Since the reform and opening up,China has undergone a rapid economic development;by the end of 2010,China has overtaken Japan to become the world’s second largest economy only after the U.S.As China’s total economic...Since the reform and opening up,China has undergone a rapid economic development;by the end of 2010,China has overtaken Japan to become the world’s second largest economy only after the U.S.As China’s total economic output increases,economic restructuring and economic policy-making become particularly critical.As an inevitable economic phenomenon when the economic development reaches a certain stage,deindustrialization should be analyzed carefully.This article conducts an analysis of China’s present situation of deindustrialization from two levels:gross deindustrialization and regional deindustrialization.Through the re-classification of the regional deindustrialization,we tries to explore the mechanism behind both the positive and negative deindustrialization,as well as the impact on the economic development,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of our industrial policy and decision-making of economic development.展开更多
This research analyzes the growth impacts promoted by C class in the process of the freezing of the Brazilian industry and increased imports. This emerging market, called class C, which is incorporated in part by the ...This research analyzes the growth impacts promoted by C class in the process of the freezing of the Brazilian industry and increased imports. This emerging market, called class C, which is incorporated in part by the low-income segment, presents distinct characteristics and needs and for this precise reason eventually burdens the short-term production of Brazilian companies, which feel the need to opt for the importation of basic commodities, manufactured, and semi-manufactured goods, in order to maintain a market share and return on their investments. Although this fact is actually part of a trend of global economic transformation, here it is due to a number of irregular actions taken by the Brazilian government facing a short-term political need. Stemming from quantitative researches and qualitative data, this paper sought to learn more about the consumers＇ profile and draw up some recommendations for the organizations, in order to be better prepared to face this new demand. This paper also sought to know the actions already undertaken by a large cosmetics company, parts of whose products aim at class C.展开更多
A growing body of American literature examines the conditions in towns from the Midwest to the Northeast that have been drastically affected by the condition of what has been termed ＂deindustrialization＂. These town...A growing body of American literature examines the conditions in towns from the Midwest to the Northeast that have been drastically affected by the condition of what has been termed ＂deindustrialization＂. These towns have witnessed the employee downsizing and the eventual collapse of their major industries, such as automobile manufacturing and coal mining, and the fiction about them--termed ＂deindustrialization literature＂ by Sherry Lee Linkon--explores how the affected generations cope with these changed circumstances. The novel Coal Run, written in 2004 by Tawni O＇Dell＇s, herself a native of a coal mining region in Western Pennsylvania, is one such example of deindustrialization literature and the focus of this essay. Set in a coal mining town that has been shut down because of a Centralia-like uncontrolled mine fire that opens fissures to a literal kind of hell, the protagonist, Ivan the Great, a former Penn State football star, and other characters attempt to re-orient themselves after the mine---described by Ivan as ＂the closest thing I had to God＂--closes and the effects of that closing are felt. This paper discusses the motifs of ecological ruin, economic disruption, and personal, familial, and community disorientation in the novel. In doing so, the paper considers connections between de- or post-industrialization and postmodernism, particularly as discussed by cultural geographer David Harvey in The Condition of Postmodernity in terms of ＂the crisis tendency＂ of capitalism toward ＂overaccumulation＂ and the ＂link between postmodernism and...more flexible modes of capital accumulation＂. The paper goes on to consider the experiences through which the novel＇s characters learn to look to the future in ways that may be said to coincide with the ethos of much postmodern American fiction that sets less ambitious but nonetheless still meaningful expectations for human being.展开更多
The contemporary economic crisis should be considered within the framework of the contradictions created by the neoliberal model that was adopted in the mid-1970s, in the United States and throughout much of the world...The contemporary economic crisis should be considered within the framework of the contradictions created by the neoliberal model that was adopted in the mid-1970s, in the United States and throughout much of the world. The changes in the labor market and new forms of workforce exploitation based on deregulation, the increase of off-shoring, and flexible hiring practices have led to ＂new＂ precarious labor conditions. Due to the crisis, the United States labor market has been characterized by four factors： the increase of the unemployment, the unedited growth of the informal sector, a dramatic increase in precarious labor conditions for all workers, especially young people, minorities, and immigrants, and the increasing wage polarization. However, capitalist profit rates have actually substantially increased due to neoliberal policies and the resulting economic crisis. This situation led to a rise in the overexploitation of labor. It has had subsequent effects on unemployment, informal work, precarious labor conditions, and unequal salary distribution, especially in recently created positions. Increased labor flexibility has changed the typical forms of wage employment, and stable employment has been replaced by temporary and part-time employment usually with low wages and without social security and benefits.展开更多
This review paper provides a new narrative by combing through the experiences of structural transformation among developing countries and discussing the roles of government and market in different contexts.Country per...This review paper provides a new narrative by combing through the experiences of structural transformation among developing countries and discussing the roles of government and market in different contexts.Country performance has been influenced by the prevailing development thinking:the structuralism in the 1950s-1970s,which stresses an active government's role to overcome market failures for industrialization,and the neoliberalism in the 1980s-present,which advocates for eliminating government failures to build up a well-functioning market.We find that almost all countries failing by following structuralism in their industrialization and neoliberalism in their transition to a market economy,and the few countries successful in catching up have a few characteristics that go against the prevailing structuralism and neoliberalism.The new structural economics,generated from the experiences of successful East Asian economies and proposing active facilitating roles of government in a market economy to remove market failures,will gain traction and take root.展开更多
As developed economies have substituted away from manufacturing towards services, so too have developing countries--to an even greater extent. Such sectoral change may be premature for economies that never fully indus...As developed economies have substituted away from manufacturing towards services, so too have developing countries--to an even greater extent. Such sectoral change may be premature for economies that never fully industrialised in the first place. This article presents evidence that countries with smaller manufacturing sectors substitute away from manufacturing to a larger extent, suggesting a trade channel through which falling international relative prices of manufacturing lead price-taking developing economies to substitute accordingly.展开更多
A resource-based economy is an economic system driven by the exploitation of mineral resources and dominated by the energy, mineral and other resource sectors. In resource- rich areas, there is often an investment bia...A resource-based economy is an economic system driven by the exploitation of mineral resources and dominated by the energy, mineral and other resource sectors. In resource- rich areas, there is often an investment bias toward the resource sector because of the existence of a threshold for investment in human capital in the manufacturing sector. Once the resource sector is dominant, it has a particular atwaction effect on the economic factors; its expansion and spread have a viscosity effect on industry families;, and the sunk costs and path dependence that emerge as industrialization evolves have a lock-in effect on the role of resources. This may give rise to development path dependence and the trap of resource advantage, resulting in a self-strengthening mechanism in resource-based economies. The key to escaping this trap is to break down the resource sector＇s original self-perpetuating mechanism and path dependence, introduce learning and innovation, adjust mechanisms far the distribution of resource benefits and realize industry coordination and transformational economic development.展开更多
As an organic part of urban functions, industrial land is of great significance to the urban healthy and sustainable development. Although consensus has been reached on the evolutionary characteristics and spatial eff...As an organic part of urban functions, industrial land is of great significance to the urban healthy and sustainable development. Although consensus has been reached on the evolutionary characteristics and spatial effects of industrial land, the influence mechanism of the evolution of industrial land on urban space still needs further exploration. Therefore, the evolution of industrial land in Xi’an from 2003 to 2019 is analyzed by the land use change matrixes, mixed degrees index, and sprawl index according to the multisource data. The results show that the scale change of industrial land is characterized by an inverted U-shaped curve and development zone-oriented spatial aggregation. Suburbanization, the conversion of agricultural land to industrial land in the suburbs, has intensified urban sprawl, resulting in more serious work-living imbalance and traffic congestion.Deindustrialization, the conversion of industrial land to residential, commercial, and business facilities land in the city center, has promoted urban sprawl, generated a large amount of construction waste, and caused a waste of resources. Based on the complex factors such as urban planning, land finance, and development zones, this study contributes to the research of the improvement of the rationality of urban land layout by revealing the influence mechanism of the evolution of industrial land on urban space.展开更多
When the high-income East Asian economies entered the upper-middle income stage,their long-term growth was sustained by their real manufacturing output share and total factor productivity(TFP).This is a typical patter...When the high-income East Asian economies entered the upper-middle income stage,their long-term growth was sustained by their real manufacturing output share and total factor productivity(TFP).This is a typical pattern that is highly consistent with classical development economics,which sees manufacturing as the engine of economic growth.When China became a middle-income country,its share of real manufacturing output and TFP both fell over the same period,exhibiting a theoretical and empirical tendency toward“premature deindustrialization”that increases the risk of being caught in the middle-income trap.Accelerating China’s development as a manufacturing power,advancing high-tech manufacturing and improving the quality and efficiency of traditional industries are realistic options for the country’s industrial development strategy.展开更多
文摘Since the reform and opening up,China has undergone a rapid economic development;by the end of 2010,China has overtaken Japan to become the world’s second largest economy only after the U.S.As China’s total economic output increases,economic restructuring and economic policy-making become particularly critical.As an inevitable economic phenomenon when the economic development reaches a certain stage,deindustrialization should be analyzed carefully.This article conducts an analysis of China’s present situation of deindustrialization from two levels:gross deindustrialization and regional deindustrialization.Through the re-classification of the regional deindustrialization,we tries to explore the mechanism behind both the positive and negative deindustrialization,as well as the impact on the economic development,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of our industrial policy and decision-making of economic development.
文摘This research analyzes the growth impacts promoted by C class in the process of the freezing of the Brazilian industry and increased imports. This emerging market, called class C, which is incorporated in part by the low-income segment, presents distinct characteristics and needs and for this precise reason eventually burdens the short-term production of Brazilian companies, which feel the need to opt for the importation of basic commodities, manufactured, and semi-manufactured goods, in order to maintain a market share and return on their investments. Although this fact is actually part of a trend of global economic transformation, here it is due to a number of irregular actions taken by the Brazilian government facing a short-term political need. Stemming from quantitative researches and qualitative data, this paper sought to learn more about the consumers＇ profile and draw up some recommendations for the organizations, in order to be better prepared to face this new demand. This paper also sought to know the actions already undertaken by a large cosmetics company, parts of whose products aim at class C.
文摘A growing body of American literature examines the conditions in towns from the Midwest to the Northeast that have been drastically affected by the condition of what has been termed ＂deindustrialization＂. These towns have witnessed the employee downsizing and the eventual collapse of their major industries, such as automobile manufacturing and coal mining, and the fiction about them--termed ＂deindustrialization literature＂ by Sherry Lee Linkon--explores how the affected generations cope with these changed circumstances. The novel Coal Run, written in 2004 by Tawni O＇Dell＇s, herself a native of a coal mining region in Western Pennsylvania, is one such example of deindustrialization literature and the focus of this essay. Set in a coal mining town that has been shut down because of a Centralia-like uncontrolled mine fire that opens fissures to a literal kind of hell, the protagonist, Ivan the Great, a former Penn State football star, and other characters attempt to re-orient themselves after the mine---described by Ivan as ＂the closest thing I had to God＂--closes and the effects of that closing are felt. This paper discusses the motifs of ecological ruin, economic disruption, and personal, familial, and community disorientation in the novel. In doing so, the paper considers connections between de- or post-industrialization and postmodernism, particularly as discussed by cultural geographer David Harvey in The Condition of Postmodernity in terms of ＂the crisis tendency＂ of capitalism toward ＂overaccumulation＂ and the ＂link between postmodernism and...more flexible modes of capital accumulation＂. The paper goes on to consider the experiences through which the novel＇s characters learn to look to the future in ways that may be said to coincide with the ethos of much postmodern American fiction that sets less ambitious but nonetheless still meaningful expectations for human being.
文摘The contemporary economic crisis should be considered within the framework of the contradictions created by the neoliberal model that was adopted in the mid-1970s, in the United States and throughout much of the world. The changes in the labor market and new forms of workforce exploitation based on deregulation, the increase of off-shoring, and flexible hiring practices have led to ＂new＂ precarious labor conditions. Due to the crisis, the United States labor market has been characterized by four factors： the increase of the unemployment, the unedited growth of the informal sector, a dramatic increase in precarious labor conditions for all workers, especially young people, minorities, and immigrants, and the increasing wage polarization. However, capitalist profit rates have actually substantially increased due to neoliberal policies and the resulting economic crisis. This situation led to a rise in the overexploitation of labor. It has had subsequent effects on unemployment, informal work, precarious labor conditions, and unequal salary distribution, especially in recently created positions. Increased labor flexibility has changed the typical forms of wage employment, and stable employment has been replaced by temporary and part-time employment usually with low wages and without social security and benefits.
文摘This review paper provides a new narrative by combing through the experiences of structural transformation among developing countries and discussing the roles of government and market in different contexts.Country performance has been influenced by the prevailing development thinking:the structuralism in the 1950s-1970s,which stresses an active government's role to overcome market failures for industrialization,and the neoliberalism in the 1980s-present,which advocates for eliminating government failures to build up a well-functioning market.We find that almost all countries failing by following structuralism in their industrialization and neoliberalism in their transition to a market economy,and the few countries successful in catching up have a few characteristics that go against the prevailing structuralism and neoliberalism.The new structural economics,generated from the experiences of successful East Asian economies and proposing active facilitating roles of government in a market economy to remove market failures,will gain traction and take root.
文摘As developed economies have substituted away from manufacturing towards services, so too have developing countries--to an even greater extent. Such sectoral change may be premature for economies that never fully industrialised in the first place. This article presents evidence that countries with smaller manufacturing sectors substitute away from manufacturing to a larger extent, suggesting a trade channel through which falling international relative prices of manufacturing lead price-taking developing economies to substitute accordingly.
文摘A resource-based economy is an economic system driven by the exploitation of mineral resources and dominated by the energy, mineral and other resource sectors. In resource- rich areas, there is often an investment bias toward the resource sector because of the existence of a threshold for investment in human capital in the manufacturing sector. Once the resource sector is dominant, it has a particular atwaction effect on the economic factors; its expansion and spread have a viscosity effect on industry families;, and the sunk costs and path dependence that emerge as industrialization evolves have a lock-in effect on the role of resources. This may give rise to development path dependence and the trap of resource advantage, resulting in a self-strengthening mechanism in resource-based economies. The key to escaping this trap is to break down the resource sector＇s original self-perpetuating mechanism and path dependence, introduce learning and innovation, adjust mechanisms far the distribution of resource benefits and realize industry coordination and transformational economic development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071211)。
文摘As an organic part of urban functions, industrial land is of great significance to the urban healthy and sustainable development. Although consensus has been reached on the evolutionary characteristics and spatial effects of industrial land, the influence mechanism of the evolution of industrial land on urban space still needs further exploration. Therefore, the evolution of industrial land in Xi’an from 2003 to 2019 is analyzed by the land use change matrixes, mixed degrees index, and sprawl index according to the multisource data. The results show that the scale change of industrial land is characterized by an inverted U-shaped curve and development zone-oriented spatial aggregation. Suburbanization, the conversion of agricultural land to industrial land in the suburbs, has intensified urban sprawl, resulting in more serious work-living imbalance and traffic congestion.Deindustrialization, the conversion of industrial land to residential, commercial, and business facilities land in the city center, has promoted urban sprawl, generated a large amount of construction waste, and caused a waste of resources. Based on the complex factors such as urban planning, land finance, and development zones, this study contributes to the research of the improvement of the rationality of urban land layout by revealing the influence mechanism of the evolution of industrial land on urban space.
文摘When the high-income East Asian economies entered the upper-middle income stage,their long-term growth was sustained by their real manufacturing output share and total factor productivity(TFP).This is a typical pattern that is highly consistent with classical development economics,which sees manufacturing as the engine of economic growth.When China became a middle-income country,its share of real manufacturing output and TFP both fell over the same period,exhibiting a theoretical and empirical tendency toward“premature deindustrialization”that increases the risk of being caught in the middle-income trap.Accelerating China’s development as a manufacturing power,advancing high-tech manufacturing and improving the quality and efficiency of traditional industries are realistic options for the country’s industrial development strategy.
