Culture shock is a problem that most overseas students may experience,hence the importance of analysis on culture shock and its influences.This paper firstly draws on the reasons why culture difference exists and the ...Culture shock is a problem that most overseas students may experience,hence the importance of analysis on culture shock and its influences.This paper firstly draws on the reasons why culture difference exists and the situation it brings about.The result shows that culture shock is inevitable to anyone who lives abroad,and the variability in the length of culture shock time.Therefore the only method abroad people can deal with culture shock is to release the caused effect,and communicate more until the effect recedes.At the end of this essay,it offers advice on how to get over culture shock period and obtain a better acculturation when studying abroad.展开更多
Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory condition that plagues millions all over the world.This debilitating bowel disease can start in early childhood and continue into late adulthood.Signs and symptoms are usu...Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory condition that plagues millions all over the world.This debilitating bowel disease can start in early childhood and continue into late adulthood.Signs and symptoms are usually many and multiple tests are often required for the diagnosis and confirmation of this disease.However,little is still understood about the cause(s)of CD.As a result,several theories have been proposed over the years.One theory in particular is that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis(MAP)is intimately linked to the etiology of CD.This fastidious bacterium also known to cause Johne’s disease in cattle has infected the intestines of animals for years.It is believed that due to the thick,waxy cell wall of MAP it is able to survive the process of pasteurization as well as chemical processes seen in irrigation purification systems.Subsequently meat,dairy products and water serve as key vehicles in the transmission of MAP infection to humans(from farm to fork)who have a genetic predisposition,thus leading to the development of CD.The challenges faced in culturing this bacterium from CD are many.Examples include its extreme slow growth,lack of cell wall,low abundance,and its mycobactin dependency.In this review article,data from 60 studies showing the detection and isolation of MAP by PCR and culture techniques have been reviewed.Although this review may not be 100%comprehensive of all studies,clearly the majority of the studies overwhelmingly and definitively support the role of MAP in at least30%-50%of CD patients.It is very possible that lack of detection of MAP from some CD patients may be due to the absence of MAP role in these patients.The latter statement is conditional on utilization of methodology appropriate for detection of human MAP strains.Ultimately,stratification of CD and inflammatory bowel disease patients for the presence or absence of MAP is necessary for appropriate and effective treatment which may lead to a cure.展开更多
Objective:The E3 ligase,CRL4,plays diverse roles in different cellular processes,such as DNA damage,transcriptional regulation,cell cycle progression,and cell apoptosis.Our previous study showed that CUL4A and CUL4B h...Objective:The E3 ligase,CRL4,plays diverse roles in different cellular processes,such as DNA damage,transcriptional regulation,cell cycle progression,and cell apoptosis.Our previous study showed that CUL4A and CUL4B had a strong association with tobacco smoking risk in lung squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and small cell lung carcinoma(SCLC).This study aimed to define the potential mechanism underlying the roles of CUL4A and CUL4B in the development of SCC and SCLC.Methods:We determined the role of CUL4A and CUL4B in the cell cycle and apoptosis of SCC and SCLC,and identified the key apoptosis-related gene involved in the oncogenic activity of CUL4B by Western blot,immunohistochemical staining,flow cytometry,and enzyme inhibition experiments.Results:We found that depletion of CUL4A and CUL4B reduced the proliferation of SCC and SCLC cells.cUL4Aknockdown but not CUL4Bknockdown arrested cells in Gl phase while upregulating P21 and cU L4Bknockdown promoted cell apoptosis through upregulation o f FOXO3A.Accordingly,CUL4B decreased FO X03A expression by activating the ERK signaling pathway and mediating FOXO3A degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.Conclusions:These results identified the function of E3 ligase CRL4 in regulating SCC and SCLC cell proliferation,which provides a potential strategy for cancer therapy by targeting FOXO3A and the E3 ligase,CRL4.展开更多
Taking Chongqing as example, the paper ascertains the influencing factors of cultivation land intensive use from aspects of land conditions, family conditions and land operation conditions and theoretically expects th...Taking Chongqing as example, the paper ascertains the influencing factors of cultivation land intensive use from aspects of land conditions, family conditions and land operation conditions and theoretically expects the influencing relations of factors to the intensive uses. Collecting the land conditions, family conditions and land operation conditions through surveys, analyzes each influencing factors in a statistical description way. Constructing the empirical model, calculates the relations of land intensive use to the influencing factors with SPSS. The calculation results show a significant inverse correlation between land intensive use and land area, the space between land and counties, family members, the number of migrant workers, types of cultivation land, land transfer conditions. There is a significant positive correlation between land use and family average income, land investment. Based on these, the paper puts forwards corresponding suggestions and countermeasures of highlighting the land intensive using levels.展开更多
Forests have economic,ecological,social and cultural functions.Forests Cultural ecology,the counterpart of forest ecology,is the integration of human spirit formed on the basis of natural forest and living systems.In ...Forests have economic,ecological,social and cultural functions.Forests Cultural ecology,the counterpart of forest ecology,is the integration of human spirit formed on the basis of natural forest and living systems.In recent years,China's urbanization rate has increased from 28%in 1993 to 45.68%in 2008,and ecological protection of urban forest has made great progress,but insufficient attention was paid to the forest cultural ecology protection and the relevant regulatory was not well performed.In order to strengthen the protection of forest cultural ecology and the management,the study showed that the social economic development of China has become mature and entered the consumption phase,besides,cultural ecology protection of forest will be the essence of urban forestry development in the future,so more and more attention will be paid to the protection of urban forest cultural ecology,especially with the enhancement of urbanization in China.The study suggests that protection of urban forest cultural ecology should be included into the forest legislation and management.The development planning of urban forest development should be strengthened to highlight the organic combination of material wealth production and spiritual wealth production,and finally promote protection of urban forest culture and the development of green culture.展开更多
文摘Culture shock is a problem that most overseas students may experience,hence the importance of analysis on culture shock and its influences.This paper firstly draws on the reasons why culture difference exists and the situation it brings about.The result shows that culture shock is inevitable to anyone who lives abroad,and the variability in the length of culture shock time.Therefore the only method abroad people can deal with culture shock is to release the caused effect,and communicate more until the effect recedes.At the end of this essay,it offers advice on how to get over culture shock period and obtain a better acculturation when studying abroad.
文摘Crohn’s disease(CD)is a chronic inflammatory condition that plagues millions all over the world.This debilitating bowel disease can start in early childhood and continue into late adulthood.Signs and symptoms are usually many and multiple tests are often required for the diagnosis and confirmation of this disease.However,little is still understood about the cause(s)of CD.As a result,several theories have been proposed over the years.One theory in particular is that Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis(MAP)is intimately linked to the etiology of CD.This fastidious bacterium also known to cause Johne’s disease in cattle has infected the intestines of animals for years.It is believed that due to the thick,waxy cell wall of MAP it is able to survive the process of pasteurization as well as chemical processes seen in irrigation purification systems.Subsequently meat,dairy products and water serve as key vehicles in the transmission of MAP infection to humans(from farm to fork)who have a genetic predisposition,thus leading to the development of CD.The challenges faced in culturing this bacterium from CD are many.Examples include its extreme slow growth,lack of cell wall,low abundance,and its mycobactin dependency.In this review article,data from 60 studies showing the detection and isolation of MAP by PCR and culture techniques have been reviewed.Although this review may not be 100%comprehensive of all studies,clearly the majority of the studies overwhelmingly and definitively support the role of MAP in at least30%-50%of CD patients.It is very possible that lack of detection of MAP from some CD patients may be due to the absence of MAP role in these patients.The latter statement is conditional on utilization of methodology appropriate for detection of human MAP strains.Ultimately,stratification of CD and inflammatory bowel disease patients for the presence or absence of MAP is necessary for appropriate and effective treatment which may lead to a cure.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81772620 and 31471341)the Key Science and Technology Project of Tianjin Chronic Disease Prevention and Control(Grant No.17XXMFSY00130)the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2018ZX09201-015).
文摘Objective:The E3 ligase,CRL4,plays diverse roles in different cellular processes,such as DNA damage,transcriptional regulation,cell cycle progression,and cell apoptosis.Our previous study showed that CUL4A and CUL4B had a strong association with tobacco smoking risk in lung squamous cell carcinoma(SCC)and small cell lung carcinoma(SCLC).This study aimed to define the potential mechanism underlying the roles of CUL4A and CUL4B in the development of SCC and SCLC.Methods:We determined the role of CUL4A and CUL4B in the cell cycle and apoptosis of SCC and SCLC,and identified the key apoptosis-related gene involved in the oncogenic activity of CUL4B by Western blot,immunohistochemical staining,flow cytometry,and enzyme inhibition experiments.Results:We found that depletion of CUL4A and CUL4B reduced the proliferation of SCC and SCLC cells.cUL4Aknockdown but not CUL4Bknockdown arrested cells in Gl phase while upregulating P21 and cU L4Bknockdown promoted cell apoptosis through upregulation o f FOXO3A.Accordingly,CUL4B decreased FO X03A expression by activating the ERK signaling pathway and mediating FOXO3A degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.Conclusions:These results identified the function of E3 ligase CRL4 in regulating SCC and SCLC cell proliferation,which provides a potential strategy for cancer therapy by targeting FOXO3A and the E3 ligase,CRL4.
基金Supported by Youth Fund of Chongqing Municipal Association of Social Sciences ( 2007-JJ26)
文摘Taking Chongqing as example, the paper ascertains the influencing factors of cultivation land intensive use from aspects of land conditions, family conditions and land operation conditions and theoretically expects the influencing relations of factors to the intensive uses. Collecting the land conditions, family conditions and land operation conditions through surveys, analyzes each influencing factors in a statistical description way. Constructing the empirical model, calculates the relations of land intensive use to the influencing factors with SPSS. The calculation results show a significant inverse correlation between land intensive use and land area, the space between land and counties, family members, the number of migrant workers, types of cultivation land, land transfer conditions. There is a significant positive correlation between land use and family average income, land investment. Based on these, the paper puts forwards corresponding suggestions and countermeasures of highlighting the land intensive using levels.
基金Supported by the Forestry Nonprofit Industry Scientific Research Special Fund Projects of the State Forestry Administration in China(200904003)
文摘Forests have economic,ecological,social and cultural functions.Forests Cultural ecology,the counterpart of forest ecology,is the integration of human spirit formed on the basis of natural forest and living systems.In recent years,China's urbanization rate has increased from 28%in 1993 to 45.68%in 2008,and ecological protection of urban forest has made great progress,but insufficient attention was paid to the forest cultural ecology protection and the relevant regulatory was not well performed.In order to strengthen the protection of forest cultural ecology and the management,the study showed that the social economic development of China has become mature and entered the consumption phase,besides,cultural ecology protection of forest will be the essence of urban forestry development in the future,so more and more attention will be paid to the protection of urban forest cultural ecology,especially with the enhancement of urbanization in China.The study suggests that protection of urban forest cultural ecology should be included into the forest legislation and management.The development planning of urban forest development should be strengthened to highlight the organic combination of material wealth production and spiritual wealth production,and finally promote protection of urban forest culture and the development of green culture.
