Today, agricultural production is threatened by crop pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Because of their harmful effects on the environment and human health, synthetic nematicides are gradually being bann...Today, agricultural production is threatened by crop pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Because of their harmful effects on the environment and human health, synthetic nematicides are gradually being banned in several countries. This study evaluates the nematicidal activity of Datura metel oil. Datura metel seed oil was obtained using the Soxhlet extractor in hexane. The resulting oil was characterized by determining physicochemical parameters and molecular composition using GC-MS. The nematicidal activity of the oil was assessed by determining the number of dead nematodes. Physicochemical characterization gave an acidity index of 0.3% and a peroxide index of 10 meq.O2/Kg, while GC-MS analysis identified 30 molecules made up mainly of fatty acid esters, four of which represented over 74% of the oil’s total weight. The nematicidal activity of the oil, expressed in terms of mortality rate as a function of concentration, showed mortality rates of 58;69 and 79% over 48 hours of incubation at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL respectively. The activity observed could be linked to the high presence of the four compounds most commonly identified in the oil. These results suggest that Datura metel oil could be a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides for the control of crop pests.展开更多
This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of Datura stramonium seed extracts on mild steel in 1.0 mol·L^(-1)HCl and 0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4),utilizing both ethanolic and aqueous extracts as...This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of Datura stramonium seed extracts on mild steel in 1.0 mol·L^(-1)HCl and 0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4),utilizing both ethanolic and aqueous extracts as ecofriendly inhibitors.Electrochemical techniques,thermodynamic studies,and quantum chemical calculations were employed to evaluate the adsorption mechanism and inhibitory action at the metal/electrolyte interface.Maximum inhibition efficie ncies of 93.1%in HCl and 97.7%in H_(2)SO_(4) were achieved with the ethanolic extract at a concentration of 0.2 g·L^(-1),while the aqueous extract demonstrated 93.8%inhibition in HCl and 96.6%in H_(2)SO_(4).Polarization curves indicated mixed-type inhibition with a slight anodic bias.The thermodynamic analysis of two extracts in both environments indicated that the K_(ads)increased and that theΔG_(ads)were close to-40 kJ·mol^(-1),suggesting that the adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm,indicating a combination of physical and chemical adsorption.SEM/EDX analysis confirmed the formation of a protective layer,while quantum chemical studies further validated strong adsorption,evidenced by a lowΔE of 2.396 eV and an adsorption energy of-878 kcal·mol^(-1)(1kcal·mol^(-1)=4.18 kJ·mol^(-1)).These results demonstrate that Datura stramonium extracts are promising inhibitors,particularly in sulfuric acid,for industrial applications.Reason:Improved clarity,vocabulary,and technical accuracy while maintaining the original meaning.展开更多
The interest in using the Datura stramonium plant is due to its natural products,which are used in many pharmaceutical industries.The objective of the current study was to assess the therapeutic and cytotoxic effects ...The interest in using the Datura stramonium plant is due to its natural products,which are used in many pharmaceutical industries.The objective of the current study was to assess the therapeutic and cytotoxic effects of the D.stramonium plant on two types of human cancer cell models(MCF7 and HT29)in vitro.A soxhlet apparatus was used to obtain methanolic extract from dried plant leaves.The recovered crude,after the solvent had evaporated,was then dispersed at varied concentrations of extract 100,50,20,and 0.0µg/mL and tested to see how the cells responded.Also,the cancer-testis antigen(CTA)gene transcription in the two cell types exposed to the plant extract was examined using a semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS)results produced the significant main metabolites Nonanoic acid,Tropine N-Oxide,3,6-Ditigloyloxy-7-hydroxytropane,Hexadecanoic acid,2-Pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl-,Carvenone,methyl ester,Phytol,Aposcopolamine,Hyoscyamine,4,8,12,16-Tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide,Scopolamine,Alpha.-Tocospiro A,1,2-Cycloheptanedione,3,3,7,7-tetramethyl-,dihydrazone,Campesterol,Stigmasterol,Gamma-Sitosterol and dl-.alpha.-Tocopherol.The results showed that the two types of cell lines impacted by D.stramonium extract,through untreated type 1 cells(MCF7)gave a highly significant transcription according to all applicable genes.All implemented analyses cleared the strong genetic impacts of Datura extract on cancer cells’genomes.TGIF2LY and C2orf63 transcript accumulation were also significantly elevated when exposed to plant extract at a level of 50µg/mL in cell line type 2(HT29),but TGIF2LY and P53 had the lowest relative expression at a level of 100µg/mL when treated the same cell line type.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the temperature adaptability of Datura stramonium and D. stramonium var. tatual. Under 4 temperature levels,plantgrowth and pigment concentrations in leaves and stems were deter...This study was conducted to investigate the temperature adaptability of Datura stramonium and D. stramonium var. tatual. Under 4 temperature levels,plantgrowth and pigment concentrations in leaves and stems were determined, and leaf anatomic structures of D. stramonium var. tatual and D. stramonium were analyzed. The results showed that the palisade tissue thickness/sponge tissue thickness,stomatal density and stomatal index values of D. stramonium var. tatual were significantly greater than D. stramonium; the chlorophyll content/carotenoid content in leaves of D. stramonium var. tatual increased at first and decreased then, while no regularity was found in leaves of D. stramonium; and the contents of anthocyanin,flavonoids, and total phenols in stems of D. stramonium var. tatual were significantly higher than those in stems of D. stramonium. The temperature adaptability of D.stramonium var. tatual is stronger than that of D. stramonium.展开更多
India has a great wealth of various naturally occurring plant drugs which have great potential pharmacological activities.Datura stramonium(D.stramonium is one of the widely well known folklore medicinal herbs.The tro...India has a great wealth of various naturally occurring plant drugs which have great potential pharmacological activities.Datura stramonium(D.stramonium is one of the widely well known folklore medicinal herbs.The troublesome weed,D.stramonium is a plant with both poisonous and medicinal preperties and has been proven to have great pharmacological potential with a great utility real usage in folklore medicine.D.stromonium has been scientifically proven to contain alkaloids,tannins,carbohydrates and proteins.This plant has contributed various pharmacological actions in the scientific field of Indian systems of medicines like analgesic and antiasthmatic activities.The present paper presents an exclusive review work on the ethnomedical,phytochemical,pharmacological activities of this plant.展开更多
Datura stramonium L., a wild-growing plant of the Solanaceae family, is widely distributed and easily accessible. It contains a variety of toxic tropane alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscamine, and scopolamine. In East...Datura stramonium L., a wild-growing plant of the Solanaceae family, is widely distributed and easily accessible. It contains a variety of toxic tropane alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscamine, and scopolamine. In Eastern medicine, especially in Ayurvedic medicine, D. stramonium has been used for curing various human ailments, including ulcers, wounds, inflammation, rheumatism and gout, sciatica, bruises and swellings, fever, asthma and bronchitis, and toothache. A few previous studies have reported on the pharmacological effects of D. stramonium; however, complete information regarding the pharmacology, toxicity, ethnobotany and phytochemistry remains unclear. Ethnomedicinally, the frequent recreational abuse of D. stramonium has resulted in toxic syndromes. D. stramonium, in the form of paste or solution to relieve the local pain, may not have a deleterious effect; however, oral and systemic administration may lead to severe anticholinergic symptoms. For this reason, it is very important for individuals, mainly young people, to be aware of the toxic nature and potential risks associated with the use of this plant. This comprehensive review of D. stramonium includes information on botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and ethnomedicinal uses.展开更多
Pot experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effects of Datura?stramonium on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot elongation, fresh and dry weight of two wild plant species: Cenchrus ciliaris and N...Pot experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effects of Datura?stramonium on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot elongation, fresh and dry weight of two wild plant species: Cenchrus ciliaris and Neonotonia wightii. Different concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) from seed and leaf extracts of D. stramonium were used to investigate the allelopathic effects of D. stramonium on growth of tested species.?The total chlorophyll content of N. wightii was significantly reduced in all plants treated with both aqueous seed and leaf extracts of D. stramonium. In C. ciliaris, the total chlorophyll content was also significantly reduced for those plants treated with aqueous seed extract and leaf extract from D. stramonium. Relative to the control treatments, there was greater reduction in root and shoot length which was observed in higher concentrations of aqueous seed and leaf extracts. Fresh and dry weight of tested species significantly decreased after being treated with both seed and leaf aqueous extracts of D. stramonium. It was found that the allelopathic effect of aqueous seed and leaf extracts from D. stramonium on tested species was concentration-dependent. The inhibitory effects on all tested species increased as the concentration of both extracts increased from 0% to 100%. This study concluded that aqueous seed and leaf extract of D. stramonium have allelopathic effects on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of grass (C. ciliaris) and legume (N. wightii) species.展开更多
AIM: The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular(promastigote) and intracellular(amastigote) form...AIM: The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular(promastigote) and intracellular(amastigote) forms of Leishmania major were evaluated in this study. METHOD: In the first stage, promastigote forms of L. major, were treated with different doses of the plant extracts in a 96-well tissue-culture microplate and IC50 values for each extract were measured with colorimetric MTT assay. In the second stage, macrophage cells were infected with L. major promastigotes. Infected macrophages were treated with plant extracts. Then the macrophages were stained with Gimsa and the number of infected macrophages and amastigotes were counted with a light microscope. RESULTS: The results indicated that the plant extracts inhibited the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major. Inhibitory concentrations(IC50) for promastigote assay were 108.19, 155.15, and 184.32 μg·mL-1 for C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds and S. officinalis, respectively. The extracts also reduced the number of amastigotes in macrophage cells from 264 for control group to 88, 97, and 102 for test groups. Although the anti-leishmanial activity of the extracts were not comparable with the standard drug, miltefosine; but they showed significant efficiency in reducing the number of amastigotes in macrophages, in comparison with the control group(P < 0.001). These plant extracts had lower toxicity compared with miltefosine. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential efficacy of the methanolic extracts of C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds, and S. officinalis leaves to control of cutaneous leishmaniasis.展开更多
With polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000),of 0%(CK),5%,10%,15%,25%used to simulate drought stress,and CaCl2 concentration 0(CK),of 15,20,25 and 30mmol/L as ion gradient of exogenous calcium,the effects of drought,exogenous c...With polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000),of 0%(CK),5%,10%,15%,25%used to simulate drought stress,and CaCl2 concentration 0(CK),of 15,20,25 and 30mmol/L as ion gradient of exogenous calcium,the effects of drought,exogenous calcium and the interaction between the two on the Datura seed germination,so as to explore the optimal application amount of exogenous calcium to ease the suppression of drought stress on Datura seed germination.The results showed that the germination rate,germination potential and germination index of the Datura seeds were significantly lower than those of the control group.Under the normal moisture condition,exogenous calcium of moderate and low concentration had no significant effect on the Datura seed germination,while that of high concentration showed an inhibitory effect on the seed germination.Under drought stress,with the increasing concentration of exogenous calcium,the three indicators of Datura seeds showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.When the exogenous calcium had the concentration of 20 mmol/L,all the indicators of seed germination reached the maximum value,while showed a downward trend when exogenous calcium concentration was 25-30 mmol/L,and even increasingly sharp with drought intensifying.Therefore,in the production and utilization of Datura,20 mmol/L of exogenous calcium can be used to soak seeds before sowing to improve the emergence rate under low and moderate drought conditions.展开更多
Aim: Datura stramonium (DS) is a known hallucinogen and depressant of the central nervous system, but it is commonly used in alcoholic beverages to increase intoxication. Pharmacological, physiological and ultra-struc...Aim: Datura stramonium (DS) is a known hallucinogen and depressant of the central nervous system, but it is commonly used in alcoholic beverages to increase intoxication. Pharmacological, physiological and ultra-structural studies have demonstrated the neurotoxicity of this drug inanimals and humans at high doses. The present study investigated the histological patterns of neurodegeneration of frontal cortex (FC) neurons in Wistar rats treated with high doses of DS seed extract. Materials and methods: Ethanolic extract of DS dried seeds was diluted in normal saline and administered to male and female Wistar rats weighing 200 g - 250 g. The animals were first placed in three groups which were further sub-divided into four sub-groups. The treated sub-groups received intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) of 750 mg/kg of diluted DS seed extract once daily in group 1, twice daily (1500 mg/kg/day) in group 2 and thrice daily (2250 mg/kg/day) in group 3. The treatment was carried out for 4 weeks while the control groups received normal saline during the same period. The rats were euthanized and sections of the frontal cortices of the brain were histologically processed from all groups. Silver impregnation stain for degenerating axons and neurons was used to elucidate the pattern of degeneration induced by DS seed extract on the neurons of the FC. Results: The results of intraperitoneal administration of DS extract showed no changes in groups 1 & 2 treated rats while group 3 showed a significant pattern of histological changes like axonal atrophy, vacuolization and neuronal deaths in the frontal cortices neurons compared to the controls. Conclusion: DS may have a specific pattern of neurodegeneration at higher doses of administration. This could provide a useful model in understanding how DS intoxication can affect frontal cortex neurons with an implication of neurological disorders, mental diseases and behavioural deficits.展开更多
Background: cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is one of the cellular transcription factors found in neurons. CREB is also important for the survival of neurons, and has an important role in the development ...Background: cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is one of the cellular transcription factors found in neurons. CREB is also important for the survival of neurons, and has an important role in the development of drug addiction. Datura stramonium (DS) is a tropical ubiquitous plant commonly used to increase the intoxication of certain beverages for recreational purposes. The seeds of this plant are very toxic and may produce addiction on prolong usage. This research investigated the effects of administration of high doses of DS seeds on the expression of CREB protein in both male and female rats’ frontal cortices and its implication in addiction and neurodegeneration. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with a total of 24 male and female Wistar rats weighing 200 g - 250 g. The rats were divided into three groups of 8 rats each. Each group was further divided into four sub-groups of 2 rats each. Ethanolic dried seed extract of DS was diluted in normal saline and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to the treatment groups. The treated sub-groups received 750 mg/kg of DS extract<sup> </sup>once in group 1, twice in group 2 and thrice in group 3 daily for 4 weeks respectively, while the control sub-groups received i.p. normal saline concurrently for the same duration of time. The rats were euthanized and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was computed to detect a significant main difference of DS effect on CREB expression for each group, while post hoc Bonferroni Test compared CREB protein expression between male and female groups. Result: There were significant differences in the expression of CREB protein between the sub-groups and between the male and female rats of treated sub-group (p < 0.05) compared to the controls. There was a decrease in the female treated sub-groups and an increase in the male treated sub-groups compared to the respective controls. Conclusion: High doses of DS administration for a prolong time may affect the expressions of CREB protein differently in male and female treated rats which may consequently lead to addiction and neurodegeneration affecting frontal cortex neurons.展开更多
Hyoscyamine, anisodamine and scopolamine are tropane alkaloids present in some Solanaceae species and used in modern medicine. L-Hyoscyamine is hydroxylated to 6</span><i><span style="font-family:V...Hyoscyamine, anisodamine and scopolamine are tropane alkaloids present in some Solanaceae species and used in modern medicine. L-Hyoscyamine is hydroxylated to 6</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-hydroxyhyoscyamine (anisodamine) and then epoxidated to scopolamine by the dual action of hyoscyamine 6</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-hydroxylase (H6H), a 2-o</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">xoglutarate dependent dioxygenase. A natural mutation in the Gly-220 residue to Cys was previously shown to be associated with the loss of function of H6H in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mandragora</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">officinarum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, preventing the accumulation of anisodamin</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e and scopolamine in these plants. We show here that a deliberate Gly220Cys mutation in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Datura innoxia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> DiH6H protein caused a loss of both its enzymatic abilities and rendered it unable to hydroxylate L-hyoscyamine into anisodamine and to epoxidate anisodamine into scopolamine. By using protein modeling based on an available crystal structure of H6H from </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Datura metel</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, we show how the Cys220 residue causes a steric interference in the active site cavity impairing the interaction of both substrates, hyoscyamine and anisodamine with the active site of the protein</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We also address the enantiomeric preference of DiH6H based on molecular modeling.展开更多
目的建立快速提取曼陀罗籽、曼陀罗花、曼陀罗壳、曼陀罗叶和曼陀罗茎的前处理法,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)同时检测东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品。方法以甲醇提取曼陀罗籽...目的建立快速提取曼陀罗籽、曼陀罗花、曼陀罗壳、曼陀罗叶和曼陀罗茎的前处理法,采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,LC-MS/MS)同时检测东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品。方法以甲醇提取曼陀罗籽,以乙醇提取花,以1%甲酸水提取壳、叶和茎,选用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm)为色谱柱,以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源正离子扫描,多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)模式采集,外标法定量。结果在质量浓度0.1~10.0ng/mL范围内,东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品呈现良好的线性关系(r≥0.999);检出限为30~76μg/kg,定量限为80~253μg/kg;3种生物碱在低、中、高3个加标浓度水平的平均回收率为81.9%~117.0%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSDs)为0.7%~7.2%。结论该方法操作简单、快速、准确,为测定曼陀罗多种组织中东莨菪碱、消旋山莨菪碱和阿托品提供了可靠的技术支持。展开更多
文摘Today, agricultural production is threatened by crop pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. Because of their harmful effects on the environment and human health, synthetic nematicides are gradually being banned in several countries. This study evaluates the nematicidal activity of Datura metel oil. Datura metel seed oil was obtained using the Soxhlet extractor in hexane. The resulting oil was characterized by determining physicochemical parameters and molecular composition using GC-MS. The nematicidal activity of the oil was assessed by determining the number of dead nematodes. Physicochemical characterization gave an acidity index of 0.3% and a peroxide index of 10 meq.O2/Kg, while GC-MS analysis identified 30 molecules made up mainly of fatty acid esters, four of which represented over 74% of the oil’s total weight. The nematicidal activity of the oil, expressed in terms of mortality rate as a function of concentration, showed mortality rates of 58;69 and 79% over 48 hours of incubation at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL respectively. The activity observed could be linked to the high presence of the four compounds most commonly identified in the oil. These results suggest that Datura metel oil could be a promising alternative to synthetic pesticides for the control of crop pests.
基金supported by the NRF(National Research Foundation)of Koreafunded by the Basic Science Research Program through the Ministry of Education(2020R1I1A3052258)carried out with the support of the“2024 System Semiconductor Technology Development Support Project”of Chungbuk Technopark。
文摘This study investigates the corrosion inhibition potential of Datura stramonium seed extracts on mild steel in 1.0 mol·L^(-1)HCl and 0.5 mol·L^(-1)H_(2)SO_(4),utilizing both ethanolic and aqueous extracts as ecofriendly inhibitors.Electrochemical techniques,thermodynamic studies,and quantum chemical calculations were employed to evaluate the adsorption mechanism and inhibitory action at the metal/electrolyte interface.Maximum inhibition efficie ncies of 93.1%in HCl and 97.7%in H_(2)SO_(4) were achieved with the ethanolic extract at a concentration of 0.2 g·L^(-1),while the aqueous extract demonstrated 93.8%inhibition in HCl and 96.6%in H_(2)SO_(4).Polarization curves indicated mixed-type inhibition with a slight anodic bias.The thermodynamic analysis of two extracts in both environments indicated that the K_(ads)increased and that theΔG_(ads)were close to-40 kJ·mol^(-1),suggesting that the adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm,indicating a combination of physical and chemical adsorption.SEM/EDX analysis confirmed the formation of a protective layer,while quantum chemical studies further validated strong adsorption,evidenced by a lowΔE of 2.396 eV and an adsorption energy of-878 kcal·mol^(-1)(1kcal·mol^(-1)=4.18 kJ·mol^(-1)).These results demonstrate that Datura stramonium extracts are promising inhibitors,particularly in sulfuric acid,for industrial applications.Reason:Improved clarity,vocabulary,and technical accuracy while maintaining the original meaning.
文摘The interest in using the Datura stramonium plant is due to its natural products,which are used in many pharmaceutical industries.The objective of the current study was to assess the therapeutic and cytotoxic effects of the D.stramonium plant on two types of human cancer cell models(MCF7 and HT29)in vitro.A soxhlet apparatus was used to obtain methanolic extract from dried plant leaves.The recovered crude,after the solvent had evaporated,was then dispersed at varied concentrations of extract 100,50,20,and 0.0µg/mL and tested to see how the cells responded.Also,the cancer-testis antigen(CTA)gene transcription in the two cell types exposed to the plant extract was examined using a semi-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC-MS)results produced the significant main metabolites Nonanoic acid,Tropine N-Oxide,3,6-Ditigloyloxy-7-hydroxytropane,Hexadecanoic acid,2-Pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl-,Carvenone,methyl ester,Phytol,Aposcopolamine,Hyoscyamine,4,8,12,16-Tetramethylheptadecan-4-olide,Scopolamine,Alpha.-Tocospiro A,1,2-Cycloheptanedione,3,3,7,7-tetramethyl-,dihydrazone,Campesterol,Stigmasterol,Gamma-Sitosterol and dl-.alpha.-Tocopherol.The results showed that the two types of cell lines impacted by D.stramonium extract,through untreated type 1 cells(MCF7)gave a highly significant transcription according to all applicable genes.All implemented analyses cleared the strong genetic impacts of Datura extract on cancer cells’genomes.TGIF2LY and C2orf63 transcript accumulation were also significantly elevated when exposed to plant extract at a level of 50µg/mL in cell line type 2(HT29),but TGIF2LY and P53 had the lowest relative expression at a level of 100µg/mL when treated the same cell line type.
基金Supported by the Fund Program of the State Administration of Inspection and Quarantine(2008kj41)~~
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the temperature adaptability of Datura stramonium and D. stramonium var. tatual. Under 4 temperature levels,plantgrowth and pigment concentrations in leaves and stems were determined, and leaf anatomic structures of D. stramonium var. tatual and D. stramonium were analyzed. The results showed that the palisade tissue thickness/sponge tissue thickness,stomatal density and stomatal index values of D. stramonium var. tatual were significantly greater than D. stramonium; the chlorophyll content/carotenoid content in leaves of D. stramonium var. tatual increased at first and decreased then, while no regularity was found in leaves of D. stramonium; and the contents of anthocyanin,flavonoids, and total phenols in stems of D. stramonium var. tatual were significantly higher than those in stems of D. stramonium. The temperature adaptability of D.stramonium var. tatual is stronger than that of D. stramonium.
文摘India has a great wealth of various naturally occurring plant drugs which have great potential pharmacological activities.Datura stramonium(D.stramonium is one of the widely well known folklore medicinal herbs.The troublesome weed,D.stramonium is a plant with both poisonous and medicinal preperties and has been proven to have great pharmacological potential with a great utility real usage in folklore medicine.D.stromonium has been scientifically proven to contain alkaloids,tannins,carbohydrates and proteins.This plant has contributed various pharmacological actions in the scientific field of Indian systems of medicines like analgesic and antiasthmatic activities.The present paper presents an exclusive review work on the ethnomedical,phytochemical,pharmacological activities of this plant.
基金supported by Dr. Katsuko Komatsu Award of Year 2008, Japan
文摘Datura stramonium L., a wild-growing plant of the Solanaceae family, is widely distributed and easily accessible. It contains a variety of toxic tropane alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscamine, and scopolamine. In Eastern medicine, especially in Ayurvedic medicine, D. stramonium has been used for curing various human ailments, including ulcers, wounds, inflammation, rheumatism and gout, sciatica, bruises and swellings, fever, asthma and bronchitis, and toothache. A few previous studies have reported on the pharmacological effects of D. stramonium; however, complete information regarding the pharmacology, toxicity, ethnobotany and phytochemistry remains unclear. Ethnomedicinally, the frequent recreational abuse of D. stramonium has resulted in toxic syndromes. D. stramonium, in the form of paste or solution to relieve the local pain, may not have a deleterious effect; however, oral and systemic administration may lead to severe anticholinergic symptoms. For this reason, it is very important for individuals, mainly young people, to be aware of the toxic nature and potential risks associated with the use of this plant. This comprehensive review of D. stramonium includes information on botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and ethnomedicinal uses.
文摘Pot experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effects of Datura?stramonium on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot elongation, fresh and dry weight of two wild plant species: Cenchrus ciliaris and Neonotonia wightii. Different concentrations (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) from seed and leaf extracts of D. stramonium were used to investigate the allelopathic effects of D. stramonium on growth of tested species.?The total chlorophyll content of N. wightii was significantly reduced in all plants treated with both aqueous seed and leaf extracts of D. stramonium. In C. ciliaris, the total chlorophyll content was also significantly reduced for those plants treated with aqueous seed extract and leaf extract from D. stramonium. Relative to the control treatments, there was greater reduction in root and shoot length which was observed in higher concentrations of aqueous seed and leaf extracts. Fresh and dry weight of tested species significantly decreased after being treated with both seed and leaf aqueous extracts of D. stramonium. It was found that the allelopathic effect of aqueous seed and leaf extracts from D. stramonium on tested species was concentration-dependent. The inhibitory effects on all tested species increased as the concentration of both extracts increased from 0% to 100%. This study concluded that aqueous seed and leaf extract of D. stramonium have allelopathic effects on leaf chlorophyll content, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of grass (C. ciliaris) and legume (N. wightii) species.
文摘AIM: The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular(promastigote) and intracellular(amastigote) forms of Leishmania major were evaluated in this study. METHOD: In the first stage, promastigote forms of L. major, were treated with different doses of the plant extracts in a 96-well tissue-culture microplate and IC50 values for each extract were measured with colorimetric MTT assay. In the second stage, macrophage cells were infected with L. major promastigotes. Infected macrophages were treated with plant extracts. Then the macrophages were stained with Gimsa and the number of infected macrophages and amastigotes were counted with a light microscope. RESULTS: The results indicated that the plant extracts inhibited the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major. Inhibitory concentrations(IC50) for promastigote assay were 108.19, 155.15, and 184.32 μg·mL-1 for C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds and S. officinalis, respectively. The extracts also reduced the number of amastigotes in macrophage cells from 264 for control group to 88, 97, and 102 for test groups. Although the anti-leishmanial activity of the extracts were not comparable with the standard drug, miltefosine; but they showed significant efficiency in reducing the number of amastigotes in macrophages, in comparison with the control group(P < 0.001). These plant extracts had lower toxicity compared with miltefosine. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential efficacy of the methanolic extracts of C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds, and S. officinalis leaves to control of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC:41801027)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC:31700434).
文摘With polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000),of 0%(CK),5%,10%,15%,25%used to simulate drought stress,and CaCl2 concentration 0(CK),of 15,20,25 and 30mmol/L as ion gradient of exogenous calcium,the effects of drought,exogenous calcium and the interaction between the two on the Datura seed germination,so as to explore the optimal application amount of exogenous calcium to ease the suppression of drought stress on Datura seed germination.The results showed that the germination rate,germination potential and germination index of the Datura seeds were significantly lower than those of the control group.Under the normal moisture condition,exogenous calcium of moderate and low concentration had no significant effect on the Datura seed germination,while that of high concentration showed an inhibitory effect on the seed germination.Under drought stress,with the increasing concentration of exogenous calcium,the three indicators of Datura seeds showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.When the exogenous calcium had the concentration of 20 mmol/L,all the indicators of seed germination reached the maximum value,while showed a downward trend when exogenous calcium concentration was 25-30 mmol/L,and even increasingly sharp with drought intensifying.Therefore,in the production and utilization of Datura,20 mmol/L of exogenous calcium can be used to soak seeds before sowing to improve the emergence rate under low and moderate drought conditions.
文摘Aim: Datura stramonium (DS) is a known hallucinogen and depressant of the central nervous system, but it is commonly used in alcoholic beverages to increase intoxication. Pharmacological, physiological and ultra-structural studies have demonstrated the neurotoxicity of this drug inanimals and humans at high doses. The present study investigated the histological patterns of neurodegeneration of frontal cortex (FC) neurons in Wistar rats treated with high doses of DS seed extract. Materials and methods: Ethanolic extract of DS dried seeds was diluted in normal saline and administered to male and female Wistar rats weighing 200 g - 250 g. The animals were first placed in three groups which were further sub-divided into four sub-groups. The treated sub-groups received intraperitoneal administration (i.p.) of 750 mg/kg of diluted DS seed extract once daily in group 1, twice daily (1500 mg/kg/day) in group 2 and thrice daily (2250 mg/kg/day) in group 3. The treatment was carried out for 4 weeks while the control groups received normal saline during the same period. The rats were euthanized and sections of the frontal cortices of the brain were histologically processed from all groups. Silver impregnation stain for degenerating axons and neurons was used to elucidate the pattern of degeneration induced by DS seed extract on the neurons of the FC. Results: The results of intraperitoneal administration of DS extract showed no changes in groups 1 & 2 treated rats while group 3 showed a significant pattern of histological changes like axonal atrophy, vacuolization and neuronal deaths in the frontal cortices neurons compared to the controls. Conclusion: DS may have a specific pattern of neurodegeneration at higher doses of administration. This could provide a useful model in understanding how DS intoxication can affect frontal cortex neurons with an implication of neurological disorders, mental diseases and behavioural deficits.
文摘Background: cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is one of the cellular transcription factors found in neurons. CREB is also important for the survival of neurons, and has an important role in the development of drug addiction. Datura stramonium (DS) is a tropical ubiquitous plant commonly used to increase the intoxication of certain beverages for recreational purposes. The seeds of this plant are very toxic and may produce addiction on prolong usage. This research investigated the effects of administration of high doses of DS seeds on the expression of CREB protein in both male and female rats’ frontal cortices and its implication in addiction and neurodegeneration. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with a total of 24 male and female Wistar rats weighing 200 g - 250 g. The rats were divided into three groups of 8 rats each. Each group was further divided into four sub-groups of 2 rats each. Ethanolic dried seed extract of DS was diluted in normal saline and administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) to the treatment groups. The treated sub-groups received 750 mg/kg of DS extract<sup> </sup>once in group 1, twice in group 2 and thrice in group 3 daily for 4 weeks respectively, while the control sub-groups received i.p. normal saline concurrently for the same duration of time. The rats were euthanized and an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was computed to detect a significant main difference of DS effect on CREB expression for each group, while post hoc Bonferroni Test compared CREB protein expression between male and female groups. Result: There were significant differences in the expression of CREB protein between the sub-groups and between the male and female rats of treated sub-group (p < 0.05) compared to the controls. There was a decrease in the female treated sub-groups and an increase in the male treated sub-groups compared to the respective controls. Conclusion: High doses of DS administration for a prolong time may affect the expressions of CREB protein differently in male and female treated rats which may consequently lead to addiction and neurodegeneration affecting frontal cortex neurons.
文摘Hyoscyamine, anisodamine and scopolamine are tropane alkaloids present in some Solanaceae species and used in modern medicine. L-Hyoscyamine is hydroxylated to 6</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-hydroxyhyoscyamine (anisodamine) and then epoxidated to scopolamine by the dual action of hyoscyamine 6</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">β</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-hydroxylase (H6H), a 2-o</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">xoglutarate dependent dioxygenase. A natural mutation in the Gly-220 residue to Cys was previously shown to be associated with the loss of function of H6H in </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Mandragora</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">officinarum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, preventing the accumulation of anisodamin</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e and scopolamine in these plants. We show here that a deliberate Gly220Cys mutation in the </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Datura innoxia</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> DiH6H protein caused a loss of both its enzymatic abilities and rendered it unable to hydroxylate L-hyoscyamine into anisodamine and to epoxidate anisodamine into scopolamine. By using protein modeling based on an available crystal structure of H6H from </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Datura metel</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, we show how the Cys220 residue causes a steric interference in the active site cavity impairing the interaction of both substrates, hyoscyamine and anisodamine with the active site of the protein</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> We also address the enantiomeric preference of DiH6H based on molecular modeling.
