Mafic enclaves in granites are generally considered to represent coeval mafic melts that derived from metasomatized mantle,which can provide valuable information about crust-mantle interaction.Exploring the genetic li...Mafic enclaves in granites are generally considered to represent coeval mafic melts that derived from metasomatized mantle,which can provide valuable information about crust-mantle interaction.Exploring the genetic links between the mafic enclaves and their host monzogranite from the Triassic Zhashui Pluton,Qinling orogenic belt.The enclaves(220±4.6 Ma)and the monzogranite(220±2.8 Ma)display identical zircon U-Pb ages,and they also share similar trace element and zircon Lu-Hf isotopes,indicating a cognate source.The monzogranite displays zirconεHf(t)values of−0.99 to+1.98,while the mafic enclaves show similar values of−0.45 to+3.26;however,differences in mineral chemistry reveal different crystallization conditions.The amphibole from the mafic enclaves has higher temperature and pressure(757℃;2.65 kbar)compared to those of the host monzogranite(733℃;1.96 kbar),suggesting that mafic minerals in the enclaves crystallized at an early stage.Moreover,apatite in the mafic enclaves displays slightly higher volatile contents(0.72 wt%)than those of the monzogranite(0.66 wt%),indicating a volatile-rich condition.These results suggest that the mafic enclaves represent early hydrous mafic cumulates in the granitic chamber,and subsequent magma convection would have led to the formation of the mafic enclaves.展开更多
Cyclic impact induces ongoing fatigue damage and performance degradation in anchoring structures,ser-ving as a critical factor leading to the instability of deep roadways.This paper takes the intrinsic spatio-temporal...Cyclic impact induces ongoing fatigue damage and performance degradation in anchoring structures,ser-ving as a critical factor leading to the instability of deep roadways.This paper takes the intrinsic spatio-temporal relationship of macro-microscopic cumulative damage in anchoring structures as the main thread,revealing the mechanism of bearing capacity degradation and progressive instability of anchoring structure under cyclic impact.Firstly,a set of impact test devices and methods for the prestressed solid anchor bolt anchoring structure were developed,effectively replicating the cyclic impact stress paths in situ.Secondly,cyclic impact anchoring structure tests and simulations were conducted,which clarifies the damage evolution mechanism of the anchoring structure.Prestress loss follows a cubic decay func-tion as the number of impacts increases.Under the same impact energy and pretension force,the impact resistance cycles of extended anchoring and full-length anchoring were increased by 186.7%and 280%,respectively,compared to end anchoring.The rate of internal damage accumulation is positively corre-lated with impact energy and negatively correlated with anchorage length.Internal tensile cracks account for approximately 85%.Stress transmission follows a fluctuating pattern.Compared to the extended anchoring,the maximum vibration velocity of the exposed end particles in the full-length anchoring was reduced by 59.31%.Damage evolution exhibits a pronounced cumulative mutation effect.Then,a three-media,two-interface mechanical model of the anchoring structure was constructed.It has been clarified that the compressive stress,tensile stress,and oscillation effect arising from rapid transi-tions between compression and tension are the primary internal factors responsible for the degradation of the anchoring structure’s bearing capacity.Finally,the progressive instability mechanism of the anchoring structure under cyclic impact was elucidated.The mutual feedback and superposition of media rupture,interface debonding,and bearing capacity degradation result in overall failure.The failure pro-cess involves stages dominated by oscillation-compression,tensile stress,and compression failure.A tar-geted control strategy was further proposed.This provides a reference for maintaining the long-term stability of deep roadways under dynamic impact loads.展开更多
Objective Sulfide inclusions within natural mineral phases play important roles in exploring the origin of magmatic sulfides ores,tracing the distribution of sulfur in mantle or crust and understanding continental man...Objective Sulfide inclusions within natural mineral phases play important roles in exploring the origin of magmatic sulfides ores,tracing the distribution of sulfur in mantle or crust and understanding continental mantle evolution（partial melting and metasomatism in upper mantle）.Until now,varieties of sulfide inclusions have been extensively discovered in the ultramafic or mafic phenocrysts.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sensitivity to stress is essential in the onset,clinical symptoms,course,and prognosis of major depressive disorder(MDD).Meanwhile,it was unclear how variously classified but connected stress-sensitivity va...BACKGROUND Sensitivity to stress is essential in the onset,clinical symptoms,course,and prognosis of major depressive disorder(MDD).Meanwhile,it was unclear how variously classified but connected stress-sensitivity variables affect MDD.We hypothesize that high-level trait-and state-related stress-sensitivity factors may have different cumulative effects on the clinical symptoms and follow-up outcomes of MDD.AIM To investigate how stress-sensitivity factors added up and affected MDD clinical symptoms and follow-up results.METHODS In this prospective study,281 MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care setting.High-level stress-sensitivity factors were classified as trait anxiety,state anxiety,perceived stress,and neuroticism,with a total score in the top quartile of the research cohort.The cumulative effects of stress-sensitivity factors on cognitive dysfunction,disability and functional impairment,suicide risk,and depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined using an analysis of variance with linear trend analysis.Correlations were investigated further using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS Regarding high-level stress-sensitivity factors,53.40%of patients had at least one at baseline,and 29.61%had two or more.Four high-level stress-sensitivity components had significant cumulative impacts on MDD symptoms at baseline(all P<0.001).Perceived stress predicted the greatest effect sizes of state-related factors on depressive symptoms(partialη^(2)=0.153;standardizedβ=0.195;P<0.05).The follow-up outcomes were significantly impacted only by the high-level trait-related components,mainly when it came to depressive symptoms and suicide risk,which were predicted by trait anxiety and neuroticism,respectively(partialη^(2)=0.204 and 0.156;standardizedβ=0.247 and 0.392;P<0.05).CONCLUSION To enhance outcomes of MDD and lower the suicide risk,screening for stress-sensitivity factors and considering multifaceted measures,mainly focusing on trait-related ones,should be addressed clinically.展开更多
Monte Carlo(MC) simulations have been performed to refine the estimation of the correction-toscaling exponent ω in the 2D φ^(4)model,which belongs to one of the most fundamental universality classes.If corrections h...Monte Carlo(MC) simulations have been performed to refine the estimation of the correction-toscaling exponent ω in the 2D φ^(4)model,which belongs to one of the most fundamental universality classes.If corrections have the form ∝ L^(-ω),then we find ω=1.546(30) andω=1.509(14) as the best estimates.These are obtained from the finite-size scaling of the susceptibility data in the range of linear lattice sizes L ∈[128,2048] at the critical value of the Binder cumulant and from the scaling of the corresponding pseudocritical couplings within L∈[64,2048].These values agree with several other MC estimates at the assumption of the power-law corrections and are comparable with the known results of the ε-expansion.In addition,we have tested the consistency with the scaling corrections of the form ∝ L^(-4/3),∝L^(-4/3)In L and ∝L^(-4/3)/ln L,which might be expected from some considerations of the renormalization group and Coulomb gas model.The latter option is consistent with our MC data.Our MC results served as a basis for a critical reconsideration of some earlier theoretical conjectures and scaling assumptions.In particular,we have corrected and refined our previous analysis by grouping Feynman diagrams.The renewed analysis gives ω≈4-d-2η as some approximation for spatial dimensions d <4,or ω≈1.5 in two dimensions.展开更多
Liquid-filled containers(LFC)are widely used to store and transport petroleum,chemical reagents,and other resources.As an important target of military strikes and terrorist bombings,LFC are vulnerable to blast waves a...Liquid-filled containers(LFC)are widely used to store and transport petroleum,chemical reagents,and other resources.As an important target of military strikes and terrorist bombings,LFC are vulnerable to blast waves and fragments.To explore the protective effect of polyurea elastomer on LFC,the damage characteristics of polyurea coated liquid-filled container(PLFC)under the combined loading of blast shock wave and fragments were studied experimentally.The microstructure of the polyurea layer was observed by scanning electron microscopy,and the fracture and self-healing phenomena were analyzed.The simulation approach was used to explain the combined blast-and fragments-induced on the PLFC in detail.Finally,the effects of shock wave and fragment alone and in combination on the damage of PLFC were comprehensively compared.Results showed that the polyurea reduces the perforation rate of the fragment to the LFC,and the self-healing phenomenon could also reduce the liquid loss rate inside the container.The polyurea reduces the degree of depression in the center of the LFC,resulting in a decrease in the distance between adjacent fragments penetrating the LFC,and an increase in the probability of transfixion and fracture between holes.Under the close-in blast,the detonation shock wave reached the LFC before the fragment.Polyurea does not all have an enhanced effect on the protection of LFC.The presence of internal water enhances the anti-blast performance of the container,and the hydrodynamic ram(HRAM)formed by the fragment impacting the water aggravated the plastic deformation of the container.The combined action has an enhancement effect on the deformation of the LFC.The depth of the container depression was 27%higher than that of the blast shock wave alone;thus,it cannot be simply summarized as linear superposition.展开更多
BACKGROUND Complications arising from the polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)have historically been addressed through surgical treatment.Enteroscopic poly-pectomy is hypothesized to reduce the risk of surgery in PJS...BACKGROUND Complications arising from the polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)have historically been addressed through surgical treatment.Enteroscopic poly-pectomy is hypothesized to reduce the risk of surgery in PJS.However,the optimal timing for polyp screening and preventive intervention using entero-scopic polypectomy remains uncertain.This is primarily due to the extremely low incidence of the condition and the paucity of data regarding the natural risk of requiring surgery and its age distribution in PJS patients.In order to develop recommendations on the appropriate timing of polyp screening and preventive intervention in PJS,a comprehensive understanding of the natural surgical risks AIM To investigate the natural surgical risks associated with polyps in PJS and to clarify their age distribution.METHODS A web-based open survey was launched to collect information from Chinese individuals suspected of having PJS.The questionnaire was distributed to the PJS instant messaging groups using a quick response code method.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods,and the cumulative incidence of surgery was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Of the 442 patients enrolled,301(68.10%)had undergone 506 surgical procedures prior to enteroscopy or the survey deadline.Among the 506 surgical procedures,388(76.68%)were performed on patients aged between 6 and 25 years.The cumulative incidence rates of the first surgical procedure at 5,10,15,20,25,and 30 years of age were 5.0%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.9%-7.0%),20.6%(95%CI:16.6%-24.4%),40.5%(95%CI:35.5%-45.1%),58.0%(95%CI:52.7%-62.7%),72.6%(95%CI:67.3%-77.0%),and 82.4%(95%CI:77.0%-86.5%),respectively.The primary indications for the first surgical procedures were intussusception(81.40%),obstruction(13.95%),and gas-trointestinal bleeding(4.65%).The cumulative incidence rates of requiring a second surgical procedure within 1,3,5,10 and 15 years following the first surgical procedure were 3.7%(95%CI:1.5%-5.8%),12.5%(95%CI:8.6%-16.2%),20.3%(95%CI:15.6%-24.8%),37.0%(95%CI:33.1%-45.3%),54.2%(95%CI:46.8%-60.5%),respectively.Patients who underwent their first surgical procedure at the age of nine years or younger presented an elevated risk of requiring a second surgical procedure(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Chinese patients with PJS have a high natural risk of undergoing surgery.Without preventive intervention,these procedures may become necessary at an early age and may be repeated.Early screening and regular surveillance,with preventive intervention if necessary,should commence at six years of age.展开更多
Background:Trunk lean angle is an underrepre sented biomechanical variable for modulating and redistributing lower extremity joint loading and potentially reducing the risk of running-related overuse injuries.The purp...Background:Trunk lean angle is an underrepre sented biomechanical variable for modulating and redistributing lower extremity joint loading and potentially reducing the risk of running-related overuse injuries.The purpose of this study was to systematically alter the trunk lean angle in distance running using an auditory real-time feedback approach and to derive dose-response relationships between sagittal plane trunk lean angle and lower extremity(cumulative)joint loading to guide overuse load management in clinical practice.Methods:Thirty recreational runners(15 males and 15 females)ran at a constant speed of 2.5 m/s at 5 systematically varied trunk lean conditions on a force-instrumented treadmill while kinematic and kinetic data were captured.Results:A change in trunk lean angle from-2°(extension)to 28°(flexion)resulted in a systematic increase in stance phase angular impulse,cumulative impulse,and peak moment at the hip joint in the sagittal and transversal plane.In contrast,a systematic decrease in these parameters at the knee j oint in the sagittal plane and the hip joint in the frontal plane was found(p<0.001).Linear fitting revealed that with every degree of anterior trunk leaning,the cumulative hip joint extension loading increases by 3.26 Nm·s/kg/1000 m,while simultaneously decreasing knee joint extension loading by 1.08 Nm·s/kg/1000 m.Conclusion:Trunk leaning can reduce knee joint loading and hip joint abduction loading,at the cost of hip joint loading in the sagittal and transversal planes during distance running.Modulating lower extremity joint loading by altering trunk lean angle is an effective strategy to redistribute joint load between/within the knee and hip joints.When implementing anterior trunk leaning in clinical practice,the increased demands on the hip musculature,dynamic stability,and the potential trade-off with running economy should be considered.展开更多
As the proportion of newenergy increases,the traditional cumulant method(CM)produces significant errorswhen performing probabilistic load flow(PLF)calculations with large-scale wind power integrated.Considering the wi...As the proportion of newenergy increases,the traditional cumulant method(CM)produces significant errorswhen performing probabilistic load flow(PLF)calculations with large-scale wind power integrated.Considering the wind speed correlation,a multi-scenario PLF calculation method that combines random sampling and segmented discrete wind farm power was proposed.Firstly,based on constructing discrete scenes of wind farms,the Nataf transform is used to handle the correlation between wind speeds.Then,the random sampling method determines the output probability of discrete wind power scenarios when wind speed exhibits correlation.Finally,the PLF calculation results of each scenario areweighted and superimposed following the total probability formula to obtain the final power flow calculation result.Verified in the IEEE standard node system,the absolute percent error(APE)for the mean and standard deviation(SD)of the node voltages and branch active power are all within 1%,and the average root mean square(AMSR)values of the probability curves are all less than 1%.展开更多
In the civil and mining industries,bolts are critical components of support systems,playing a vital role in ensuring their stability.Glass fibre reinforced polymer(GFRP)bolts are widely used because they are corrosion...In the civil and mining industries,bolts are critical components of support systems,playing a vital role in ensuring their stability.Glass fibre reinforced polymer(GFRP)bolts are widely used because they are corrosion-resistant and cost-effective.However,the damage mechanisms of GFRP bolts under blasting dynamic loads are still unclear,especially compared to metal bolts.This study investigates the cumulative damage of fully grouted GFRP bolts under blasting dynamic loads.The maximum axial stress at the tails of the bolts is defined as the damage variable,based on the failure characteristics of GFRP bolts.By combining this with Miner's cumulative damage theory,a comprehensive theoretical and numerical model is established to calculate cumulative damage.Field data collected from the Jinchuan No.3 Mining Area,including GFRP bolts parameters and blasting vibration data are used for further analysis of cumulative damage in fully grouted GFRP bolts.Results indicate that with an increasing number of blasts,axial stress increases in all parts of GFRP bolts.The tail exhibits the most significant rise,with stress extending deeper into the anchorage zone.Cumulative damage follows an exponential trend with the number of blasts,although the incremental damage per blast decelerates over time.Higher dynamic load intensities accelerate damage accumulation,leading to an exponential decline in the maximum loading cycles before failure.Additionally,stronger surrounding rock and grout mitigate damage accumulation,with the effect of surrounding rock strength being more pronounced than that of grout.In contrast,the maximum axial stress of metal bolts increases quickly to a certain point and then stabilizes.This shows a clear difference between GFRP and metal bolts.This study presents a new cumulative damage theory that underpins the design of GFRP bolt support systems under blasting conditions,identifies key damage factors,and suggests mitigation measures to enhance system stability.展开更多
In November 2024,the Global Solar Council announced that the world cumulative solar capacity reached 2 terawatts,twice as much as in mid-2022,clearly showing that solar energy is set to lead the energy transition.
Higher education is transitioning from mass expansion to high-quality development.In this process,mental health issues among college students have become increasingly prominent,encompassing not only academic stress-in...Higher education is transitioning from mass expansion to high-quality development.In this process,mental health issues among college students have become increasingly prominent,encompassing not only academic stress-induced anxiety but also complex challenges such as interpersonal adaptation difficulties and career planning confusion.Traditional“problem-oriented”intervention models have shown limitations in responsiveness and adaptability,often only passively addressing existing psychological crises rather than preventing them in advance.This study aims to explore an AI-powered“positive psychology”proactive intervention model through developing an intelligent system.The system automatically collects,filters,and personalizes recommendations for positive activities on campus.Using a randomized controlled trial design,we conducted an 8-week intervention study involving 126 college students at a university.The study found that AI-based“campus positive activity”recommendations effectively boost students’positive emotions and promote psychological capital development through cumulative micro-interventions.This provides universities with empirical evidence and innovative methods to implement low-cost,efficient,and scalable mental health promotion programs through smart technology.展开更多
On 18 December 2023,a MS 6.2 earthquake struck the Jishishan area in Northwest China,located at the border of the Qinghai-Tibet and Loess Plateau.The earthquake triggered shallow loess landslides,small rock failures,a...On 18 December 2023,a MS 6.2 earthquake struck the Jishishan area in Northwest China,located at the border of the Qinghai-Tibet and Loess Plateau.The earthquake triggered shallow loess landslides,small rock failures,and soil cracks,mainly along hilly gullies and cut slopes at the edges of terraced fields.A rare large-scale flowslide also occurred in irrigated farmland.These seismic landslides and collapses blocked roads,buried farmland,damaged houses,and resulted in many casualties.Field investigations revealed that these geological hazards were concentrated around cultivated land.Consequently,cultivated land was introduced as an engineering geological zoning factor into the seismic geological hazard risk assessment for Jishishan area.The Newmark cumulative displacement model was refined by incorporating lithological uncertainties via the Monte Carlo method.Comparative analysis of coseismic geohazards with and without considering cultivated land suggests that,in loess-covered areas with cultivation activities,the consideration of the disturbed characteristics of soils provides a more accurate probabilistic risk assessment of seismic geohazards.Human cultivation and irrigation activities affect the physical properties of surface soil,the terraced fields around earthquake prone areas have a risk of earthquake-induced geological hazards.This study may offer valuable insights for hazard prevention and mitigation in high fortification intensity loess covered areas.展开更多
One of the primary tasks of earthquake early warning(EEW)systems is to predict potential earthquake damage rapidly and accurately.Cumulative absolute velocity(CAV),Arias intensity(I_(A)),and spectrum intensity(SI)are ...One of the primary tasks of earthquake early warning(EEW)systems is to predict potential earthquake damage rapidly and accurately.Cumulative absolute velocity(CAV),Arias intensity(I_(A)),and spectrum intensity(SI)are important parameters for measuring ground motion intensity and assessing earthquake damage.Due to the limited available information in EEW,CAV,I_(A),and SI cannot be accurately predicted using traditional EEW methods.In this paper,we propose an end-to-end deep learning-based Ground motion Intensity prediction Network(ENGINet)for on-site EEW.The aim of the ENGINet is to predict CAV,I_(A),and SI rapidly and reliably.ENGINet is based on a convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network.The inputs of the network are three-component acceleration records,three-component velocity records,and three-component displacement records obtained by a single station.The results from the test dataset show that at 3 s after the P-wave arrival,compared with the baseline models and other traditional methods,ENGINet has better performance in predicting CAV,I_(A),and SI.Our results indicate that ENGINet can quickly and accurately predict CAV,I_(A),and SI to some extent and has good potential in EEW efforts.展开更多
Enhancing the spatio-temporal connectivity of dynamic landscapes is crucial for species to adapt to climate change.However,the spatio-temporal connectivity network approach considering climate change and species movem...Enhancing the spatio-temporal connectivity of dynamic landscapes is crucial for species to adapt to climate change.However,the spatio-temporal connectivity network approach considering climate change and species movement is often overlooked.Taking Tibetan wild ass on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as an example,we simulated species distribution under current(2019)and future scenarios(2100),constructed spatio-temporal connectivity networks,and assessed the spatio-temporal connectivity.The results show that under the current,SSP2–4.5 and SSP3–7.0 scenarios,suitable habitats for the Tibetan wild ass account for 21.11%,21.34%,and 20.95%of the total area,respectively,with increased fragmentation projected by 2100.78.35%of the habitats which are predicted to be suitable under current conditions will remain suitable in the future,which can be regarded as stable climate refuges.With the increase in future emission intensity,the percentage of auxiliary connectivity corridors increases from 27.65%to 33.57%.This indicates that more patches will function as temporary refuges and the auxiliary connectivity corridors will gradually weaken the dominance of direct connectivity corridors.Under different SSP-RCP scenarios,the internal spatio-temporal connectivity is always higher than direct connectivity and auxiliary connectivity,accounting for 42%–43%.Compared with the spatio-temporal perspective,the purely spatial perspective overestimates network connectivity by about 28%considering all current and future patches,and underestimates network connectivity by 16%–21%when only considering all current or future patches.In this study,a new approach of spatio-temporal connectivity network is proposed to bridge climate refuges,which contributes to the long-term effectiveness of conservation networks for species’adaptation to climate change.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common complication following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)with primary duct closure(PDC).Identifying and analyzing the risk factors associated with bile leakage is cruc...BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common complication following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)with primary duct closure(PDC).Identifying and analyzing the risk factors associated with bile leakage is crucial for improving surgical outcomes.AIM To explore the value analysis of common risk factors for bile leakage after LCBDE and PDC,with a focus on strict adherence to indications.METHODS Clinical data of 106 cases undergoing LCBDE+PDC in the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department(Division 1)of Chuzhou First People’s Hospital from April 2019 to March 2024 were collected.Retrospective and multiple factor regression analysis were conducted on common risk factors for bile leakage.The change in surgical time was analyzed using the cumulative summation(CUSUM)method,and the minimum number of cases required to complete the learning curve for PDC was obtained based on the proposed fitting curve by identifying the CUSUM maximum value.RESULTS Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that fibrinous inflammation and direct bilirubin/indirect bilirubin were significant independent high-risk factors for postoperative bile leakage(P<0.05).The time to drain removal and length of hospital stay in cases without bile leakage were significantly shorter than in cases with bile leakage(P<0.05),with statistical significance.The CUSUM method indicated that a minimum of 51 cases were required for the surgeon to complete the learning curve(P=0.023).CONCLUSION With a good assessment of duodenal papilla sphincter function,unobstructed bile-pancreatic duct convergence,exact stone clearance,and sufficient surgical experience to complete the learning curve,PDC remains the preferred method for bile duct closure and is worthy of clinical promotion.展开更多
To elucidate the mechanisms of regulating the microstructure uniformity in 7050 aluminum forgings through surface cumulative plastic deformation(SCPD),the microstructure under different solution treatments was investi...To elucidate the mechanisms of regulating the microstructure uniformity in 7050 aluminum forgings through surface cumulative plastic deformation(SCPD),the microstructure under different solution treatments was investigated using metallographic observation(OM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The findings demonstrate that the most uniform microstructure in the forgings is achieved with a solution treatment at 470℃for 30 min.The SCPD process generates a significant number of needle-shaped precipitates,resulting in a higher dislocation density and stored energy.Solution treatments alleviate the pinning effect of second-phase particles and facilitate static recrystallization(SRX)in forgings,leading to a reduction in grain size.Additionally,mechanical testing results demonstrate 7%−13%increase in tensile strength and more uniform elongation of the forgings in different directions.展开更多
A typical Whipple shield consists of double-layered plates with a certain gap.The space debris impacts the outer plate and is broken into a debris cloud(shattered,molten,vaporized)with dispersed energy and momentum,wh...A typical Whipple shield consists of double-layered plates with a certain gap.The space debris impacts the outer plate and is broken into a debris cloud(shattered,molten,vaporized)with dispersed energy and momentum,which reduces the risk of penetrating the bulkhead.In the realm of hypervelocity impact,strain rate(>10^(5)s^(-1))effects are negligible,and fluid dynamics is employed to describe the impact process.Efficient numerical tools for precisely predicting the damage degree can greatly accelerate the design and optimization of advanced protective structures.Current hypervelocity impact research primarily focuses on the interaction between projectile and front plate and the movement of debris cloud.However,the damage mechanism of debris cloud impacts on rear plates-the critical threat component-remains underexplored owing to complex multi-physics processes and prohibitive computational costs.Existing approaches,ranging from semi-empirical equations to a machine learningbased ballistic limit prediction method,are constrained to binary penetration classification.Alternatively,the uneven data from experiments and simulations caused these methods to be ineffective when the projectile has irregular shapes and complicate flight attitude.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new damage prediction method for predicting the rear plate damage,which can help to gain a deeper understanding of the damage mechanism.In this study,a machine learning(ML)method is developed to predict the damage distribution in the rear plate.Based on the unit velocity space,the discretized information of debris cloud and rear plate damage from rare simulation cases is used as input data for training the ML models,while the generalization ability for damage distribution prediction is tested by other simulation cases with different attack angles.The results demonstrate that the training and prediction accuracies using the Random Forest(RF)algorithm significantly surpass those using Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)and Support Vector Machine(SVM).The RF-based model effectively identifies damage features in sparsely distributed debris cloud and cumulative effect.This study establishes an expandable new dataset that accommodates additional parameters to improve the prediction accuracy.Results demonstrate the model's ability to overcome data imbalance limitations through debris cloud features,enabling rapid and accurate rear plate damage prediction across wider scenarios with minimal data requirements.展开更多
Rarer dementias are associated with atypical symptoms and younger onset,which result in a higher burden of care.We provide a review of the global literature on longitudinal decline in activities of daily living(ADLs)i...Rarer dementias are associated with atypical symptoms and younger onset,which result in a higher burden of care.We provide a review of the global literature on longitudinal decline in activities of daily living(ADLs)in dementias that account for less than 10%of dementia diagnoses.Published studies were identified through searches conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(MEDLINE),Excerpta Medica Database(Embase),Excerpta Medica Care(Emcare),PsycINFO,and Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL).The search criteria included terms related to‘rarer dementias’,‘activities of daily living’and‘longitudinal or cross-sectional studies’following a predefined protocol registered.Studies were screened,and those that met the criteria were citation searched.Quality assessments were performed,and relevant data were extracted.20 articles were selected,of which 19 focused on dementias within the frontotemporal dementia/primary progressive aphasia spectrum,while one addressed posterior cortical atrophy.Four studies were cross-sectional and 16 studies were longitudinal,with a median duration of 2.2 years.The Disability Assessment for Dementia was used to measure decline in 8 of the 20 studies.The varied sequences of ADL decline reported in the literature reflect variation in diagnostic specificity between studies and within-syndrome heterogeneity.Most studies used Alzheimer’s disease staging scales to measure decline,which cannot capture variant-specific symptoms.To enhance care provision in dementia,ADL scales could be deployed postdiagnosis to aid treatment and planning.This necessitates staging scales that are variant-specific and span the disease course from diagnosis to end of life.展开更多
BACKGROUND Truliant®posterior stabilized(PS)and Truliant cruciate retaining(CR)are two designs used for total knee arthroplasty.Survivorship and reason for revision rates are now available from the American Joint...BACKGROUND Truliant®posterior stabilized(PS)and Truliant cruciate retaining(CR)are two designs used for total knee arthroplasty.Survivorship and reason for revision rates are now available from the American Joint Replacement Registry(AJRR)at short-term time points for both Truliant designs.It was hypothesized that Truliant PS and Truliant CR perform comparably to similar designs in terms of survivorship.AIM To analyze short-term survivorship of Truliant PS or CR total knee arthroplasty relative to non-Truliant PS or CR total knee arthroplasty.METHODS Utilizing data from the AJRR,a retrospective review was performed for subjects who underwent implantation of Truliant PS,Truliant CR,non-Truliant PS,and non-Truliant CR designs as of June 30,2022.Survivorship and reasons for revision were compared statistically between Truliant PS vs non-Truliant PS as well as Truliant CR vs non-Truliant CR groups.Cumulative percent revision rates were compared across three registries,AJRR,Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry(AOANJRR),and the United Kingdom National Joint Registry(UK NJR).RESULTS Truliant PS survivorship was 97.95%at the four-year mark,while Truliant CR survivorship was 99.61%at the three-year mark.There were no significant differences in survivorship hazard ratios or reasons for revision for both Truliant groups vs non-Truliant comparison aggregate groups at short-term time points.Cumulative percent revision rate comparisons were made to device appropriate groups from AJRR,AOANJRR,and UK NJR data.Truliant PS cumulative percent revision rates were similar to non-Truliant cumulative percent revision rates in the AJRR and similar to AOANJRR and UKNJR at both one and three years.Truliant CR cumulative percent revision rates were lower than aggregate AJRR,AOANJRR,and UK NJR cumulative percent revision rates at the one-year and three-year marks.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates high survivorship for Truliant PS total knee arthroplasty out to four-years and Truliant CR total knee arthroplasty out to three-years of follow-up.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42372071,41421002)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China(Grant No.201324)a research grant of the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics(Grant No.SKLCD-04).
文摘Mafic enclaves in granites are generally considered to represent coeval mafic melts that derived from metasomatized mantle,which can provide valuable information about crust-mantle interaction.Exploring the genetic links between the mafic enclaves and their host monzogranite from the Triassic Zhashui Pluton,Qinling orogenic belt.The enclaves(220±4.6 Ma)and the monzogranite(220±2.8 Ma)display identical zircon U-Pb ages,and they also share similar trace element and zircon Lu-Hf isotopes,indicating a cognate source.The monzogranite displays zirconεHf(t)values of−0.99 to+1.98,while the mafic enclaves show similar values of−0.45 to+3.26;however,differences in mineral chemistry reveal different crystallization conditions.The amphibole from the mafic enclaves has higher temperature and pressure(757℃;2.65 kbar)compared to those of the host monzogranite(733℃;1.96 kbar),suggesting that mafic minerals in the enclaves crystallized at an early stage.Moreover,apatite in the mafic enclaves displays slightly higher volatile contents(0.72 wt%)than those of the monzogranite(0.66 wt%),indicating a volatile-rich condition.These results suggest that the mafic enclaves represent early hydrous mafic cumulates in the granitic chamber,and subsequent magma convection would have led to the formation of the mafic enclaves.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC2907600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52074263,52274145 and 52034007)+1 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.GZC20241925)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024QN11002).
文摘Cyclic impact induces ongoing fatigue damage and performance degradation in anchoring structures,ser-ving as a critical factor leading to the instability of deep roadways.This paper takes the intrinsic spatio-temporal relationship of macro-microscopic cumulative damage in anchoring structures as the main thread,revealing the mechanism of bearing capacity degradation and progressive instability of anchoring structure under cyclic impact.Firstly,a set of impact test devices and methods for the prestressed solid anchor bolt anchoring structure were developed,effectively replicating the cyclic impact stress paths in situ.Secondly,cyclic impact anchoring structure tests and simulations were conducted,which clarifies the damage evolution mechanism of the anchoring structure.Prestress loss follows a cubic decay func-tion as the number of impacts increases.Under the same impact energy and pretension force,the impact resistance cycles of extended anchoring and full-length anchoring were increased by 186.7%and 280%,respectively,compared to end anchoring.The rate of internal damage accumulation is positively corre-lated with impact energy and negatively correlated with anchorage length.Internal tensile cracks account for approximately 85%.Stress transmission follows a fluctuating pattern.Compared to the extended anchoring,the maximum vibration velocity of the exposed end particles in the full-length anchoring was reduced by 59.31%.Damage evolution exhibits a pronounced cumulative mutation effect.Then,a three-media,two-interface mechanical model of the anchoring structure was constructed.It has been clarified that the compressive stress,tensile stress,and oscillation effect arising from rapid transi-tions between compression and tension are the primary internal factors responsible for the degradation of the anchoring structure’s bearing capacity.Finally,the progressive instability mechanism of the anchoring structure under cyclic impact was elucidated.The mutual feedback and superposition of media rupture,interface debonding,and bearing capacity degradation result in overall failure.The failure pro-cess involves stages dominated by oscillation-compression,tensile stress,and compression failure.A tar-geted control strategy was further proposed.This provides a reference for maintaining the long-term stability of deep roadways under dynamic impact loads.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No. 41302062)the China Geological Survey(grant No. 12120115034401)
文摘Objective Sulfide inclusions within natural mineral phases play important roles in exploring the origin of magmatic sulfides ores,tracing the distribution of sulfur in mantle or crust and understanding continental mantle evolution（partial melting and metasomatism in upper mantle）.Until now,varieties of sulfide inclusions have been extensively discovered in the ultramafic or mafic phenocrysts.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation 2030-Major Projects,No.2021ZD0202000National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2019YFA0706200+2 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371535Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,No.2023RC3083Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University,No.2023ZZTS0838.
文摘BACKGROUND Sensitivity to stress is essential in the onset,clinical symptoms,course,and prognosis of major depressive disorder(MDD).Meanwhile,it was unclear how variously classified but connected stress-sensitivity variables affect MDD.We hypothesize that high-level trait-and state-related stress-sensitivity factors may have different cumulative effects on the clinical symptoms and follow-up outcomes of MDD.AIM To investigate how stress-sensitivity factors added up and affected MDD clinical symptoms and follow-up results.METHODS In this prospective study,281 MDD patients were enrolled from a tertiary care setting.High-level stress-sensitivity factors were classified as trait anxiety,state anxiety,perceived stress,and neuroticism,with a total score in the top quartile of the research cohort.The cumulative effects of stress-sensitivity factors on cognitive dysfunction,disability and functional impairment,suicide risk,and depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined using an analysis of variance with linear trend analysis.Correlations were investigated further using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS Regarding high-level stress-sensitivity factors,53.40%of patients had at least one at baseline,and 29.61%had two or more.Four high-level stress-sensitivity components had significant cumulative impacts on MDD symptoms at baseline(all P<0.001).Perceived stress predicted the greatest effect sizes of state-related factors on depressive symptoms(partialη^(2)=0.153;standardizedβ=0.195;P<0.05).The follow-up outcomes were significantly impacted only by the high-level trait-related components,mainly when it came to depressive symptoms and suicide risk,which were predicted by trait anxiety and neuroticism,respectively(partialη^(2)=0.204 and 0.156;standardizedβ=0.247 and 0.392;P<0.05).CONCLUSION To enhance outcomes of MDD and lower the suicide risk,screening for stress-sensitivity factors and considering multifaceted measures,mainly focusing on trait-related ones,should be addressed clinically.
文摘Monte Carlo(MC) simulations have been performed to refine the estimation of the correction-toscaling exponent ω in the 2D φ^(4)model,which belongs to one of the most fundamental universality classes.If corrections have the form ∝ L^(-ω),then we find ω=1.546(30) andω=1.509(14) as the best estimates.These are obtained from the finite-size scaling of the susceptibility data in the range of linear lattice sizes L ∈[128,2048] at the critical value of the Binder cumulant and from the scaling of the corresponding pseudocritical couplings within L∈[64,2048].These values agree with several other MC estimates at the assumption of the power-law corrections and are comparable with the known results of the ε-expansion.In addition,we have tested the consistency with the scaling corrections of the form ∝ L^(-4/3),∝L^(-4/3)In L and ∝L^(-4/3)/ln L,which might be expected from some considerations of the renormalization group and Coulomb gas model.The latter option is consistent with our MC data.Our MC results served as a basis for a critical reconsideration of some earlier theoretical conjectures and scaling assumptions.In particular,we have corrected and refined our previous analysis by grouping Feynman diagrams.The renewed analysis gives ω≈4-d-2η as some approximation for spatial dimensions d <4,or ω≈1.5 in two dimensions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102480,52278543 and 51978660)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20231489)。
文摘Liquid-filled containers(LFC)are widely used to store and transport petroleum,chemical reagents,and other resources.As an important target of military strikes and terrorist bombings,LFC are vulnerable to blast waves and fragments.To explore the protective effect of polyurea elastomer on LFC,the damage characteristics of polyurea coated liquid-filled container(PLFC)under the combined loading of blast shock wave and fragments were studied experimentally.The microstructure of the polyurea layer was observed by scanning electron microscopy,and the fracture and self-healing phenomena were analyzed.The simulation approach was used to explain the combined blast-and fragments-induced on the PLFC in detail.Finally,the effects of shock wave and fragment alone and in combination on the damage of PLFC were comprehensively compared.Results showed that the polyurea reduces the perforation rate of the fragment to the LFC,and the self-healing phenomenon could also reduce the liquid loss rate inside the container.The polyurea reduces the degree of depression in the center of the LFC,resulting in a decrease in the distance between adjacent fragments penetrating the LFC,and an increase in the probability of transfixion and fracture between holes.Under the close-in blast,the detonation shock wave reached the LFC before the fragment.Polyurea does not all have an enhanced effect on the protection of LFC.The presence of internal water enhances the anti-blast performance of the container,and the hydrodynamic ram(HRAM)formed by the fragment impacting the water aggravated the plastic deformation of the container.The combined action has an enhancement effect on the deformation of the LFC.The depth of the container depression was 27%higher than that of the blast shock wave alone;thus,it cannot be simply summarized as linear superposition.
文摘BACKGROUND Complications arising from the polyps in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)have historically been addressed through surgical treatment.Enteroscopic poly-pectomy is hypothesized to reduce the risk of surgery in PJS.However,the optimal timing for polyp screening and preventive intervention using entero-scopic polypectomy remains uncertain.This is primarily due to the extremely low incidence of the condition and the paucity of data regarding the natural risk of requiring surgery and its age distribution in PJS patients.In order to develop recommendations on the appropriate timing of polyp screening and preventive intervention in PJS,a comprehensive understanding of the natural surgical risks AIM To investigate the natural surgical risks associated with polyps in PJS and to clarify their age distribution.METHODS A web-based open survey was launched to collect information from Chinese individuals suspected of having PJS.The questionnaire was distributed to the PJS instant messaging groups using a quick response code method.The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods,and the cumulative incidence of surgery was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method.RESULTS Of the 442 patients enrolled,301(68.10%)had undergone 506 surgical procedures prior to enteroscopy or the survey deadline.Among the 506 surgical procedures,388(76.68%)were performed on patients aged between 6 and 25 years.The cumulative incidence rates of the first surgical procedure at 5,10,15,20,25,and 30 years of age were 5.0%(95%confidence interval[CI]:2.9%-7.0%),20.6%(95%CI:16.6%-24.4%),40.5%(95%CI:35.5%-45.1%),58.0%(95%CI:52.7%-62.7%),72.6%(95%CI:67.3%-77.0%),and 82.4%(95%CI:77.0%-86.5%),respectively.The primary indications for the first surgical procedures were intussusception(81.40%),obstruction(13.95%),and gas-trointestinal bleeding(4.65%).The cumulative incidence rates of requiring a second surgical procedure within 1,3,5,10 and 15 years following the first surgical procedure were 3.7%(95%CI:1.5%-5.8%),12.5%(95%CI:8.6%-16.2%),20.3%(95%CI:15.6%-24.8%),37.0%(95%CI:33.1%-45.3%),54.2%(95%CI:46.8%-60.5%),respectively.Patients who underwent their first surgical procedure at the age of nine years or younger presented an elevated risk of requiring a second surgical procedure(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Chinese patients with PJS have a high natural risk of undergoing surgery.Without preventive intervention,these procedures may become necessary at an early age and may be repeated.Early screening and regular surveillance,with preventive intervention if necessary,should commence at six years of age.
文摘Background:Trunk lean angle is an underrepre sented biomechanical variable for modulating and redistributing lower extremity joint loading and potentially reducing the risk of running-related overuse injuries.The purpose of this study was to systematically alter the trunk lean angle in distance running using an auditory real-time feedback approach and to derive dose-response relationships between sagittal plane trunk lean angle and lower extremity(cumulative)joint loading to guide overuse load management in clinical practice.Methods:Thirty recreational runners(15 males and 15 females)ran at a constant speed of 2.5 m/s at 5 systematically varied trunk lean conditions on a force-instrumented treadmill while kinematic and kinetic data were captured.Results:A change in trunk lean angle from-2°(extension)to 28°(flexion)resulted in a systematic increase in stance phase angular impulse,cumulative impulse,and peak moment at the hip joint in the sagittal and transversal plane.In contrast,a systematic decrease in these parameters at the knee j oint in the sagittal plane and the hip joint in the frontal plane was found(p<0.001).Linear fitting revealed that with every degree of anterior trunk leaning,the cumulative hip joint extension loading increases by 3.26 Nm·s/kg/1000 m,while simultaneously decreasing knee joint extension loading by 1.08 Nm·s/kg/1000 m.Conclusion:Trunk leaning can reduce knee joint loading and hip joint abduction loading,at the cost of hip joint loading in the sagittal and transversal planes during distance running.Modulating lower extremity joint loading by altering trunk lean angle is an effective strategy to redistribute joint load between/within the knee and hip joints.When implementing anterior trunk leaning in clinical practice,the increased demands on the hip musculature,dynamic stability,and the potential trade-off with running economy should be considered.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61867003).
文摘As the proportion of newenergy increases,the traditional cumulant method(CM)produces significant errorswhen performing probabilistic load flow(PLF)calculations with large-scale wind power integrated.Considering the wind speed correlation,a multi-scenario PLF calculation method that combines random sampling and segmented discrete wind farm power was proposed.Firstly,based on constructing discrete scenes of wind farms,the Nataf transform is used to handle the correlation between wind speeds.Then,the random sampling method determines the output probability of discrete wind power scenarios when wind speed exhibits correlation.Finally,the PLF calculation results of each scenario areweighted and superimposed following the total probability formula to obtain the final power flow calculation result.Verified in the IEEE standard node system,the absolute percent error(APE)for the mean and standard deviation(SD)of the node voltages and branch active power are all within 1%,and the average root mean square(AMSR)values of the probability curves are all less than 1%.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974206)the Hubei Province Safety Production Special Fund Science and Technology Project(No.KJZX202007007).
文摘In the civil and mining industries,bolts are critical components of support systems,playing a vital role in ensuring their stability.Glass fibre reinforced polymer(GFRP)bolts are widely used because they are corrosion-resistant and cost-effective.However,the damage mechanisms of GFRP bolts under blasting dynamic loads are still unclear,especially compared to metal bolts.This study investigates the cumulative damage of fully grouted GFRP bolts under blasting dynamic loads.The maximum axial stress at the tails of the bolts is defined as the damage variable,based on the failure characteristics of GFRP bolts.By combining this with Miner's cumulative damage theory,a comprehensive theoretical and numerical model is established to calculate cumulative damage.Field data collected from the Jinchuan No.3 Mining Area,including GFRP bolts parameters and blasting vibration data are used for further analysis of cumulative damage in fully grouted GFRP bolts.Results indicate that with an increasing number of blasts,axial stress increases in all parts of GFRP bolts.The tail exhibits the most significant rise,with stress extending deeper into the anchorage zone.Cumulative damage follows an exponential trend with the number of blasts,although the incremental damage per blast decelerates over time.Higher dynamic load intensities accelerate damage accumulation,leading to an exponential decline in the maximum loading cycles before failure.Additionally,stronger surrounding rock and grout mitigate damage accumulation,with the effect of surrounding rock strength being more pronounced than that of grout.In contrast,the maximum axial stress of metal bolts increases quickly to a certain point and then stabilizes.This shows a clear difference between GFRP and metal bolts.This study presents a new cumulative damage theory that underpins the design of GFRP bolt support systems under blasting conditions,identifies key damage factors,and suggests mitigation measures to enhance system stability.
文摘In November 2024,the Global Solar Council announced that the world cumulative solar capacity reached 2 terawatts,twice as much as in mid-2022,clearly showing that solar energy is set to lead the energy transition.
文摘Higher education is transitioning from mass expansion to high-quality development.In this process,mental health issues among college students have become increasingly prominent,encompassing not only academic stress-induced anxiety but also complex challenges such as interpersonal adaptation difficulties and career planning confusion.Traditional“problem-oriented”intervention models have shown limitations in responsiveness and adaptability,often only passively addressing existing psychological crises rather than preventing them in advance.This study aims to explore an AI-powered“positive psychology”proactive intervention model through developing an intelligent system.The system automatically collects,filters,and personalizes recommendations for positive activities on campus.Using a randomized controlled trial design,we conducted an 8-week intervention study involving 126 college students at a university.The study found that AI-based“campus positive activity”recommendations effectively boost students’positive emotions and promote psychological capital development through cumulative micro-interventions.This provides universities with empirical evidence and innovative methods to implement low-cost,efficient,and scalable mental health promotion programs through smart technology.
基金funded by the Basic Scientific Research Fund,Science and Technology Innovation Base of Lanzhou,Institute of Earthquake Forecasting,China Earthquake Administration(Grants No.2020IESLZ03 and 2015IESLZ05)the National Key R&D program of China(Grant No.2017YFC1500906)
文摘On 18 December 2023,a MS 6.2 earthquake struck the Jishishan area in Northwest China,located at the border of the Qinghai-Tibet and Loess Plateau.The earthquake triggered shallow loess landslides,small rock failures,and soil cracks,mainly along hilly gullies and cut slopes at the edges of terraced fields.A rare large-scale flowslide also occurred in irrigated farmland.These seismic landslides and collapses blocked roads,buried farmland,damaged houses,and resulted in many casualties.Field investigations revealed that these geological hazards were concentrated around cultivated land.Consequently,cultivated land was introduced as an engineering geological zoning factor into the seismic geological hazard risk assessment for Jishishan area.The Newmark cumulative displacement model was refined by incorporating lithological uncertainties via the Monte Carlo method.Comparative analysis of coseismic geohazards with and without considering cultivated land suggests that,in loess-covered areas with cultivation activities,the consideration of the disturbed characteristics of soils provides a more accurate probabilistic risk assessment of seismic geohazards.Human cultivation and irrigation activities affect the physical properties of surface soil,the terraced fields around earthquake prone areas have a risk of earthquake-induced geological hazards.This study may offer valuable insights for hazard prevention and mitigation in high fortification intensity loess covered areas.
基金Scientific Research Fund of Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2024B08。
文摘One of the primary tasks of earthquake early warning(EEW)systems is to predict potential earthquake damage rapidly and accurately.Cumulative absolute velocity(CAV),Arias intensity(I_(A)),and spectrum intensity(SI)are important parameters for measuring ground motion intensity and assessing earthquake damage.Due to the limited available information in EEW,CAV,I_(A),and SI cannot be accurately predicted using traditional EEW methods.In this paper,we propose an end-to-end deep learning-based Ground motion Intensity prediction Network(ENGINet)for on-site EEW.The aim of the ENGINet is to predict CAV,I_(A),and SI rapidly and reliably.ENGINet is based on a convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network.The inputs of the network are three-component acceleration records,three-component velocity records,and three-component displacement records obtained by a single station.The results from the test dataset show that at 3 s after the P-wave arrival,compared with the baseline models and other traditional methods,ENGINet has better performance in predicting CAV,I_(A),and SI.Our results indicate that ENGINet can quickly and accurately predict CAV,I_(A),and SI to some extent and has good potential in EEW efforts.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF1303201).
文摘Enhancing the spatio-temporal connectivity of dynamic landscapes is crucial for species to adapt to climate change.However,the spatio-temporal connectivity network approach considering climate change and species movement is often overlooked.Taking Tibetan wild ass on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as an example,we simulated species distribution under current(2019)and future scenarios(2100),constructed spatio-temporal connectivity networks,and assessed the spatio-temporal connectivity.The results show that under the current,SSP2–4.5 and SSP3–7.0 scenarios,suitable habitats for the Tibetan wild ass account for 21.11%,21.34%,and 20.95%of the total area,respectively,with increased fragmentation projected by 2100.78.35%of the habitats which are predicted to be suitable under current conditions will remain suitable in the future,which can be regarded as stable climate refuges.With the increase in future emission intensity,the percentage of auxiliary connectivity corridors increases from 27.65%to 33.57%.This indicates that more patches will function as temporary refuges and the auxiliary connectivity corridors will gradually weaken the dominance of direct connectivity corridors.Under different SSP-RCP scenarios,the internal spatio-temporal connectivity is always higher than direct connectivity and auxiliary connectivity,accounting for 42%–43%.Compared with the spatio-temporal perspective,the purely spatial perspective overestimates network connectivity by about 28%considering all current and future patches,and underestimates network connectivity by 16%–21%when only considering all current or future patches.In this study,a new approach of spatio-temporal connectivity network is proposed to bridge climate refuges,which contributes to the long-term effectiveness of conservation networks for species’adaptation to climate change.
基金Supported by the Wannan Medical College Teaching Hospital Special Application for Scientific Research,No.WK2023JXYY036the Anhui Provincial Translational Clinical Medical Research Special Application,No.202204295107020062.
文摘BACKGROUND Bile leakage is a common complication following laparoscopic common bile duct exploration(LCBDE)with primary duct closure(PDC).Identifying and analyzing the risk factors associated with bile leakage is crucial for improving surgical outcomes.AIM To explore the value analysis of common risk factors for bile leakage after LCBDE and PDC,with a focus on strict adherence to indications.METHODS Clinical data of 106 cases undergoing LCBDE+PDC in the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department(Division 1)of Chuzhou First People’s Hospital from April 2019 to March 2024 were collected.Retrospective and multiple factor regression analysis were conducted on common risk factors for bile leakage.The change in surgical time was analyzed using the cumulative summation(CUSUM)method,and the minimum number of cases required to complete the learning curve for PDC was obtained based on the proposed fitting curve by identifying the CUSUM maximum value.RESULTS Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that fibrinous inflammation and direct bilirubin/indirect bilirubin were significant independent high-risk factors for postoperative bile leakage(P<0.05).The time to drain removal and length of hospital stay in cases without bile leakage were significantly shorter than in cases with bile leakage(P<0.05),with statistical significance.The CUSUM method indicated that a minimum of 51 cases were required for the surgeon to complete the learning curve(P=0.023).CONCLUSION With a good assessment of duodenal papilla sphincter function,unobstructed bile-pancreatic duct convergence,exact stone clearance,and sufficient surgical experience to complete the learning curve,PDC remains the preferred method for bile duct closure and is worthy of clinical promotion.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Nos.E2019203075,E2021203059)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171018)+1 种基金Top Young Talents Project of the Education Department of Hebei Province,China(No.BJ2019001)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance,Central South University,China(No.Kfkt2023-09).
文摘To elucidate the mechanisms of regulating the microstructure uniformity in 7050 aluminum forgings through surface cumulative plastic deformation(SCPD),the microstructure under different solution treatments was investigated using metallographic observation(OM),electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The findings demonstrate that the most uniform microstructure in the forgings is achieved with a solution treatment at 470℃for 30 min.The SCPD process generates a significant number of needle-shaped precipitates,resulting in a higher dislocation density and stored energy.Solution treatments alleviate the pinning effect of second-phase particles and facilitate static recrystallization(SRX)in forgings,leading to a reduction in grain size.Additionally,mechanical testing results demonstrate 7%−13%increase in tensile strength and more uniform elongation of the forgings in different directions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12432018,12372346)the Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12221002).
文摘A typical Whipple shield consists of double-layered plates with a certain gap.The space debris impacts the outer plate and is broken into a debris cloud(shattered,molten,vaporized)with dispersed energy and momentum,which reduces the risk of penetrating the bulkhead.In the realm of hypervelocity impact,strain rate(>10^(5)s^(-1))effects are negligible,and fluid dynamics is employed to describe the impact process.Efficient numerical tools for precisely predicting the damage degree can greatly accelerate the design and optimization of advanced protective structures.Current hypervelocity impact research primarily focuses on the interaction between projectile and front plate and the movement of debris cloud.However,the damage mechanism of debris cloud impacts on rear plates-the critical threat component-remains underexplored owing to complex multi-physics processes and prohibitive computational costs.Existing approaches,ranging from semi-empirical equations to a machine learningbased ballistic limit prediction method,are constrained to binary penetration classification.Alternatively,the uneven data from experiments and simulations caused these methods to be ineffective when the projectile has irregular shapes and complicate flight attitude.Therefore,it is urgent to develop a new damage prediction method for predicting the rear plate damage,which can help to gain a deeper understanding of the damage mechanism.In this study,a machine learning(ML)method is developed to predict the damage distribution in the rear plate.Based on the unit velocity space,the discretized information of debris cloud and rear plate damage from rare simulation cases is used as input data for training the ML models,while the generalization ability for damage distribution prediction is tested by other simulation cases with different attack angles.The results demonstrate that the training and prediction accuracies using the Random Forest(RF)algorithm significantly surpass those using Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)and Support Vector Machine(SVM).The RF-based model effectively identifies damage features in sparsely distributed debris cloud and cumulative effect.This study establishes an expandable new dataset that accommodates additional parameters to improve the prediction accuracy.Results demonstrate the model's ability to overcome data imbalance limitations through debris cloud features,enabling rapid and accurate rear plate damage prediction across wider scenarios with minimal data requirements.
基金supported by UKResearch and Innovation(MR/S03546X/1)National BrainAppeal,Economic and Social ResearchCouncil(ES/S010467/1)+4 种基金Wellcome Trust(221915/Z/20/Z),ESRC(ES/W006014/1)Royal National Institute for Deaf People-Dunhill Medical Trust Pauline Ashley(204841/Z/16/Z,PA23)London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre(221915/Z/20/Z)Bloomsbury and East London Doctoral Training Partnership(ES/P000592/1)National Institute for Health Research.
文摘Rarer dementias are associated with atypical symptoms and younger onset,which result in a higher burden of care.We provide a review of the global literature on longitudinal decline in activities of daily living(ADLs)in dementias that account for less than 10%of dementia diagnoses.Published studies were identified through searches conducted in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online(MEDLINE),Excerpta Medica Database(Embase),Excerpta Medica Care(Emcare),PsycINFO,and Cumulative Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL).The search criteria included terms related to‘rarer dementias’,‘activities of daily living’and‘longitudinal or cross-sectional studies’following a predefined protocol registered.Studies were screened,and those that met the criteria were citation searched.Quality assessments were performed,and relevant data were extracted.20 articles were selected,of which 19 focused on dementias within the frontotemporal dementia/primary progressive aphasia spectrum,while one addressed posterior cortical atrophy.Four studies were cross-sectional and 16 studies were longitudinal,with a median duration of 2.2 years.The Disability Assessment for Dementia was used to measure decline in 8 of the 20 studies.The varied sequences of ADL decline reported in the literature reflect variation in diagnostic specificity between studies and within-syndrome heterogeneity.Most studies used Alzheimer’s disease staging scales to measure decline,which cannot capture variant-specific symptoms.To enhance care provision in dementia,ADL scales could be deployed postdiagnosis to aid treatment and planning.This necessitates staging scales that are variant-specific and span the disease course from diagnosis to end of life.
文摘BACKGROUND Truliant®posterior stabilized(PS)and Truliant cruciate retaining(CR)are two designs used for total knee arthroplasty.Survivorship and reason for revision rates are now available from the American Joint Replacement Registry(AJRR)at short-term time points for both Truliant designs.It was hypothesized that Truliant PS and Truliant CR perform comparably to similar designs in terms of survivorship.AIM To analyze short-term survivorship of Truliant PS or CR total knee arthroplasty relative to non-Truliant PS or CR total knee arthroplasty.METHODS Utilizing data from the AJRR,a retrospective review was performed for subjects who underwent implantation of Truliant PS,Truliant CR,non-Truliant PS,and non-Truliant CR designs as of June 30,2022.Survivorship and reasons for revision were compared statistically between Truliant PS vs non-Truliant PS as well as Truliant CR vs non-Truliant CR groups.Cumulative percent revision rates were compared across three registries,AJRR,Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry(AOANJRR),and the United Kingdom National Joint Registry(UK NJR).RESULTS Truliant PS survivorship was 97.95%at the four-year mark,while Truliant CR survivorship was 99.61%at the three-year mark.There were no significant differences in survivorship hazard ratios or reasons for revision for both Truliant groups vs non-Truliant comparison aggregate groups at short-term time points.Cumulative percent revision rate comparisons were made to device appropriate groups from AJRR,AOANJRR,and UK NJR data.Truliant PS cumulative percent revision rates were similar to non-Truliant cumulative percent revision rates in the AJRR and similar to AOANJRR and UKNJR at both one and three years.Truliant CR cumulative percent revision rates were lower than aggregate AJRR,AOANJRR,and UK NJR cumulative percent revision rates at the one-year and three-year marks.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates high survivorship for Truliant PS total knee arthroplasty out to four-years and Truliant CR total knee arthroplasty out to three-years of follow-up.
