Objective:To isolate Salmonella from curry samples and to evaluate the drug sensitivity of the food-borne Salmonella and its susceptibility to specific plant extracts.Methods:Salmonella was isolated from the curry sam...Objective:To isolate Salmonella from curry samples and to evaluate the drug sensitivity of the food-borne Salmonella and its susceptibility to specific plant extracts.Methods:Salmonella was isolated from the curry samples by standard microbiological methods and was confirmed by biochemical tests.The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted by disc diffusion method using commercially available antibiotics such as ampicillin,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,kanamycin,and penicillin.In addition,the susceptibility of the food-borne Salmonella was also evaluated against the aqueous extracts of Camelia sinensis(L.) Theaceae(tea leaves) and the Trachyspermum ammi(L.) Apiaceae(ajwain or omum seeds).Results:Out of fifty curry samples,only seven samples were identified to have Salmonella contamination.The Salmonella isolates showed a significant drug resistance pattern except for kanamycin.The plant extracts showed a considerable antibacterial activity against the isolates,indicating the presence of antimicrobial principle which can be exploited after complete pharmacological investigations.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates the occurrence of Salmonella in the curry samples,and shows significant drug resistance against most of the commercially available antibiotics,except kanamycin.Antimicrobial effect of the plant extracts against the food-bone Salmonella suggests that dietary including medicinal herbs would be one strategy to manage food borne pathogens.展开更多
RTE Pineapple chicken curry, a traditional Kerala recipe, was prepared and standardized by using de-boned broiler meat chunks, pineapple and spices. The product having both meat and gravy (1:1.9) was packed in polyeth...RTE Pineapple chicken curry, a traditional Kerala recipe, was prepared and standardized by using de-boned broiler meat chunks, pineapple and spices. The product having both meat and gravy (1:1.9) was packed in polyethylene pouches and stored at -18℃± 2℃for 6 months. During frozen storage, the free fatty acid (FFA) values were 0.28 - 0.46 (as percentage oleic acid) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were 1.68 - 2.45 (mg of malonaldehyde/Kg of sample) increased in both meat and gravy. Meat and gravy pH were in the range of 5.5 to 6. Marginal decrease in shear force values (43.4 - 39.6 N) were also observed. During storage the SPC was found to be decreasing over period of storage (100, 40, 20, -18℃± 2℃for 6 months.展开更多
Inflammatory mediators produced during inflammatory response play an important role on pathological development of several chronic diseases. Although several dietary plants exhibited anti-inflammatory property, their ...Inflammatory mediators produced during inflammatory response play an important role on pathological development of several chronic diseases. Although several dietary plants exhibited anti-inflammatory property, their impacts as a whole food has been rarely reported. The aim of the present study is to assess anti-inflammatory activity of an ethanol extract from a whole food namely “ready to eat stir-fry chicken with green curry” consisting of green curry paste, big egg plant, pea egg plant, red chili, kaffer lime and sweet basil as plant-based ingredients. The food extract at 55 - 220 μg/ml was incubated with RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells prior to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Inflammatory mediators [(inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukine-6 (IL-6)] mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR, immunoblot and ELISA respectively. The modulation mechanism by the food extract was observed by measuring the phosphorylated form of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκB-α). The ready to eat stir-fry chicken with green curry extract significantly suppressed LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in a dose-depend- ent manner without cytotoxicity. The suppressive effect was modulated partly by inhibiting phosphorylation of MAPKs and IκB-α. These results indicate that spices and vegetables in a complex diet still possess strong anti-inflammatory activities which warrant confirming such activities to ameliorate the pathogenesis of inflammatory-associated chronic diseases in vivo.展开更多
The favorite soup for Thai particularly in the southern part is Southern sour curry or Keang-hleung soup. The ingredients used in the paste are turmeric rhizome, garlic, shallot and chili. However, for making the sour...The favorite soup for Thai particularly in the southern part is Southern sour curry or Keang-hleung soup. The ingredients used in the paste are turmeric rhizome, garlic, shallot and chili. However, for making the sour soup, the souring agent such as lime juice, tamarind pod or garcinia, fruit is added. This study aimed to compare quality changes, total phenolic compound and antioxidant properties of the pastes as affected of added garicia fruit during storage. It was found that the total phenolic compound content of basic paste without the garcinia, garcinia Keang-hleung paste and garcinia Keang-hleung paste without salt decreased as increased storage time. Moreover, the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and the ferric reducing power (FRAP) activity of the basic paste without the garcinia decreased as increased storage time. However, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the FRAP activity of the garcinia Keang-hleung paste with and without salt increased during 2 months of storage period and then decreased as increased storage time. Total viable count (TVC) of all paste samples were in the range of 102 - 103 cfu/g. Yeast and mold counts of basic and garcinia Keang-hlueng paste were less than 30 cfu/g during storage. While, yeast and mold counts of garcinia Keang-hlueng paste without salt were less than 102 cfu/g during storage. Lactic acid bacteria counts of garcinia Keang-hlueng paste were less than 30 cfu/g during storage. While, lactic acid bacteria counts of the basic and garcinia Keang-hlueng paste without salt were less than 102 cfu/g during storage. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilluus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and coliforms were not detected in all treatments throughout the storage period.展开更多
Background: This report describes the case of a 61-year-old man who ate curry for 50 years. Three months after he stopped eating curry, he developed neuropathic pain. After 6 years of not eating curry, he experienced ...Background: This report describes the case of a 61-year-old man who ate curry for 50 years. Three months after he stopped eating curry, he developed neuropathic pain. After 6 years of not eating curry, he experienced visuospatial disturbances, and his serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increased from 1.91 to 5.38 ng/mL. He tested whether normal aging or the dietary change accounted for his PSA data and symptoms. This self-reported case is the first of its kind in the medical literature. Method and Results: The subject developed a vegetable curry recipe that included turmeric/ curcumin. After 7 to 10 days of eating meals containing this curry twice daily, his pain decreased noticeably, and his visuospatial memory returned. After 8 to 9 weeks of eating curry, his PSA level dropped to 3.85 ng/mL. Using a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL curcumin, his plasma unmodified curcumin level was 2.89 ng/mL after eating a curry meal and 4.56 ng/mL after fasting for 13 h. Detection of curcumin in the blood is important because curcumin has very low oral bioavailability, and plasma curcumin has not been detected in several previous clinical trials even after administration of gram quantities of unformulated 95% curcuminoid extract. This report also presents several converging lines of evidence that may account for the apparent salutary effect of restoring curry to one’s diet. Conclusions: The results advance our understanding of curcumin effects at the level of the individual. This original case report should be of interest to a wide clinical audience that spans several clinical specialties, including neurology, urology and diabetology.展开更多
Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic proper...Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thermal processing methods on curry leaves by analysing Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and metabolizing enzyme inhibition. Fresh curry leaves were subjected to thermal treatments: Oven-dried at 60˚C and Air-dried at 25˚C for 2 weeks. Extracts were prepared using Ethanol and water solvents. Results indicated that Air-dried leaves exhibited significantly higher TPC (5132.65 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (243.13 mg CE/100 g) compared to Fresh and Oven-dried leaves. Antioxidant assays show that oven-dried curry leaves at 60˚C displayed higher results in NORS, FRAP, and TEAC assays compared to Fresh and Air-dried leaves. Ethanol extracts showed better extraction of bioactive compounds than aqueous extracts. Moreover, Lipase inhibition activity was notably high, indicating potential health benefits. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of processing methods on curry leaf extracts, emphasizing the importance of solvent selection for optimal extraction of bioactive compounds.展开更多
Objective:To analyze the effect of selected plant product against several bacterial which commonly causes oral infection.It was hope that in future,this product will become the remedy for treatment of oral infection a...Objective:To analyze the effect of selected plant product against several bacterial which commonly causes oral infection.It was hope that in future,this product will become the remedy for treatment of oral infection and with the hope that it can substitute antibiotics.Methods:A total of 5 species of oral bacteria from American Type Culture Collection(ATCC) were employed in this study(S.mutans,S.aureus,P.aeruginosa,S.sobrinus and L.salivarius ).Three types of natural plants crude extracts were used(garlic,curry leaves and cloves).Bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of these herbs were tested.Results:It was shown garlic had antibacterial effects on all bacteria.The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration(MIC in g/mL) of garlic towards S. aureus,P.aeruginosa,S.mutans,S.sobrinus and L.salivarius were 0.3,1.8,1.2,0.5 and 1.8,respectively. There was significant difference among the MIC of garlic on tested bacteria.It was more potent toward S.aureus. The curry leaf solution on the other hand,did not show any zone of inhibition in all bacteria plates but adversely showed enhanced growth of those bacteria.Clove had shown its antibacterial effects on 5.aureus and P.aeruginosa.The clove was more potent toward S.aureus with the MIC of 0.45 g/mL.P.aeruginosa was more sensitive to clove compared to garlic.For 5.aureus,it was more sensitive to garlic compared to clove. Conclusion:The antibacterial activity of garlic and clove crude extracts shown in our study further confirm these natural plants’potential usage in therapeutic use for oral diseases or infections.This could be the platform for the interested party to do research and development on it and to produce oral health products which are more affordable for lower economic income groups and with fewer side effects as seen in synthetic drug.展开更多
The paper describes language needs of English majors of tertiary education in NUDT through questionnaire with the aim to identify the needs of the target group of learners and introduce needs-based course design.Based...The paper describes language needs of English majors of tertiary education in NUDT through questionnaire with the aim to identify the needs of the target group of learners and introduce needs-based course design.Based on the statistical analysis and the results,the findings revealed that learners' needs are of great significance in the whole process of teaching and learning,providing suggestions and references for teachers in future teaching using needs-based curriculum design.展开更多
Growing up in the UK,the term"cultural melting pot"was often hailed as one of the great strengths of our little island.I can't think of anything more British than enjoying a piping hot curry,watching the...Growing up in the UK,the term"cultural melting pot"was often hailed as one of the great strengths of our little island.I can't think of anything more British than enjoying a piping hot curry,watching the soccer and sipping an ice-cold Kronenbourg.So,when I arrived in Yanbian,an autonomous prefecture in China,I was greeted with a harmonious blend of cultures that evoked an essence I hadn't felt in quite some time.展开更多
基金Supported by Research Laboratory for Biotechnology,Department of Biotechnology,AIMST University,Malaysia
文摘Objective:To isolate Salmonella from curry samples and to evaluate the drug sensitivity of the food-borne Salmonella and its susceptibility to specific plant extracts.Methods:Salmonella was isolated from the curry samples by standard microbiological methods and was confirmed by biochemical tests.The antibiotic susceptibility test was conducted by disc diffusion method using commercially available antibiotics such as ampicillin,tetracycline,chloramphenicol,kanamycin,and penicillin.In addition,the susceptibility of the food-borne Salmonella was also evaluated against the aqueous extracts of Camelia sinensis(L.) Theaceae(tea leaves) and the Trachyspermum ammi(L.) Apiaceae(ajwain or omum seeds).Results:Out of fifty curry samples,only seven samples were identified to have Salmonella contamination.The Salmonella isolates showed a significant drug resistance pattern except for kanamycin.The plant extracts showed a considerable antibacterial activity against the isolates,indicating the presence of antimicrobial principle which can be exploited after complete pharmacological investigations.Conclusions:The present study demonstrates the occurrence of Salmonella in the curry samples,and shows significant drug resistance against most of the commercially available antibiotics,except kanamycin.Antimicrobial effect of the plant extracts against the food-bone Salmonella suggests that dietary including medicinal herbs would be one strategy to manage food borne pathogens.
文摘RTE Pineapple chicken curry, a traditional Kerala recipe, was prepared and standardized by using de-boned broiler meat chunks, pineapple and spices. The product having both meat and gravy (1:1.9) was packed in polyethylene pouches and stored at -18℃± 2℃for 6 months. During frozen storage, the free fatty acid (FFA) values were 0.28 - 0.46 (as percentage oleic acid) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were 1.68 - 2.45 (mg of malonaldehyde/Kg of sample) increased in both meat and gravy. Meat and gravy pH were in the range of 5.5 to 6. Marginal decrease in shear force values (43.4 - 39.6 N) were also observed. During storage the SPC was found to be decreasing over period of storage (100, 40, 20, -18℃± 2℃for 6 months.
文摘Inflammatory mediators produced during inflammatory response play an important role on pathological development of several chronic diseases. Although several dietary plants exhibited anti-inflammatory property, their impacts as a whole food has been rarely reported. The aim of the present study is to assess anti-inflammatory activity of an ethanol extract from a whole food namely “ready to eat stir-fry chicken with green curry” consisting of green curry paste, big egg plant, pea egg plant, red chili, kaffer lime and sweet basil as plant-based ingredients. The food extract at 55 - 220 μg/ml was incubated with RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells prior to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Inflammatory mediators [(inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukine-6 (IL-6)] mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR, immunoblot and ELISA respectively. The modulation mechanism by the food extract was observed by measuring the phosphorylated form of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inhibitor kappa B alpha (IκB-α). The ready to eat stir-fry chicken with green curry extract significantly suppressed LPS-induced iNOS, COX-2, IL-6 and TNF-α gene expression in a dose-depend- ent manner without cytotoxicity. The suppressive effect was modulated partly by inhibiting phosphorylation of MAPKs and IκB-α. These results indicate that spices and vegetables in a complex diet still possess strong anti-inflammatory activities which warrant confirming such activities to ameliorate the pathogenesis of inflammatory-associated chronic diseases in vivo.
文摘The favorite soup for Thai particularly in the southern part is Southern sour curry or Keang-hleung soup. The ingredients used in the paste are turmeric rhizome, garlic, shallot and chili. However, for making the sour soup, the souring agent such as lime juice, tamarind pod or garcinia, fruit is added. This study aimed to compare quality changes, total phenolic compound and antioxidant properties of the pastes as affected of added garicia fruit during storage. It was found that the total phenolic compound content of basic paste without the garcinia, garcinia Keang-hleung paste and garcinia Keang-hleung paste without salt decreased as increased storage time. Moreover, the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and the ferric reducing power (FRAP) activity of the basic paste without the garcinia decreased as increased storage time. However, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the FRAP activity of the garcinia Keang-hleung paste with and without salt increased during 2 months of storage period and then decreased as increased storage time. Total viable count (TVC) of all paste samples were in the range of 102 - 103 cfu/g. Yeast and mold counts of basic and garcinia Keang-hlueng paste were less than 30 cfu/g during storage. While, yeast and mold counts of garcinia Keang-hlueng paste without salt were less than 102 cfu/g during storage. Lactic acid bacteria counts of garcinia Keang-hlueng paste were less than 30 cfu/g during storage. While, lactic acid bacteria counts of the basic and garcinia Keang-hlueng paste without salt were less than 102 cfu/g during storage. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilluus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and coliforms were not detected in all treatments throughout the storage period.
文摘Background: This report describes the case of a 61-year-old man who ate curry for 50 years. Three months after he stopped eating curry, he developed neuropathic pain. After 6 years of not eating curry, he experienced visuospatial disturbances, and his serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) increased from 1.91 to 5.38 ng/mL. He tested whether normal aging or the dietary change accounted for his PSA data and symptoms. This self-reported case is the first of its kind in the medical literature. Method and Results: The subject developed a vegetable curry recipe that included turmeric/ curcumin. After 7 to 10 days of eating meals containing this curry twice daily, his pain decreased noticeably, and his visuospatial memory returned. After 8 to 9 weeks of eating curry, his PSA level dropped to 3.85 ng/mL. Using a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method with a detection limit of 1 ng/mL curcumin, his plasma unmodified curcumin level was 2.89 ng/mL after eating a curry meal and 4.56 ng/mL after fasting for 13 h. Detection of curcumin in the blood is important because curcumin has very low oral bioavailability, and plasma curcumin has not been detected in several previous clinical trials even after administration of gram quantities of unformulated 95% curcuminoid extract. This report also presents several converging lines of evidence that may account for the apparent salutary effect of restoring curry to one’s diet. Conclusions: The results advance our understanding of curcumin effects at the level of the individual. This original case report should be of interest to a wide clinical audience that spans several clinical specialties, including neurology, urology and diabetology.
文摘Curry leaves, scientifically termed Murraya koenigii, are renowned in South Asian cuisine for their flavor enhancement and potential health benefits, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of thermal processing methods on curry leaves by analysing Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), antioxidant activity, and metabolizing enzyme inhibition. Fresh curry leaves were subjected to thermal treatments: Oven-dried at 60˚C and Air-dried at 25˚C for 2 weeks. Extracts were prepared using Ethanol and water solvents. Results indicated that Air-dried leaves exhibited significantly higher TPC (5132.65 mg GAE/100 g) and TFC (243.13 mg CE/100 g) compared to Fresh and Oven-dried leaves. Antioxidant assays show that oven-dried curry leaves at 60˚C displayed higher results in NORS, FRAP, and TEAC assays compared to Fresh and Air-dried leaves. Ethanol extracts showed better extraction of bioactive compounds than aqueous extracts. Moreover, Lipase inhibition activity was notably high, indicating potential health benefits. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of processing methods on curry leaf extracts, emphasizing the importance of solvent selection for optimal extraction of bioactive compounds.
文摘Objective:To analyze the effect of selected plant product against several bacterial which commonly causes oral infection.It was hope that in future,this product will become the remedy for treatment of oral infection and with the hope that it can substitute antibiotics.Methods:A total of 5 species of oral bacteria from American Type Culture Collection(ATCC) were employed in this study(S.mutans,S.aureus,P.aeruginosa,S.sobrinus and L.salivarius ).Three types of natural plants crude extracts were used(garlic,curry leaves and cloves).Bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of these herbs were tested.Results:It was shown garlic had antibacterial effects on all bacteria.The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration(MIC in g/mL) of garlic towards S. aureus,P.aeruginosa,S.mutans,S.sobrinus and L.salivarius were 0.3,1.8,1.2,0.5 and 1.8,respectively. There was significant difference among the MIC of garlic on tested bacteria.It was more potent toward S.aureus. The curry leaf solution on the other hand,did not show any zone of inhibition in all bacteria plates but adversely showed enhanced growth of those bacteria.Clove had shown its antibacterial effects on 5.aureus and P.aeruginosa.The clove was more potent toward S.aureus with the MIC of 0.45 g/mL.P.aeruginosa was more sensitive to clove compared to garlic.For 5.aureus,it was more sensitive to garlic compared to clove. Conclusion:The antibacterial activity of garlic and clove crude extracts shown in our study further confirm these natural plants’potential usage in therapeutic use for oral diseases or infections.This could be the platform for the interested party to do research and development on it and to produce oral health products which are more affordable for lower economic income groups and with fewer side effects as seen in synthetic drug.
文摘The paper describes language needs of English majors of tertiary education in NUDT through questionnaire with the aim to identify the needs of the target group of learners and introduce needs-based course design.Based on the statistical analysis and the results,the findings revealed that learners' needs are of great significance in the whole process of teaching and learning,providing suggestions and references for teachers in future teaching using needs-based curriculum design.
文摘Growing up in the UK,the term"cultural melting pot"was often hailed as one of the great strengths of our little island.I can't think of anything more British than enjoying a piping hot curry,watching the soccer and sipping an ice-cold Kronenbourg.So,when I arrived in Yanbian,an autonomous prefecture in China,I was greeted with a harmonious blend of cultures that evoked an essence I hadn't felt in quite some time.
