Rock shed is an effective protection measure against rockfall.To investigate the influences of falling rock’s shape and impact angle on the impact effect of the cushioned rock shed,a modeling approach for a rock shed...Rock shed is an effective protection measure against rockfall.To investigate the influences of falling rock’s shape and impact angle on the impact effect of the cushioned rock shed,a modeling approach for a rock shed with a cushion layer using PFC-FLAC.The granular cushion is modeled as an aggregate of discrete non-cohesion particles,while the concrete plate and the beam are modeled as zones.The falling rock with different sphericities and impact angles is modeled as a rigid assembly.The numerical model is validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental and numerical results from previous literature.This model is applied to analyze the effects of rock shape and impact angle on the dynamic interaction effects between falling rock and cushioned rock shed,including the impact force,transmitted bottom force,penetration depth,and plate deflection.The numerical results show that the variation in the falling rock’s shape has different effects on the falling rock with different impact angles.These findings could support rock shed design by revealing the limitations of the assumptions in the past research,which may result in unsafe rock sheds for some rockfall cases.展开更多
三轴试验离散元模拟是探究砂土等岩土材料变形破坏机制的一种重要手段,合理地模拟侧向边界是三轴试验离散元模拟的一个重要环节。基于有限差分法(finite difference method,简称FDM)-离散元法(discrete element method,简称DEM)FDM-DEM...三轴试验离散元模拟是探究砂土等岩土材料变形破坏机制的一种重要手段,合理地模拟侧向边界是三轴试验离散元模拟的一个重要环节。基于有限差分法(finite difference method,简称FDM)-离散元法(discrete element method,简称DEM)FDM-DEM耦合开展了柔性侧向边界条件下砂土三轴固结排水和不排水试验的数值模拟,并与相应的刚性侧向边界三轴数值试验进行了对比分析。结果表明:相比刚性侧向边界,基于FDM-DEM耦合的柔性侧向边界三轴试验能更好地再现室内砂土三轴试样的宏观力学响应和微观颗粒运动学特征;对于所模拟的砂土三轴固结排水试验,柔性侧向边界试样峰值强度后的应变软化和剪胀性明显弱于刚性侧向边界试样;对于所模拟的砂土三轴固结不排水试验,当轴向应变较大时,柔性侧向边界试样的偏应力小于刚性侧向边界试样,且产生绝对值较小的负孔压;三轴固结不排水试验中,当轴向应变较大时,柔性侧向边界对试样的约束和支撑作用弱于刚性侧向边界,其力链的稳定性较低,力链屈曲数较多,剪切带形成较早,故其各向异性和偏应力均较低。展开更多
通过建立路基离散元模型和土工格室有限差分模型,开展了一系列有限差分法-离散元法(finite difference method-discrete element method,简称FDM-DEM)耦合数值计算,探明了土工格室加筋路基在振动荷载作用下的压实行为。进一步揭示了土...通过建立路基离散元模型和土工格室有限差分模型,开展了一系列有限差分法-离散元法(finite difference method-discrete element method,简称FDM-DEM)耦合数值计算,探明了土工格室加筋路基在振动荷载作用下的压实行为。进一步揭示了土工格室对路基压实后水平残余应力的贡献,并在此基础上,提出了土工格室加筋路基的预应力效应,以体现施工期格室填料在经历加载并卸载后引起的格室撑阔对加筋效果的提升。结合微观接触组构、配位数变化、压实过程的应力路径,探讨土工格室加筋路基预应力效应的形成机制。研究结果表明,相较于未加筋路基,土工格室可以提高加筋路基的回弹模量,增加压实路基的水平残余应力。在振动荷载作用下,土工格室呈现上开口的喇叭形,土工格室口袋被撑阔,格室壁的最大应变为0.17%~0.21%。接触力分布也表明,在振动压实作用后,力链由竖直向水平方向发展,这体现在水平残余应力的增加,而土工格室则进一步提升了颗粒的横向接触力。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41941017 and U1702241).
文摘Rock shed is an effective protection measure against rockfall.To investigate the influences of falling rock’s shape and impact angle on the impact effect of the cushioned rock shed,a modeling approach for a rock shed with a cushion layer using PFC-FLAC.The granular cushion is modeled as an aggregate of discrete non-cohesion particles,while the concrete plate and the beam are modeled as zones.The falling rock with different sphericities and impact angles is modeled as a rigid assembly.The numerical model is validated by comparing the simulation results with experimental and numerical results from previous literature.This model is applied to analyze the effects of rock shape and impact angle on the dynamic interaction effects between falling rock and cushioned rock shed,including the impact force,transmitted bottom force,penetration depth,and plate deflection.The numerical results show that the variation in the falling rock’s shape has different effects on the falling rock with different impact angles.These findings could support rock shed design by revealing the limitations of the assumptions in the past research,which may result in unsafe rock sheds for some rockfall cases.
文摘三轴试验离散元模拟是探究砂土等岩土材料变形破坏机制的一种重要手段,合理地模拟侧向边界是三轴试验离散元模拟的一个重要环节。基于有限差分法(finite difference method,简称FDM)-离散元法(discrete element method,简称DEM)FDM-DEM耦合开展了柔性侧向边界条件下砂土三轴固结排水和不排水试验的数值模拟,并与相应的刚性侧向边界三轴数值试验进行了对比分析。结果表明:相比刚性侧向边界,基于FDM-DEM耦合的柔性侧向边界三轴试验能更好地再现室内砂土三轴试样的宏观力学响应和微观颗粒运动学特征;对于所模拟的砂土三轴固结排水试验,柔性侧向边界试样峰值强度后的应变软化和剪胀性明显弱于刚性侧向边界试样;对于所模拟的砂土三轴固结不排水试验,当轴向应变较大时,柔性侧向边界试样的偏应力小于刚性侧向边界试样,且产生绝对值较小的负孔压;三轴固结不排水试验中,当轴向应变较大时,柔性侧向边界对试样的约束和支撑作用弱于刚性侧向边界,其力链的稳定性较低,力链屈曲数较多,剪切带形成较早,故其各向异性和偏应力均较低。
文摘通过建立路基离散元模型和土工格室有限差分模型,开展了一系列有限差分法-离散元法(finite difference method-discrete element method,简称FDM-DEM)耦合数值计算,探明了土工格室加筋路基在振动荷载作用下的压实行为。进一步揭示了土工格室对路基压实后水平残余应力的贡献,并在此基础上,提出了土工格室加筋路基的预应力效应,以体现施工期格室填料在经历加载并卸载后引起的格室撑阔对加筋效果的提升。结合微观接触组构、配位数变化、压实过程的应力路径,探讨土工格室加筋路基预应力效应的形成机制。研究结果表明,相较于未加筋路基,土工格室可以提高加筋路基的回弹模量,增加压实路基的水平残余应力。在振动荷载作用下,土工格室呈现上开口的喇叭形,土工格室口袋被撑阔,格室壁的最大应变为0.17%~0.21%。接触力分布也表明,在振动压实作用后,力链由竖直向水平方向发展,这体现在水平残余应力的增加,而土工格室则进一步提升了颗粒的横向接触力。
