China,General Secretary Xi Jinping said that China seeks to"accelerate development of the crime prevention and control system,combat and punish in accordance with law all illegal and criminal activities such as pornography,gambling,drug abuse,gang violence,kidnapping,and fraud,and protect people’s personal rights,property rights,and right
文摘IS there an audience for a Mauritanian director promoting a movie about Mall in China？ It depends on the director and the film French speakers, film students and film lovers packed the China Film Archive auditorium to watch Abderrahmane Sissako＇s famous film Timbuktu with the director himself.
文摘I. Introduction Human dignity manifests itself as respect for the humanity of all in- dividuals. Currently, China is in the historical period of transforming from ＂national prosperity＂ to ＂putting people first.＂ Respecting and protecting hu- man dignity marks its beginning and serves as its objective. Analysis of the value of human dignity and investiga- tion into realistic approaches to protect human dignity will be of practical and theoretical significance to the further advancement of the human rights cause in China.
