Cucumeropsis mannii, an underutilized oil seed was processed into raw full fat and defatted seed flours and its chemical, functional properties and anti-nutritional factors were determined using standard techniques. T...Cucumeropsis mannii, an underutilized oil seed was processed into raw full fat and defatted seed flours and its chemical, functional properties and anti-nutritional factors were determined using standard techniques. The effects of sample concentration and pH on the foaming properties of the seed flours were determined. The results showed that the full fat and defatted seed flours contained the following in g/100 g sample; 5.0 and 5.1; 45.8 and 1.0; 39.4 and 78.7; 3.45 and 4.40; 1.50 and 3.05; 4.85 and 7.75 for moisture, crude fat, protein, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate, respectively. The most abundant mineral elements in the seed flour （mg/100 g） are potassium （198.5）, followed by nickel （30.0） and magnesium （28.4）. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and stability, least gelation concentration, emulsion capacity and bulk density are 55.5% and 125.0%; 128.8% and 184.0%; 10.5% and 17.0%; 3.0% and 1.5%; 16.0% and 10.0 g/mL; 85.0 and 115.0 mL/g; 0.42 and 0.25 g/mL, respectively. Defatting influenced the functional properties. The foaming capacity is dependent on sample concentration and pH. The protein solubility of the full fat and defatted seed flours was minimum between pH 3 and 4 and maximum at pH 11. The anti-nutritional composition of the seed flour revealed the following： tannic acid, 1.54 mg/100 g; phytin phosphorus, 0.70 rag/g; phytic acid, 2.48 mg/g; oxalate, 1.85 mg/g; alkaloids 1.97% and saponin 0.50%. The seed flours （full fat and defatted） have potential as nutrient supplement, thickeners and emulsifiers in food system.展开更多
Botswana is well endowed with abundant vegetable oil producing plants which have not been fully exploited on the nutritional and phytochemical profile. The communities use these plants for food and medicine. Nutrient ...Botswana is well endowed with abundant vegetable oil producing plants which have not been fully exploited on the nutritional and phytochemical profile. The communities use these plants for food and medicine. Nutrient data (g/100g) obtained showed that Cucumeropsis mannii seeds had moisture 3.89, crude protein 9.07, ash content 3.20, crude fiber 21.26, total carbohydrate 18.14. The oil yield in the seeds was 44.4%. The high oil content is an indication that these seeds are a good source of oil. The mineral content (mg/100g) were as shown: Na (4.44), K (537.9), Mg (93.15), Ca (71.13), Mn (1.89), Fe (12.79), and Zn (5.55). Mineral analysis indicated that the seed contains important macro and micro minerals, which play a significant role in protection of the body from diseases. Oil from Cucumeropsis mannii seeds was also extracted and characterized using Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) methods for physicochemical parameters, phytochemical screening, and quantitative analysis. The results revealed that the saponification value (mg KOH/g), acid value (mg KOH/g), peroxide value (mg peroxide/kg), specific gravity, and refractive index were 200.11, 9.54, 1.59, 0.94, and 1.46, respectively. The high saponification value demonstrated that the oil may be suitable for soap making. The low acid value indicated that the oil was edible;while the low peroxide value indicated that the oil was less susceptible to oxidation and rancidity, deterioration, and off flavours at room temperature. With respect to phytochemicals, they were all present in the oil extracts. The total flavonoid content was 2.21 mg/g catechin equivalent. The total phenol content was 1.72 mg GAE/g. The radical scavenging activity was 94.3 ± 10.8 VCEAC/100g. Phytochemicals are active biological compounds found in plant and they are source of medicinal agents which are beneficial to the human body.展开更多
文摘Cucumeropsis mannii, an underutilized oil seed was processed into raw full fat and defatted seed flours and its chemical, functional properties and anti-nutritional factors were determined using standard techniques. The effects of sample concentration and pH on the foaming properties of the seed flours were determined. The results showed that the full fat and defatted seed flours contained the following in g/100 g sample; 5.0 and 5.1; 45.8 and 1.0; 39.4 and 78.7; 3.45 and 4.40; 1.50 and 3.05; 4.85 and 7.75 for moisture, crude fat, protein, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate, respectively. The most abundant mineral elements in the seed flour （mg/100 g） are potassium （198.5）, followed by nickel （30.0） and magnesium （28.4）. The water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity and stability, least gelation concentration, emulsion capacity and bulk density are 55.5% and 125.0%; 128.8% and 184.0%; 10.5% and 17.0%; 3.0% and 1.5%; 16.0% and 10.0 g/mL; 85.0 and 115.0 mL/g; 0.42 and 0.25 g/mL, respectively. Defatting influenced the functional properties. The foaming capacity is dependent on sample concentration and pH. The protein solubility of the full fat and defatted seed flours was minimum between pH 3 and 4 and maximum at pH 11. The anti-nutritional composition of the seed flour revealed the following： tannic acid, 1.54 mg/100 g; phytin phosphorus, 0.70 rag/g; phytic acid, 2.48 mg/g; oxalate, 1.85 mg/g; alkaloids 1.97% and saponin 0.50%. The seed flours （full fat and defatted） have potential as nutrient supplement, thickeners and emulsifiers in food system.
文摘Botswana is well endowed with abundant vegetable oil producing plants which have not been fully exploited on the nutritional and phytochemical profile. The communities use these plants for food and medicine. Nutrient data (g/100g) obtained showed that Cucumeropsis mannii seeds had moisture 3.89, crude protein 9.07, ash content 3.20, crude fiber 21.26, total carbohydrate 18.14. The oil yield in the seeds was 44.4%. The high oil content is an indication that these seeds are a good source of oil. The mineral content (mg/100g) were as shown: Na (4.44), K (537.9), Mg (93.15), Ca (71.13), Mn (1.89), Fe (12.79), and Zn (5.55). Mineral analysis indicated that the seed contains important macro and micro minerals, which play a significant role in protection of the body from diseases. Oil from Cucumeropsis mannii seeds was also extracted and characterized using Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemist (AOAC) methods for physicochemical parameters, phytochemical screening, and quantitative analysis. The results revealed that the saponification value (mg KOH/g), acid value (mg KOH/g), peroxide value (mg peroxide/kg), specific gravity, and refractive index were 200.11, 9.54, 1.59, 0.94, and 1.46, respectively. The high saponification value demonstrated that the oil may be suitable for soap making. The low acid value indicated that the oil was edible;while the low peroxide value indicated that the oil was less susceptible to oxidation and rancidity, deterioration, and off flavours at room temperature. With respect to phytochemicals, they were all present in the oil extracts. The total flavonoid content was 2.21 mg/g catechin equivalent. The total phenol content was 1.72 mg GAE/g. The radical scavenging activity was 94.3 ± 10.8 VCEAC/100g. Phytochemicals are active biological compounds found in plant and they are source of medicinal agents which are beneficial to the human body.
