Supercapacitors,comprising electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)and pseudocapa-citors,are widely acknowledged as high-power energy storage devices.However,their local structures and fundamental mechanisms remain p...Supercapacitors,comprising electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)and pseudocapa-citors,are widely acknowledged as high-power energy storage devices.However,their local structures and fundamental mechanisms remain poorly understood,and suitable experimental techniques for investigation are also lacking.Recently,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)has emerged as a powerful tool for addressing these fundamental issues with high local sensitivity and non-invasiveness.In this paper,we first review the limi-tations of existing characterization methods and highlight the advantages of NMR in investigating mechanisms of supercapacitors.Subsequently,we introduce the basic prin-ciple of ring current effect,NMR-active nuclei,and various NMR techniques employed in exploring energy storage mechanisms including cross polarization(CP)magic angle spinning(MAS)NMR,multiple-quantum(MQ)MAS,two-dimensional exchange spec-troscopy(2D-EXSY)NMR,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and pulsed-field gradient(PFG)NMR.Based on this,recent progress in investigating energy storage mechanisms in EDLCs and pseudocapacitors through various NMR techniques is discussed.Finally,an outlook on future directions for NMR research in supercapacitors is offered.展开更多
During geomagnetically active times such as geomagnetic storms,large amounts of energy can be released into the Earth’s magnetosphere and change the ring current intensity.Previous studies showed that significant enh...During geomagnetically active times such as geomagnetic storms,large amounts of energy can be released into the Earth’s magnetosphere and change the ring current intensity.Previous studies showed that significant enhancement of the ring current was related to geomagnetic storms,while few studies have examined substorm effects on ring current dynamics.In this study,we examine the ring current variation during non-storm time(SYM-H>−50 nT)substorms,especially during super-substorms(AE>1000 nT).We perform a statistical analysis of ring current plasma pressure and number flux of various ion species under different substorm conditions,based on Van Allen Probe observations.The plasma pressure and ion fluxes of the ring current increased dramatically during supersubstorms,while little change was observed for substorms with AE<1000 nT.The results shown in this study indicate that a non-storm time super-substorm may also have a significant contribution to the ring current.展开更多
In this paper, we present evolutions of the phase space density(PSD) spectra of ring current(RC) ions based on observations made by Van Allen Probe B during a geomagnetic storm on 23–24 August 2016. By analyzing PSD ...In this paper, we present evolutions of the phase space density(PSD) spectra of ring current(RC) ions based on observations made by Van Allen Probe B during a geomagnetic storm on 23–24 August 2016. By analyzing PSD spectra ratios from the initial phase to the main phase of the storm, we find that during the main phase, RC ions with low magnetic moment μ values can penetrate deeper into the magnetosphere than can those with high μ values, and that the μ range of PSD enhancement meets the relationship: S(O^+) >S(He^+)>S(H^+). Based on simultaneously observed ULF waves, theoretical calculation suggests that the radial transport of RC ions into the deep inner magnetosphere is caused by drift-bounce resonance interactions, and the efficiency of these resonance interactions satisfies the relationship: η(O^+) > η(He^+) > η(H^+), leading to the differences in μ range of PSD enhancement for different RC ions. In the recovery phase,the observed decay rates for different RC ions meet the relationship: R(O^+) > R(He^+) > R(H^+), in accordance with previous theoretical calculations, i.e., the charge exchange lifetime of O^+ is shorter than those of H^+ and He^+.展开更多
Electromagnetic ion cyclotron(EMIC)waves are widely believed to play an important role in influencing the radiation belt and ring current dynamics.Most studies have investigated the effects or characteristics of EMIC ...Electromagnetic ion cyclotron(EMIC)waves are widely believed to play an important role in influencing the radiation belt and ring current dynamics.Most studies have investigated the effects or characteristics of EMIC waves by assuming their left-handed polarization.However,recent studies have found that the reversal of polarization,which occurs at higher latitudes along the wave propagation path,can change the wave-induced pitch angle diffusion coefficients.Whether such a polarization reversal can influence the global ring current dynamics remains unknown.In this study,we investigate the ring current dynamics and proton precipitation loss in association with polarization-reversed EMIC waves by using the ring current-atmosphere interactions model(RAM).The results indicate that the polarization reversal of H-band EMIC waves can truly decrease the scattering rates of protons of 10 to 50 keV or>100 keV in comparison with the scenario in which the EMIC waves are considered purely left-handed polarized.Additionally,the global ring current intensity and proton precipitation may be slightly affected by the polarization reversal,especially during prestorm time and the recovery phase,but the effects are not large during the main phase.This is probably because the H-band EMIC waves contribute to the proton scattering loss primarily at E<10 keV,an energy range that is not strongly affected by the polarization reversal.展开更多
The local time dependence of the geomagnetic disturbances during magnetic storms indicates the necessity of forecasting the localized magnetic storm indices.For the first time,we construct prediction models for the Su...The local time dependence of the geomagnetic disturbances during magnetic storms indicates the necessity of forecasting the localized magnetic storm indices.For the first time,we construct prediction models for the SuperMAG partial ring current indices(SMR-LT),with the advance time increasing from 1 h to 12 h by Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network.Generally,the prediction performance decreases with the advance time and is better for the SMR-06 index than for the SMR-00,SMR-12,and SMR-18 index.For the predictions with 12 h ahead,the correlation coefficient is 0.738,0.608,0.665,and 0.613,respectively.To avoid the over-represented effect of massive data during geomagnetic quiet periods,only the data during magnetic storms are used to train and test our models,and the improvement in prediction metrics increases with the advance time.For example,for predicting the storm-time SMR-06 index with 12 h ahead,the correlation coefficient and the prediction efficiency increases from 0.674 to 0.691,and from 0.349 to 0.455,respectively.The evaluation of the model performance for forecasting the storm intensity shows that the relative error for intense storms is usually less than the relative error for moderate storms.展开更多
Magnetosonic (MS) waves are believed to have the ability to affect the dynamics of ring current protons both inside and outside the plasmasphere. However, previous studies have focused primarily on the effect of high-...Magnetosonic (MS) waves are believed to have the ability to affect the dynamics of ring current protons both inside and outside the plasmasphere. However, previous studies have focused primarily on the effect of high-frequency MS waves (f > 20 Hz) on ring current protons. In this study, we investigate interactions between ring current protons and low-frequency MS waves (< 20 Hz) inside the plasmasphere. We find that low-frequency MS waves can effectively accelerate < 20 keV ring current protons on time scales from several hours to a day, and their scattering efficiency is comparable to that due to high-frequency MS waves (>20 Hz), from which we infer that omitting the effect of low-frequency MS waves will considerably underestimate proton depletion at middle pitch angles and proton enhancement at large pitch angles. Therefore, ring current proton modeling should take into account the effects of both low- and highfrequency MS waves.展开更多
The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure curren...The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure current for the SCW originally was suggested to be the strong westward auroral electrojet （WEJ）. However, the SCW-WEJ system has no viable generator current. Similarly, the asymmetric or Partial Ring Current （PRC） increases in strength during the growth phase, and is sometimes associated with an enhanced Region 2 field-aligned current （FAC） closing to the ionosphere, but specifics of that closure have been lacking. Here we present a tmifying picture which includes the SCW post- and pre-midnight （AM and PM, respectively） currents and a generator current in the midnight portion of the PRC system, with these currents based upon a model of the nightside magnetotail magnetic geometry. That geometry consists of open north and south lobe regions surrounding a plasmasheet with two types of closed field line regions-stretched lines in the central part of the plasmasheet （SPS） and dipolar lines （DPS） between the low lati- tude boundary layer （LLBL） regions and the SPS. There is also an important plasmasheet transition region （TPS） in which the dipolar field near the plasmapause gradually transforms to stretched lines near the earthward edge of the SPS, and in which the midnight part of the PRC flows. We propose that our proposed near-onset current system consists of a central current which be- comes part of the midnight sector PRC and which is the generator, to which are linked two three-part current systems, one on the dawnside and one on the duskside. The three-part systems consist of up and down FACs closing as Pedersen currents in the iono- sphere. These 3-part systems are not activated until near-onset is reached, because of a lack of ionospheric conductivity in the appropriate locations where the Pedersen current closure occurs. The initial downward FAC of the 3-part dawnside system and the final upward FAC of the 3-part duskside system correspond to the AM and PM current segments, respectively, of the originally proposed SCW.展开更多
We theoretically study the persistent currents flowing in a Rashba quantum ring subjected to the Rashba spinorbit interaction. By introducing uniform or nonuniform magnetization into the ring, we find that a nonzero p...We theoretically study the persistent currents flowing in a Rashba quantum ring subjected to the Rashba spinorbit interaction. By introducing uniform or nonuniform magnetization into the ring, we find that a nonzero persistent charge current circulates in the ring, which stems from the original equilibrium spin current due to the Rashba spinorbit interaction. Because of broken time reversal symmetry, the two oppositely flowing spin-up and spin-down charge currents of the equilibrium spin current are no longer equal, and so a net persistent charge current can flow in the system. It is also found that the persistent current can be modulated by the Fermi energy, the Rashba spin-orbit interaction strength and the magnetization in the ring. Moreover, the magnetization perpendicular to the ring plane can optimize the current. The persistent current flowing in the ring is a manifestation of the nonzero equilibrium spin current existing in the ring.展开更多
The evolution of two-component cold atoms on a ring with spin-orbit coupling has been studied analytically for the case with N noninteracting particles. Then, the effect of interaction is evaluated numerically via a t...The evolution of two-component cold atoms on a ring with spin-orbit coupling has been studied analytically for the case with N noninteracting particles. Then, the effect of interaction is evaluated numerically via a two-body system. Two cases are considered： （i） Starting from a ground state the evolution is induced by a sudden change of the laser field, and （ii） the evolution starting from a superposition state. Oscillating persistent spin-currents have been found. A set of formulae have been derived to describe the period and amplitude of the oscillation. Based on these formulae the oscillation can be well controlled via adjusting the parameters of the laser beams. In particular, it is predicted that movable stripes might emerge on the ring.展开更多
A new non-perturbative method is used to discuss the persistent current in a one-dimensional mesoscopic ring threaded by a flux φ with electron-phonon interaction in the lattice model. The current is periodic in φ w...A new non-perturbative method is used to discuss the persistent current in a one-dimensional mesoscopic ring threaded by a flux φ with electron-phonon interaction in the lattice model. The current is periodic in φ with a flux quantum φ 0 and the electron-phonon interaction suppresses the persistent current. By considering the contributions of many-phonon correlations, we could obtain more accurate results.展开更多
The current–phase relations of a ring-trapped Bose–Einstein condensate interrupted by a rotating rectangular barrier are extensively investigated with an analytical solution. A current–phase diagram, single and mul...The current–phase relations of a ring-trapped Bose–Einstein condensate interrupted by a rotating rectangular barrier are extensively investigated with an analytical solution. A current–phase diagram, single and multi-valued relation, is presented with a rescaled barrier height and width. Our results show that the finite size makes the current–phase relation deviate a little bit from the cosine form for the soliton solution in the limit of a vanishing barrier, and the periodic boundary condition selects only the plane wave solution in the case of high barrier. The reason for multi-valued current–phase relation is given by investigating the behavior of soliton solution.展开更多
本文研究了2000年10月5日磁暴主相两个不同时段期间环电流的变化速度与相应太阳风参数的关系.研究发现,磁暴主相期间环电流的变化速度并不取决于行星际磁场南向分量的平均值和最大值,也不取决于太阳风电场的平均值和最大值.本文的研究证...本文研究了2000年10月5日磁暴主相两个不同时段期间环电流的变化速度与相应太阳风参数的关系.研究发现,磁暴主相期间环电流的变化速度并不取决于行星际磁场南向分量的平均值和最大值,也不取决于太阳风电场的平均值和最大值.本文的研究证明,磁暴环电流增强期间环电流的变化速度,不仅取决于行星际磁场南向分量和太阳风的速度,还取决于太阳风的动压,而且太阳风的动压起着非常重要的作用.研究还发现,采用Burton et al.(1975)方程和O′Brien,McPherron (2000a)方程估算得到的2000年10月5日的两次地磁活动的强度远低于实际的观测值.展开更多
In this study,we present a comprehensive evaluation of the magnetic field measurements from the Vector Field Magnetometer(VFM)aboard the recently launched Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1).One-year data from November 2...In this study,we present a comprehensive evaluation of the magnetic field measurements from the Vector Field Magnetometer(VFM)aboard the recently launched Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1).One-year data from November 2,2023,to November 1,2024,are considered.The MSS-1 flies with a low inclination(41°)and is designed to provide high-resolution magnetic field measurements,especially for monitoring the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly.Earlier studies confirmed the possibility of using MSS-1A data to model the Earth’s main magnetic field(e.g.,Jiang Y et al.,2024).Therefore,in this study we focus on the magnetic signatures related to the external field,which are primarily associated with magnetospheric and ionospheric currents.The global distributions of the magnetic residuals from MSS-1A show a pattern consistent with that derived from the European Space Agency’s Swarm A satellite.A statistical survey of the conjugated observations(withΔt<5 min andΔR<150 km)between the two satellites showed that the difference between their magnetic residuals is within±3 nanoteslas.By separating the magnetic residuals at the noon and midnight hours,we see that the MSS-1A data can effectively capture features of the magnetospheric and ionospheric currents,such as the magnetospheric ring current and ionospheric equatorial electrojet.Moreover,the magnetic residuals from MSS-1A show a diamagnetic effect caused by post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles,which also suggests that the MSS-1A data have the potential to reveal the ionospheric structures.The comprehensive evaluations performed within this study demonstrate that the MSS-1A provides high-quality magnetic field data reaching the level of the Swarm satellite,which enables a deeper understanding of the modeling of Earth’s magnetic field as well as monitoring of the magnetic environment.展开更多
针对传统谐振控制器与PI控制器并联(PIR)无法克服积分环节饱和等因素引起的系统动态过程中超调震荡问题,提出了一种改进双环自抗扰谐振控制器(dual-loop active disturbance rejection control,DLADRC)。DLADRC速度环与电流环均采用自...针对传统谐振控制器与PI控制器并联(PIR)无法克服积分环节饱和等因素引起的系统动态过程中超调震荡问题,提出了一种改进双环自抗扰谐振控制器(dual-loop active disturbance rejection control,DLADRC)。DLADRC速度环与电流环均采用自抗扰控制,速度环采用传统的自抗扰控制。电流环采用一种改进的谐振扩张状态观测器,将观测电流作为谐振控制器的输入,令谐振控制器的输出直接作用到电流环输出,从而降低了谐振电流环设计的复杂性。双环自抗扰谐振控制器保留了谐振控制器抑制特定频率谐波电流的特性,同时优化了系统的超调量与调节时间,有效提升了谐振控制系统的动态性能。仿真结果验证DLADRC系统的有效性。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22075064)National Key Laboratory Projects(No.SYSKT20230056).
文摘Supercapacitors,comprising electrical double-layer capacitors(EDLCs)and pseudocapa-citors,are widely acknowledged as high-power energy storage devices.However,their local structures and fundamental mechanisms remain poorly understood,and suitable experimental techniques for investigation are also lacking.Recently,nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)has emerged as a powerful tool for addressing these fundamental issues with high local sensitivity and non-invasiveness.In this paper,we first review the limi-tations of existing characterization methods and highlight the advantages of NMR in investigating mechanisms of supercapacitors.Subsequently,we introduce the basic prin-ciple of ring current effect,NMR-active nuclei,and various NMR techniques employed in exploring energy storage mechanisms including cross polarization(CP)magic angle spinning(MAS)NMR,multiple-quantum(MQ)MAS,two-dimensional exchange spec-troscopy(2D-EXSY)NMR,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and pulsed-field gradient(PFG)NMR.Based on this,recent progress in investigating energy storage mechanisms in EDLCs and pseudocapacitors through various NMR techniques is discussed.Finally,an outlook on future directions for NMR research in supercapacitors is offered.
基金supported by a research grant of China National Space Administration project D020303,NSFC Grant Numbers:41974191the National Key R&D Program of China 2020YFE0202100。
文摘During geomagnetically active times such as geomagnetic storms,large amounts of energy can be released into the Earth’s magnetosphere and change the ring current intensity.Previous studies showed that significant enhancement of the ring current was related to geomagnetic storms,while few studies have examined substorm effects on ring current dynamics.In this study,we examine the ring current variation during non-storm time(SYM-H>−50 nT)substorms,especially during super-substorms(AE>1000 nT).We perform a statistical analysis of ring current plasma pressure and number flux of various ion species under different substorm conditions,based on Van Allen Probe observations.The plasma pressure and ion fluxes of the ring current increased dramatically during supersubstorms,while little change was observed for substorms with AE<1000 nT.The results shown in this study indicate that a non-storm time super-substorm may also have a significant contribution to the ring current.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41925018, 41874194)
文摘In this paper, we present evolutions of the phase space density(PSD) spectra of ring current(RC) ions based on observations made by Van Allen Probe B during a geomagnetic storm on 23–24 August 2016. By analyzing PSD spectra ratios from the initial phase to the main phase of the storm, we find that during the main phase, RC ions with low magnetic moment μ values can penetrate deeper into the magnetosphere than can those with high μ values, and that the μ range of PSD enhancement meets the relationship: S(O^+) >S(He^+)>S(H^+). Based on simultaneously observed ULF waves, theoretical calculation suggests that the radial transport of RC ions into the deep inner magnetosphere is caused by drift-bounce resonance interactions, and the efficiency of these resonance interactions satisfies the relationship: η(O^+) > η(He^+) > η(H^+), leading to the differences in μ range of PSD enhancement for different RC ions. In the recovery phase,the observed decay rates for different RC ions meet the relationship: R(O^+) > R(He^+) > R(H^+), in accordance with previous theoretical calculations, i.e., the charge exchange lifetime of O^+ is shorter than those of H^+ and He^+.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41974192 and 41821003)Work at Los Alamos was performed under the auspices of the U.S.Department of Energy(Contract No.89233218CNA000001)was partially funded by an NSF grant(Grant No.IAA2027951).
文摘Electromagnetic ion cyclotron(EMIC)waves are widely believed to play an important role in influencing the radiation belt and ring current dynamics.Most studies have investigated the effects or characteristics of EMIC waves by assuming their left-handed polarization.However,recent studies have found that the reversal of polarization,which occurs at higher latitudes along the wave propagation path,can change the wave-induced pitch angle diffusion coefficients.Whether such a polarization reversal can influence the global ring current dynamics remains unknown.In this study,we investigate the ring current dynamics and proton precipitation loss in association with polarization-reversed EMIC waves by using the ring current-atmosphere interactions model(RAM).The results indicate that the polarization reversal of H-band EMIC waves can truly decrease the scattering rates of protons of 10 to 50 keV or>100 keV in comparison with the scenario in which the EMIC waves are considered purely left-handed polarized.Additionally,the global ring current intensity and proton precipitation may be slightly affected by the polarization reversal,especially during prestorm time and the recovery phase,but the effects are not large during the main phase.This is probably because the H-band EMIC waves contribute to the proton scattering loss primarily at E<10 keV,an energy range that is not strongly affected by the polarization reversal.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(42022032,41874203,42188101)project of Civil Aerospace"13 th Five Year Plan"Preliminary Research in Space Science(D020301,D030202),Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(XDA17010301)+1 种基金Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences CAS(QYZDJ-SSW-JSC028)International Partner-National Program of CAS(183311KYSB20200017)。
文摘The local time dependence of the geomagnetic disturbances during magnetic storms indicates the necessity of forecasting the localized magnetic storm indices.For the first time,we construct prediction models for the SuperMAG partial ring current indices(SMR-LT),with the advance time increasing from 1 h to 12 h by Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)neural network.Generally,the prediction performance decreases with the advance time and is better for the SMR-06 index than for the SMR-00,SMR-12,and SMR-18 index.For the predictions with 12 h ahead,the correlation coefficient is 0.738,0.608,0.665,and 0.613,respectively.To avoid the over-represented effect of massive data during geomagnetic quiet periods,only the data during magnetic storms are used to train and test our models,and the improvement in prediction metrics increases with the advance time.For example,for predicting the storm-time SMR-06 index with 12 h ahead,the correlation coefficient and the prediction efficiency increases from 0.674 to 0.691,and from 0.349 to 0.455,respectively.The evaluation of the model performance for forecasting the storm intensity shows that the relative error for intense storms is usually less than the relative error for moderate storms.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Fund of Macao SAR (FDCT) through grants 039/2013/A2supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) through grants 41525015 and 41774186
文摘Magnetosonic (MS) waves are believed to have the ability to affect the dynamics of ring current protons both inside and outside the plasmasphere. However, previous studies have focused primarily on the effect of high-frequency MS waves (f > 20 Hz) on ring current protons. In this study, we investigate interactions between ring current protons and low-frequency MS waves (< 20 Hz) inside the plasmasphere. We find that low-frequency MS waves can effectively accelerate < 20 keV ring current protons on time scales from several hours to a day, and their scattering efficiency is comparable to that due to high-frequency MS waves (>20 Hz), from which we infer that omitting the effect of low-frequency MS waves will considerably underestimate proton depletion at middle pitch angles and proton enhancement at large pitch angles. Therefore, ring current proton modeling should take into account the effects of both low- and highfrequency MS waves.
文摘The Substorm Current Wedge （SCW） occurrence in the late growth and onset phases of substorms was proposed as the current system which disrupts cross-tail current by diverting it to the ionosphere. The closure current for the SCW originally was suggested to be the strong westward auroral electrojet （WEJ）. However, the SCW-WEJ system has no viable generator current. Similarly, the asymmetric or Partial Ring Current （PRC） increases in strength during the growth phase, and is sometimes associated with an enhanced Region 2 field-aligned current （FAC） closing to the ionosphere, but specifics of that closure have been lacking. Here we present a tmifying picture which includes the SCW post- and pre-midnight （AM and PM, respectively） currents and a generator current in the midnight portion of the PRC system, with these currents based upon a model of the nightside magnetotail magnetic geometry. That geometry consists of open north and south lobe regions surrounding a plasmasheet with two types of closed field line regions-stretched lines in the central part of the plasmasheet （SPS） and dipolar lines （DPS） between the low lati- tude boundary layer （LLBL） regions and the SPS. There is also an important plasmasheet transition region （TPS） in which the dipolar field near the plasmapause gradually transforms to stretched lines near the earthward edge of the SPS, and in which the midnight part of the PRC flows. We propose that our proposed near-onset current system consists of a central current which be- comes part of the midnight sector PRC and which is the generator, to which are linked two three-part current systems, one on the dawnside and one on the duskside. The three-part systems consist of up and down FACs closing as Pedersen currents in the iono- sphere. These 3-part systems are not activated until near-onset is reached, because of a lack of ionospheric conductivity in the appropriate locations where the Pedersen current closure occurs. The initial downward FAC of the 3-part dawnside system and the final upward FAC of the 3-part duskside system correspond to the AM and PM current segments, respectively, of the originally proposed SCW.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 110704032 and 110704033)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant No. BK2010416)the National Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB945504)
文摘We theoretically study the persistent currents flowing in a Rashba quantum ring subjected to the Rashba spinorbit interaction. By introducing uniform or nonuniform magnetization into the ring, we find that a nonzero persistent charge current circulates in the ring, which stems from the original equilibrium spin current due to the Rashba spinorbit interaction. Because of broken time reversal symmetry, the two oppositely flowing spin-up and spin-down charge currents of the equilibrium spin current are no longer equal, and so a net persistent charge current can flow in the system. It is also found that the persistent current can be modulated by the Fermi energy, the Rashba spin-orbit interaction strength and the magnetization in the ring. Moreover, the magnetization perpendicular to the ring plane can optimize the current. The persistent current flowing in the ring is a manifestation of the nonzero equilibrium spin current existing in the ring.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10874249)
文摘The evolution of two-component cold atoms on a ring with spin-orbit coupling has been studied analytically for the case with N noninteracting particles. Then, the effect of interaction is evaluated numerically via a two-body system. Two cases are considered： （i） Starting from a ground state the evolution is induced by a sudden change of the laser field, and （ii） the evolution starting from a superposition state. Oscillating persistent spin-currents have been found. A set of formulae have been derived to describe the period and amplitude of the oscillation. Based on these formulae the oscillation can be well controlled via adjusting the parameters of the laser beams. In particular, it is predicted that movable stripes might emerge on the ring.
文摘A new non-perturbative method is used to discuss the persistent current in a one-dimensional mesoscopic ring threaded by a flux φ with electron-phonon interaction in the lattice model. The current is periodic in φ with a flux quantum φ 0 and the electron-phonon interaction suppresses the persistent current. By considering the contributions of many-phonon correlations, we could obtain more accurate results.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11874247)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2017YFA0304500 and 2017YFA0304203)+1 种基金PCSIRT,China(Grant No.IRT-17R70)the Program of State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices,China(Grant No.KF201703)
文摘The current–phase relations of a ring-trapped Bose–Einstein condensate interrupted by a rotating rectangular barrier are extensively investigated with an analytical solution. A current–phase diagram, single and multi-valued relation, is presented with a rescaled barrier height and width. Our results show that the finite size makes the current–phase relation deviate a little bit from the cosine form for the soliton solution in the limit of a vanishing barrier, and the periodic boundary condition selects only the plane wave solution in the case of high barrier. The reason for multi-valued current–phase relation is given by investigating the behavior of soliton solution.
文摘本文研究了2000年10月5日磁暴主相两个不同时段期间环电流的变化速度与相应太阳风参数的关系.研究发现,磁暴主相期间环电流的变化速度并不取决于行星际磁场南向分量的平均值和最大值,也不取决于太阳风电场的平均值和最大值.本文的研究证明,磁暴环电流增强期间环电流的变化速度,不仅取决于行星际磁场南向分量和太阳风的速度,还取决于太阳风的动压,而且太阳风的动压起着非常重要的作用.研究还发现,采用Burton et al.(1975)方程和O′Brien,McPherron (2000a)方程估算得到的2000年10月5日的两次地磁活动的强度远低于实际的观测值.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42474200 and 42174186)Chao Xiong is supported by the Dragon 6 cooperation 2024-2028(Project No.95437).
文摘In this study,we present a comprehensive evaluation of the magnetic field measurements from the Vector Field Magnetometer(VFM)aboard the recently launched Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1).One-year data from November 2,2023,to November 1,2024,are considered.The MSS-1 flies with a low inclination(41°)and is designed to provide high-resolution magnetic field measurements,especially for monitoring the evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly.Earlier studies confirmed the possibility of using MSS-1A data to model the Earth’s main magnetic field(e.g.,Jiang Y et al.,2024).Therefore,in this study we focus on the magnetic signatures related to the external field,which are primarily associated with magnetospheric and ionospheric currents.The global distributions of the magnetic residuals from MSS-1A show a pattern consistent with that derived from the European Space Agency’s Swarm A satellite.A statistical survey of the conjugated observations(withΔt<5 min andΔR<150 km)between the two satellites showed that the difference between their magnetic residuals is within±3 nanoteslas.By separating the magnetic residuals at the noon and midnight hours,we see that the MSS-1A data can effectively capture features of the magnetospheric and ionospheric currents,such as the magnetospheric ring current and ionospheric equatorial electrojet.Moreover,the magnetic residuals from MSS-1A show a diamagnetic effect caused by post-sunset equatorial plasma bubbles,which also suggests that the MSS-1A data have the potential to reveal the ionospheric structures.The comprehensive evaluations performed within this study demonstrate that the MSS-1A provides high-quality magnetic field data reaching the level of the Swarm satellite,which enables a deeper understanding of the modeling of Earth’s magnetic field as well as monitoring of the magnetic environment.
文摘针对传统谐振控制器与PI控制器并联(PIR)无法克服积分环节饱和等因素引起的系统动态过程中超调震荡问题,提出了一种改进双环自抗扰谐振控制器(dual-loop active disturbance rejection control,DLADRC)。DLADRC速度环与电流环均采用自抗扰控制,速度环采用传统的自抗扰控制。电流环采用一种改进的谐振扩张状态观测器,将观测电流作为谐振控制器的输入,令谐振控制器的输出直接作用到电流环输出,从而降低了谐振电流环设计的复杂性。双环自抗扰谐振控制器保留了谐振控制器抑制特定频率谐波电流的特性,同时优化了系统的超调量与调节时间,有效提升了谐振控制系统的动态性能。仿真结果验证DLADRC系统的有效性。
