The rice cultivars carrying dep1(dense and erect panicle 1)have the potential to achieve both high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have focused on the agronomic and physiological ...The rice cultivars carrying dep1(dense and erect panicle 1)have the potential to achieve both high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have focused on the agronomic and physiological performance of those cultivars associated with high yield and high NUE under field conditions.Therefore,we evaluated the yield performance and NUE of two near-isogenic lines(NILs)carrying DEP1(NIL-DEP1)and dep1-1(NIL-dep1)genes under the Nanjing 6 background at 0 and 120 kg N ha^(–1).Grain yield and NUE for grain production(NUEg)were 25.5 and 21.9%higher in NIL-dep1 compared to NIL-DEP1 averaged across N treatments and planting years,respectively.The yield advantage of NIL-dep1 over NIL-DEP1 was mainly due to larger sink size(i.e.,higher total spikelet number),grainfilling percentage,total dry matter production,and harvest index.N utilization rather than N uptake contributed to the high yield of NIL-dep1.Significantly higher NUEg in NIL-dep1 was associated with higher N and dry matter translocation efficiency,lower leaf and stem N concentration at maturity,and higher glutamine synthetase(GS)activity in leaves.In conclusion,dep1 improved grain yield and NUE by increasing N and dry matter transport due to higher leaf GS activity under field conditions during the grain-filling period.展开更多
Grain weight and grain number are two important traits directly determining grain yield in rice. To date,a lot of genes related to grain weight and grain number have been identified; however, the regulatory mechanism ...Grain weight and grain number are two important traits directly determining grain yield in rice. To date,a lot of genes related to grain weight and grain number have been identified; however, the regulatory mechanism underlying these genes remains largely unknown. In this study, we studied the biological function of OsSPL18 during grain and panicle development in rice. Knockout (KO) mutants of OsSPL18exhibited reduced grain width and thickness, panicle length and grain number, but increased tiller number. Cytological analysis showed that OsSPL18 regulates the development of spikelet hulls by affecting cell proliferation. qRT-PCR and GUS staining analyses showed that OsSPL18 was highly expressed in developing young panicles and young spikelet hulls, in agreement with its function in regulating grain and panicle development. Transcriptional activation experiments indicated that OsSPL18is a functional transcription factor with activation domains in both the N-terminus and C-terminus, and both activation domains are indispensable for its biological functions. Quantitative expression analysis showed that DEP1, a major grain number regulator, was significantly down-regulated in OsSPL18 KO lines.Both yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase (LUC) assays showed that OsSPL18 could bind to the DEP1promoter, suggesting that OsSPL18 regulates panicle development by positively regulating the expression of DEP1. Sequence analysis showed that OsSPL18 contains the OsmiR156k complementary sequence in the third exon; 5?RLM-RACE experiments indicated that OsSPL18 could be cleaved by OsmiR156k. Taken together, our results uncovered a new OsmiR156k-OsSPL18-DEP1 pathway regulating grain number in rice.展开更多
Rice yield is an important and complex agronomic trait controlled by multiple genes.In recent decades,dozens of yield-associated genes in rice have been cloned,many of which can increase production in the form of loss...Rice yield is an important and complex agronomic trait controlled by multiple genes.In recent decades,dozens of yield-associated genes in rice have been cloned,many of which can increase production in the form of loss or degeneration of function.However,mutations occurring randomly under natural conditions have provided very limited genetic resources for yield increases.In this study,potentially yield-increasing alleles of two genes closely associated with yield were edited artificially.The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9system was used to edit two yield genes:Grain number 1a(Gn1a)and DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE1(DEP1).Several mutants were identified by a target sequence analysis.Phenotypic analysis confirmed one mutant allele of Gn1a and three of DEP1 conferring yield superior to that conferred by other natural high-yield alleles.Our results demonstrate that favorable alleles of the Gnla and DEP1 genes,which are considered key factors in rice yield increases,could be developed by artificial mutagenesis using genome editing technology.展开更多
The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality,especially grain appearance.The erect-panicle(EP)trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in hi...The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality,especially grain appearance.The erect-panicle(EP)trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in high-yielding japonica rice breeding,but usually accompanied with moderate appearance of milled rice.The null gs9 allele shows a good potential for improving grain shape and appearance.However,GS9 and qPE9-1/DEP1 loci are tightly linked,and their interaction is unclear,which obviously restricts their utilization in modern rice breeding.In the present study,comparative analyses of protein and mRNA levels revealed that GS9 and qPE9-1 function independently.Three nearisogenic lines(NILs)carrying various allelic combinations of these two loci,NIL(gs9/qpe9-1),NIL(GS9/qPE9-1)and NIL(gs9/qPE9-1),in the EP japonica cultivar 2661(GS9/qpe9-1)background were developed for genetic interaction analysis.GS9 and qPE9-1 had additive effects on determining grain size,and the null gs9 allele could decrease grain chalkiness and improve grain appearance without affecting plant and panicle architecture in EP japonica cultivars.Additionally,introgression lines(ILs)developed in another released EP japonica cultivar Wuyujing 27(WYJ27)background showed the same additive effect and the feasibility of utilizing the gs9 allele to improve grain appearance quality in high-yielding EP cultivars.This study provides an effective strategy for rice breeders to improve rice grain appearance in EP japonica and related cultivars.展开更多
Over the past 30 years,super rice played an important role in boosting rice yield.The phenotype of erect panicle(EP)architecture controlled by dense and erect panicle 1(dep1)is the typical characteristic of super rice...Over the past 30 years,super rice played an important role in boosting rice yield.The phenotype of erect panicle(EP)architecture controlled by dense and erect panicle 1(dep1)is the typical characteristic of super rice,and the phenotype has been used in rice breeding for nearly a century.In this review,the molecular genetic basis of EP phenotype,and mechanism of how dep1 affects rice carbon,nitrogen metabolism and grain quality(grain shape and taste quality)were discussed.In addition,we discussed the possible improvement strategies of rice yield and quality.This review provides a quick overview of the whole process for rice quality formation,as well as suggestions and ideas for future research on rice quality improvement.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071948)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2662020ZKPY015)the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China(2022GXNSFAA035488)。
文摘The rice cultivars carrying dep1(dense and erect panicle 1)have the potential to achieve both high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have focused on the agronomic and physiological performance of those cultivars associated with high yield and high NUE under field conditions.Therefore,we evaluated the yield performance and NUE of two near-isogenic lines(NILs)carrying DEP1(NIL-DEP1)and dep1-1(NIL-dep1)genes under the Nanjing 6 background at 0 and 120 kg N ha^(–1).Grain yield and NUE for grain production(NUEg)were 25.5 and 21.9%higher in NIL-dep1 compared to NIL-DEP1 averaged across N treatments and planting years,respectively.The yield advantage of NIL-dep1 over NIL-DEP1 was mainly due to larger sink size(i.e.,higher total spikelet number),grainfilling percentage,total dry matter production,and harvest index.N utilization rather than N uptake contributed to the high yield of NIL-dep1.Significantly higher NUEg in NIL-dep1 was associated with higher N and dry matter translocation efficiency,lower leaf and stem N concentration at maturity,and higher glutamine synthetase(GS)activity in leaves.In conclusion,dep1 improved grain yield and NUE by increasing N and dry matter transport due to higher leaf GS activity under field conditions during the grain-filling period.
基金supported by funds from the Rice Molecular Design Breeding (2016YFD0101801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91535102 and 31771760)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice (2016KF09)
文摘Grain weight and grain number are two important traits directly determining grain yield in rice. To date,a lot of genes related to grain weight and grain number have been identified; however, the regulatory mechanism underlying these genes remains largely unknown. In this study, we studied the biological function of OsSPL18 during grain and panicle development in rice. Knockout (KO) mutants of OsSPL18exhibited reduced grain width and thickness, panicle length and grain number, but increased tiller number. Cytological analysis showed that OsSPL18 regulates the development of spikelet hulls by affecting cell proliferation. qRT-PCR and GUS staining analyses showed that OsSPL18 was highly expressed in developing young panicles and young spikelet hulls, in agreement with its function in regulating grain and panicle development. Transcriptional activation experiments indicated that OsSPL18is a functional transcription factor with activation domains in both the N-terminus and C-terminus, and both activation domains are indispensable for its biological functions. Quantitative expression analysis showed that DEP1, a major grain number regulator, was significantly down-regulated in OsSPL18 KO lines.Both yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase (LUC) assays showed that OsSPL18 could bind to the DEP1promoter, suggesting that OsSPL18 regulates panicle development by positively regulating the expression of DEP1. Sequence analysis showed that OsSPL18 contains the OsmiR156k complementary sequence in the third exon; 5?RLM-RACE experiments indicated that OsSPL18 could be cleaved by OsmiR156k. Taken together, our results uncovered a new OsmiR156k-OsSPL18-DEP1 pathway regulating grain number in rice.
基金the Department of Sciences and Technology of Yunnan Province (2016BB001)the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB835200)a Key Grant of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department (2013GA004)
文摘Rice yield is an important and complex agronomic trait controlled by multiple genes.In recent decades,dozens of yield-associated genes in rice have been cloned,many of which can increase production in the form of loss or degeneration of function.However,mutations occurring randomly under natural conditions have provided very limited genetic resources for yield increases.In this study,potentially yield-increasing alleles of two genes closely associated with yield were edited artificially.The recently developed CRISPR/Cas9system was used to edit two yield genes:Grain number 1a(Gn1a)and DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE1(DEP1).Several mutants were identified by a target sequence analysis.Phenotypic analysis confirmed one mutant allele of Gn1a and three of DEP1 conferring yield superior to that conferred by other natural high-yield alleles.Our results demonstrate that favorable alleles of the Gnla and DEP1 genes,which are considered key factors in rice yield increases,could be developed by artificial mutagenesis using genome editing technology.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971914)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100501)+3 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province,China(BE2018357)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20200045)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(18)1001)the Jiangsu PAPD Talent Project,and the Yong Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(2018QNRC001).
文摘The panicle architecture and grain size of rice affect not only grain yield but also grain quality,especially grain appearance.The erect-panicle(EP)trait controlled by the qpe9-1/dep1 allele has been widely used in high-yielding japonica rice breeding,but usually accompanied with moderate appearance of milled rice.The null gs9 allele shows a good potential for improving grain shape and appearance.However,GS9 and qPE9-1/DEP1 loci are tightly linked,and their interaction is unclear,which obviously restricts their utilization in modern rice breeding.In the present study,comparative analyses of protein and mRNA levels revealed that GS9 and qPE9-1 function independently.Three nearisogenic lines(NILs)carrying various allelic combinations of these two loci,NIL(gs9/qpe9-1),NIL(GS9/qPE9-1)and NIL(gs9/qPE9-1),in the EP japonica cultivar 2661(GS9/qpe9-1)background were developed for genetic interaction analysis.GS9 and qPE9-1 had additive effects on determining grain size,and the null gs9 allele could decrease grain chalkiness and improve grain appearance without affecting plant and panicle architecture in EP japonica cultivars.Additionally,introgression lines(ILs)developed in another released EP japonica cultivar Wuyujing 27(WYJ27)background showed the same additive effect and the feasibility of utilizing the gs9 allele to improve grain appearance quality in high-yielding EP cultivars.This study provides an effective strategy for rice breeders to improve rice grain appearance in EP japonica and related cultivars.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFD0300504)Liaoning Revitalization Talent Program of China(Grant No.XLYC1807233).
文摘Over the past 30 years,super rice played an important role in boosting rice yield.The phenotype of erect panicle(EP)architecture controlled by dense and erect panicle 1(dep1)is the typical characteristic of super rice,and the phenotype has been used in rice breeding for nearly a century.In this review,the molecular genetic basis of EP phenotype,and mechanism of how dep1 affects rice carbon,nitrogen metabolism and grain quality(grain shape and taste quality)were discussed.In addition,we discussed the possible improvement strategies of rice yield and quality.This review provides a quick overview of the whole process for rice quality formation,as well as suggestions and ideas for future research on rice quality improvement.
文摘目的通过探讨含DEP结构域的蛋白质1(DEP domain containing 1,DEPDC1)在子宫内膜癌(Endometrial cancer,EC)组织中的表达,阐明其对EC诊断和预后的意义。方法利用UALCAN在线分析工具分析DEPDC1 mRNA在EC中的表达以及与临床病理特征的相关性。利用人类蛋白质表达图谱(The human protein atlas,HPA)数据库分析DEPDC1蛋白在EC中的表达。Kaplan-Meier Plotter用于分析DEPDC1表达与EC预后的关系。采用STRING和Metascape在线分析工具探索DEPDC1相互作用蛋白网络以及功能富集。结果DEPDC1的mRNA和蛋白水平在EC中的表达高于正常子宫内膜组织,DEPDC1基因的表达与人种、肿瘤分期、组织亚型以及TP53突变状态相关。DEPDC1的高表达与EC的不良预后相关。与DEPDC1相互作用的蛋白富集于有丝分裂、微管相关运动等生物学进程。结论DEPDC1可能与EC的恶性表型和进展有关,可能作为EC潜在的诊断标志物和治疗靶点。
