Employing DEA model and Malmquist productivity index, this paper probes into the urban efficiencies of 24 typical resources-based cities in China and their changes from 2000 to 2008. The research finds that the overal...Employing DEA model and Malmquist productivity index, this paper probes into the urban efficiencies of 24 typical resources-based cities in China and their changes from 2000 to 2008. The research finds that the overall efficiencies of the resources-based cities are just at a general level, and only a few of them reach the optimal level. The scale efficiency is the major determining factor of the achievement of overall efficiency, the effect of which, nevertheless, is reducing. From the perspective of classification characteristics, the resources-based cities in northeastern region have been in the front rank in terms of overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. There is a certain positive correlation between urban population scale and urban efficiency. The analysis of urban efficiency changes shows that the changes in overall efficiency of resources-based cities from 2000 to 2008 had a weak improving tendency. Both the technical change index and productivity change index decreased, indicating that the urban efficiency did not improve during this period, and the tendency of technical recession and productivity decline was obvious. In terms of the classification of urban efficiency changes, the urban overall efficiency improved in each of the four regions from 2000 to 2008, among which western region witnessed the greatest increase. Cities with different resource types have improved their urban overall efficiencies except steel-based cities. The urban overall efficiency increased in resources-based cities of different scales, with greater improvement in small and medium-sized cities than in big cities.展开更多
Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） is a mathematical tech- nique to assess relative efficiencies of decision making units （DMUs）. The efficiency of 14 Iranian forest companies and forest management units was investig...Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） is a mathematical tech- nique to assess relative efficiencies of decision making units （DMUs）. The efficiency of 14 Iranian forest companies and forest management units was investigated in 2010. Efficiency of the companies was esti- mated by using a traditional DEA model and a two-stage DEA model. Traditional DEA models consider all DMU activities as a black box and ignore the intermediate products, while two-stage models address inter- mediate processes. LINGO software was used for analysis. Overall pro- duction was divided into to processes for analyses by the two-stage model, timber harvest and marketing. Wilcoxon＇s signed-rank test was used to identify the differences of average efficiency in the harvesting and marketing sub-process. Weak performance in the harvesting sub-process was the cause of low efficiency in 2010. Companies such as Neka Chob and Kelardasht proved efficient at timber harvest, and Neka Chob forest company scored highest in overall efficiency. Finally, the reference units identified according to the results of two-stage DEA analysis.展开更多
Two-oriented agriculture was a complex organism coupling production,economics,society and ecology.Its development process was affected by various factors such as producers,nature,society,etc.In order to overcome measu...Two-oriented agriculture was a complex organism coupling production,economics,society and ecology.Its development process was affected by various factors such as producers,nature,society,etc.In order to overcome measurement error of traditional data envelopment analysis caused by ignoring random,three-stage DEA model was studied to remove environmental factors and random effects.On the foundation of this model was two-oriented agriculture comprehensive production efficiency of 14 cities were estimated in Hunan Province in 2008,and brown forth corresponding policy proposals to promote agricultural development.展开更多
Data envelopment analysis(DEA) model is widely used to evaluate the relative efficiency of producers. It is a kind of objective decision method with multiple indexes. However, the two basic models frequently used at p...Data envelopment analysis(DEA) model is widely used to evaluate the relative efficiency of producers. It is a kind of objective decision method with multiple indexes. However, the two basic models frequently used at present, the C2R model and the C2GS2 model have limitations when used alone,resulting in evaluations that are often unsatisfactory. In order to solve this problem, a mixed DEA model is built and is used to evaluate the validity of the business efficiency of listed companies. An explanation of how to use this mixed DEA model is offered and its feasibility is verified.展开更多
This paper introduces the method of data envelopment analysis （DEA） for evaluation of the degree of harmony between water resources and economic development of the water conservancy area of China＇s South-to-North W...This paper introduces the method of data envelopment analysis （DEA） for evaluation of the degree of harmony between water resources and economic development of the water conservancy area of China＇s South-to-North Water Diversion Project （SNWDP）. For this evaluation, a super-efficiency DEA （SEDEA） model was developed based on the super-efficiency method. To verify the applicability of the SEDEA model, both the SEDEA model and a normal-efficiency DEA （NEDEA） model were used to evaluate the degree of harmony between water resources and economic development of typical cities in the SNWDP water conservancy area. The results show that the SEDEA model ranks the degree of harmony of typical cities more efficiently than the NEDEA model, and thus can better evaluate the degree of harmony between water resources and economic development of different cities than the NEDEA model. Furthermore, the SEDEA model can be applied as an operational research tool in regional water resources management.展开更多
This paper uses a three-stage DEA model to measure the land use efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and the Pearl River Delta from 2007 to 2018.The follo...This paper uses a three-stage DEA model to measure the land use efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and the Pearl River Delta from 2007 to 2018.The following conclusions are drawn through research:first,the urban land use efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and the Pearl River Delta all showed a downward trend,with the rates of decline being 6.06%,2.86%,and 24.34%respectively.In particular,the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration had the largest decline.Second,the overall urban land use efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is relatively high,and the amount of redundancy is relatively small.The rate of decline is significantly lower than the urban land use efficiency of the two major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta.The land use efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations is in a state of continuous decline.Third,the proportion of cities with the effectiveness of returns to scale of urban land use efficiency in the three major urban agglomerations has decreased by 10.53%,10%,and 33.34%,respectively.The Pearl River Delta has the largest decline.Fourth,the land use efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is quite different.The central-peripheral phenomenon is evident for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations.展开更多
Agricultural culture is a productive activity about education and management.It aims at high efficiency and high quality,uses technology as its means,and takes nature as its carrier.Agricultural cultural resources are...Agricultural culture is a productive activity about education and management.It aims at high efficiency and high quality,uses technology as its means,and takes nature as its carrier.Agricultural cultural resources are the product of the rapid development of modern economy.It promotes the development of the national economy and profoundly affects people's production and life.DEA model,also known as data envelope analysis method,is an algorithm that uses multiple data decision units for input and output training to obtain the final model.This article explains the concept and basic characteristics of agricultural culture.Through questionnaire surveys and expert interviews,we collected development data,screened human,material,and financial data,and calculated information on economic and social resources.On this basis,this paper establishes the evaluation index of agricultural culture based on DEA model.Then,through empirical analysis from a specific perspective,it can be concluded that increasing human,material and financial input can achieve economic and social benefits.Generally speaking,cultural investment can promote the development of the industry.The research results of this paper laid a theoretical foundation for the development of agricultural culture,and put forward a development model focusing on technology development,improving investment efficiency,and investing in material resources.展开更多
Fiscal agricultural expenditure has been increased rapidly for a long time,but ＂Agriculture,Countryside and Farmer＂ issues have not yet been resolved fundamentally,which illustrates that the main direction of fiscal...Fiscal agricultural expenditure has been increased rapidly for a long time,but ＂Agriculture,Countryside and Farmer＂ issues have not yet been resolved fundamentally,which illustrates that the main direction of fiscal agricultural expenditure and the appropriate intensity of input have not been discovered exactly before implementing the policy.This thesis analyzed the agriculture input and output efficiency by input-DEA model,and then summarizes bygone problem about fiscal agricultural expenditure.At last,some effective suggestions were proposed about optimizing the agriculture input and output efficiency.展开更多
As leading enterprises supporting the agricultural development,agricultural listed companies play a great role,thus the study on their operating efficiency will have a strong demonstration effect. Using the data envel...As leading enterprises supporting the agricultural development,agricultural listed companies play a great role,thus the study on their operating efficiency will have a strong demonstration effect. Using the data envelopment analysis( DEA) model,the operating efficiency of 20 agricultural listed companies was compared and analyzed. The results indicated that the overall efficiency of the agricultural listed companies is low. In agricultural listed companies with low or moderate overall efficiency,some agricultural companies are affected by the pure technical efficiency or scale efficiency,while other companies are affected by both factors,and accompanied with the increasing or decreasing efficiency along with the scale. Through in-depth analysis,it concluded that nine companies affected by pure technical efficiency have different degree of input redundancy or output deficiency. On this basis,it came up with pertinent recommendations for improvement.展开更多
The Goodgrant Foundation is a charitable organization that wants to improve education performance of undergraduates attending colleges and universities in the US. So the foundation plans to contribute a total of US 50...The Goodgrant Foundation is a charitable organization that wants to improve education performance of undergraduates attending colleges and universities in the US. So the foundation plans to contribute a total of US 50 million for a suitable team of schools per year under the condition of avoiding repeated other large grant organizations’ investment. The DEA (Data Estimate Analysis) model is developed to determine an optimal investment strategy for the Goodgrant Foundation. In this paper, two questions were solved: how to choose a suitable team of schools and how to allocate the investment. Before the establishment of the model, the EXCEL software is used to preprocess data. Then the DEA model which includes two models in the paper is developed. For the first question, the CCR model is established to rank schools which used efficiency from DEAP 2.1. For the second question, the resource allocation model is established to allocate investment amount by weights of allocation from MATLAB software. Accordingly, the optimal investment strategy is received for the Goodgrant Foundation. Through the analysis above, 23 from 293 schools are selected to invest. Then the schools are ranked and the investment of US 50 million for 23 schools is allocated.展开更多
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has become a standard non parametric approach to productivity analysis, especially to relative efficiency analysis of decision making units (DMUs). Extended to the prediction field, it ...Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has become a standard non parametric approach to productivity analysis, especially to relative efficiency analysis of decision making units (DMUs). Extended to the prediction field, it can solve the prediction problem with multiple inputs and outputs which can not be solved easily by the regression analysis method.But the traditional DEA models can not solve the problem with undesirable outputs,so in this paper the inherent relationship between goal programming and the DEA method based on the relationship between multiple goal programming and goal programming is explored,and a mixed DEA model which can make all factors of inputs and undesirable outputs decrease in different proportions is built.And at the same time,all the factors of desirable outputs increase in different proportions.展开更多
The metropolitan resources comprehensive efficiencies （also called comprehensive technical efficiency, short for CTE, thereafter）, change trends and causes are investigated using DEA and Malmquist index models, resp...The metropolitan resources comprehensive efficiencies （also called comprehensive technical efficiency, short for CTE, thereafter）, change trends and causes are investigated using DEA and Malmquist index models, respectively, in China during the period 1990–2006. Firstly, the DEA model results show that the metropolitan CTE was just fair to middling with the characteristics of almost declining from the Eastern Coastal to Western China, and only few metropolises were DEA efficient. Secondly, the results also show that the PTE was correlated with the urban population sizes of metropolises negatively, and the SE correlated positively with the urban population sizes of metropolises in 1990, 2000 and 2006, that is, with urban population sizes getting larger the corresponding PTE was decreasing accordingly, and the SE was increasing consequently and the increasing rate was smaller with the scale increase. Thirdly, the influencing factors of metropolitan efficiency were SE and PTE in 1990 and 2000, respectively. But the PTE became the predominant influencing factor with the rapid expansions of built-up areas and population scales of metropolises in 2006. Fourthly, the Malmquist index results show that the CTE change trends were increasing weakly, the technological change trends were declining, and the TFP change trends were declining obviously during 1990–2006, in which they were all increasing during the sub-period 1990–2000, and all decreasing during the sub-period 2000–2006. Fifthly, the Malmquist index results also demonstrate that the CTE change trend was increasing weakly in the Eastern Coastal China, declining in Central China, and declining evidently in Western China. And with the urban population size increasing the increasing trends of SE became weaker and weaker. And the main causes for the CTE being not too high and its change trends and TFP change trends being increasing weakly lie mainly in the technological degeneracy and PTE change trends declining significantly during 2000–2006. Finally, the analyses show that the China’s metropolitan population boom and the rapid spread of built-up area had really caused their resources efficiency losses.展开更多
This paper measures the efficiency of ports in the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR) in 2008 and 2013 using port berth quantity, quay length, and human resources as input indicators, using cargo and container throughpu...This paper measures the efficiency of ports in the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR) in 2008 and 2013 using port berth quantity, quay length, and human resources as input indicators, using cargo and container throughput as output indicators, and considering traditional(foreign trade dependence and industrialization level) and modern environmental factors(traffic line density, financial development level, and informatization level). To achieve such aim, this study constructs a multi-stage data envelopment analysis model(DEA) that identifies effective port decision-making units(DMUs) and generates a highly accurate conclusion by eliminating the interference from the exogenous environment and random errors. First, the external environment significantly affects port efficiency, with the traditional environmental factors showing huge fluctuations and the modern environmental factors producing great benefits. Second, the efficiency of ports in YRDR has increased from 2008 to 2013 primarily because of their pure technical efficiency. Third, the weighted standard deviation ellipse(SDE) analysis results reveal that the efficiency pattern of ports significantly deviates from their throughput pattern, while the center of SDE of port efficiency moves from the eastern coastal regions to the northwest regions. Based on these findings, this paper proposes spatial development strategies for YRDR, such as creating an unblocked environment where spatial elements can freely circulate, intensifying port-city joint development, implementing differentiated policies, and focusing on the spatial collaboration of port efficiency.展开更多
Family operation of breeding cow is the only way to realize modernization of animal husbandry. Through field survey of Yanbian cattle farmers, the main input indicators were analyzed, including number of breeding cows...Family operation of breeding cow is the only way to realize modernization of animal husbandry. Through field survey of Yanbian cattle farmers, the main input indicators were analyzed, including number of breeding cows, number of breeding bulls, input of cattle house, feed cost, production equipment investment, and grazing rent. The slaughter number of store cattle per year was selected as the output index. The efficiency of family operation scale of Yanbian cattle was analyzed using BCC model of DEA. The results showed that the moderate scale of breeding cows in family operation with half grazing and half housing pattern was around 50 -60 cattle.展开更多
Based on the input-output data from 2002 to 2017,this paper combined the three-stage DEA model with the non-competitive I-O model and measured the embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s 26 product sect...Based on the input-output data from 2002 to 2017,this paper combined the three-stage DEA model with the non-competitive I-O model and measured the embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s 26 product sectors,and further investigated its influencing factors and convergence issues.The results of the study showed that:①The embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s overall product sector demonstrated a positive development trend from 2002 to 2017,and this positive trend was more obvious after the implementation of conservation culture construction in 2012.But the differences of embodied carbon emission efficiency level among the product sectors were still significant.②Measured by the K-means clustering analysis method,this study found that agriculture,other service industries,wholesale and retail industries,catering industry,construction industry and manufacturing industry with strong innovation ability were mostly concentrated at high and medium efficiency levels,while industrial sectors with resource dependence and high energy consumption,such as metal smelting and rolling processing industries,non metallic mineral products industry,and coal mining industry,were at a low efficiency level.③All product sectors hadσconvergence,absoluteβconvergence and conditionalβconvergence during 2002-2010 and 2010-2017,and the level of each product sector in 2010-2017 was higher than that in 2002-2010 according to the perspective of convergence speed and degree of convergence.④Technological progress had not fully played a role in suppressing energy consumption and improving the efficiency of embodied carbon efficiency,and it would also widen the gap between the embodied carbon emission efficiency levels of various product sectors.The expansion of trade scale could effectively improve carbon emission efficiency and narrow the gap between sectors.Environmental regulation could effectively promote the improvement of embodied carbon emission efficiency but would widen the level gap between sectors.These findings indicate that China needs to build a sound environmental regulation system for the development of low-carbon trade,continue to reasonably expand the scale of trade,eliminate backward industries with production capacity,vigorously develop low-carbon technologies such as new energy,strengthen the exchange of low carbon technologies and industrial cooperation among sectors,and promote coordinated development among industries.展开更多
Energy is the material basis for social development and is closely related with the economy. Energy shortage, a low utilization rate of energy and the deterioration of the environment have become the main restrictions...Energy is the material basis for social development and is closely related with the economy. Energy shortage, a low utilization rate of energy and the deterioration of the environment have become the main restrictions of economic development in China. Therefore, studying energy efifciency has a practical signiifcance for developing a harmonious and sustainable energy economy and building a conservation-minded and harmonious society. Here, based on the three-stage DEA model we analyzed the energy efifciency of 29 provinces in China in 2009, set up an evaluation index system of energy efifciency to compare differences in energy efifciency among regions and provide regions with theoretical guidance to adjust energy consumption strategy and improve energy efifciency. We divided technical efifciency into pure technical efifciency and scale efifciency, analyzed energy efifciency with its numerical value and added environment variables to perfect the results. We found that scale efficiency is overestimated before eliminating external factors and environment variables and pure technical efifciency is underestimated. To solve this problem, regions should expand the scale of the enterprises and pay more attention to energy efifciency. The scale returns of most provinces in the third stage are increasing （except Shandong province）, which shows that many enterprises are too smal to relfect the economy scale. Therefore, al regions except Shandong should increase their energy inputs to obtain the economy scale of energy utilization. From a regional perspective, eastern energy efifciency is highest and western is the lowest. Al regions should increase the size of enterprises to realize the scale economy. Central and western regions in China should strengthen mutual cooperation, bring into play their respective advantages, exploit new energy and new technology and improve the utilization ratio of energy.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the resource allocation problem based on data envelopment analysis （DEA） which is generally found in practice such as in public services and in production process. In management context,...This paper is concerned with the resource allocation problem based on data envelopment analysis （DEA） which is generally found in practice such as in public services and in production process. In management context, the resource allocation has to achieve the effective-efficient-equality aim and tries to balance the different desires of two management layers： central manager and each sector. In mathematical programming context, to solve the resource allocation asks for introducing many optimization techniques such as multiple-objective programming and goal programming. We construct an algorithm framework by using comprehensive DEA tools including CCR, BCC models, inverse DEA model, the most compromising common weights analysis model, and extra resource allocation algorithm. Returns to scale characteristic is put major place for analyzing DMUs＇ scale economies and used to select DMU candidates before resource allocation. By combining extra resource allocation algorithm with scale economies target, we propose a resource allocation solution, which can achieve the effective-efficient-equality target and also provide information for future resource allocation. Many numerical examples are discussed in this paper, which also verify our work.展开更多
In the decisive stage of developing of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects,hazy weather has become a major obstacle to the further advancement of China.Therefore,improving the level and efficiency of haze g...In the decisive stage of developing of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects,hazy weather has become a major obstacle to the further advancement of China.Therefore,improving the level and efficiency of haze governance has become essential.Based on the DPSIR model,this paper builds a haze governance level and efficiency index system using the entropy method and the super-efficiency data envelope-analysis(DEA)model to analyze the data for 31 cities in North China from 2007 to 2016.From the aspects of spatial differences and influence factors influencing the comparative analysis,the results are as follows.(1)During the investigation period,the level and efficiency of city haze governance in North China showed a trend of fluctuation and decline,with obvious stages in their characteristics.Haze governance efficiency is much higher than its level,and its mean value reaches the DEA level which indicates that it is effective.(2)A significant regional gradient difference occurs between these two aspects.The haze governance level presents a convex distribution pattern of"east low–middle high–west low",while the haze governance efficiency presents a concave distribution pattern of"east high–middle low–west high".(3)The regression results show that economic growth has a negative effect on both haze governance level and efficiency.By contrast,the industrial structure has a positive effect on haze governance level and efficiency,but the significance of its effect on these two is different.On this basis,policy suggestions are proposed for improving the level and efficiency of haze governance in various cities in North China.展开更多
Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This pape...Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This paper adopted an input-oriented data envelopment analysis(DEA) method with the assumption of variable returns to scale to evaluate agricultural production efficiency of 100 major irrigation districts in Northwest China in 2010.Major findings of this paper were as follows: firstly, the average value of total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of those irrigation districts in Northwest China were 0.770, 0.825 and 0.931,respectively; secondly, 30% of irrigation districts were technically efficient, while 42% and 32% of them showed pure technical and scale efficiency respectively. Among inefficient decision-making units, total technical efficiency score varied from 0.313 to 0.966, showing significant geographical differences, but geographical differences of pure technical efficiency was more consistent with that of total technical efficiency; thirdly, input redundancy was evident. Inputs of agricultural population, irrigation area,green water, blue water, consumption of fertilizer and agricultural machinery could be reduced by 34.88%,40.19%, 43.85%, 47.10%, 41.53% and 42.21% respectively without reducing agricultural outputs. Furthermore,irrigation area, green water and blue water had relatively high slack movement though Northwest China which is short of water resources. Based on these results, this paper drew the following conclusions: First, there is huge potential for Northwest China to improve its agricultural production efficiency, and agro-technology not input scale had greater influence on improvement. Second, farmers needed proper guidance in order to reduce agricultural inputs and it is time to centralize agricultural management for overall agricultural inputs regulation and control.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to study the spatialtemporal differentiation of industrial eco-efficiency in China. Using methods based on the data envelopment analysis （DEA） model and exploratory spatial data analysis （E...The aim of this paper is to study the spatialtemporal differentiation of industrial eco-efficiency in China. Using methods based on the data envelopment analysis （DEA） model and exploratory spatial data analysis （ESDA） and data from 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2008 of 30 provinces in China, the spatial-temporal pattern changes in industrial eco-efficiency are discussed. The results show that： first, the patterns of industrial eco-efficiency are dominated by clustering of relatively low efficiency provinces; second, spatial relationships between the industrial eco-efficiencies of different provinces changed slightly throughout the period and the provinces persistently exhibit spatial concentration of relatively low industrial eco-efficiency; finally, there is an obvious trend in the polarization of industrial eco-efficiency, i.e., the higher level spatial units are concentrated in eastern China, and the lower level spatial units are mainly in western and central China. （ESDA）展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40701044 National Key Technology R＆D Program, No.2008BAH31B01
文摘Employing DEA model and Malmquist productivity index, this paper probes into the urban efficiencies of 24 typical resources-based cities in China and their changes from 2000 to 2008. The research finds that the overall efficiencies of the resources-based cities are just at a general level, and only a few of them reach the optimal level. The scale efficiency is the major determining factor of the achievement of overall efficiency, the effect of which, nevertheless, is reducing. From the perspective of classification characteristics, the resources-based cities in northeastern region have been in the front rank in terms of overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. There is a certain positive correlation between urban population scale and urban efficiency. The analysis of urban efficiency changes shows that the changes in overall efficiency of resources-based cities from 2000 to 2008 had a weak improving tendency. Both the technical change index and productivity change index decreased, indicating that the urban efficiency did not improve during this period, and the tendency of technical recession and productivity decline was obvious. In terms of the classification of urban efficiency changes, the urban overall efficiency improved in each of the four regions from 2000 to 2008, among which western region witnessed the greatest increase. Cities with different resource types have improved their urban overall efficiencies except steel-based cities. The urban overall efficiency increased in resources-based cities of different scales, with greater improvement in small and medium-sized cities than in big cities.
文摘Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA） is a mathematical tech- nique to assess relative efficiencies of decision making units （DMUs）. The efficiency of 14 Iranian forest companies and forest management units was investigated in 2010. Efficiency of the companies was esti- mated by using a traditional DEA model and a two-stage DEA model. Traditional DEA models consider all DMU activities as a black box and ignore the intermediate products, while two-stage models address inter- mediate processes. LINGO software was used for analysis. Overall pro- duction was divided into to processes for analyses by the two-stage model, timber harvest and marketing. Wilcoxon＇s signed-rank test was used to identify the differences of average efficiency in the harvesting and marketing sub-process. Weak performance in the harvesting sub-process was the cause of low efficiency in 2010. Companies such as Neka Chob and Kelardasht proved efficient at timber harvest, and Neka Chob forest company scored highest in overall efficiency. Finally, the reference units identified according to the results of two-stage DEA analysis.
文摘Two-oriented agriculture was a complex organism coupling production,economics,society and ecology.Its development process was affected by various factors such as producers,nature,society,etc.In order to overcome measurement error of traditional data envelopment analysis caused by ignoring random,three-stage DEA model was studied to remove environmental factors and random effects.On the foundation of this model was two-oriented agriculture comprehensive production efficiency of 14 cities were estimated in Hunan Province in 2008,and brown forth corresponding policy proposals to promote agricultural development.
基金Supported by Commission of Science Technology and Industry for National Defense(No, C192005C001)
文摘Data envelopment analysis(DEA) model is widely used to evaluate the relative efficiency of producers. It is a kind of objective decision method with multiple indexes. However, the two basic models frequently used at present, the C2R model and the C2GS2 model have limitations when used alone,resulting in evaluations that are often unsatisfactory. In order to solve this problem, a mixed DEA model is built and is used to evaluate the validity of the business efficiency of listed companies. An explanation of how to use this mixed DEA model is offered and its feasibility is verified.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 2010B25814)the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Hohai University (Grant No. 2007402011)+1 种基金the Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 07EYC059)a special project of the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China (Grant No. 5006518023)
文摘This paper introduces the method of data envelopment analysis （DEA） for evaluation of the degree of harmony between water resources and economic development of the water conservancy area of China＇s South-to-North Water Diversion Project （SNWDP）. For this evaluation, a super-efficiency DEA （SEDEA） model was developed based on the super-efficiency method. To verify the applicability of the SEDEA model, both the SEDEA model and a normal-efficiency DEA （NEDEA） model were used to evaluate the degree of harmony between water resources and economic development of typical cities in the SNWDP water conservancy area. The results show that the SEDEA model ranks the degree of harmony of typical cities more efficiently than the NEDEA model, and thus can better evaluate the degree of harmony between water resources and economic development of different cities than the NEDEA model. Furthermore, the SEDEA model can be applied as an operational research tool in regional water resources management.
文摘This paper uses a three-stage DEA model to measure the land use efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and the Pearl River Delta from 2007 to 2018.The following conclusions are drawn through research:first,the urban land use efficiency of the three major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,and the Pearl River Delta all showed a downward trend,with the rates of decline being 6.06%,2.86%,and 24.34%respectively.In particular,the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration had the largest decline.Second,the overall urban land use efficiency of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is relatively high,and the amount of redundancy is relatively small.The rate of decline is significantly lower than the urban land use efficiency of the two major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta.The land use efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations is in a state of continuous decline.Third,the proportion of cities with the effectiveness of returns to scale of urban land use efficiency in the three major urban agglomerations has decreased by 10.53%,10%,and 33.34%,respectively.The Pearl River Delta has the largest decline.Fourth,the land use efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is quite different.The central-peripheral phenomenon is evident for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations.
文摘Agricultural culture is a productive activity about education and management.It aims at high efficiency and high quality,uses technology as its means,and takes nature as its carrier.Agricultural cultural resources are the product of the rapid development of modern economy.It promotes the development of the national economy and profoundly affects people's production and life.DEA model,also known as data envelope analysis method,is an algorithm that uses multiple data decision units for input and output training to obtain the final model.This article explains the concept and basic characteristics of agricultural culture.Through questionnaire surveys and expert interviews,we collected development data,screened human,material,and financial data,and calculated information on economic and social resources.On this basis,this paper establishes the evaluation index of agricultural culture based on DEA model.Then,through empirical analysis from a specific perspective,it can be concluded that increasing human,material and financial input can achieve economic and social benefits.Generally speaking,cultural investment can promote the development of the industry.The research results of this paper laid a theoretical foundation for the development of agricultural culture,and put forward a development model focusing on technology development,improving investment efficiency,and investing in material resources.
文摘Fiscal agricultural expenditure has been increased rapidly for a long time,but ＂Agriculture,Countryside and Farmer＂ issues have not yet been resolved fundamentally,which illustrates that the main direction of fiscal agricultural expenditure and the appropriate intensity of input have not been discovered exactly before implementing the policy.This thesis analyzed the agriculture input and output efficiency by input-DEA model,and then summarizes bygone problem about fiscal agricultural expenditure.At last,some effective suggestions were proposed about optimizing the agriculture input and output efficiency.
基金Supported by Key Project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education for Scientific Research of Colleges and Universities “Study on Hunan's Manufacturing Clusters Leaping to the Global High-end Value Chains”(15A203)
文摘As leading enterprises supporting the agricultural development,agricultural listed companies play a great role,thus the study on their operating efficiency will have a strong demonstration effect. Using the data envelopment analysis( DEA) model,the operating efficiency of 20 agricultural listed companies was compared and analyzed. The results indicated that the overall efficiency of the agricultural listed companies is low. In agricultural listed companies with low or moderate overall efficiency,some agricultural companies are affected by the pure technical efficiency or scale efficiency,while other companies are affected by both factors,and accompanied with the increasing or decreasing efficiency along with the scale. Through in-depth analysis,it concluded that nine companies affected by pure technical efficiency have different degree of input redundancy or output deficiency. On this basis,it came up with pertinent recommendations for improvement.
文摘The Goodgrant Foundation is a charitable organization that wants to improve education performance of undergraduates attending colleges and universities in the US. So the foundation plans to contribute a total of US 50 million for a suitable team of schools per year under the condition of avoiding repeated other large grant organizations’ investment. The DEA (Data Estimate Analysis) model is developed to determine an optimal investment strategy for the Goodgrant Foundation. In this paper, two questions were solved: how to choose a suitable team of schools and how to allocate the investment. Before the establishment of the model, the EXCEL software is used to preprocess data. Then the DEA model which includes two models in the paper is developed. For the first question, the CCR model is established to rank schools which used efficiency from DEAP 2.1. For the second question, the resource allocation model is established to allocate investment amount by weights of allocation from MATLAB software. Accordingly, the optimal investment strategy is received for the Goodgrant Foundation. Through the analysis above, 23 from 293 schools are selected to invest. Then the schools are ranked and the investment of US 50 million for 23 schools is allocated.
文摘Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has become a standard non parametric approach to productivity analysis, especially to relative efficiency analysis of decision making units (DMUs). Extended to the prediction field, it can solve the prediction problem with multiple inputs and outputs which can not be solved easily by the regression analysis method.But the traditional DEA models can not solve the problem with undesirable outputs,so in this paper the inherent relationship between goal programming and the DEA method based on the relationship between multiple goal programming and goal programming is explored,and a mixed DEA model which can make all factors of inputs and undesirable outputs decrease in different proportions is built.And at the same time,all the factors of desirable outputs increase in different proportions.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China No.40671054 No.40635026
文摘The metropolitan resources comprehensive efficiencies （also called comprehensive technical efficiency, short for CTE, thereafter）, change trends and causes are investigated using DEA and Malmquist index models, respectively, in China during the period 1990–2006. Firstly, the DEA model results show that the metropolitan CTE was just fair to middling with the characteristics of almost declining from the Eastern Coastal to Western China, and only few metropolises were DEA efficient. Secondly, the results also show that the PTE was correlated with the urban population sizes of metropolises negatively, and the SE correlated positively with the urban population sizes of metropolises in 1990, 2000 and 2006, that is, with urban population sizes getting larger the corresponding PTE was decreasing accordingly, and the SE was increasing consequently and the increasing rate was smaller with the scale increase. Thirdly, the influencing factors of metropolitan efficiency were SE and PTE in 1990 and 2000, respectively. But the PTE became the predominant influencing factor with the rapid expansions of built-up areas and population scales of metropolises in 2006. Fourthly, the Malmquist index results show that the CTE change trends were increasing weakly, the technological change trends were declining, and the TFP change trends were declining obviously during 1990–2006, in which they were all increasing during the sub-period 1990–2000, and all decreasing during the sub-period 2000–2006. Fifthly, the Malmquist index results also demonstrate that the CTE change trend was increasing weakly in the Eastern Coastal China, declining in Central China, and declining evidently in Western China. And with the urban population size increasing the increasing trends of SE became weaker and weaker. And the main causes for the CTE being not too high and its change trends and TFP change trends being increasing weakly lie mainly in the technological degeneracy and PTE change trends declining significantly during 2000–2006. Finally, the analyses show that the China’s metropolitan population boom and the rapid spread of built-up area had really caused their resources efficiency losses.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271136,41501142)
文摘This paper measures the efficiency of ports in the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR) in 2008 and 2013 using port berth quantity, quay length, and human resources as input indicators, using cargo and container throughput as output indicators, and considering traditional(foreign trade dependence and industrialization level) and modern environmental factors(traffic line density, financial development level, and informatization level). To achieve such aim, this study constructs a multi-stage data envelopment analysis model(DEA) that identifies effective port decision-making units(DMUs) and generates a highly accurate conclusion by eliminating the interference from the exogenous environment and random errors. First, the external environment significantly affects port efficiency, with the traditional environmental factors showing huge fluctuations and the modern environmental factors producing great benefits. Second, the efficiency of ports in YRDR has increased from 2008 to 2013 primarily because of their pure technical efficiency. Third, the weighted standard deviation ellipse(SDE) analysis results reveal that the efficiency pattern of ports significantly deviates from their throughput pattern, while the center of SDE of port efficiency moves from the eastern coastal regions to the northwest regions. Based on these findings, this paper proposes spatial development strategies for YRDR, such as creating an unblocked environment where spatial elements can freely circulate, intensifying port-city joint development, implementing differentiated policies, and focusing on the spatial collaboration of port efficiency.
基金Supported by "The 12~(th) Five-Year" Social Science Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(201512)
文摘Family operation of breeding cow is the only way to realize modernization of animal husbandry. Through field survey of Yanbian cattle farmers, the main input indicators were analyzed, including number of breeding cows, number of breeding bulls, input of cattle house, feed cost, production equipment investment, and grazing rent. The slaughter number of store cattle per year was selected as the output index. The efficiency of family operation scale of Yanbian cattle was analyzed using BCC model of DEA. The results showed that the moderate scale of breeding cows in family operation with half grazing and half housing pattern was around 50 -60 cattle.
基金Project of Basic Work of Science and Technology of Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department in 2020,“Quantification of Ecological Compensation in Southwest China Based on Carbon Balance”[Grant number.Guizhou Science Cooperation Basic Project[2020]1Y287]Research Fund Project of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics in 2020,“Research on the Influencing Factors of China's Low-carbon Trade Competitiveness”[Grant number.2020XJC01].
文摘Based on the input-output data from 2002 to 2017,this paper combined the three-stage DEA model with the non-competitive I-O model and measured the embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s 26 product sectors,and further investigated its influencing factors and convergence issues.The results of the study showed that:①The embodied carbon efficiency of export trade in China’s overall product sector demonstrated a positive development trend from 2002 to 2017,and this positive trend was more obvious after the implementation of conservation culture construction in 2012.But the differences of embodied carbon emission efficiency level among the product sectors were still significant.②Measured by the K-means clustering analysis method,this study found that agriculture,other service industries,wholesale and retail industries,catering industry,construction industry and manufacturing industry with strong innovation ability were mostly concentrated at high and medium efficiency levels,while industrial sectors with resource dependence and high energy consumption,such as metal smelting and rolling processing industries,non metallic mineral products industry,and coal mining industry,were at a low efficiency level.③All product sectors hadσconvergence,absoluteβconvergence and conditionalβconvergence during 2002-2010 and 2010-2017,and the level of each product sector in 2010-2017 was higher than that in 2002-2010 according to the perspective of convergence speed and degree of convergence.④Technological progress had not fully played a role in suppressing energy consumption and improving the efficiency of embodied carbon efficiency,and it would also widen the gap between the embodied carbon emission efficiency levels of various product sectors.The expansion of trade scale could effectively improve carbon emission efficiency and narrow the gap between sectors.Environmental regulation could effectively promote the improvement of embodied carbon emission efficiency but would widen the level gap between sectors.These findings indicate that China needs to build a sound environmental regulation system for the development of low-carbon trade,continue to reasonably expand the scale of trade,eliminate backward industries with production capacity,vigorously develop low-carbon technologies such as new energy,strengthen the exchange of low carbon technologies and industrial cooperation among sectors,and promote coordinated development among industries.
基金supported by National Social Science Fund of China(11BGL088)the Major Program of National Social Science Found(11&ZD168)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(G0213)Science Foundation of the Chinese Education Commission(11JHQ024)
文摘Energy is the material basis for social development and is closely related with the economy. Energy shortage, a low utilization rate of energy and the deterioration of the environment have become the main restrictions of economic development in China. Therefore, studying energy efifciency has a practical signiifcance for developing a harmonious and sustainable energy economy and building a conservation-minded and harmonious society. Here, based on the three-stage DEA model we analyzed the energy efifciency of 29 provinces in China in 2009, set up an evaluation index system of energy efifciency to compare differences in energy efifciency among regions and provide regions with theoretical guidance to adjust energy consumption strategy and improve energy efifciency. We divided technical efifciency into pure technical efifciency and scale efifciency, analyzed energy efifciency with its numerical value and added environment variables to perfect the results. We found that scale efficiency is overestimated before eliminating external factors and environment variables and pure technical efifciency is underestimated. To solve this problem, regions should expand the scale of the enterprises and pay more attention to energy efifciency. The scale returns of most provinces in the third stage are increasing （except Shandong province）, which shows that many enterprises are too smal to relfect the economy scale. Therefore, al regions except Shandong should increase their energy inputs to obtain the economy scale of energy utilization. From a regional perspective, eastern energy efifciency is highest and western is the lowest. Al regions should increase the size of enterprises to realize the scale economy. Central and western regions in China should strengthen mutual cooperation, bring into play their respective advantages, exploit new energy and new technology and improve the utilization ratio of energy.
基金This research is supported by 973 Program under Grant No.2006CB701306
文摘This paper is concerned with the resource allocation problem based on data envelopment analysis （DEA） which is generally found in practice such as in public services and in production process. In management context, the resource allocation has to achieve the effective-efficient-equality aim and tries to balance the different desires of two management layers： central manager and each sector. In mathematical programming context, to solve the resource allocation asks for introducing many optimization techniques such as multiple-objective programming and goal programming. We construct an algorithm framework by using comprehensive DEA tools including CCR, BCC models, inverse DEA model, the most compromising common weights analysis model, and extra resource allocation algorithm. Returns to scale characteristic is put major place for analyzing DMUs＇ scale economies and used to select DMU candidates before resource allocation. By combining extra resource allocation algorithm with scale economies target, we propose a resource allocation solution, which can achieve the effective-efficient-equality target and also provide information for future resource allocation. Many numerical examples are discussed in this paper, which also verify our work.
基金The National Social Science Foundation of China(17BJY038)。
文摘In the decisive stage of developing of a moderately prosperous society in all aspects,hazy weather has become a major obstacle to the further advancement of China.Therefore,improving the level and efficiency of haze governance has become essential.Based on the DPSIR model,this paper builds a haze governance level and efficiency index system using the entropy method and the super-efficiency data envelope-analysis(DEA)model to analyze the data for 31 cities in North China from 2007 to 2016.From the aspects of spatial differences and influence factors influencing the comparative analysis,the results are as follows.(1)During the investigation period,the level and efficiency of city haze governance in North China showed a trend of fluctuation and decline,with obvious stages in their characteristics.Haze governance efficiency is much higher than its level,and its mean value reaches the DEA level which indicates that it is effective.(2)A significant regional gradient difference occurs between these two aspects.The haze governance level presents a convex distribution pattern of"east low–middle high–west low",while the haze governance efficiency presents a concave distribution pattern of"east high–middle low–west high".(3)The regression results show that economic growth has a negative effect on both haze governance level and efficiency.By contrast,the industrial structure has a positive effect on haze governance level and efficiency,but the significance of its effect on these two is different.On this basis,policy suggestions are proposed for improving the level and efficiency of haze governance in various cities in North China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2016YFC0400201, 2016YFC0400 205)the ‘111’ Project from the Ministry of Education of China and the State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China (B12007)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Yangling Demonstration Zone (2015NY-16)
文摘Severe resource shortage and waste of resource in agricultural production make it necessary to assess efficiency to increase productivity with high efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural development. This paper adopted an input-oriented data envelopment analysis(DEA) method with the assumption of variable returns to scale to evaluate agricultural production efficiency of 100 major irrigation districts in Northwest China in 2010.Major findings of this paper were as follows: firstly, the average value of total technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of those irrigation districts in Northwest China were 0.770, 0.825 and 0.931,respectively; secondly, 30% of irrigation districts were technically efficient, while 42% and 32% of them showed pure technical and scale efficiency respectively. Among inefficient decision-making units, total technical efficiency score varied from 0.313 to 0.966, showing significant geographical differences, but geographical differences of pure technical efficiency was more consistent with that of total technical efficiency; thirdly, input redundancy was evident. Inputs of agricultural population, irrigation area,green water, blue water, consumption of fertilizer and agricultural machinery could be reduced by 34.88%,40.19%, 43.85%, 47.10%, 41.53% and 42.21% respectively without reducing agricultural outputs. Furthermore,irrigation area, green water and blue water had relatively high slack movement though Northwest China which is short of water resources. Based on these results, this paper drew the following conclusions: First, there is huge potential for Northwest China to improve its agricultural production efficiency, and agro-technology not input scale had greater influence on improvement. Second, farmers needed proper guidance in order to reduce agricultural inputs and it is time to centralize agricultural management for overall agricultural inputs regulation and control.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Environmental Production of China （No. 2110203） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 41101138）.
文摘The aim of this paper is to study the spatialtemporal differentiation of industrial eco-efficiency in China. Using methods based on the data envelopment analysis （DEA） model and exploratory spatial data analysis （ESDA） and data from 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2008 of 30 provinces in China, the spatial-temporal pattern changes in industrial eco-efficiency are discussed. The results show that： first, the patterns of industrial eco-efficiency are dominated by clustering of relatively low efficiency provinces; second, spatial relationships between the industrial eco-efficiencies of different provinces changed slightly throughout the period and the provinces persistently exhibit spatial concentration of relatively low industrial eco-efficiency; finally, there is an obvious trend in the polarization of industrial eco-efficiency, i.e., the higher level spatial units are concentrated in eastern China, and the lower level spatial units are mainly in western and central China. （ESDA）
