Particulate photocatalytic systems using nanoscale photocatalysts have been developed as an attractive promising route for solar energy utilization to achieve resource sustainability and environmental harmony.Dynamic ...Particulate photocatalytic systems using nanoscale photocatalysts have been developed as an attractive promising route for solar energy utilization to achieve resource sustainability and environmental harmony.Dynamic obstacles are considered as the dominant inhibition for attaining satisfactory energy-conversion efficiency.The complexity in light absorption and carrier transfer behaviors has remained to be further clearly illuminated.It is challenging to trace the fast evolution of charge carriers involved in transfer migration and interfacial reactions within a micro–nano-single-particle photocatalyst,which requires spatiotemporal high resolution.In this review,comprehensive dynamic descriptions including irradiation field,carrier separation and transfer,and interfacial reaction processes have been elucidated and discussed.The corresponding mechanisms for revealing dynamic behaviors have been explained.In addition,numerical simulation and modeling methods have been illustrated for the description of the irradiation field.Experimental measurements and spatiotemporal characterizations have been clarified for the reflection of carrier behavior and probing detection of interfacial reactions.The representative applications have been introduced according to the reported advanced research works,and the relationships between mechanistic conclusions from variable spatiotemporal measurements and photocatalytic performance results in the specific photocatalytic reactions have been concluded.This review provides a collective perspective for the full understanding and thorough evaluation of the primary dynamic processes,which would be inspired for the improvement in designing solar-driven energy-conversion systems based on nanoscale particulate photocatalysts.展开更多
The last-stage larval external morphologies of Pleuroptya rulalis （Scopoli）, Pleuroptya harutai （Inoue） and Botyodes diniasalis （Walker） of Pyraustinae are described and illustrated. All specimens are deposited ...The last-stage larval external morphologies of Pleuroptya rulalis （Scopoli）, Pleuroptya harutai （Inoue） and Botyodes diniasalis （Walker） of Pyraustinae are described and illustrated. All specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.展开更多
We present a detailed investigation of magnetic properties of colossal magnetoresistance material HgCr2Se4. While spontaneous magnetization and zero-field magnetic susceptibility are found to follow asymptotic scaling...We present a detailed investigation of magnetic properties of colossal magnetoresistance material HgCr2Se4. While spontaneous magnetization and zero-field magnetic susceptibility are found to follow asymptotic scaling laws for a narrow range of temperatures near the critical point, two methods with connections to the renormalization group theory provide analytical descriptions of the magnetic properties for much wider temperature ranges. Based on this, an analytical formula is obtained for the temperature dependence of the low field magnetoresistance in the paramagnetic phase.展开更多
To make the multiple descriptions codec adaptive to the packet loss rate, which can minimize the final distortion, a novel adaptive multiple descriptions sinusoidal coder （AMDSC） is proposed, which is based on a sin...To make the multiple descriptions codec adaptive to the packet loss rate, which can minimize the final distortion, a novel adaptive multiple descriptions sinusoidal coder （AMDSC） is proposed, which is based on a sinusoidal model and a noise model. Firstly, the sinusoidal parameters are extracted in the sinusoidal model, and ordered in a decrease manner. Odd indexed and even indexed parameters are divided into two descriptions. Secondly, the output vector from the noise model is split vector quantized. And the two sub-vectors are placed into two descriptions too. Finally, the number of the extracted parameters and the redundancy between the two descriptions are adjusted according to the packet loss rate of the network. Analytical and experimental resuits show that the proposed AMDSC outperforms existing MD speech coders by taking network loss characteristics into account. Therefore, it is very suitable for unreliable channels展开更多
We present a simple and efficient scheme that combines multiple descriptions coding with wavelet transform under JPEG2000 image coding architecture. To reduce packet losses, controlled amounts of redundancy are added ...We present a simple and efficient scheme that combines multiple descriptions coding with wavelet transform under JPEG2000 image coding architecture. To reduce packet losses, controlled amounts of redundancy are added to the wavelet transform coefficients to produce multiple descriptions of wavelet coefficients during the compression process to produce multiple descriptions bit-stream of a compressed image. Even if areceiver gets only parts of descriptions (other descriptions being lost), it can still reconstruct image with acceptable quality. Specifically, the scheme uses not only high-performance wavelet transform to improve compression efficiency, but also multiple descriptions technique to enhance the robustness of the compressed image that is transmitted through unreliable network channels.展开更多
The House of the Seven Gables （1981）, Hawthorne＇s second romance, is his another masterpiece after The Scarlet Letter （1956）. The achievement of its themes and narrative skills has been greatly complimented by re...The House of the Seven Gables （1981）, Hawthorne＇s second romance, is his another masterpiece after The Scarlet Letter （1956）. The achievement of its themes and narrative skills has been greatly complimented by readers, especially its descriptions and analyses of the characters＇ psychological activities and their personalities. The notorious Salem Witch Trials of Hawthorne＇s family has a great effect on Hawthorne＇s formation of his views about the good and evil, the sin and penalty, and the psychological descriptive style in his works. In The House of the Seven Gables, Hawthorne takes this family history as the original writing background. Through exploring modem people＇s spiritual essence, using history as narrative original, Hawthorne＇s theme illustrates the past＇s influence on the present. By exploring the changes of the characters＇ psychologies and values, especially those of Holgrave, the narrator proposes a conception of general love to eradicate the actual contradictions. Hawthorne actually provides an alternative way--a nonpolitical solution to the national problems, which demonstrates not only his artistic pursuit but also his culturally political view in his writing. This paper consists of five parts.展开更多
Established in 1984,the Journal of Electronics(China)is the earliest English journal inElectronics in China.Consecutively published since then,the Journal has been vitnessing
Established in 1984,the Journal of Electronics(China)is the earliest English journal inElectronics in China.Consecutively published since then,the Journal has been vitnessing
Established in 1984, the Journal of Electronics (China) is the earliest English journal in Electronics in China. Consecutively published since then, the Journal has been vitnessing and publishing the development of th...Established in 1984, the Journal of Electronics (China) is the earliest English journal in Electronics in China. Consecutively published since then, the Journal has been vitnessing and publishing the development of the Electronics in China and beyond.展开更多
Petri net language is a powerful tool for describing dynamic behaviors of physical systems. However, it is not easy to obtain the language expression for a given Petri net especially a structure-complex net. In this p...Petri net language is a powerful tool for describing dynamic behaviors of physical systems. However, it is not easy to obtain the language expression for a given Petri net especially a structure-complex net. In this paper, we first analyze the behaviors of S-nets, which are structure-simple. With the decomposition method based on a given index function on the place set, a given structure-complex Petri net can be decomposed into a set of structure-simple S-nets. With the language relationships between the original system and the decomposed subnets, an algorithm to obtain the language expression of a given structure-complex net system is presented, which benefits the analysis of physical systems based on the Petri net language.展开更多
Four new species of Helina Robineau-Desvoidy from Yunnan, China are reported: H.paratacticispina sp. nov., H. yilaensis sp. nov., H. similisipedana sp. nov., and H. yutengi sp. nov.
In recent years,the detection of fake job descriptions has become increasingly necessary because social networking has changed the way people access burgeoning information in the internet age.Identifying fraud in job ...In recent years,the detection of fake job descriptions has become increasingly necessary because social networking has changed the way people access burgeoning information in the internet age.Identifying fraud in job descriptions can help jobseekers to avoid many of the risks of job hunting.However,the problem of detecting fake job descriptions comes up against the problem of class imbalance when the number of genuine jobs exceeds the number of fake jobs.This causes a reduction in the predictability and performance of traditional machine learning models.We therefore present an efficient framework that uses an oversampling technique called FJD-OT(Fake Job Description Detection Using Oversampling Techniques)to improve the predictability of detecting fake job descriptions.In the proposed framework,we apply several techniques including the removal of stop words and the use of a tokenizer to preprocess the text data in the first module.We then use a bag of words in combination with the term frequency-inverse document frequency(TF-IDF)approach to extract the features from the text data to create the feature dataset in the second module.Next,our framework applies k-fold cross-validation,a commonly used technique to test the effectiveness of machine learning models,that splits the experimental dataset[the Employment Scam Aegean(ESA)dataset in our study]into training and test sets for evaluation.The training set is passed through the third module,an oversampling module in which the SVMSMOTE method is used to balance data before training the classifiers in the last module.The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach significantly improves the predictability of fake job description detection on the ESA dataset based on several popular performance metrics.展开更多
This paper aims to explore the semantics within Russell’s theory of descriptions.Since the theory heavily relies on Frege’s semantics in various aspects,it is necessary to first examine Frege’s semantic framework,f...This paper aims to explore the semantics within Russell’s theory of descriptions.Since the theory heavily relies on Frege’s semantics in various aspects,it is necessary to first examine Frege’s semantic framework,followed by an analysis of the aspects of Frege’s semantics that Russell accepts and those he rejects.Additionally,we investigate how Russell’s semantics functions within his theory of descriptions.Finally,we examine Strawson’s critique of the theory of descriptions based on the concept of usage.By analyzing the key points between the two,it becomes evident that Russell and Strawson hold differing views on language.However,this difference in linguistic perspectives fundamentally stems from their differing philosophical and truth views.展开更多
Due to the exploding growth in the number of web services, mashup has emerged as a service composition technique to reuse existing services and create new applications with the least amount of effort. Service recommen...Due to the exploding growth in the number of web services, mashup has emerged as a service composition technique to reuse existing services and create new applications with the least amount of effort. Service recommendation is essential to facilitate mashup developers locating desired component services among a large collection of candidates. However, the majority of existing methods utilize service profiles for content matching, not mashup descriptions. This makes them suffer from vocabulary gap and cold-start problem when recommending components for new mashups. In this paper, we propose a two-step approach to generate high-quality service representation from mashup descriptions. The first step employs a linear discriminant function to assign each term with a component service such that a coarse-grained service representation can be derived. In the second step, a novel probabilistic topic model is proposed to extract relevant terms from coarse-grained service representation. Finally, a score function is designed based on the final high-quality representation to determine recommendations. Experiments on a data set from ProgrammableWeb.com show that the proposed model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.展开更多
Nappropriate diction in the English Descriptions is complex and difficult to solve.In my study,I introduces four types of inappropriateness classified on the basis of related linguistic theories that deal with the cho...Nappropriate diction in the English Descriptions is complex and difficult to solve.In my study,I introduces four types of inappropriateness classified on the basis of related linguistic theories that deal with the choice of words.The four types of inappropriate diction are entitled respectively semantic inappropriateness,pragmatic inappropriateness,stylistic inappropriateness and social inappropriateness.展开更多
This paper presents a functional language for the unambiguous description of digital circuits,a me- thod and algorithms to obtain a standard-cell layout,and a comparative evaluation of the developed func- tional stand...This paper presents a functional language for the unambiguous description of digital circuits,a me- thod and algorithms to obtain a standard-cell layout,and a comparative evaluation of the developed func- tional standard-cell placement technique.The presented placement scheme is different from traditional methods because the complete layout geometry is specified and constructed automatically from a function- al description.The construction relies on a translation that combines the simplicity of standard-cells with the elegance of functional programming.An evaluation of the method introduced shows that the quality of the resulting placement is close to the results achieved with simulated annealing while the computation time is significantly less.Furthermore,the evaluation suggests to employ the functional placement me- thod in conjunction with low-temperature simulated annealing for running-time reduction and improved- results.展开更多
In this paper, we propose an approach for generating rich fine-grained textual descriptions of images. In particular, we use an LSTM-in-LSTM(long short-term memory) architecture, which consists of an inner LSTM and an...In this paper, we propose an approach for generating rich fine-grained textual descriptions of images. In particular, we use an LSTM-in-LSTM(long short-term memory) architecture, which consists of an inner LSTM and an outer LSTM. The inner LSTM effectively encodes the long-range implicit contextual interaction between visual cues(i.e., the spatiallyconcurrent visual objects), while the outer LSTM generally captures the explicit multi-modal relationship between sentences and images(i.e., the correspondence of sentences and images). This architecture is capable of producing a long description by predicting one word at every time step conditioned on the previously generated word, a hidden vector(via the outer LSTM),and a context vector of fine-grained visual cues(via the inner LSTM). Our model outperforms state-of-theart methods on several benchmark datasets(Flickr8k,Flickr30 k, MSCOCO) when used to generate long rich fine-grained descriptions of given images in terms of four different metrics(BLEU, CIDEr, ROUGE-L, and METEOR).展开更多
A new species of the genus Sinacosa is described from Nangunhe Nature Reserve,Yunnan,China:S.nan-gunheensis sp.n.(♂♀).Morphological descriptions,photos and illustrations of copulatory organs are provided,and a key t...A new species of the genus Sinacosa is described from Nangunhe Nature Reserve,Yunnan,China:S.nan-gunheensis sp.n.(♂♀).Morphological descriptions,photos and illustrations of copulatory organs are provided,and a key to the Sinacosa species is also provided.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(22102095,21773153)the National Key Basic Research and Development Program(2018YFB1502001)financial support from the program of China Scholarships Council(No.202306230242).
文摘Particulate photocatalytic systems using nanoscale photocatalysts have been developed as an attractive promising route for solar energy utilization to achieve resource sustainability and environmental harmony.Dynamic obstacles are considered as the dominant inhibition for attaining satisfactory energy-conversion efficiency.The complexity in light absorption and carrier transfer behaviors has remained to be further clearly illuminated.It is challenging to trace the fast evolution of charge carriers involved in transfer migration and interfacial reactions within a micro–nano-single-particle photocatalyst,which requires spatiotemporal high resolution.In this review,comprehensive dynamic descriptions including irradiation field,carrier separation and transfer,and interfacial reaction processes have been elucidated and discussed.The corresponding mechanisms for revealing dynamic behaviors have been explained.In addition,numerical simulation and modeling methods have been illustrated for the description of the irradiation field.Experimental measurements and spatiotemporal characterizations have been clarified for the reflection of carrier behavior and probing detection of interfacial reactions.The representative applications have been introduced according to the reported advanced research works,and the relationships between mechanistic conclusions from variable spatiotemporal measurements and photocatalytic performance results in the specific photocatalytic reactions have been concluded.This review provides a collective perspective for the full understanding and thorough evaluation of the primary dynamic processes,which would be inspired for the improvement in designing solar-driven energy-conversion systems based on nanoscale particulate photocatalysts.
文摘The last-stage larval external morphologies of Pleuroptya rulalis （Scopoli）, Pleuroptya harutai （Inoue） and Botyodes diniasalis （Walker） of Pyraustinae are described and illustrated. All specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61425015,11474330 and 11374337the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2012CB921703 and 2015CB921102the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘We present a detailed investigation of magnetic properties of colossal magnetoresistance material HgCr2Se4. While spontaneous magnetization and zero-field magnetic susceptibility are found to follow asymptotic scaling laws for a narrow range of temperatures near the critical point, two methods with connections to the renormalization group theory provide analytical descriptions of the magnetic properties for much wider temperature ranges. Based on this, an analytical formula is obtained for the temperature dependence of the low field magnetoresistance in the paramagnetic phase.
文摘To make the multiple descriptions codec adaptive to the packet loss rate, which can minimize the final distortion, a novel adaptive multiple descriptions sinusoidal coder （AMDSC） is proposed, which is based on a sinusoidal model and a noise model. Firstly, the sinusoidal parameters are extracted in the sinusoidal model, and ordered in a decrease manner. Odd indexed and even indexed parameters are divided into two descriptions. Secondly, the output vector from the noise model is split vector quantized. And the two sub-vectors are placed into two descriptions too. Finally, the number of the extracted parameters and the redundancy between the two descriptions are adjusted according to the packet loss rate of the network. Analytical and experimental resuits show that the proposed AMDSC outperforms existing MD speech coders by taking network loss characteristics into account. Therefore, it is very suitable for unreliable channels
文摘We present a simple and efficient scheme that combines multiple descriptions coding with wavelet transform under JPEG2000 image coding architecture. To reduce packet losses, controlled amounts of redundancy are added to the wavelet transform coefficients to produce multiple descriptions of wavelet coefficients during the compression process to produce multiple descriptions bit-stream of a compressed image. Even if areceiver gets only parts of descriptions (other descriptions being lost), it can still reconstruct image with acceptable quality. Specifically, the scheme uses not only high-performance wavelet transform to improve compression efficiency, but also multiple descriptions technique to enhance the robustness of the compressed image that is transmitted through unreliable network channels.
文摘The House of the Seven Gables （1981）, Hawthorne＇s second romance, is his another masterpiece after The Scarlet Letter （1956）. The achievement of its themes and narrative skills has been greatly complimented by readers, especially its descriptions and analyses of the characters＇ psychological activities and their personalities. The notorious Salem Witch Trials of Hawthorne＇s family has a great effect on Hawthorne＇s formation of his views about the good and evil, the sin and penalty, and the psychological descriptive style in his works. In The House of the Seven Gables, Hawthorne takes this family history as the original writing background. Through exploring modem people＇s spiritual essence, using history as narrative original, Hawthorne＇s theme illustrates the past＇s influence on the present. By exploring the changes of the characters＇ psychologies and values, especially those of Holgrave, the narrator proposes a conception of general love to eradicate the actual contradictions. Hawthorne actually provides an alternative way--a nonpolitical solution to the national problems, which demonstrates not only his artistic pursuit but also his culturally political view in his writing. This paper consists of five parts.
文摘Established in 1984,the Journal of Electronics(China)is the earliest English journal inElectronics in China.Consecutively published since then,the Journal has been vitnessing
文摘Established in 1984,the Journal of Electronics(China)is the earliest English journal inElectronics in China.Consecutively published since then,the Journal has been vitnessing
文摘Established in 1984, the Journal of Electronics (China) is the earliest English journal in Electronics in China. Consecutively published since then, the Journal has been vitnessing and publishing the development of the Electronics in China and beyond.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60173053&No.60274063)the Excellent Young Scientist Foundation of Shandong Province of China(No.02BS069).
文摘Petri net language is a powerful tool for describing dynamic behaviors of physical systems. However, it is not easy to obtain the language expression for a given Petri net especially a structure-complex net. In this paper, we first analyze the behaviors of S-nets, which are structure-simple. With the decomposition method based on a given index function on the place set, a given structure-complex Petri net can be decomposed into a set of structure-simple S-nets. With the language relationships between the original system and the decomposed subnets, an algorithm to obtain the language expression of a given structure-complex net system is presented, which benefits the analysis of physical systems based on the Petri net language.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(31172139,31401990)the Scientific Research Fund project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education under Grant(LQN202002)。
文摘Four new species of Helina Robineau-Desvoidy from Yunnan, China are reported: H.paratacticispina sp. nov., H. yilaensis sp. nov., H. similisipedana sp. nov., and H. yutengi sp. nov.
文摘In recent years,the detection of fake job descriptions has become increasingly necessary because social networking has changed the way people access burgeoning information in the internet age.Identifying fraud in job descriptions can help jobseekers to avoid many of the risks of job hunting.However,the problem of detecting fake job descriptions comes up against the problem of class imbalance when the number of genuine jobs exceeds the number of fake jobs.This causes a reduction in the predictability and performance of traditional machine learning models.We therefore present an efficient framework that uses an oversampling technique called FJD-OT(Fake Job Description Detection Using Oversampling Techniques)to improve the predictability of detecting fake job descriptions.In the proposed framework,we apply several techniques including the removal of stop words and the use of a tokenizer to preprocess the text data in the first module.We then use a bag of words in combination with the term frequency-inverse document frequency(TF-IDF)approach to extract the features from the text data to create the feature dataset in the second module.Next,our framework applies k-fold cross-validation,a commonly used technique to test the effectiveness of machine learning models,that splits the experimental dataset[the Employment Scam Aegean(ESA)dataset in our study]into training and test sets for evaluation.The training set is passed through the third module,an oversampling module in which the SVMSMOTE method is used to balance data before training the classifiers in the last module.The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach significantly improves the predictability of fake job description detection on the ESA dataset based on several popular performance metrics.
文摘This paper aims to explore the semantics within Russell’s theory of descriptions.Since the theory heavily relies on Frege’s semantics in various aspects,it is necessary to first examine Frege’s semantic framework,followed by an analysis of the aspects of Frege’s semantics that Russell accepts and those he rejects.Additionally,we investigate how Russell’s semantics functions within his theory of descriptions.Finally,we examine Strawson’s critique of the theory of descriptions based on the concept of usage.By analyzing the key points between the two,it becomes evident that Russell and Strawson hold differing views on language.However,this difference in linguistic perspectives fundamentally stems from their differing philosophical and truth views.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61673230)
文摘Due to the exploding growth in the number of web services, mashup has emerged as a service composition technique to reuse existing services and create new applications with the least amount of effort. Service recommendation is essential to facilitate mashup developers locating desired component services among a large collection of candidates. However, the majority of existing methods utilize service profiles for content matching, not mashup descriptions. This makes them suffer from vocabulary gap and cold-start problem when recommending components for new mashups. In this paper, we propose a two-step approach to generate high-quality service representation from mashup descriptions. The first step employs a linear discriminant function to assign each term with a component service such that a coarse-grained service representation can be derived. In the second step, a novel probabilistic topic model is proposed to extract relevant terms from coarse-grained service representation. Finally, a score function is designed based on the final high-quality representation to determine recommendations. Experiments on a data set from ProgrammableWeb.com show that the proposed model significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.
文摘Nappropriate diction in the English Descriptions is complex and difficult to solve.In my study,I introduces four types of inappropriateness classified on the basis of related linguistic theories that deal with the choice of words.The four types of inappropriate diction are entitled respectively semantic inappropriateness,pragmatic inappropriateness,stylistic inappropriateness and social inappropriateness.
文摘This paper presents a functional language for the unambiguous description of digital circuits,a me- thod and algorithms to obtain a standard-cell layout,and a comparative evaluation of the developed func- tional standard-cell placement technique.The presented placement scheme is different from traditional methods because the complete layout geometry is specified and constructed automatically from a function- al description.The construction relies on a translation that combines the simplicity of standard-cells with the elegance of functional programming.An evaluation of the method introduced shows that the quality of the resulting placement is close to the results achieved with simulated annealing while the computation time is significantly less.Furthermore,the evaluation suggests to employ the functional placement me- thod in conjunction with low-temperature simulated annealing for running-time reduction and improved- results.
基金supported in part by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB316400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61472353 and 61572431)+2 种基金China Knowledge Centre for Engineering Sciences and Technology,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities2015 Qianjiang Talents Program of Zhejiang Provincesupported in part by the US NSF(No.CCF1017828)
文摘In this paper, we propose an approach for generating rich fine-grained textual descriptions of images. In particular, we use an LSTM-in-LSTM(long short-term memory) architecture, which consists of an inner LSTM and an outer LSTM. The inner LSTM effectively encodes the long-range implicit contextual interaction between visual cues(i.e., the spatiallyconcurrent visual objects), while the outer LSTM generally captures the explicit multi-modal relationship between sentences and images(i.e., the correspondence of sentences and images). This architecture is capable of producing a long description by predicting one word at every time step conditioned on the previously generated word, a hidden vector(via the outer LSTM),and a context vector of fine-grained visual cues(via the inner LSTM). Our model outperforms state-of-theart methods on several benchmark datasets(Flickr8k,Flickr30 k, MSCOCO) when used to generate long rich fine-grained descriptions of given images in terms of four different metrics(BLEU, CIDEr, ROUGE-L, and METEOR).
基金supported by the Science&Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program(grant no.2022FY202100)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP,#2024QZKK0200).
文摘A new species of the genus Sinacosa is described from Nangunhe Nature Reserve,Yunnan,China:S.nan-gunheensis sp.n.(♂♀).Morphological descriptions,photos and illustrations of copulatory organs are provided,and a key to the Sinacosa species is also provided.
