Theoretical background and an implementation of the p-group generation algorithm by Newman and O’Brien are used to provide computational evidence of a new type of periodically repeating patterns in pruned descendant ...Theoretical background and an implementation of the p-group generation algorithm by Newman and O’Brien are used to provide computational evidence of a new type of periodically repeating patterns in pruned descendant trees of finite p-groups.展开更多
Four different rose hybrid populations were analyzed by ISSR technique with nine polymorphic primers. All of the primers produced 64 bands, of which 59 were polymorphic. The average of polymorphic bands was 6.6 for ea...Four different rose hybrid populations were analyzed by ISSR technique with nine polymorphic primers. All of the primers produced 64 bands, of which 59 were polymorphic. The average of polymorphic bands was 6.6 for each primer. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 57.1% to 100%, with an average of 92.3%. An UPGMA dendrogram showed five groups. The primer numbered with PI9 and PI11 had relatively high resolution in identifying the F1 offspring in this research.展开更多
Based on a thorough theory of the Artin transfer homomorphism from a group G to the abelianization of a subgroup of finite index , and its connection with the permutation representation and the monomial representation...Based on a thorough theory of the Artin transfer homomorphism from a group G to the abelianization of a subgroup of finite index , and its connection with the permutation representation and the monomial representation of G, the Artin pattern , which consists of families , resp. , of transfer targets, resp. transfer kernels, is defined for the vertices of any descendant tree T of finite p-groups. It is endowed with partial order relations and , which are compatible with the parent-descendant relation of the edges of the tree T. The partial order enables termination criteria for the p-group generation algorithm which can be used for searching and identifying a finite p-group G, whose Artin pattern is known completely or at least partially, by constructing the descendant tree with the abelianization of G as its root. An appendix summarizes details concerning induced homomorphisms between quotient groups, which play a crucial role in establishing the natural partial order on Artin patterns and explaining the stabilization, resp. polarization, of their components in descendant trees T of finite p-groups.展开更多
In 2021,the relatives of 16 international friends of China jointly sent a letter to Chinese President Xi Jinping,congratulating the Communist Party of China(CPC)on its 100th anniversary.These are the sons and daughter...In 2021,the relatives of 16 international friends of China jointly sent a letter to Chinese President Xi Jinping,congratulating the Communist Party of China(CPC)on its 100th anniversary.These are the sons and daughters and family members of those who helped China in its times of need.Eric Foster,nephew of renowned U.S.journalist Helen Foster-Snow,was one of them.展开更多
ON May 20,2025,eighteen descendants of British prisoners of war(POWs)rescued in the Lisbon Maru incident arrived on Dongji Island in east China’s Zhejiang Province,after a long transoceanic journey.They joined descen...ON May 20,2025,eighteen descendants of British prisoners of war(POWs)rescued in the Lisbon Maru incident arrived on Dongji Island in east China’s Zhejiang Province,after a long transoceanic journey.They joined descendants of the local fishermen who had saved their ancestors 83 years ago,gathering to witness the unveiling of a memorial erected in honor of the fishermen’s extraordinary bravery.At its center,the memorial bears the inscription:“Love knows no boundaries;Friendship transcends time.”展开更多
The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis(SRD),also known as the dorsal reticular nucleus(DRt)or dorsal medullary reticular nucleus(MdD),which resides at the caudal end of the medulla,plays a pivotal role in regulating pain...The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis(SRD),also known as the dorsal reticular nucleus(DRt)or dorsal medullary reticular nucleus(MdD),which resides at the caudal end of the medulla,plays a pivotal role in regulating pain perception.Despite extensive research efforts to unravel its mechanisms,the operational intricacies of SRD remain poorly understood.Advances in experimental methodologies such as brain imaging and chemogenetics have facilitated deeper investigations into the involvement of SRD in various pain disorders.This comprehensive review aims to analyze 36 years(1989–2024)of preclinical research highlighting the critical role of SRD in diffuse noxious inhibitory control(DNIC),also known as conditioned pain modulation(CPM)in humans,and its interconnected neural circuits.Moreover,this review explores the neural circuits related to SRD,including locus coeruleus(LC)-SRD,parabrachial nucleus(PBN)-SRD,rostroventromedial medulla(RVM)-ventrolateral medulla(VLM)-SRD,anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)-SRD,medial medullary reticular formation(mMRF)-SRD,and dorsal striatum(DS)-SRD.Their activation also plays a significant role in analgesia.The pivotal roles of neurotransmitters such asμ-opioid receptor(MOR),noradrenaline,and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7(mGluR7)in modulating SRD responsiveness to pain stimuli are also discussed,as are the influences of SRD on different pain types.This review identified promising avenues for innovative analgesic treatments by shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies targeting SRD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the colon is a rare malignant tumor with an unclear pathogenesis.Its clinical presentation is similar to that of adenocarcinoma,and there are no standard treatment guidelines....BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the colon is a rare malignant tumor with an unclear pathogenesis.Its clinical presentation is similar to that of adenocarcinoma,and there are no standard treatment guidelines.Treatment for SCC of the colon is mainly based on the protocols for colon adenocarcinoma.In advanced stages,colon SCC is highly invasive,prone to distant metastasis,and has a worse prog-nosis than adenocarcinoma.Furthermore,pancreatic metastasis from colon SCC is even rarer.CASE SUMMARY The patient presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with SCC of the descending colon following colonoscopy.Preoperative examinations did not reveal any obvious metastasis to other organs,and the patient underwent laparo-scopic radical resection of the descending colon cancer.During surgery,suspi-cious metastases to the pancreatic body and tail,splenic vessels,and splenic hilum were found,leading to combined resection of the pancreatic body and tail along with the spleen.Postoperative pathology confirmed moderately to poorly diffe-rentiated SCC with nerve invasion.The patient developed postoperative compli-cations,including abdominal cavity infection,acute myocardial infarction,and deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs.Despite active symptomatic treatment and stabilization of the patient’s vital signs,the patient did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy due to an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 3.The patient passed away 3 months postoperatively due to multiple organ failure.CONCLUSION This case highlights the aggressive nature of colorectal SCC with atypical meta-stasis and underscores the necessity for multidisciplinary perioperative management.展开更多
BACKGROUND Descending thoracic aortic aneurysms are dangerous and have to be treated quickly.The primary treatment methods are thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)and open surgical repair(OSR).The comparative ef...BACKGROUND Descending thoracic aortic aneurysms are dangerous and have to be treated quickly.The primary treatment methods are thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)and open surgical repair(OSR).The comparative effectiveness and safety of TEVAR and OSR were evaluated in this meta-analysis,focusing on perioperative and long-term outcomes.AIM To compare and contrast the efficacy and safety of TEVAR vs OSR in the treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms.This study aims to assess both perioperative and long-term outcomes through a systematic review and metaanalysis.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane was conducted from inception to January 2025.Baseline characteristics and outcomes were evaluated.Odds ratios(OR)for dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were analyzed using random-effects models.RESULTS A meta-analysis of 21 studies involving 29465 patients(8261 TEVAR;21204 OR)showed TEVAR associated with lower operative mortality(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.42-0.85,P=0.004),shorter intensive care unit(-2.94 days,95%CI:-4.76 to-1.12,P=0.002)and hospital stays(-7.35 days,95%CI:-10.54 to-4.17,P<0.00001),and reduced rates of paraplegia(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.27-0.73,P=0.002),spinal ischemia(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.16-0.56,P=0.0002),renal failure(OR=0.29,95%CI:0.14-0.61,P=0.001),and wound infections(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.13-0.61,P=0.001).However,TEVAR had higher rates of vascular complications.No significant differences were noted in 1-year and 5-year mortality rates,the rate of non-elective surgery,neurological complications,or stroke rates.CONCLUSION Compared to EVAR,TEVAR revealed lower operative mortality and better perioperative outcomes across all indicators,including hospital and intensive care unit stays,as well as fewer complications,except for those related to vascular problems.Mortality results were also similar in the long run;consequently,more research is required concerning the long-term durability.展开更多
Neuropathic pain,often featuring allodynia,imposes significant physical and psychological burdens on patients,with limited treatments due to unclear central mechanisms.Addressing this challenge remains a crucial unsol...Neuropathic pain,often featuring allodynia,imposes significant physical and psychological burdens on patients,with limited treatments due to unclear central mechanisms.Addressing this challenge remains a crucial unsolved issue in pain medicine.Our previous study,using protein kinase C gamma(PKCγ)-tdTomato mice,highlights the spinal feedforward inhibitory circuit involving PKCγ neurons in gating neuropathic allodynia.However,the regulatory mechanisms governing this circuit necessitate further elucidation.We used diverse transgenic mice and advanced techniques to uncover the regulatory role of the descending serotonin(5-HT)facilitation system on spinal PKCγ neurons.Our findings revealed that 5-HT neurons from the rostral ventromedial medulla hyperpolarize spinal inhibitory interneurons via 5-HT_(2C) receptors,disinhibiting the feedforward inhibitory circuit involving PKCγ neurons and exacerbating allodynia.Inhibiting spinal 5-HT_(2C) receptors restored the feedforward inhibitory circuit,effectively preventing neuropathic allodynia.These insights offer promising therapeutic targets for neuropathic allodynia management,emphasizing the potential of spinal 5-HT_(2C) receptors as a novel avenue for intervention.展开更多
The dairy herd improvement data from Henan Province were analyzed statistically to establish screening criteria for relevant data, thereby laying a foundation for genetic evaluation of dairy cows. With the 2 152 451 t...The dairy herd improvement data from Henan Province were analyzed statistically to establish screening criteria for relevant data, thereby laying a foundation for genetic evaluation of dairy cows. With the 2 152 451 test-day records about 155 893 Chinese Holstein dairy cows collected by the Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center from January 2008 to April 2016, the dynamics of test times during a complete lactation, test interval during a complete lactation, days in milk （DIM） of first test-day record, daughter descendant number and herd number of bull, age at first calving and pedigree integrity rate among different years and different herd sizes were analyzed by MEANS order of SAS 9.4. In addition, the data that were applicable to genetic evaluation were screened by SQL program. The results showed that during 2008-2015, the number of cow individuals participating in DHI in Henan Province increased from 7 379 to 93 706; the test-day milk yield increased from 19.91 to 24.05 kg; the somatic cell count reduced from 411.09×10^3 to 277.08×10^3 cells/ml; the percentage of cows with DIM ranging from 5-305 d reached 70.92%; the average test times increased from 3.20 to 6.31 times; the test interval decreased from 70.22 to 33.83 d; the dairy cows with age at first calving of 25 months were dominant, accounting for 12.57%; the bulls whose daughter descendant number was 20 or more and the daughters were distributed in 10 or more farms accounted for 6.05%; the one-generation pedigree integrity rate was 82.54%; the percentage of data that could be used for genetic evaluation was screened as 20.67%, which was lower than the results of other similar studies.展开更多
Perioperative myocardial ischemia(PMI) is mainly caused by increasesin sympathetic nervous system activity due to stress,which results incoronary endothelial dysfunction,hence that it is hypothesized thatcaptopril may...Perioperative myocardial ischemia(PMI) is mainly caused by increasesin sympathetic nervous system activity due to stress,which results incoronary endothelial dysfunction,hence that it is hypothesized thatcaptopril may improve PMI.In our study,twenty mongrel dogs wererandomized for four groups;group Ⅰ:control,group Ⅱ:myocardialinfarction (MI) model,Group Ⅲ:MI+partial gastrectomy,group Ⅳ:MI+captopril+partial gastrectomy.Myocardial infarction wasproduced by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery exceptthe group Ⅰ.In the group Ⅲ and Ⅳ,the hemodynamics,plasmaendothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) on baseline,pre-andpostoperation were investigated two weeks after MI All animals werekilled by overdose anesthetic and their cardiac samples of non-infarction area taken for examining nitric oxide synthase (NOS)mRNA expression levels in vascular endothelial cells.Results:ingroup Ⅲ,the operation decreased the maximal rate of left ventricularpressure rise (LV+dP/dtmax),cardiac index (CI) and plasma No level,and increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP),time-course of isovolumic pressure fall (T constant),total peripheralresistance (TPR) and the levels of ET.In group Ⅳ,40 minutes afteradminstration of captopril,the TPR was decresed,and the t constantwas incresed significantly.The operation attenuated the TPR and Tconstant,but didn’t affect the other values.In situ hybridization it wasshowed that the expression levels of NOS mRNA was the highest ingroup Ⅰ,lower in groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ,and the lowest in group Ⅲ.Conclusions:1.Partial gastrectomy performed after myocardialinfarction may induce left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction,and may produce coronary endothelial dysfunction;2.captopril canimprove left ventricular dysfuction and endothelial dysfunctioninduced by noncardiac operation.展开更多
Based on a general theory of descendant trees of finite p-groups and the virtual periodicity isomorphisms between the branches of a coclass subtree, the behavior of algebraic invariants of the tree vertices and their ...Based on a general theory of descendant trees of finite p-groups and the virtual periodicity isomorphisms between the branches of a coclass subtree, the behavior of algebraic invariants of the tree vertices and their automorphism groups under these isomorphisms is described with simple transformation laws. For the tree of finite 3-groups with elementary bicyclic commutator qu-otient, the information content of each coclass subtree with metabelian main-line is shown to be finite. As a striking novelty in this paper, evidence is provided of co-periodicity isomorphisms between coclass forests which reduce the information content of the entire metabelian skeleton and a significant part of non-metabelian vertices to a finite amount of data.展开更多
Let p be a prime. For any finite p-group G, the deep transfers T H,G ' : H / H ' → G ' / G " from the maximal subgroups H of index (G:H) = p in G to the derived subgroup G ' are introduced as an ...Let p be a prime. For any finite p-group G, the deep transfers T H,G ' : H / H ' → G ' / G " from the maximal subgroups H of index (G:H) = p in G to the derived subgroup G ' are introduced as an innovative tool for identifying G uniquely by means of the family of kernels ùd(G) =(ker(T H,G ')) (G: H) = p. For all finite 3-groups G of coclass cc(G) = 1, the family ùd(G) is determined explicitly. The results are applied to the Galois groups G =Gal(F3 (∞)/ F) of the Hilbert 3-class towers of all real quadratic fields F = Q(√d) with fundamental discriminants d > 1, 3-class group Cl3(F) □ C3 × C3, and total 3-principalization in each of their four unramified cyclic cubic extensions E/F. A systematic statistical evaluation is given for the complete range 1 d 7, and a few exceptional cases are pointed out for 1 d 8.展开更多
Orpheus Descending is written by American famous playwright Tennessee Williams. According to the portrayal of a series marginalized people, this drama presents the solitude in human beings' heart and the estrangem...Orpheus Descending is written by American famous playwright Tennessee Williams. According to the portrayal of a series marginalized people, this drama presents the solitude in human beings' heart and the estrangement in interpersonal relations. This paper tries to analyze the solitude theme in this drama from philosophic aspect and realistic aspect, combining alienation theory and existentialism theory to analyze the reason and the manifestation of solitude.展开更多
Nociceptive signals conveyed to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by primary nociceptors are subject to extensive modulation by local neurons and by supraspinal descending pathways to the spinal cord before being rel...Nociceptive signals conveyed to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by primary nociceptors are subject to extensive modulation by local neurons and by supraspinal descending pathways to the spinal cord before being relayed to higher brain centers. Descending modulatory pathways to the spinal cord comprise,among others, noradrenergic, serotonergic, γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic, and dopaminergic fibers.The contributions of noradrenaline, serotonin, and GABA to pain modulation have been extensively investigated. In contrast, the contributions of dopamine to pain modulation remain poorly understood.The focus of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the contributions of dopamine to pain modulation. Hypothalamic A11 dopaminergic neurons project to all levels of the spinal cord and provide the main source of spinal dopamine. Dopamine receptors are expressed in primary nociceptors as well as in spinal neurons located in different laminae in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, suggesting that dopamine can modulate pain signals by acting at both presynaptic and postsynaptic targets. Here, I will review the literature on the effects of dopamine and dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists on the excitability of primary nociceptors, the effects of dopamine on the synaptic transmission between primary nociceptors and dorsal horn neurons, and the effects of dopamine on pain in rodents. Published data support both anti-nociceptive effects of dopamine mediated by D2-like receptors and pro-nociceptive effects mediated by D1-like receptors.展开更多
After the passage of a cold front, spring in northern China, the outbreak of strong wind is often accompanied by dust emissions. Through analyses of data in the atmospheric boundary layer during a typical case, it is ...After the passage of a cold front, spring in northern China, the outbreak of strong wind is often accompanied by dust emissions. Through analyses of data in the atmospheric boundary layer during a typical case, it is revealed there are rather regular gust wave packets superimposed on the basic strong wind flow. The gust-wind wave packets have a period equal to around 3 6 rains and possess coherent structure. As the vertical transport of momentum is decomposed into separate parts by （a） basic flow, （b） gust-wind, and （c） turbulence, they are all in a downwards direction at the lower levels of the atmospheric boundary layer during strong wind periods. However, （a） is the largest, while （b） and （c） are comparable. All these are very different from the case of normal weather. Besides, the friction velocity at the ground surface is also much larger than that of normal weather and should be corrected by taking the contributions of the basic flow and gust-wind into account.The strong basic flow with descending motion is very favorable for soil erosion and sand/dust emissions, but suppresses the entrainment of dust particles by keeping them within the bottom levels of the atmospheric boundary layer. Owing to the coherent structure of gust-wind, dust particles can effectively overcome the systematic descending air motion and penetrate into the middle and upper levels of the atmospheric boundary layer, and then propagate further and diffuse into the troposphere where ascending air motion prevails.展开更多
Background To investigate the effects of collateral coronary circulation on the outcome of the patients with anterior myocardial infarction （MI） with left anterior desending artery occlusion abruptly. Methods Data o...Background To investigate the effects of collateral coronary circulation on the outcome of the patients with anterior myocardial infarction （MI） with left anterior desending artery occlusion abruptly. Methods Data of 189 patients with acute anterior MI who had a primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in the first 12 h from the onset of symptoms between January 2004 and December 2008 were retrospective analyzed. Left anterior descending arteries （LAD） of all patients were occluded. LADs were reopened with primary PCI. According to the collateral circulation, all patients were classified to two groups： no collateral group （n = 111）, patients without angiographic collateral filling of LAD or side branches （collateral index 0） and collateral group （n = 78）, and patients with angiographic collateral filling of LAD or side branches （collateral index 1, 2 or 3）. At one year＇ s follow-up, the occurrence of death, reinfarctlon, stent thrombosis （ST）, target vessel revascularization and readmission because of heart failure were observed. Results At one year, the mortality was lower in patients with collateral circulation compared with those without collateral circulation （1% vs. 8%, P = 0.049）, whereas there Were no differences in the occurrence of reinfarction, ST, target vessel revascularization and readmission because of heart failure. The occurrence of composite of endpoint was lower in patients with collateral circulation compared with those without collateral circulation （12% vs. 26%; P = 0.014）. Conclusions Pre-exist collateral circulation may prefigure the satisfactory prognosis to the patients with acute anterior MI after primary PCI in the first 12 h of MI onset.展开更多
A high-resolution simulation tool for rotorcraft aerodynamics is developed by coupling CFD with a Vorticity Transport Model（VTM）. An Eulerian-based CFD module is used to model the blade near body flowfield, and a La...A high-resolution simulation tool for rotorcraft aerodynamics is developed by coupling CFD with a Vorticity Transport Model（VTM）. An Eulerian-based CFD module is used to model the blade near body flowfield, and a Lagrangian-based VTM module is employed for vortex tracking in the far wake. The coupling procedure is implemented by transmitting vortex sources to the VTM module and feeding boundary conditions back to the CFD module. The presented CFD/VTM hybrid solver is firstly validated by hover cases of three different rotor configurations. Simulation results, including the blade surface pressure distribution, rotor downwash, and hover figure of merit, exhibit favorable correlations with available experimental data. Then, a rotor operated in vertical descending flight with a fixed collective pitch is investigated. It is shown that the CFD/VTM coupling method is suitable for rotor wake simulation. Wake instabilities（far wake breakdown in hover and toroidal wake pattern in the vortex ring state） are successfully demonstrated with a moderate computational cost.展开更多
文摘Theoretical background and an implementation of the p-group generation algorithm by Newman and O’Brien are used to provide computational evidence of a new type of periodically repeating patterns in pruned descendant trees of finite p-groups.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171986)Science and Technology Creative Talents of the Special Fund Project of Harbin (RC2012XK002013)Overseas Scholars Research Funding Project of Education Department of Heilongjiang Province (1154h04)
文摘Four different rose hybrid populations were analyzed by ISSR technique with nine polymorphic primers. All of the primers produced 64 bands, of which 59 were polymorphic. The average of polymorphic bands was 6.6 for each primer. The percentage of polymorphism ranged from 57.1% to 100%, with an average of 92.3%. An UPGMA dendrogram showed five groups. The primer numbered with PI9 and PI11 had relatively high resolution in identifying the F1 offspring in this research.
文摘Based on a thorough theory of the Artin transfer homomorphism from a group G to the abelianization of a subgroup of finite index , and its connection with the permutation representation and the monomial representation of G, the Artin pattern , which consists of families , resp. , of transfer targets, resp. transfer kernels, is defined for the vertices of any descendant tree T of finite p-groups. It is endowed with partial order relations and , which are compatible with the parent-descendant relation of the edges of the tree T. The partial order enables termination criteria for the p-group generation algorithm which can be used for searching and identifying a finite p-group G, whose Artin pattern is known completely or at least partially, by constructing the descendant tree with the abelianization of G as its root. An appendix summarizes details concerning induced homomorphisms between quotient groups, which play a crucial role in establishing the natural partial order on Artin patterns and explaining the stabilization, resp. polarization, of their components in descendant trees T of finite p-groups.
文摘In 2021,the relatives of 16 international friends of China jointly sent a letter to Chinese President Xi Jinping,congratulating the Communist Party of China(CPC)on its 100th anniversary.These are the sons and daughters and family members of those who helped China in its times of need.Eric Foster,nephew of renowned U.S.journalist Helen Foster-Snow,was one of them.
文摘ON May 20,2025,eighteen descendants of British prisoners of war(POWs)rescued in the Lisbon Maru incident arrived on Dongji Island in east China’s Zhejiang Province,after a long transoceanic journey.They joined descendants of the local fishermen who had saved their ancestors 83 years ago,gathering to witness the unveiling of a memorial erected in honor of the fishermen’s extraordinary bravery.At its center,the memorial bears the inscription:“Love knows no boundaries;Friendship transcends time.”
基金funded by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82130122).
文摘The subnucleus reticularis dorsalis(SRD),also known as the dorsal reticular nucleus(DRt)or dorsal medullary reticular nucleus(MdD),which resides at the caudal end of the medulla,plays a pivotal role in regulating pain perception.Despite extensive research efforts to unravel its mechanisms,the operational intricacies of SRD remain poorly understood.Advances in experimental methodologies such as brain imaging and chemogenetics have facilitated deeper investigations into the involvement of SRD in various pain disorders.This comprehensive review aims to analyze 36 years(1989–2024)of preclinical research highlighting the critical role of SRD in diffuse noxious inhibitory control(DNIC),also known as conditioned pain modulation(CPM)in humans,and its interconnected neural circuits.Moreover,this review explores the neural circuits related to SRD,including locus coeruleus(LC)-SRD,parabrachial nucleus(PBN)-SRD,rostroventromedial medulla(RVM)-ventrolateral medulla(VLM)-SRD,anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)-SRD,medial medullary reticular formation(mMRF)-SRD,and dorsal striatum(DS)-SRD.Their activation also plays a significant role in analgesia.The pivotal roles of neurotransmitters such asμ-opioid receptor(MOR),noradrenaline,and metabotropic glutamate receptor 7(mGluR7)in modulating SRD responsiveness to pain stimuli are also discussed,as are the influences of SRD on different pain types.This review identified promising avenues for innovative analgesic treatments by shedding light on potential therapeutic strategies targeting SRD.
文摘BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)of the colon is a rare malignant tumor with an unclear pathogenesis.Its clinical presentation is similar to that of adenocarcinoma,and there are no standard treatment guidelines.Treatment for SCC of the colon is mainly based on the protocols for colon adenocarcinoma.In advanced stages,colon SCC is highly invasive,prone to distant metastasis,and has a worse prog-nosis than adenocarcinoma.Furthermore,pancreatic metastasis from colon SCC is even rarer.CASE SUMMARY The patient presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with SCC of the descending colon following colonoscopy.Preoperative examinations did not reveal any obvious metastasis to other organs,and the patient underwent laparo-scopic radical resection of the descending colon cancer.During surgery,suspi-cious metastases to the pancreatic body and tail,splenic vessels,and splenic hilum were found,leading to combined resection of the pancreatic body and tail along with the spleen.Postoperative pathology confirmed moderately to poorly diffe-rentiated SCC with nerve invasion.The patient developed postoperative compli-cations,including abdominal cavity infection,acute myocardial infarction,and deep vein thrombosis in the lower limbs.Despite active symptomatic treatment and stabilization of the patient’s vital signs,the patient did not undergo adjuvant chemotherapy due to an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 3.The patient passed away 3 months postoperatively due to multiple organ failure.CONCLUSION This case highlights the aggressive nature of colorectal SCC with atypical meta-stasis and underscores the necessity for multidisciplinary perioperative management.
文摘BACKGROUND Descending thoracic aortic aneurysms are dangerous and have to be treated quickly.The primary treatment methods are thoracic endovascular aortic repair(TEVAR)and open surgical repair(OSR).The comparative effectiveness and safety of TEVAR and OSR were evaluated in this meta-analysis,focusing on perioperative and long-term outcomes.AIM To compare and contrast the efficacy and safety of TEVAR vs OSR in the treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms.This study aims to assess both perioperative and long-term outcomes through a systematic review and metaanalysis.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane was conducted from inception to January 2025.Baseline characteristics and outcomes were evaluated.Odds ratios(OR)for dichotomous data and mean differences for continuous data with 95%confidence intervals(CI)were analyzed using random-effects models.RESULTS A meta-analysis of 21 studies involving 29465 patients(8261 TEVAR;21204 OR)showed TEVAR associated with lower operative mortality(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.42-0.85,P=0.004),shorter intensive care unit(-2.94 days,95%CI:-4.76 to-1.12,P=0.002)and hospital stays(-7.35 days,95%CI:-10.54 to-4.17,P<0.00001),and reduced rates of paraplegia(OR=0.44,95%CI:0.27-0.73,P=0.002),spinal ischemia(OR=0.30,95%CI:0.16-0.56,P=0.0002),renal failure(OR=0.29,95%CI:0.14-0.61,P=0.001),and wound infections(OR=0.28,95%CI:0.13-0.61,P=0.001).However,TEVAR had higher rates of vascular complications.No significant differences were noted in 1-year and 5-year mortality rates,the rate of non-elective surgery,neurological complications,or stroke rates.CONCLUSION Compared to EVAR,TEVAR revealed lower operative mortality and better perioperative outcomes across all indicators,including hospital and intensive care unit stays,as well as fewer complications,except for those related to vascular problems.Mortality results were also similar in the long run;consequently,more research is required concerning the long-term durability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81971058,82371226,82101295,82301398)the National Funded Postdoctoral Researcher Program(GZC20233585)The Boost Plan of Xijing Hospital(XJZT24QN25,XJZT25CX22).
文摘Neuropathic pain,often featuring allodynia,imposes significant physical and psychological burdens on patients,with limited treatments due to unclear central mechanisms.Addressing this challenge remains a crucial unsolved issue in pain medicine.Our previous study,using protein kinase C gamma(PKCγ)-tdTomato mice,highlights the spinal feedforward inhibitory circuit involving PKCγ neurons in gating neuropathic allodynia.However,the regulatory mechanisms governing this circuit necessitate further elucidation.We used diverse transgenic mice and advanced techniques to uncover the regulatory role of the descending serotonin(5-HT)facilitation system on spinal PKCγ neurons.Our findings revealed that 5-HT neurons from the rostral ventromedial medulla hyperpolarize spinal inhibitory interneurons via 5-HT_(2C) receptors,disinhibiting the feedforward inhibitory circuit involving PKCγ neurons and exacerbating allodynia.Inhibiting spinal 5-HT_(2C) receptors restored the feedforward inhibitory circuit,effectively preventing neuropathic allodynia.These insights offer promising therapeutic targets for neuropathic allodynia management,emphasizing the potential of spinal 5-HT_(2C) receptors as a novel avenue for intervention.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Open Cooperation Project of Henan Province(162106000017)Science and Technology People-benefiting Plan Project of Henan Province(152207110004)Puyang Science and Technology Plan Project(150109)~~
文摘The dairy herd improvement data from Henan Province were analyzed statistically to establish screening criteria for relevant data, thereby laying a foundation for genetic evaluation of dairy cows. With the 2 152 451 test-day records about 155 893 Chinese Holstein dairy cows collected by the Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center from January 2008 to April 2016, the dynamics of test times during a complete lactation, test interval during a complete lactation, days in milk （DIM） of first test-day record, daughter descendant number and herd number of bull, age at first calving and pedigree integrity rate among different years and different herd sizes were analyzed by MEANS order of SAS 9.4. In addition, the data that were applicable to genetic evaluation were screened by SQL program. The results showed that during 2008-2015, the number of cow individuals participating in DHI in Henan Province increased from 7 379 to 93 706; the test-day milk yield increased from 19.91 to 24.05 kg; the somatic cell count reduced from 411.09×10^3 to 277.08×10^3 cells/ml; the percentage of cows with DIM ranging from 5-305 d reached 70.92%; the average test times increased from 3.20 to 6.31 times; the test interval decreased from 70.22 to 33.83 d; the dairy cows with age at first calving of 25 months were dominant, accounting for 12.57%; the bulls whose daughter descendant number was 20 or more and the daughters were distributed in 10 or more farms accounted for 6.05%; the one-generation pedigree integrity rate was 82.54%; the percentage of data that could be used for genetic evaluation was screened as 20.67%, which was lower than the results of other similar studies.
文摘Perioperative myocardial ischemia(PMI) is mainly caused by increasesin sympathetic nervous system activity due to stress,which results incoronary endothelial dysfunction,hence that it is hypothesized thatcaptopril may improve PMI.In our study,twenty mongrel dogs wererandomized for four groups;group Ⅰ:control,group Ⅱ:myocardialinfarction (MI) model,Group Ⅲ:MI+partial gastrectomy,group Ⅳ:MI+captopril+partial gastrectomy.Myocardial infarction wasproduced by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery exceptthe group Ⅰ.In the group Ⅲ and Ⅳ,the hemodynamics,plasmaendothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) on baseline,pre-andpostoperation were investigated two weeks after MI All animals werekilled by overdose anesthetic and their cardiac samples of non-infarction area taken for examining nitric oxide synthase (NOS)mRNA expression levels in vascular endothelial cells.Results:ingroup Ⅲ,the operation decreased the maximal rate of left ventricularpressure rise (LV+dP/dtmax),cardiac index (CI) and plasma No level,and increased left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP),time-course of isovolumic pressure fall (T constant),total peripheralresistance (TPR) and the levels of ET.In group Ⅳ,40 minutes afteradminstration of captopril,the TPR was decresed,and the t constantwas incresed significantly.The operation attenuated the TPR and Tconstant,but didn’t affect the other values.In situ hybridization it wasshowed that the expression levels of NOS mRNA was the highest ingroup Ⅰ,lower in groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ,and the lowest in group Ⅲ.Conclusions:1.Partial gastrectomy performed after myocardialinfarction may induce left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction,and may produce coronary endothelial dysfunction;2.captopril canimprove left ventricular dysfuction and endothelial dysfunctioninduced by noncardiac operation.
文摘Based on a general theory of descendant trees of finite p-groups and the virtual periodicity isomorphisms between the branches of a coclass subtree, the behavior of algebraic invariants of the tree vertices and their automorphism groups under these isomorphisms is described with simple transformation laws. For the tree of finite 3-groups with elementary bicyclic commutator qu-otient, the information content of each coclass subtree with metabelian main-line is shown to be finite. As a striking novelty in this paper, evidence is provided of co-periodicity isomorphisms between coclass forests which reduce the information content of the entire metabelian skeleton and a significant part of non-metabelian vertices to a finite amount of data.
文摘Let p be a prime. For any finite p-group G, the deep transfers T H,G ' : H / H ' → G ' / G " from the maximal subgroups H of index (G:H) = p in G to the derived subgroup G ' are introduced as an innovative tool for identifying G uniquely by means of the family of kernels ùd(G) =(ker(T H,G ')) (G: H) = p. For all finite 3-groups G of coclass cc(G) = 1, the family ùd(G) is determined explicitly. The results are applied to the Galois groups G =Gal(F3 (∞)/ F) of the Hilbert 3-class towers of all real quadratic fields F = Q(√d) with fundamental discriminants d > 1, 3-class group Cl3(F) □ C3 × C3, and total 3-principalization in each of their four unramified cyclic cubic extensions E/F. A systematic statistical evaluation is given for the complete range 1 d 7, and a few exceptional cases are pointed out for 1 d 8.
文摘Orpheus Descending is written by American famous playwright Tennessee Williams. According to the portrayal of a series marginalized people, this drama presents the solitude in human beings' heart and the estrangement in interpersonal relations. This paper tries to analyze the solitude theme in this drama from philosophic aspect and realistic aspect, combining alienation theory and existentialism theory to analyze the reason and the manifestation of solitude.
基金supported by internal funds to MP from the Department of Anesthesiology,Stony Brook Medicine,USA
文摘Nociceptive signals conveyed to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by primary nociceptors are subject to extensive modulation by local neurons and by supraspinal descending pathways to the spinal cord before being relayed to higher brain centers. Descending modulatory pathways to the spinal cord comprise,among others, noradrenergic, serotonergic, γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic, and dopaminergic fibers.The contributions of noradrenaline, serotonin, and GABA to pain modulation have been extensively investigated. In contrast, the contributions of dopamine to pain modulation remain poorly understood.The focus of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the contributions of dopamine to pain modulation. Hypothalamic A11 dopaminergic neurons project to all levels of the spinal cord and provide the main source of spinal dopamine. Dopamine receptors are expressed in primary nociceptors as well as in spinal neurons located in different laminae in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, suggesting that dopamine can modulate pain signals by acting at both presynaptic and postsynaptic targets. Here, I will review the literature on the effects of dopamine and dopamine receptor agonists/antagonists on the excitability of primary nociceptors, the effects of dopamine on the synaptic transmission between primary nociceptors and dorsal horn neurons, and the effects of dopamine on pain in rodents. Published data support both anti-nociceptive effects of dopamine mediated by D2-like receptors and pro-nociceptive effects mediated by D1-like receptors.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40830103, 40775018, 40875008 and 40605006the science plan in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW210)+2 种基金Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.YZ200708through special finance from the China Meteorological Administration(GYHY200706034)the Urban Meteorological Research Foundation (UMRF200810)
文摘After the passage of a cold front, spring in northern China, the outbreak of strong wind is often accompanied by dust emissions. Through analyses of data in the atmospheric boundary layer during a typical case, it is revealed there are rather regular gust wave packets superimposed on the basic strong wind flow. The gust-wind wave packets have a period equal to around 3 6 rains and possess coherent structure. As the vertical transport of momentum is decomposed into separate parts by （a） basic flow, （b） gust-wind, and （c） turbulence, they are all in a downwards direction at the lower levels of the atmospheric boundary layer during strong wind periods. However, （a） is the largest, while （b） and （c） are comparable. All these are very different from the case of normal weather. Besides, the friction velocity at the ground surface is also much larger than that of normal weather and should be corrected by taking the contributions of the basic flow and gust-wind into account.The strong basic flow with descending motion is very favorable for soil erosion and sand/dust emissions, but suppresses the entrainment of dust particles by keeping them within the bottom levels of the atmospheric boundary layer. Owing to the coherent structure of gust-wind, dust particles can effectively overcome the systematic descending air motion and penetrate into the middle and upper levels of the atmospheric boundary layer, and then propagate further and diffuse into the troposphere where ascending air motion prevails.
文摘Background To investigate the effects of collateral coronary circulation on the outcome of the patients with anterior myocardial infarction （MI） with left anterior desending artery occlusion abruptly. Methods Data of 189 patients with acute anterior MI who had a primary percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） in the first 12 h from the onset of symptoms between January 2004 and December 2008 were retrospective analyzed. Left anterior descending arteries （LAD） of all patients were occluded. LADs were reopened with primary PCI. According to the collateral circulation, all patients were classified to two groups： no collateral group （n = 111）, patients without angiographic collateral filling of LAD or side branches （collateral index 0） and collateral group （n = 78）, and patients with angiographic collateral filling of LAD or side branches （collateral index 1, 2 or 3）. At one year＇ s follow-up, the occurrence of death, reinfarctlon, stent thrombosis （ST）, target vessel revascularization and readmission because of heart failure were observed. Results At one year, the mortality was lower in patients with collateral circulation compared with those without collateral circulation （1% vs. 8%, P = 0.049）, whereas there Were no differences in the occurrence of reinfarction, ST, target vessel revascularization and readmission because of heart failure. The occurrence of composite of endpoint was lower in patients with collateral circulation compared with those without collateral circulation （12% vs. 26%; P = 0.014）. Conclusions Pre-exist collateral circulation may prefigure the satisfactory prognosis to the patients with acute anterior MI after primary PCI in the first 12 h of MI onset.
基金co-supported by the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education of China(No.KYLX16_0389)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘A high-resolution simulation tool for rotorcraft aerodynamics is developed by coupling CFD with a Vorticity Transport Model（VTM）. An Eulerian-based CFD module is used to model the blade near body flowfield, and a Lagrangian-based VTM module is employed for vortex tracking in the far wake. The coupling procedure is implemented by transmitting vortex sources to the VTM module and feeding boundary conditions back to the CFD module. The presented CFD/VTM hybrid solver is firstly validated by hover cases of three different rotor configurations. Simulation results, including the blade surface pressure distribution, rotor downwash, and hover figure of merit, exhibit favorable correlations with available experimental data. Then, a rotor operated in vertical descending flight with a fixed collective pitch is investigated. It is shown that the CFD/VTM coupling method is suitable for rotor wake simulation. Wake instabilities（far wake breakdown in hover and toroidal wake pattern in the vortex ring state） are successfully demonstrated with a moderate computational cost.
