Daytime star images captured by dedicated near-space star sensors are characterized by short exposures,high noise,and low Signal-to-Noise Ratios(SNRs).Such imaging is also affected by atmospheric turbulence,causing op...Daytime star images captured by dedicated near-space star sensors are characterized by short exposures,high noise,and low Signal-to-Noise Ratios(SNRs).Such imaging is also affected by atmospheric turbulence,causing optical phenomena,such as scintillation,distortion,and jitter.This causes difficulty in recording high-precision star images during the daytime.This study proposes an adaptive star point extraction method based on dynamically predicting stars'positions.First,it predicts the approximate position of stars based on the star catalog,sensor attitude,observation time,and other information,improving the extraction accuracy.Second,it employs a regional SNR sorting method that adaptively selects star images with higher SNRs,suppressing the scintillation effect and enhancing the SNR of star images.Third,depending on the star's motion trajectory characteristics on the image plane,it utilizes the centroid smoothing method for extraction,thus overcoming the impact of star drift.Field experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively overcome star scintillation,drift,and irregular imaging caused by atmospheric turbulence,achieving a 100%success rate.Moreover,the extraction accuracy improves by more than 80%compared to traditional adaptive methods,attaining a value of 0.05 pixels(0.5"),thereby meeting the requirements of daytime astronomical attitude determination and positioning.展开更多
Daytime radiative cooling is an eco-friendly and passive cooling technology that operates without external energy input.Materials designed for this purpose are engineered to possess high reflectivity in the solar spec...Daytime radiative cooling is an eco-friendly and passive cooling technology that operates without external energy input.Materials designed for this purpose are engineered to possess high reflectivity in the solar spectrum and high emissivity within the atmospheric transmission window.Unlike broadbandemissive daytime radiative cooling materials,spectrally selective daytime radiative cooling(SSDRC)materials exhibit predominant mid-infrared emission in the atmospheric transmission window.This selective mid-infrared emission suppresses thermal radiation absorption beyond the atmospheric transmission window range,thereby improving the net cooling power of daytime radiative cooling.This review elucidates the fundamental characteristics of SSDRC materials,including their molecular structures,micro-and nanostructures,optical properties,and thermodynamic principles.It also provides a comprehensive overview of the design and fabrication of SSDRC materials in three typical forms,i.e.,fibrous materials,membranes,and particle coatings,highlighting their respective cooling mechanisms and performance.Furthermore,the practical applications of SSDRC in personal thermal management,outdoor building cooling,and energy harvesting are summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects are discussed to guide researchers in advancing SSDRC materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND Work-family conflicts and daytime sleepiness are related to the risk of suicide.At present,no study has investigated the relationship between nurses’work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.Mo...BACKGROUND Work-family conflicts and daytime sleepiness are related to the risk of suicide.At present,no study has investigated the relationship between nurses’work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.Moreover,it has not been confirmed whether,considering the effect of daytime sleepiness on suicide risk,daytime sleepiness mediates the effect of work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.AIM To explore the pathway relationships among nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict,daytime sleepiness,and suicide risk.METHODS Convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to select 750 nurses from six provinces,including Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shanxi.The work-family behavioral role conflict scale,the Chinese adult daytime sleepiness scale,and the suicide behavior questionnaire were used for the survey.The data were statistically analyzed via SPSS 25.0 software,Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between the variables,the PROCESS 4.0 program was used for the mediation effect analysis,and the mediation effect model was tested via the bootstrap method.RESULTS Nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and daytime sleepiness were positively correlated with suicide risk(r=734,0.717).Work-family behavioral role conflict positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.118),and daytime sleepiness positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.152).Daytime sleepiness partially mediated the role of nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk,with a mediation effect value of 0.046 and a mediation effect accounting for 38.98%.CONCLUSION The results of the Pearson correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis revealed that nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict has a direct effect on suicide risk and indirectly affects suicide risk through daytime drowsiness symptoms.展开更多
This study showed how the daytime length in Jiaozhou Bay affected the water temperature, which in turn affected the phytoplankton growth when solar radiation was sufficient for phytoplankton photosynthesis. Jiaozhou B...This study showed how the daytime length in Jiaozhou Bay affected the water temperature, which in turn affected the phytoplankton growth when solar radiation was sufficient for phytoplankton photosynthesis. Jiaozhou Bay observation data collected from May 1991 to February 1994 were used to analyze the daytime length vs water temperature relationship. Our study showed that daytime length and the variation controlled the cycle of water temperature flunctuation. Should the cyclic variation curve of the daytime length be moved back for two months it would be superimposed with temperature change. The values of daytime length and temperature that calculated in the dynamical model of daytime length lag vs water temperature were consistent with observed values. The light radiation and daytime length in this model determined the photochemistry process and the enzymic catalysis process of phytoplankton photosynthesis. In addition, by considering the effect of the daytime length on water temperature and photosynthesis, we could comprehend the joint effect of daytime length, water temperature, and nutrients, on the spatiotemporal variation of primary production in Jiaozhou Bay.展开更多
Urban population during the daytime and at night and their spatial distribution are important bases for planning urban infrastructure, public services and disaster relief. As current population statistics cannot disti...Urban population during the daytime and at night and their spatial distribution are important bases for planning urban infrastructure, public services and disaster relief. As current population statistics cannot distinguish urban population during the daytime from that at night, existed research in this field are quite limited. This paper tries to advance studies at this aspect by establishing a relationship model for the three components of ＇population, land use and time （daytime or night）＇ to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of different types of population, which is aimed to estimate urban population during the daytime and at night and to analyze their spatial characteristics at grid scale. Furthermore, an empirical case study has been carried out at the Haidian District in Beijing, China to test the model. The results are as follows： （1） The spatial structure of urban population during the daytime is significantly different from that at night. The spatial distribution of urban population during the daytime is more extensive and more agglomerated that that at night. （2） Several types of spatial coupling relationship between population during the daytime and that at night have been identified, such as sandwich mode, symmetry mode, convergence mode and single mode, etc. （3） The spatial distribution of daytime and nighttime population also reflects certain factors during the development of China, such as the distribution of old residential areas, the construction of new industrial districts, and the differences between urban and rural areas, which can provide reference points for studies in this field and other regional research.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to examine the associations of daytime napping with incident risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and hypertension(HTN).Methods Data for napping and CVD outcomes in 25 provinces were collec...Objective This study aimed to examine the associations of daytime napping with incident risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and hypertension(HTN).Methods Data for napping and CVD outcomes in 25 provinces were collected from baseline(2010)and three waves of follow-up(2012-2017)investigations of the China Family Panel Studies.Cox frailty models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to assess the longitudinal effects of daytime napping on CVD and HTN.Results Compared with non-nappers,30+min nappers had higher risks of CVD and HTN,while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Incident risks among 30-to<60-min nappers increased by 22%[hazard ratio(HR)1.22,95% confidence interval(CI)1.08-1.39]for CVD and 21%(1.21,1.04-1.41)for HTN,respectively,with corresponding HRs of CVD and HTN of 1.27(1.09-1.47)and 1.38(1.16-1.65)among≥60 min nappers.Nap-associated CVD risks varied by subgroups,with stronger associations in participants with lower body mass index(<24 kg/m^(2)),physically inactive persons,smokers,and participants with longer nighttime sleep(≥7 h/night).Significant effects of daytime napping were observed on rural and northern residents only,highlighting great regional variations in CVD risks associated with napping habits.Conclusions This cohort study revealed strong evidence that long daytime napping(≥30 min)is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events.展开更多
The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive ...The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was explored.Forty-five cases of primary lung cancer suitable for surgical resection at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and December 2017 were recruited (lung cancer group),and there were 45 patients in the control group who had no significant differences in age,sex and other general data from lung cancer group.The analyzed covariates included general situation,snore score,the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),apnea and hypopneas index (AHI),oxygen desaturation index 4 (ODk),lowest arterial oxygen saturation [LSpCh (%)],oxygen below 90% of the time [T90%(min)],the percentage of the total recorded time spend below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%),to explore the possible relationship between lung cancer and above indicators.The participants were followed up for one year.The results showed that:(1) There was significant difference in body mass index (BMI),ESS,AHI,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh,snore score and LSpCh (%) between lung cancer group and control group (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in age,gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD),and smoking history between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Patients in the lung cancer group were divided into OSAS subgroup and non- OSAS subgroup according to the international standard for the diagnosis of OSAS.There was significant difference in BMI,age,staging,incidence of concurrent hypertension and concurrent CHD,snore score,ESS score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and LSpCh (%) between OSAS subgroup and non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent diabetes,smoking history and lung cancer type between the two groups (P>0.05);(3) AHI was strongly negatively correlated with the LSpCh (%) and positively with ESS,staging,snoring score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and BMI (P<0.05);(4) There were 3 deaths,5 cases of recurrence,and 4 cases of metastasis in OSAS subgroup;and there was 1 death,4 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of metastasis in non-OSAS subgroup during the follow-up period of one year,respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality,recurrence rate and metastasis rate between the two subgroups,and the total rate of deterioration in OSAS subgroup was significantly increased compared to the non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).It was concluded that the patients with lung cancer are prone to nocturnal hypoxemia,apnea,snoring and daytime sleepiness compared to control group.The incidence of OSAS in patients with lung cancer was higher,and the difference in the hypoxemia-related indicators was statistically significant.The mortality,recurrence rate,and metastasis rate increases in lung cancer patients with OSAS during the one-year follow-up period,suggesting that OSAS may be a contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.展开更多
Land surface temperature(LST)is an important variable for assessing climate change and related environmental impacts observed in recent decades.Regular monitoring of LST using satellite sensors such as MODIS has the a...Land surface temperature(LST)is an important variable for assessing climate change and related environmental impacts observed in recent decades.Regular monitoring of LST using satellite sensors such as MODIS has the advantage of global coverage,including topographically complex regions such as Nepal.In order to assess the climatic and environmental changes,daytime and nighttime LST trend analysis from 2000 to 2017 using Terra-MODIS monthly daytime and nighttime LST datasets at seasonal and annual scales over the territory of Nepal was performed.The magnitude of the trend was quantified using ordinary linear regression,while the statistical significance of the trend was identified by the Modified Mann—Kendall test.Our findings suggest that the nighttime LST in Nepal increased more prominently compared to the daytime LST,with more pronounced warming in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons.The annual nighttime LST increased at a rate of 0.05 K yr-1(p<0.01),while the daytime LST change was statistically insignificant.Spatial heterogeneity of the LST and LST change was observed both during the day and the night.The daytime LST remained fairly unchanged in large parts of Nepal,while a nighttime LST rise was dominant all across Nepal in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons.Our results on LST trends and their spatial distribution can facilitate a better understanding of regional climate changes.展开更多
Personal daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)materials have high sunlight reflection and high selective emis-sivity to outer space in the main atmospheric window,demonstrating huge potential in energy-saving for sustainabl...Personal daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)materials have high sunlight reflection and high selective emis-sivity to outer space in the main atmospheric window,demonstrating huge potential in energy-saving for sustainable development.Recently,polymer-based membranes for radiative cooling have been widely re-ported,due to their easy processing,low cost,and unique optical performance.However,the desired high sunlight reflectance of PDRC materials is easily dampened by environmental aging,high temperature,and ultraviolet(UV)irradiation,resulting in reduced cooling performance for most polymers,adverse to large-scale practical applications.In this work,we demonstrate a novel polyimide nanofiber(PINF)membrane with a fluorine-containing structure via typical electrospinning technology.The resultant PINF membrane exhibits high sunlight reflectance,UV resistance,and excellent thermal stability,rendering anti-aging day-time radiative cooling.The sunlight reflectance of PINF membranes could maintain constant in the aging test for continuous 720 h under outdoor solar irradiation,exhibiting durable and long-term personal day-time radiative cooling performance.展开更多
Objective:To investigate gender difference in the effects of daytime sleep on item and source memories,which are dissociable elements of declarative memory,and the effects of sleep on recollection and familiarity,whic...Objective:To investigate gender difference in the effects of daytime sleep on item and source memories,which are dissociable elements of declarative memory,and the effects of sleep on recollection and familiarity,which are two processes underlying recognition. Methods:Participants saw a series of pictures with either blue or red background,and were then given a pretest for item and source memories. Then males and females respectively were randomly assigned either to a wake or a sleep condition. In the wake condition,participants remained awake until the posttest;in the sleep condition,participants slept for 1 h until awakened and asked to remain awake until the posttest. Results:Daytime sleep contributed to retention of source memory rather than item memory in females,whereas males undergoing daytime sleep had a trend towards increased familiarity. For females,however,neither recollection nor familiarity appeared to be influenced by daytime sleep. Conclusion:The mechanism underlying gender difference may be linked with different memory traces resulting from different encoding strategies,as well as with different electrophysiological changes during daytime sleep.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the impact of primary glaucoma on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of patients.METHODS:Prospective cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling in South-East Asian population was performed.Va...AIM:To investigate the impact of primary glaucoma on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of patients.METHODS:Prospective cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling in South-East Asian population was performed.Validated questionnaires:the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)were administered prospectively.Subjects with nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy or concomitant retinal pathology were excluded.Glaucoma severity was based on HVF 24-2 perimetry.Binocular single vision was represented based on the better eye.Frequency of and predictive factors for poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness were compared.RESULTS:A total of 79 primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),27 primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)patients,and 89 controls were recruited.PACG patients had higher median PSQI scores(P=0.004)and poorer sleep quality(P<0.001).Compared to controls,PACG patients were 3.34 times more likely to have poor sleep quality(P=0.008),which remained significant after adjustment for demographics(P=0.016)and predictive variables(P=0.013).PACG patients have poorer sleep quality when visual acuity(VA)was 6/15 or worse(P=0.009).Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictive variables for poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness did not find statistical significance.CONCLUSION:PACG patients have poorer sleep quality but not daytime sleepiness.This is important in South-East Asian population with heavy disease burden.Evaluations on sleep disturbances can be considered to provide more ho istic care.展开更多
Background:To explore the application effect of Acknowledge-Introduce-Duration-Explanation-Thank you(AIDET)communication mode in reducing anxiety and improving the care services satisfaction of the patients.Methods:Th...Background:To explore the application effect of Acknowledge-Introduce-Duration-Explanation-Thank you(AIDET)communication mode in reducing anxiety and improving the care services satisfaction of the patients.Methods:The 100 cases undergoing cataract daytime operation from February to July 2019 were divided into test group and control group.The test group conducted health education and nursing care for patients during admission,pre-operation,post-operation,and discharge according to the AIDET communication mode.And the control group was given health education and nursing care to the patients according to the traditional way of communication.Results:The difference of the socioeconomic information between these two groups showed no statistical significance.The care services satisfaction score in the test group was statistically higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)score in the test group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).This result indicated that the patients suffered less anxiety with the AIDET mode of communication.Conclusions:The application of AIDET communication mode to the nursing service of cataract daytime operation can reduce the tension and anxiety of the patients from the treatment and improve their satisfaction to care services.展开更多
Based on a current fog detection theory,a multiband threshold method for MODIS data was put forward to detect daytime fog in the South China Sea.It used Bands 1,2,18,20 and 31 of MODIS data to separate fog from the cl...Based on a current fog detection theory,a multiband threshold method for MODIS data was put forward to detect daytime fog in the South China Sea.It used Bands 1,2,18,20 and 31 of MODIS data to separate fog from the cloud and the sea surface.The digital detection indexes were as follows.If RB1【20%,RB2【20% and RB1】RB2,the pixel was identified to be the sea surface.If RB1】55%,RB2】55% and TB31【273 K,the pixel was identified to be a middle-and high-level cloud.If IFC】20,the pixel was classified to be sea fog.The method was verified with sea fog data observed from the coastal region of Guangdong during January-April 2011.Out of the 13 samples of satellite detection,nine were consistent with the surface observations,three were identified to be low-level the cloud according to the satellite detection but fog according to the surface observations,and only one sample was identified to be the ocean surface by the satellite detection but fog by the surface observations.Because the MODIS data cannot penetrate the cloud or fog,the model was designed for a single field of view which had only one layer of cloud or fog.It can accurately distinguish fog which is not covered by the cloud,but it identifies fog as cloud if the former is covered by a cloud.Generally speaking,the model is effective and feasible.展开更多
A tunable selective emitter with hollow zigzag SiO_(2) metamaterials, which are deposited on Si_(3) N_(4) and Ag film, is proposed and numerically investigated for achieving excellent radiative cooling effects. The av...A tunable selective emitter with hollow zigzag SiO_(2) metamaterials, which are deposited on Si_(3) N_(4) and Ag film, is proposed and numerically investigated for achieving excellent radiative cooling effects. The average emissivity reaches a high value of 98.7% in the atmospheric window and possesses a high reflectivity of 92.0% in the solar spectrum. To reveal the enhanced absorptivity, the confined electric field distribution is investigated, and it can be well explained by moth eye effects. Moreover, tunable emissivity can also be initiated with different incident angles and it stays above 83% when the incident angle is less than 80°, embodying the excellent cooling performance in the atmospheric transparency window.Its net cooling power achieves 100.6 W·m^(-2), with a temperature drop of 13°, and the cooling behavior can persist in the presence of non-radiative heat exchange conditions. Therefore, high and tunable selective emitters based on our designed structure could provide a new route to realizing high-performance radiative cooling. This work is also of great significance for saving energy and environmental protection.展开更多
Children's fractures are very common,and many children's fractures need internal fixation.When the children are treated and recovered,it needs to be internally fixed and then taken out.With the development of ...Children's fractures are very common,and many children's fractures need internal fixation.When the children are treated and recovered,it needs to be internally fixed and then taken out.With the development of internal fixation materials,the research of surgical methods and the improvement of surgical skills,postoperative removal of orthopedic surgery patients has gradually been included in daytime surgery.While ensuring the safety of children's surgery,it is necessary to shorten the postoperative limb and joint function recovery time,promote the recovery of limb and joint function,the healing of wounds and bones,and reduce the occurrence of these complications.In order to reduce the occurrence of these complications,carry out early rehabilitation education and development early rehabilitation training is very necessary.This paper puts forward the concept of early rehabilitation based on shared decision model,in which doctors,nurses,children and family members participate in the treatment of children before,during and after operation.The effect of early rehabilitation education in the daytime ward after removal of internal fixation was examined.Moreover,through the analysis of the control trial also confirmed that the clinical effect of early rehabilitation in improving and optimizing the rehabilitation of fracture in children is significant.展开更多
The harmful effects of technological devices, including smart phones have been increasingly suspected among university students;bedtimes have become increasingly later at night, and leisure activities often extend thr...The harmful effects of technological devices, including smart phones have been increasingly suspected among university students;bedtimes have become increasingly later at night, and leisure activities often extend through the night. Likewise, availability and need of increasing part-time job hours have been considered. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship among lifestyles, quality of sleep, and daytime drowsiness of nursing students of University A. The research was conducted in June 2015, when student life rhythms were considered stable after two months of lectures. Responses with missing values or with inappropriate answers were excluded. Of the data collected from 96 respondents, only 71 were acceptable. The survey focused on lifestyle, daytime sleepiness (using ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and quality of subjective sleep (using the PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Shikoku University. While in this study, more than half (63.4%) of the students had poor quality of sleep, however, there was no relationship between their quality of sleep and daytime drowsiness, or between their lifestyles and the quality of sleep. These findings suggest that while university students’ use of technological devices is suspected to influence on sleep deprivation and consequent daytime drowsiness, the findings did not provide the evidence.展开更多
Sleep-wake disorders play an important role among non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease, being a constant subject of research in recent years. There are a multitude of sleep-wake disturbances that worsen the pati...Sleep-wake disorders play an important role among non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease, being a constant subject of research in recent years. There are a multitude of sleep-wake disturbances that worsen the patient’s quality of life, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness being two of the most frequent complaints. The aim of this review is to highlight the most relevant clinical trials conducted during the last 5 years, focusing on the problematic of insomnia and daytime sleepiness correlated with Parkinson’s Disease and its treatment. Three electronic databases (Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar) were searched during March and April 2020 for articles on this topic, finally selecting 21 most relevant articles that we have included in this review. Interesting aspects regarding correlation between sleep-wake disorders and Parkinson’s disease were found, showing that non-motor symptoms may be independent of the disease itself. We discussed the most recent advances in treatment opportunities and the adverse effects, with insomnia and daytime sleepiness among the most common complaints. Besides newly developed pharmacological therapy, consisting in mostly dopaminergic agonists or levodopa adjuvant drugs. Other possibly effective therapies on sleep-wake disorders such as deep brain stimulation, dietary changes, bright light therapy and alternative medicine protocols are also reviewed. Insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness are common complaints in Parkinson’s disease patients, being either self-standing non-motor symptoms or adverse effects of the antiparkinsonian medication, diminishing patient’s quality of life. The effervescence of research on this topic shows promising results, with new clinical trials still to come in the near future.展开更多
Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common in adults. A need exists for an easier and faster objective clinical measures of EDS. The autonomic nervous system controls pupil size and prior pupillometry st...Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common in adults. A need exists for an easier and faster objective clinical measures of EDS. The autonomic nervous system controls pupil size and prior pupillometry studies have demonstrated associations with sleepiness. We used a novel portable device to assess pupillometry and prospectively evaluated a sleep clinic cohort. Methods: Following IRB approval Pupillometry (The ForSiteTM, NeurOptics, Irvine, CA), was performed on 113 sleep clinic patients. Constriction and dilation velocity and latencies, minimum and maximum aperture were obtained along with Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), 10 point Visual Analog Scale (VAS), BMI, gender, age and AHI. Three sets of measures were obtained and analyzed with ANOVA, t-test, Linear Regression and Pearson correlation coefficients (SAS, Cary, NC). Results: Both constriction velocity and latency correlated with VAS (n = 88, r = 0.28, p = 0.007 and r = 0.31, p = 0.004). Only constriction velocity correlated with AHI (n = 78, r = -0.27, p = 0.016). Multivariate linear regression which includes VAS and age predicted constriction velocity (r = 0.36, p = 0.002) and latency (r = 0.38, p = 0.001). Using Pearson correlation, AHI and VAS combined were associated with constriction velocity (-0.273 (0.016), and 0.284 (0.007), respectively). Using a maximum constriction velocity threshold value (age adjusted) of 2.8, VAS ≥ 6 was predicted with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 84%. Conclusions: Pupillary constriction velocity and latency predict self-reported VAS state of sleepiness. While both are affected by age, only constriction velocity is affected by apnea severity. These data suggest that a portable pupillometer may provide a method to identify individuals with abnormal sleepiness.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with subjective sleep evaluation, chiefly excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) adult outpatients under continuous pos...The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with subjective sleep evaluation, chiefly excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) adult outpatients under continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. One thousand and forty-eight OSAS outpatients (mean age: 51.4% male: 90.5%) who were treated by CPAP were consecutively collected. Age, sex, CPAP compliance (CPAP usage as their device of nights with application-time of at least 4 hours per night objectively;%usage ≥ 4 h/d), and Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) of the patients showing EDS (Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale;JESS ≥ 11) were compared cross-sectionally with those of the patients who did not show EDS (JESS < 11). Nineteen point two % of all patients showed EDS subjectively. Two hundred one patients were classified to an EDS(+) group and an 847 patients were classified to EDS(–) group. Age and global PSQI-J scores were significantly different between the two groups. Logistic regression showed that EDS was significantly associated with global PSQI-J scores, but not with age. Among PSQI-J components, overall sleep quality, duration of sleep, sleep disturbance, and day dysfunction due to sleepiness were significantly higher in the EDS(+) group. Especially, 19.4% of patient in the EDS(+) group reported actual sleep time during the past month to be less than 5 hours/day. Although functional relationship should be further evaluated, insufficient sleep is the main factor associated with EDS in the OSAS patients under CPAP treatment.展开更多
In this study,we proposed a multi-source approach for mapping local-scale population density of England.Specifically,we mapped both the working and daytime population densities by integrating the multi-source data suc...In this study,we proposed a multi-source approach for mapping local-scale population density of England.Specifically,we mapped both the working and daytime population densities by integrating the multi-source data such as residential population density,point-of-interest density,point-of-interest category mix,and nighttime light intensity.It is demonstrated that combining remote sensing and social sensing data provides a plausible way to map annual working or daytime population densities.In this paper,we trained models with England-wide data and subsequently tested these models with Wales-wide data.In addition,we further tested the models with England-wide data at a higher level of spatial granularity.Particularly,the random forest and convolutional neural network models were adopted to map population density.The estimated results and validation suggest that the three built models have high prediction accuracies at the local authority district level.It is shown that the convolutional neural network models have the greatest prediction accuracies at the local authority district level though they are most time-consuming.The models trained with the data at the local authority district level are less appropriately applicable to test data at a higher level of spatial granularity.The proposed multi-source approach performs well in mapping local-scale population density.It indicates that combining remote sensing and social sensing data is advantageous to mapping socioeconomic variables.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42374011,42074013)through the Natural Science Foundation’s Outstanding Youth Fund Program of Henan Province,China(Nos.242300421150,242300421151)。
文摘Daytime star images captured by dedicated near-space star sensors are characterized by short exposures,high noise,and low Signal-to-Noise Ratios(SNRs).Such imaging is also affected by atmospheric turbulence,causing optical phenomena,such as scintillation,distortion,and jitter.This causes difficulty in recording high-precision star images during the daytime.This study proposes an adaptive star point extraction method based on dynamically predicting stars'positions.First,it predicts the approximate position of stars based on the star catalog,sensor attitude,observation time,and other information,improving the extraction accuracy.Second,it employs a regional SNR sorting method that adaptively selects star images with higher SNRs,suppressing the scintillation effect and enhancing the SNR of star images.Third,depending on the star's motion trajectory characteristics on the image plane,it utilizes the centroid smoothing method for extraction,thus overcoming the impact of star drift.Field experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively overcome star scintillation,drift,and irregular imaging caused by atmospheric turbulence,achieving a 100%success rate.Moreover,the extraction accuracy improves by more than 80%compared to traditional adaptive methods,attaining a value of 0.05 pixels(0.5"),thereby meeting the requirements of daytime astronomical attitude determination and positioning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308236)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742530,2024T170623)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJA430012)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20230501)the Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education),Jilin University(KF2023002).
文摘Daytime radiative cooling is an eco-friendly and passive cooling technology that operates without external energy input.Materials designed for this purpose are engineered to possess high reflectivity in the solar spectrum and high emissivity within the atmospheric transmission window.Unlike broadbandemissive daytime radiative cooling materials,spectrally selective daytime radiative cooling(SSDRC)materials exhibit predominant mid-infrared emission in the atmospheric transmission window.This selective mid-infrared emission suppresses thermal radiation absorption beyond the atmospheric transmission window range,thereby improving the net cooling power of daytime radiative cooling.This review elucidates the fundamental characteristics of SSDRC materials,including their molecular structures,micro-and nanostructures,optical properties,and thermodynamic principles.It also provides a comprehensive overview of the design and fabrication of SSDRC materials in three typical forms,i.e.,fibrous materials,membranes,and particle coatings,highlighting their respective cooling mechanisms and performance.Furthermore,the practical applications of SSDRC in personal thermal management,outdoor building cooling,and energy harvesting are summarized.Finally,the challenges and prospects are discussed to guide researchers in advancing SSDRC materials.
文摘BACKGROUND Work-family conflicts and daytime sleepiness are related to the risk of suicide.At present,no study has investigated the relationship between nurses’work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.Moreover,it has not been confirmed whether,considering the effect of daytime sleepiness on suicide risk,daytime sleepiness mediates the effect of work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.AIM To explore the pathway relationships among nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict,daytime sleepiness,and suicide risk.METHODS Convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to select 750 nurses from six provinces,including Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shanxi.The work-family behavioral role conflict scale,the Chinese adult daytime sleepiness scale,and the suicide behavior questionnaire were used for the survey.The data were statistically analyzed via SPSS 25.0 software,Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between the variables,the PROCESS 4.0 program was used for the mediation effect analysis,and the mediation effect model was tested via the bootstrap method.RESULTS Nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and daytime sleepiness were positively correlated with suicide risk(r=734,0.717).Work-family behavioral role conflict positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.118),and daytime sleepiness positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.152).Daytime sleepiness partially mediated the role of nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk,with a mediation effect value of 0.046 and a mediation effect accounting for 38.98%.CONCLUSION The results of the Pearson correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis revealed that nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict has a direct effect on suicide risk and indirectly affects suicide risk through daytime drowsiness symptoms.
文摘This study showed how the daytime length in Jiaozhou Bay affected the water temperature, which in turn affected the phytoplankton growth when solar radiation was sufficient for phytoplankton photosynthesis. Jiaozhou Bay observation data collected from May 1991 to February 1994 were used to analyze the daytime length vs water temperature relationship. Our study showed that daytime length and the variation controlled the cycle of water temperature flunctuation. Should the cyclic variation curve of the daytime length be moved back for two months it would be superimposed with temperature change. The values of daytime length and temperature that calculated in the dynamical model of daytime length lag vs water temperature were consistent with observed values. The light radiation and daytime length in this model determined the photochemistry process and the enzymic catalysis process of phytoplankton photosynthesis. In addition, by considering the effect of the daytime length on water temperature and photosynthesis, we could comprehend the joint effect of daytime length, water temperature, and nutrients, on the spatiotemporal variation of primary production in Jiaozhou Bay.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41271174 National Science and Technology Support Program, No.2012BAI32B07
文摘Urban population during the daytime and at night and their spatial distribution are important bases for planning urban infrastructure, public services and disaster relief. As current population statistics cannot distinguish urban population during the daytime from that at night, existed research in this field are quite limited. This paper tries to advance studies at this aspect by establishing a relationship model for the three components of ＇population, land use and time （daytime or night）＇ to explore the temporal and spatial characteristics of different types of population, which is aimed to estimate urban population during the daytime and at night and to analyze their spatial characteristics at grid scale. Furthermore, an empirical case study has been carried out at the Haidian District in Beijing, China to test the model. The results are as follows： （1） The spatial structure of urban population during the daytime is significantly different from that at night. The spatial distribution of urban population during the daytime is more extensive and more agglomerated that that at night. （2） Several types of spatial coupling relationship between population during the daytime and that at night have been identified, such as sandwich mode, symmetry mode, convergence mode and single mode, etc. （3） The spatial distribution of daytime and nighttime population also reflects certain factors during the development of China, such as the distribution of old residential areas, the construction of new industrial districts, and the differences between urban and rural areas, which can provide reference points for studies in this field and other regional research.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education[Grant No.Q20201104]the Open Fund Project of Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control[Grant No.OHIC2020Y01]。
文摘Objective This study aimed to examine the associations of daytime napping with incident risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)and hypertension(HTN).Methods Data for napping and CVD outcomes in 25 provinces were collected from baseline(2010)and three waves of follow-up(2012-2017)investigations of the China Family Panel Studies.Cox frailty models with random intercepts for the surveyed provinces were used to assess the longitudinal effects of daytime napping on CVD and HTN.Results Compared with non-nappers,30+min nappers had higher risks of CVD and HTN,while no significant associations were observed among<30 min nappers.Incident risks among 30-to<60-min nappers increased by 22%[hazard ratio(HR)1.22,95% confidence interval(CI)1.08-1.39]for CVD and 21%(1.21,1.04-1.41)for HTN,respectively,with corresponding HRs of CVD and HTN of 1.27(1.09-1.47)and 1.38(1.16-1.65)among≥60 min nappers.Nap-associated CVD risks varied by subgroups,with stronger associations in participants with lower body mass index(<24 kg/m^(2)),physically inactive persons,smokers,and participants with longer nighttime sleep(≥7 h/night).Significant effects of daytime napping were observed on rural and northern residents only,highlighting great regional variations in CVD risks associated with napping habits.Conclusions This cohort study revealed strong evidence that long daytime napping(≥30 min)is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81300064).
文摘The possible relationship between lung cancer and nocturnal intermittent hypoxia,apnea and daytime sleepiness,especially the possible relationship between the occurrence and progression of lung cancer and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was explored.Forty-five cases of primary lung cancer suitable for surgical resection at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between January 2017 and December 2017 were recruited (lung cancer group),and there were 45 patients in the control group who had no significant differences in age,sex and other general data from lung cancer group.The analyzed covariates included general situation,snore score,the Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),apnea and hypopneas index (AHI),oxygen desaturation index 4 (ODk),lowest arterial oxygen saturation [LSpCh (%)],oxygen below 90% of the time [T90%(min)],the percentage of the total recorded time spend below 90% oxygen saturation (TS90%),to explore the possible relationship between lung cancer and above indicators.The participants were followed up for one year.The results showed that:(1) There was significant difference in body mass index (BMI),ESS,AHI,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh,snore score and LSpCh (%) between lung cancer group and control group (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in age,gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent hypertension,diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD),and smoking history between the two groups (P>0.05);(2) Patients in the lung cancer group were divided into OSAS subgroup and non- OSAS subgroup according to the international standard for the diagnosis of OSAS.There was significant difference in BMI,age,staging,incidence of concurrent hypertension and concurrent CHD,snore score,ESS score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and LSpCh (%) between OSAS subgroup and non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in gender,PSQI score,incidence of concurrent diabetes,smoking history and lung cancer type between the two groups (P>0.05);(3) AHI was strongly negatively correlated with the LSpCh (%) and positively with ESS,staging,snoring score,T90%(min),TS90%,ODh and BMI (P<0.05);(4) There were 3 deaths,5 cases of recurrence,and 4 cases of metastasis in OSAS subgroup;and there was 1 death,4 cases of recurrence and 2 cases of metastasis in non-OSAS subgroup during the follow-up period of one year,respectively.There was no significant difference in mortality,recurrence rate and metastasis rate between the two subgroups,and the total rate of deterioration in OSAS subgroup was significantly increased compared to the non-OSAS subgroup (P<0.05).It was concluded that the patients with lung cancer are prone to nocturnal hypoxemia,apnea,snoring and daytime sleepiness compared to control group.The incidence of OSAS in patients with lung cancer was higher,and the difference in the hypoxemia-related indicators was statistically significant.The mortality,recurrence rate,and metastasis rate increases in lung cancer patients with OSAS during the one-year follow-up period,suggesting that OSAS may be a contributing factor to the occurrence and progression of lung cancer.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [grant numbers XDA2006010103 and XDA19070301]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 41830650,91737205,91637313,and 41661144043]
文摘Land surface temperature(LST)is an important variable for assessing climate change and related environmental impacts observed in recent decades.Regular monitoring of LST using satellite sensors such as MODIS has the advantage of global coverage,including topographically complex regions such as Nepal.In order to assess the climatic and environmental changes,daytime and nighttime LST trend analysis from 2000 to 2017 using Terra-MODIS monthly daytime and nighttime LST datasets at seasonal and annual scales over the territory of Nepal was performed.The magnitude of the trend was quantified using ordinary linear regression,while the statistical significance of the trend was identified by the Modified Mann—Kendall test.Our findings suggest that the nighttime LST in Nepal increased more prominently compared to the daytime LST,with more pronounced warming in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons.The annual nighttime LST increased at a rate of 0.05 K yr-1(p<0.01),while the daytime LST change was statistically insignificant.Spatial heterogeneity of the LST and LST change was observed both during the day and the night.The daytime LST remained fairly unchanged in large parts of Nepal,while a nighttime LST rise was dominant all across Nepal in the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons.Our results on LST trends and their spatial distribution can facilitate a better understanding of regional climate changes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52073053)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2021QNRC001)+2 种基金Shanghai Rising-Star Program(No.21QA1400300)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2021–01–07–00–03-E00108)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JUSRP123014).
文摘Personal daytime radiative cooling(PDRC)materials have high sunlight reflection and high selective emis-sivity to outer space in the main atmospheric window,demonstrating huge potential in energy-saving for sustainable development.Recently,polymer-based membranes for radiative cooling have been widely re-ported,due to their easy processing,low cost,and unique optical performance.However,the desired high sunlight reflectance of PDRC materials is easily dampened by environmental aging,high temperature,and ultraviolet(UV)irradiation,resulting in reduced cooling performance for most polymers,adverse to large-scale practical applications.In this work,we demonstrate a novel polyimide nanofiber(PINF)membrane with a fluorine-containing structure via typical electrospinning technology.The resultant PINF membrane exhibits high sunlight reflectance,UV resistance,and excellent thermal stability,rendering anti-aging day-time radiative cooling.The sunlight reflectance of PINF membranes could maintain constant in the aging test for continuous 720 h under outdoor solar irradiation,exhibiting durable and long-term personal day-time radiative cooling performance.
基金supported partially by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2006CB303101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 90820305)
文摘Objective:To investigate gender difference in the effects of daytime sleep on item and source memories,which are dissociable elements of declarative memory,and the effects of sleep on recollection and familiarity,which are two processes underlying recognition. Methods:Participants saw a series of pictures with either blue or red background,and were then given a pretest for item and source memories. Then males and females respectively were randomly assigned either to a wake or a sleep condition. In the wake condition,participants remained awake until the posttest;in the sleep condition,participants slept for 1 h until awakened and asked to remain awake until the posttest. Results:Daytime sleep contributed to retention of source memory rather than item memory in females,whereas males undergoing daytime sleep had a trend towards increased familiarity. For females,however,neither recollection nor familiarity appeared to be influenced by daytime sleep. Conclusion:The mechanism underlying gender difference may be linked with different memory traces resulting from different encoding strategies,as well as with different electrophysiological changes during daytime sleep.
文摘AIM:To investigate the impact of primary glaucoma on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness of patients.METHODS:Prospective cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling in South-East Asian population was performed.Validated questionnaires:the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)and Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS)were administered prospectively.Subjects with nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy or concomitant retinal pathology were excluded.Glaucoma severity was based on HVF 24-2 perimetry.Binocular single vision was represented based on the better eye.Frequency of and predictive factors for poor sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness were compared.RESULTS:A total of 79 primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),27 primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)patients,and 89 controls were recruited.PACG patients had higher median PSQI scores(P=0.004)and poorer sleep quality(P<0.001).Compared to controls,PACG patients were 3.34 times more likely to have poor sleep quality(P=0.008),which remained significant after adjustment for demographics(P=0.016)and predictive variables(P=0.013).PACG patients have poorer sleep quality when visual acuity(VA)was 6/15 or worse(P=0.009).Univariate and multivariate analysis of predictive variables for poor sleep quality and daytime sleepiness did not find statistical significance.CONCLUSION:PACG patients have poorer sleep quality but not daytime sleepiness.This is important in South-East Asian population with heavy disease burden.Evaluations on sleep disturbances can be considered to provide more ho istic care.
文摘Background:To explore the application effect of Acknowledge-Introduce-Duration-Explanation-Thank you(AIDET)communication mode in reducing anxiety and improving the care services satisfaction of the patients.Methods:The 100 cases undergoing cataract daytime operation from February to July 2019 were divided into test group and control group.The test group conducted health education and nursing care for patients during admission,pre-operation,post-operation,and discharge according to the AIDET communication mode.And the control group was given health education and nursing care to the patients according to the traditional way of communication.Results:The difference of the socioeconomic information between these two groups showed no statistical significance.The care services satisfaction score in the test group was statistically higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)score in the test group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.01).This result indicated that the patients suffered less anxiety with the AIDET mode of communication.Conclusions:The application of AIDET communication mode to the nursing service of cataract daytime operation can reduce the tension and anxiety of the patients from the treatment and improve their satisfaction to care services.
基金Project for Social Development from Guangdong Bureau of Science and Technology(2008B030303072)Project from Guangdong Meteorological Bureau(201017,2011A04)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of China(41005027)Science and Technology Planning Project for Guangdong Province(2012A061400012)
文摘Based on a current fog detection theory,a multiband threshold method for MODIS data was put forward to detect daytime fog in the South China Sea.It used Bands 1,2,18,20 and 31 of MODIS data to separate fog from the cloud and the sea surface.The digital detection indexes were as follows.If RB1【20%,RB2【20% and RB1】RB2,the pixel was identified to be the sea surface.If RB1】55%,RB2】55% and TB31【273 K,the pixel was identified to be a middle-and high-level cloud.If IFC】20,the pixel was classified to be sea fog.The method was verified with sea fog data observed from the coastal region of Guangdong during January-April 2011.Out of the 13 samples of satellite detection,nine were consistent with the surface observations,three were identified to be low-level the cloud according to the satellite detection but fog according to the surface observations,and only one sample was identified to be the ocean surface by the satellite detection but fog by the surface observations.Because the MODIS data cannot penetrate the cloud or fog,the model was designed for a single field of view which had only one layer of cloud or fog.It can accurately distinguish fog which is not covered by the cloud,but it identifies fog as cloud if the former is covered by a cloud.Generally speaking,the model is effective and feasible.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Educational Committee (Grant No. 21A140026)。
文摘A tunable selective emitter with hollow zigzag SiO_(2) metamaterials, which are deposited on Si_(3) N_(4) and Ag film, is proposed and numerically investigated for achieving excellent radiative cooling effects. The average emissivity reaches a high value of 98.7% in the atmospheric window and possesses a high reflectivity of 92.0% in the solar spectrum. To reveal the enhanced absorptivity, the confined electric field distribution is investigated, and it can be well explained by moth eye effects. Moreover, tunable emissivity can also be initiated with different incident angles and it stays above 83% when the incident angle is less than 80°, embodying the excellent cooling performance in the atmospheric transparency window.Its net cooling power achieves 100.6 W·m^(-2), with a temperature drop of 13°, and the cooling behavior can persist in the presence of non-radiative heat exchange conditions. Therefore, high and tunable selective emitters based on our designed structure could provide a new route to realizing high-performance radiative cooling. This work is also of great significance for saving energy and environmental protection.
基金supported by Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Project(No.YKK13138).
文摘Children's fractures are very common,and many children's fractures need internal fixation.When the children are treated and recovered,it needs to be internally fixed and then taken out.With the development of internal fixation materials,the research of surgical methods and the improvement of surgical skills,postoperative removal of orthopedic surgery patients has gradually been included in daytime surgery.While ensuring the safety of children's surgery,it is necessary to shorten the postoperative limb and joint function recovery time,promote the recovery of limb and joint function,the healing of wounds and bones,and reduce the occurrence of these complications.In order to reduce the occurrence of these complications,carry out early rehabilitation education and development early rehabilitation training is very necessary.This paper puts forward the concept of early rehabilitation based on shared decision model,in which doctors,nurses,children and family members participate in the treatment of children before,during and after operation.The effect of early rehabilitation education in the daytime ward after removal of internal fixation was examined.Moreover,through the analysis of the control trial also confirmed that the clinical effect of early rehabilitation in improving and optimizing the rehabilitation of fracture in children is significant.
文摘The harmful effects of technological devices, including smart phones have been increasingly suspected among university students;bedtimes have become increasingly later at night, and leisure activities often extend through the night. Likewise, availability and need of increasing part-time job hours have been considered. The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship among lifestyles, quality of sleep, and daytime drowsiness of nursing students of University A. The research was conducted in June 2015, when student life rhythms were considered stable after two months of lectures. Responses with missing values or with inappropriate answers were excluded. Of the data collected from 96 respondents, only 71 were acceptable. The survey focused on lifestyle, daytime sleepiness (using ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and quality of subjective sleep (using the PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Shikoku University. While in this study, more than half (63.4%) of the students had poor quality of sleep, however, there was no relationship between their quality of sleep and daytime drowsiness, or between their lifestyles and the quality of sleep. These findings suggest that while university students’ use of technological devices is suspected to influence on sleep deprivation and consequent daytime drowsiness, the findings did not provide the evidence.
文摘Sleep-wake disorders play an important role among non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease, being a constant subject of research in recent years. There are a multitude of sleep-wake disturbances that worsen the patient’s quality of life, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness being two of the most frequent complaints. The aim of this review is to highlight the most relevant clinical trials conducted during the last 5 years, focusing on the problematic of insomnia and daytime sleepiness correlated with Parkinson’s Disease and its treatment. Three electronic databases (Pubmed, Science Direct and Google Scholar) were searched during March and April 2020 for articles on this topic, finally selecting 21 most relevant articles that we have included in this review. Interesting aspects regarding correlation between sleep-wake disorders and Parkinson’s disease were found, showing that non-motor symptoms may be independent of the disease itself. We discussed the most recent advances in treatment opportunities and the adverse effects, with insomnia and daytime sleepiness among the most common complaints. Besides newly developed pharmacological therapy, consisting in mostly dopaminergic agonists or levodopa adjuvant drugs. Other possibly effective therapies on sleep-wake disorders such as deep brain stimulation, dietary changes, bright light therapy and alternative medicine protocols are also reviewed. Insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness are common complaints in Parkinson’s disease patients, being either self-standing non-motor symptoms or adverse effects of the antiparkinsonian medication, diminishing patient’s quality of life. The effervescence of research on this topic shows promising results, with new clinical trials still to come in the near future.
文摘Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is common in adults. A need exists for an easier and faster objective clinical measures of EDS. The autonomic nervous system controls pupil size and prior pupillometry studies have demonstrated associations with sleepiness. We used a novel portable device to assess pupillometry and prospectively evaluated a sleep clinic cohort. Methods: Following IRB approval Pupillometry (The ForSiteTM, NeurOptics, Irvine, CA), was performed on 113 sleep clinic patients. Constriction and dilation velocity and latencies, minimum and maximum aperture were obtained along with Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), 10 point Visual Analog Scale (VAS), BMI, gender, age and AHI. Three sets of measures were obtained and analyzed with ANOVA, t-test, Linear Regression and Pearson correlation coefficients (SAS, Cary, NC). Results: Both constriction velocity and latency correlated with VAS (n = 88, r = 0.28, p = 0.007 and r = 0.31, p = 0.004). Only constriction velocity correlated with AHI (n = 78, r = -0.27, p = 0.016). Multivariate linear regression which includes VAS and age predicted constriction velocity (r = 0.36, p = 0.002) and latency (r = 0.38, p = 0.001). Using Pearson correlation, AHI and VAS combined were associated with constriction velocity (-0.273 (0.016), and 0.284 (0.007), respectively). Using a maximum constriction velocity threshold value (age adjusted) of 2.8, VAS ≥ 6 was predicted with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 84%. Conclusions: Pupillary constriction velocity and latency predict self-reported VAS state of sleepiness. While both are affected by age, only constriction velocity is affected by apnea severity. These data suggest that a portable pupillometer may provide a method to identify individuals with abnormal sleepiness.
文摘The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with subjective sleep evaluation, chiefly excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) adult outpatients under continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. One thousand and forty-eight OSAS outpatients (mean age: 51.4% male: 90.5%) who were treated by CPAP were consecutively collected. Age, sex, CPAP compliance (CPAP usage as their device of nights with application-time of at least 4 hours per night objectively;%usage ≥ 4 h/d), and Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J) of the patients showing EDS (Japanese version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale;JESS ≥ 11) were compared cross-sectionally with those of the patients who did not show EDS (JESS < 11). Nineteen point two % of all patients showed EDS subjectively. Two hundred one patients were classified to an EDS(+) group and an 847 patients were classified to EDS(–) group. Age and global PSQI-J scores were significantly different between the two groups. Logistic regression showed that EDS was significantly associated with global PSQI-J scores, but not with age. Among PSQI-J components, overall sleep quality, duration of sleep, sleep disturbance, and day dysfunction due to sleepiness were significantly higher in the EDS(+) group. Especially, 19.4% of patient in the EDS(+) group reported actual sleep time during the past month to be less than 5 hours/day. Although functional relationship should be further evaluated, insufficient sleep is the main factor associated with EDS in the OSAS patients under CPAP treatment.
文摘In this study,we proposed a multi-source approach for mapping local-scale population density of England.Specifically,we mapped both the working and daytime population densities by integrating the multi-source data such as residential population density,point-of-interest density,point-of-interest category mix,and nighttime light intensity.It is demonstrated that combining remote sensing and social sensing data provides a plausible way to map annual working or daytime population densities.In this paper,we trained models with England-wide data and subsequently tested these models with Wales-wide data.In addition,we further tested the models with England-wide data at a higher level of spatial granularity.Particularly,the random forest and convolutional neural network models were adopted to map population density.The estimated results and validation suggest that the three built models have high prediction accuracies at the local authority district level.It is shown that the convolutional neural network models have the greatest prediction accuracies at the local authority district level though they are most time-consuming.The models trained with the data at the local authority district level are less appropriately applicable to test data at a higher level of spatial granularity.The proposed multi-source approach performs well in mapping local-scale population density.It indicates that combining remote sensing and social sensing data is advantageous to mapping socioeconomic variables.
