In this study, S-doped NbSea （NbSo.aSel.8） powders were fabricated, and the corresponding Cu-based composites （Cu/NbSo.eSe1.8） were obtained by powder metallurgy technique. The phase compositions, physical, and tr...In this study, S-doped NbSea （NbSo.aSel.8） powders were fabricated, and the corresponding Cu-based composites （Cu/NbSo.eSe1.8） were obtained by powder metallurgy technique. The phase compositions, physical, and tribological properties of Cu-based composites were investigated systematically. The results show that Cu matrix reacts with NbSo.2Sel.8 to produce Cu2Se and Cu0.38NbSo.2Se1.8 during sintering process, which influences the physical and tribological properties of Cu-based composites significantly. Specially, with NbS0.2Se1.8 content increasing, the density of Cu/ NbSo.2Se1.8 composites decreases, and the hardness increases firstly and then decreases, while the electric resistivity in- creases slightly. In addition, the incorporation of NbSo.2Se1.8 enhances the tribological properties of Cu greatly, which is attributed to the lubricating effect of Cuo,38NbSo.2Se1.8 and the reinforcement effect of Cu2Se. In particular, when the content of NbSo.2Sel.8 is 6 wt%, the Cu-based composite has the best tribological properties.展开更多
Cu and Nb powders were used as starting materials to produce Cu-Nb and Cu-NbC-WC composites by mechanical alloying.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy observations and micro...Cu and Nb powders were used as starting materials to produce Cu-Nb and Cu-NbC-WC composites by mechanical alloying.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy observations and microhardness measurements have been used to study the effects of milling tools on the phase,microstructure and property of the composites.The results revealed that a single-phase nanocrystalline solid solution was obtained using stainless steel vials and balls(Alloy 1).Nevertheless,Cu-7 wt%Nb powders milled by tungsten carbon vials and balls exhibited an amorphous phase(Alloy 2).The as-milled powders were then vacuum hot-pressing sintered.The microstructure of sintered Alloy 1 consisted of Nb nanoparticles and Cu nanograins.Instead,Alloy 2 showed a microstructure with NbC nanoparticles and WC submicron-sized particles dispersed throughout the Cu matrix.Furthermore,Alloy 2(~322 HV)had a higher microhardness than Alloy 1(~302 HV).展开更多
The mechanical and tribological properties of Cu-based powder metallurgy （P/M） friction composites containing 10wt%-50wt% oxide-dispersion-strengthened （ODS） Cu reinforced with nano-Al2O3 were investigated. Additi...The mechanical and tribological properties of Cu-based powder metallurgy （P/M） friction composites containing 10wt%-50wt% oxide-dispersion-strengthened （ODS） Cu reinforced with nano-Al2O3 were investigated. Additionally, the friction and wear behaviors as well as the wear mechanism of the Cu-based composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） elemental mapping. The results indicated that the Cu-based friction composite containing 30wt% ODS Cu exhibited the highest hardness and shear strength. The average and instantaneous friction coefficient curves of this sample, when operated in a high-speed train at a speed of 300 km/h, were similar to those of a commercial disc brake pad produced by Knorr-Bremse AG （Germany）. Additionally, the lowest linear wear loss of the obtained samples was （0.008 ± 0.001） mm per time per face, which is much lower than that of the Knorr-Bremse pad （（0.01 ± 0.001） mm）. The excellent performance of the developed pad is a consequence of the formation of a dense oxide composite layer and its close combination with the pad body.展开更多
Thermodynamically stable and ultra-thin “phase” at the interface, known as complexions, can significantly improve the mechanical properties of nanolayered composites. However, the effect of complexions features (e.g...Thermodynamically stable and ultra-thin “phase” at the interface, known as complexions, can significantly improve the mechanical properties of nanolayered composites. However, the effect of complexions features (e.g., crystalline orientation, crystalline structure and amorphous composition) on the plastic deformation remains inadequately investigated, and the correlation with the plastic transmission and mechanical response has not been fully established. Here, using atomistic simulations, we elucidate the different complexions-dominated plastic transmission and mechanical response. Complexions can alter the preferred slip system of dislocation nucleation, depending on the Schmid factor and interface structure. After nucleation, the dislocation density exhibits an inverse correlation with the stress magnitude, because the number of dislocations influences the initiation of plastic deformation and determines the stress release. For crystalline complexions with different structures and orientations, the ability of dislocation transmission is mainly dependent on the continuity of the slip system. The plastic transmission can easily proceed and exhibits relatively low flow stress when the slip system is well-aligned. In the case of amorphous complexions with different compositions, compositional variations impact the atomic percentage of shear transformation zones after loading, resulting in different magnitudes of plastic deformation. When smaller plastic deformation is produced, less stress can be released contributing to higher flow stress. These findings reveal the role of the complexions on plasticity behavior and provide valuable insights for the design of nanolayered composites.展开更多
Bulk Cu50Zr40Ti10 amorphous alloy composites reinforced with carbon nanotube （CNT） were successfully fabricated by hot pressing technique. Their density, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties were systemic...Bulk Cu50Zr40Ti10 amorphous alloy composites reinforced with carbon nanotube （CNT） were successfully fabricated by hot pressing technique. Their density, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties were systemically investigated. The density and the compression strength of the compacts both decrease with increasing CNT content. The thermal conductivity of the compacts decreases when the CNT content is less than 0.10% or exceeds 0.60% （mass fraction）, while increases when the CNT content is in the range of 0.1%-0.6%. The strain limit and the modulus of the compacts are obviously improved when the CNT content is less than 1.0% and then decrease significantly when the CNT content exceeds 1.00%. The optimum CNT addition is less than 0.20% at the comprehensive properties point of view.展开更多
Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynam...Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.展开更多
Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with ...Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.展开更多
A composite electrocatalyst,CoMoNiO-S/NF-110(NF is nickel foam),was synthesized through electrodeposition,followed by pyrolysis and then the vulcanization process.CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited a structure where Ni3S2 and...A composite electrocatalyst,CoMoNiO-S/NF-110(NF is nickel foam),was synthesized through electrodeposition,followed by pyrolysis and then the vulcanization process.CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited a structure where Ni3S2 and Mo2S3 nanoparticles were integrated at the edges of Co3O4 nanosheets,creating a rich,heterogeneous interface that enhances the synergistic effects of each component.In an alkaline electrolyte,the synthesized CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction(OER),achieving current densities of 100 and 200 mA·cm^(-2) with low overpotentials of 199.4 and 224.4 mV,respectively,outperforming RuO2 and several high-performance Mo and Ni-based catalysts.This excellent performance is attributed to the rich interface formed between the components and active sites exposed by the defect structure.展开更多
A gradient structure was introduced into a metal laminated target plate,and the anti-penetration simulation of the gradient structure was compared with that of a uniform-layer-thickness target plate by finite element ...A gradient structure was introduced into a metal laminated target plate,and the anti-penetration simulation of the gradient structure was compared with that of a uniform-layer-thickness target plate by finite element simulation.The analysis was verified by an impact experiment.Results show that the high-level thickness and appropriate percentage of Ti alloy at the upper side of the gradient structure provide greater impact resistance against the bullet,which increases the warhead breakage and enhances the anti-penetration performance.In addition,during the impact process,the stress is transmitted and reflected in the form of waves in each layer of the target plate,and the interaction between the compression and tension waves causes non-synergistic deformation of the target plate and leads to delamination.The gradient target plate takes penetration resistance a step further through the higher energy absorption rate and more consumption of the bullet kinetic energy.This research provides a theoretical basis for the application of gradient structures in metallic laminated armor.展开更多
KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to eva...KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).展开更多
Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel(C/CA)composites are one of the most promising candidates for applications requiring both thermal insulation and load bearing capabilities.The preparation of anti-oxidation coatin...Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel(C/CA)composites are one of the most promising candidates for applications requiring both thermal insulation and load bearing capabilities.The preparation of anti-oxidation coatings on C/CA to address its susceptibility to oxidation is a feasible approach to promote its application in oxidative environments.However,the currently reported coatings on C/CA mainly focus on improving the ablation performance and coating preparation process typically necessitating high-temperature heat treatment.This procedure can increase its thermal conductivity and reduce its thermal insulation ability.In this study,a series of ceramic-resin coatings were fabricated on C/CA through a simple slurry brushing-drying approach at room temperature.The effects of phenolic resin content on the coating structure,residual stress,thermal shock,and oxidation behaviors were investigated.Due to the adhesive properties and curing-induced shrinkage,the PR-7.5 coating(containing 7.5%(in mass)phenolic resin in the slurry)exhibits bonding strength close to fracture strength of the substrate and residual compressive stress of 0.853 GPa,which is beneficial for resisting thermal shock cracking.However,excessive resin content(PR-10.0 containing 10.0%(in mass)phenolic resin in the slurry)induces tensile stress due to uneven curing shrinkage,thereby leading to thermal shock cracking.Meanwhile,oxidation tests reveal significantly reduced weight losses for PR-7.5(17.46%at 800℃/100 min,8.15%at 1000℃/120 min,3.15%at 1200℃/120 min)versus uncoated C/CA’s 44.60%loss at 800℃/20 min.This work provides a brand-new and simple approach to improving the anti-oxidation performance of C/CA and expands its application in mild oxidative environments.展开更多
The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene(Py)molecul...The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene(Py)molecules and{[Co2(BINDI)(DMA)_(2)]·DMA}_(n)(Co-MOF,H4BINDI=N,N'-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalenediimide,DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide)was synthesized via a one-pot method,leveragingπ-πinteractions between pyrene and Co-MOF to modulate electrical conductivity.Results demonstrate that the Py@Co-MOF catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced OER performance compared to pure Co-MOF or pyrene-based electrodes,achieving an overpotential of 246 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) along with excellent stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the formation of O*in the second step is the rate-determining step(RDS)during the OER process on Co-MOF,with an energy barrier of 0.85 eV due to the weak adsorption affinity of the OH*intermediate for Co sites.CCDC:2419276.展开更多
Methanol steam reforming(MSR)represents a promising route for hydrogen production,leveraging the high energy density and liquid-phase storage advantages of methanol.Copper-based catalysts have become indispensable for...Methanol steam reforming(MSR)represents a promising route for hydrogen production,leveraging the high energy density and liquid-phase storage advantages of methanol.Copper-based catalysts have become indispensable for MSR due to their cost-effectiveness,exceptional catalytic activity,and tunable selectivity.However,persistent challenges such as thermal sintering,undesirable CO byproduct formation,diminished low-temperature reactivity,and long-term catalyst deactivation limit their broad industrial deployment.This review comprehensively examines the mechanistic pathways of MSR over Cu-based catalysts,with particular focus on differentiating catalyst formulations optimized for high-temperature(>200°C)versus low-temperature(<200°C)operation.It highlights the decisive influence of Cu nanoparticle size,electronic structure,and crystal structure on catalytic performance.Cutting-edge design strategies,including multi-element engineering,innovative synthesis techniques,and deactivation mitigation,are critically evaluated to elucidate mechanistic connections between atomic-scale structure and catalytic performance enhancement.Finally,industrial applications of commercial Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)variants and their scalability challenges are discussed,alongside prospective strategies for catalyst innovation and engineering to advance next-generation hydrogen production.展开更多
Graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks demonstrate extensive application potential in military equipment thermal management,high-power electronic packaging,new energy vehicles,and 5G communication systems,due to t...Graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks demonstrate extensive application potential in military equipment thermal management,high-power electronic packaging,new energy vehicles,and 5G communication systems,due to their outstanding properties,including high thermal conductivity,tunable thermal expansion coefficients,excellent mechanical strength,and low density.However,the industrial-scale application of these composites faces critical challenges during the fabrication of components with complex structures,such as inhomogeneous dispersion of graphene within the copper matrix and poor interfacial bonding between the two phases,which substantially undermine the overall performance of graphene/copper-based composites.To address these issues,the preparation methods for graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks were reviewed.For each method,a rigorous analysis was presented to clarify its inherent advantages and unavoidable restrictions.Furthermore,the latest research progress in addressing three core scientific challenges was synthesized,including uniform dispersion of graphene,interfacial optimization mechanisms,and molecular dynamics simulations for elucidating the structure-property relationships.Finally,the future development directions of graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks in engineering applications were prospected.展开更多
We mixed Bacillus subtilis and brewing yeast to prepare composite microbial self-healing materials,and studied the self-healing effect of composite microorganisms in mortar cracks of different widths and cracking ages...We mixed Bacillus subtilis and brewing yeast to prepare composite microbial self-healing materials,and studied the self-healing effect of composite microorganisms in mortar cracks of different widths and cracking ages.The experimental results show that the performance and self-healing effect of composite micro-organisms are significantly better than those of single microorganisms.For cracks with widths of 0.2-0.4 mm,the repair effect of the composite microorganisms at 28 days is 42.7%and 71.2%higher than that of pure Bacillus and pure yeast,respectively.The repairing rate of the area with the widths of the cracks of 0.2-0.4,0.4-0.6,and 0.6-0.8 mm are 100%,77.3%,and 53.4%,respectively.The area repair rates corresponding to cracking ages of 56,90,and 180 days are 73.3%,55.4%,and 30.8%,respectively.展开更多
Traditional dynamic analysis of mechanical structures,often limited to individual beams or plates,fails to fully capture their dynamic behaviors.In systems where space and mass are constrained,such as the battery supp...Traditional dynamic analysis of mechanical structures,often limited to individual beams or plates,fails to fully capture their dynamic behaviors.In systems where space and mass are constrained,such as the battery support structures in electric aircraft,conventional absorbers and isolators are insufficient for effective vibration control.This study simplifies the battery support structure of electric aircraft as an integrated composite beam consisting of three interconnected beams,and investigated its structural dynamics properties and nonlinear vibration control under thermal conditions caused by battery heat.The nonlinear vibration control is performed using the Nitinol steel wire ropes(Ni Ti-ST),with nonlinear damping properties.The natural frequencies of system are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique.Theoretical results are validated through both Finite Element Method(FEM)and hammer tests.Moreover,the dynamic equations are derived using the Lagrange method and discretized via the Galerkin Truncation Method(GTM).The Harmonic Balance Method(HBM)is used to evaluate the vibration responses of the integrated model,with further verification through the Runge-Kutta Method(RKM).The experiments are conducted to corroborate the theoretical analysis.The results show that the system frequency changes in stages with the increase of the stiffness of the integrated composite beam connection.Especially in the case of varying environments,as the temperature increases,the frequency of system will first increase to a certain maximum value and then gradually decrease.Furthermore,the NiTi-ST effectively reduces vibration in the integrated composite beam,particularly under varying temperatures and external excitations.展开更多
A comparative analysis was performed on poly(lactic acid)(PLA),poly(caprolactone)(PCL),basalt fiber(BF)composites produced using two distinct approaches:direct blending and masterbatching.The limitations of PLA-BF com...A comparative analysis was performed on poly(lactic acid)(PLA),poly(caprolactone)(PCL),basalt fiber(BF)composites produced using two distinct approaches:direct blending and masterbatching.The limitations of PLA-BF composites with regard to distribution and adhesion are well-documented,as are chemical treatment methods(addition of compatibilisers,surface treatments,silanization).This work aimed to study an industrially relevant potential solution of utilising a PCL-BF masterbatch,prepared as a 50/50 wt.%blend using planetary roller extrusion(PEX)to both improve the distribution and homogeneity of the fibers as well as provide a secondary adhesion site to facilitate improved mechanical properties of the final PLA-PCL-BF composite.The resultant materials were injection moulded to prepare ISO standard test specimens and tested on the basis of their physical properties via tensile testing,impact strength testing,flexural analysis,Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy and water absorption capability.The results displayed that the incorporation of PCL and BF led to an increase in ductility of the composite materials,allowing for improvements in the inherent brittleness of virgin PLA.Major increases in the impact strength were achieved with the utilisation of a 25% PCL/BF masterbatch,allowing for a greater than 50%increase.As an overall observation,the use of a masterbatching process,opposed to direct blending of the constituent materials allows for a greater consistency of composite to be achieved at the expense of increased gains.展开更多
This work addresses optimality aspects related to composite laminates having layers with different orientations.RegressionNeuralNetworks can model the mechanical behavior of these laminates,specifically the stressstra...This work addresses optimality aspects related to composite laminates having layers with different orientations.RegressionNeuralNetworks can model the mechanical behavior of these laminates,specifically the stressstrain relationship.If this model has strong generalization ability,it can be coupled with a metaheuristic algorithm–the PSO algorithm used in this article–to address an optimization problem(OP)related to the orientations of composite laminates.To solve OPs,this paper proposes an optimization framework(OFW)that connects the two components,the optimal solution search mechanism and the RNN model.The OFW has two modules:the search mechanism(Adaptive Hybrid Topology PSO)and the Prediction and Computation Module(PCM).The PCM undertakes all the activities concerning the OP at hand:the stress-strain model,constraints checking,and computation of the objective function.Two case studies about the layers’orientations of laminated specimens are conducted to validate the proposed framework.The specimens belong to“Off-axis oriented specimens”and are subjects of two OPs.The algorithms for AHTPSO and for the two PCMs(one for each problem)are proposed and implemented by MATLAB scripts and functions.Simulations are carried out for different initial conditions.The solutions demonstrated that the OFW is effective and has a highly acceptable computational complexity.The limitation of using the OFWis the generalization ability of the RNN model or any other regression models.To harness the RNN model efficiently,it must have a very good generalization power.If this condition ismet,the OFWcan be integrated into any design process to make optimal choices of the layers’orientations.展开更多
The TiB+TiC dual-reinforced B_(4)C/TC4 composite was in-situ fabricated via incorporating 0.5wt%B_(4)C reinforcement during the laser melting deposition process.Different heat treatments of annealing and solid solutio...The TiB+TiC dual-reinforced B_(4)C/TC4 composite was in-situ fabricated via incorporating 0.5wt%B_(4)C reinforcement during the laser melting deposition process.Different heat treatments of annealing and solid solution were used to regulate the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion properties of B_(4)C/TC4 composite.Results show that with the increase in temperature from 500℃to 800°C,partial lamellarα-Ti in the as-deposited sample is gradually transformed into equiaxedα-Ti,accompanied by the disappearance of basketweave microstructure.At 1100°C,a small portion of TiC phase suffers fusion.This composite exhibits the optimal combination of strength and plasticity after annealing at 500℃for 4 h followed by furnace cooling,which is attributed to the stress release effect and the refined basketweave microstructure.However,this composite shows a decline in corrosion resistance after various heat treatments due to grain coarsening and micro-galvanic corrosion.展开更多
In this study,using 3,5‑di(3′,5′‑dicarboxylphenyl)‑1H‑1,2,4‑triazole(H4L)as ligands,a gadolinia‑based organic framework complex{[GdNa(L)(H_(2)O)3]·2H_(2)O}_(n)(Gd‑Na‑MOF)was successfully designed and synthesize...In this study,using 3,5‑di(3′,5′‑dicarboxylphenyl)‑1H‑1,2,4‑triazole(H4L)as ligands,a gadolinia‑based organic framework complex{[GdNa(L)(H_(2)O)3]·2H_(2)O}_(n)(Gd‑Na‑MOF)was successfully designed and synthesized by hydrothermal method.The structure and properties were systematically characterized and tested by techniques such as single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and fluorescence spectroscopy.The results indicate that this complex has a unique 3D structure,excellent thermal stability,and outstanding luminescent performance.Based on its luminescent properties,a polymer‑embedding method was employed to fabricate the Gd‑Na‑MOF into a flexible,washable composite fluorescent film,Gd‑Na‑MOF@PMMA/BMA(PMMA=polymethyl methacrylate,BMA=butyl methacrylate).This fluorescent film exhibited highly sensitive recognition capability for tyramine,with a low detection limit of 1.66μmol·L^(-1).It was used for the detection of tyramine in bananas,with a recovery rate of 96.92%‑100.26%.CCDC:2466949.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Nos.51405199 and21301075)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Nos.BK20140551 and BK20140562)+4 种基金the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2014M561579)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.1401106C)the Opening Foundation of Jiangsu Province Material Tribology Key Laboratory(No.Kjsmcx201304)the Senior Intellectuals Fund of Jiangsu University(No.13JDG099)the Industry-Academy-Research Union Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BY2013065-05)
文摘In this study, S-doped NbSea （NbSo.aSel.8） powders were fabricated, and the corresponding Cu-based composites （Cu/NbSo.eSe1.8） were obtained by powder metallurgy technique. The phase compositions, physical, and tribological properties of Cu-based composites were investigated systematically. The results show that Cu matrix reacts with NbSo.2Sel.8 to produce Cu2Se and Cu0.38NbSo.2Se1.8 during sintering process, which influences the physical and tribological properties of Cu-based composites significantly. Specially, with NbS0.2Se1.8 content increasing, the density of Cu/ NbSo.2Se1.8 composites decreases, and the hardness increases firstly and then decreases, while the electric resistivity in- creases slightly. In addition, the incorporation of NbSo.2Se1.8 enhances the tribological properties of Cu greatly, which is attributed to the lubricating effect of Cuo,38NbSo.2Se1.8 and the reinforcement effect of Cu2Se. In particular, when the content of NbSo.2Sel.8 is 6 wt%, the Cu-based composite has the best tribological properties.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51401197)
文摘Cu and Nb powders were used as starting materials to produce Cu-Nb and Cu-NbC-WC composites by mechanical alloying.X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy observations and microhardness measurements have been used to study the effects of milling tools on the phase,microstructure and property of the composites.The results revealed that a single-phase nanocrystalline solid solution was obtained using stainless steel vials and balls(Alloy 1).Nevertheless,Cu-7 wt%Nb powders milled by tungsten carbon vials and balls exhibited an amorphous phase(Alloy 2).The as-milled powders were then vacuum hot-pressing sintered.The microstructure of sintered Alloy 1 consisted of Nb nanoparticles and Cu nanograins.Instead,Alloy 2 showed a microstructure with NbC nanoparticles and WC submicron-sized particles dispersed throughout the Cu matrix.Furthermore,Alloy 2(~322 HV)had a higher microhardness than Alloy 1(~302 HV).
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (No. 2013AA031104)
文摘The mechanical and tribological properties of Cu-based powder metallurgy （P/M） friction composites containing 10wt%-50wt% oxide-dispersion-strengthened （ODS） Cu reinforced with nano-Al2O3 were investigated. Additionally, the friction and wear behaviors as well as the wear mechanism of the Cu-based composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDS） elemental mapping. The results indicated that the Cu-based friction composite containing 30wt% ODS Cu exhibited the highest hardness and shear strength. The average and instantaneous friction coefficient curves of this sample, when operated in a high-speed train at a speed of 300 km/h, were similar to those of a commercial disc brake pad produced by Knorr-Bremse AG （Germany）. Additionally, the lowest linear wear loss of the obtained samples was （0.008 ± 0.001） mm per time per face, which is much lower than that of the Knorr-Bremse pad （（0.01 ± 0.001） mm）. The excellent performance of the developed pad is a consequence of the formation of a dense oxide composite layer and its close combination with the pad body.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20543,52071124)the Natural Science Foundation of the Hebei Province(No.E2021202135).
文摘Thermodynamically stable and ultra-thin “phase” at the interface, known as complexions, can significantly improve the mechanical properties of nanolayered composites. However, the effect of complexions features (e.g., crystalline orientation, crystalline structure and amorphous composition) on the plastic deformation remains inadequately investigated, and the correlation with the plastic transmission and mechanical response has not been fully established. Here, using atomistic simulations, we elucidate the different complexions-dominated plastic transmission and mechanical response. Complexions can alter the preferred slip system of dislocation nucleation, depending on the Schmid factor and interface structure. After nucleation, the dislocation density exhibits an inverse correlation with the stress magnitude, because the number of dislocations influences the initiation of plastic deformation and determines the stress release. For crystalline complexions with different structures and orientations, the ability of dislocation transmission is mainly dependent on the continuity of the slip system. The plastic transmission can easily proceed and exhibits relatively low flow stress when the slip system is well-aligned. In the case of amorphous complexions with different compositions, compositional variations impact the atomic percentage of shear transformation zones after loading, resulting in different magnitudes of plastic deformation. When smaller plastic deformation is produced, less stress can be released contributing to higher flow stress. These findings reveal the role of the complexions on plasticity behavior and provide valuable insights for the design of nanolayered composites.
基金Project (50874045) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects (200902472, 20080431021) supported by the China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject (10A044) supported by the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province of China
文摘Bulk Cu50Zr40Ti10 amorphous alloy composites reinforced with carbon nanotube （CNT） were successfully fabricated by hot pressing technique. Their density, thermal conductivity, and mechanical properties were systemically investigated. The density and the compression strength of the compacts both decrease with increasing CNT content. The thermal conductivity of the compacts decreases when the CNT content is less than 0.10% or exceeds 0.60% （mass fraction）, while increases when the CNT content is in the range of 0.1%-0.6%. The strain limit and the modulus of the compacts are obviously improved when the CNT content is less than 1.0% and then decrease significantly when the CNT content exceeds 1.00%. The optimum CNT addition is less than 0.20% at the comprehensive properties point of view.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293472,22473096 and 22471164)。
文摘Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.52325506)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB501)。
文摘Ultrasonic-Assisted Grinding(UAG)is a novel manufacturing technology that shows promising promise for use in processing Ceramic Matrix Composites(CMCs).Nevertheless,analyzing the material removal process of CMCs with multidirectional structure during UAG is challenging,impeding the progress and improvement of the UAG process.This work examined the impact of ultrasonic vibration on the dynamic mechanical characteristics during processing.Additionally,we experimentally elucidated the material removal mechanism of CMCs during the scratching process under the influence of vertical vibration.The results indicate that the introduction of ultrasonic vibration causes a strain rate effect,resulting in a modification of the material removal mechanism,subsequently impacting the processing quality.Ultrasonic vibration increases the dynamic strength and brittleness of the fibers in CMCs,leading to more cracks at fracture,which changes from the original bending fracture to shear fracture.In addition,ultrasonic vibration can effectively inhibit the impact of scratching depth and anisotropy on the removal mechanism of CMCs,resulting in a more uniform surface of CMCs after processing.
文摘A composite electrocatalyst,CoMoNiO-S/NF-110(NF is nickel foam),was synthesized through electrodeposition,followed by pyrolysis and then the vulcanization process.CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited a structure where Ni3S2 and Mo2S3 nanoparticles were integrated at the edges of Co3O4 nanosheets,creating a rich,heterogeneous interface that enhances the synergistic effects of each component.In an alkaline electrolyte,the synthesized CoMoNiO-S/NF-110 exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction(OER),achieving current densities of 100 and 200 mA·cm^(-2) with low overpotentials of 199.4 and 224.4 mV,respectively,outperforming RuO2 and several high-performance Mo and Ni-based catalysts.This excellent performance is attributed to the rich interface formed between the components and active sites exposed by the defect structure.
基金National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China(JCKY2020408B002,WDZC2022-12)Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(202102050201011,202202050201014)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(20210302124178,20210302123061,202103021224183)。
文摘A gradient structure was introduced into a metal laminated target plate,and the anti-penetration simulation of the gradient structure was compared with that of a uniform-layer-thickness target plate by finite element simulation.The analysis was verified by an impact experiment.Results show that the high-level thickness and appropriate percentage of Ti alloy at the upper side of the gradient structure provide greater impact resistance against the bullet,which increases the warhead breakage and enhances the anti-penetration performance.In addition,during the impact process,the stress is transmitted and reflected in the form of waves in each layer of the target plate,and the interaction between the compression and tension waves causes non-synergistic deformation of the target plate and leads to delamination.The gradient target plate takes penetration resistance a step further through the higher energy absorption rate and more consumption of the bullet kinetic energy.This research provides a theoretical basis for the application of gradient structures in metallic laminated armor.
基金Supported by the Autonomous Research Project of SKLCC(2024BWZ003)Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA0390401)the Doctoral Research Start-up Funding of Shanxi Institute of Technology(026012).
文摘KIT-5/Beta composite supports were synthesized using an in situ self-assembly hydrothermal method,and NiW/KIT-5/Beta catalysts were prepared by impregnation.A series of characterization techniques were utilized to evaluate the influence of varying hydrothermal synthesis temperatures on the physicochemical properties of both the KIT-5/Beta supports and the resulting catalysts.The catalytic performances of catalysts were evaluated under reaction conditions of 320℃,4 MPa H_(2)pressure,and a weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)of 4.8 h^(-1)for hydrodenitrogenation(HDN)of quinoline.The results indicated that the specific surface area and pore structure of the materials could be effectively regulated by adjusting the hydrothermal synthesis temperature,which in turn influenced the number of active sites on the catalyst.The NiW/KB-125 catalyst,synthesized at 125℃,presented the highest quinoline HDN efficiency(96.8%),which can be attributed to its favorable pore channel structure,greater Brønsted acid number,higher degree of metal sulfidation(80.12%)and appropriate metal-support interaction(MSI).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52272075,52472053)Research Fund of Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS,China(2021190)Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(JCKY2021130B007)。
文摘Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon aerogel(C/CA)composites are one of the most promising candidates for applications requiring both thermal insulation and load bearing capabilities.The preparation of anti-oxidation coatings on C/CA to address its susceptibility to oxidation is a feasible approach to promote its application in oxidative environments.However,the currently reported coatings on C/CA mainly focus on improving the ablation performance and coating preparation process typically necessitating high-temperature heat treatment.This procedure can increase its thermal conductivity and reduce its thermal insulation ability.In this study,a series of ceramic-resin coatings were fabricated on C/CA through a simple slurry brushing-drying approach at room temperature.The effects of phenolic resin content on the coating structure,residual stress,thermal shock,and oxidation behaviors were investigated.Due to the adhesive properties and curing-induced shrinkage,the PR-7.5 coating(containing 7.5%(in mass)phenolic resin in the slurry)exhibits bonding strength close to fracture strength of the substrate and residual compressive stress of 0.853 GPa,which is beneficial for resisting thermal shock cracking.However,excessive resin content(PR-10.0 containing 10.0%(in mass)phenolic resin in the slurry)induces tensile stress due to uneven curing shrinkage,thereby leading to thermal shock cracking.Meanwhile,oxidation tests reveal significantly reduced weight losses for PR-7.5(17.46%at 800℃/100 min,8.15%at 1000℃/120 min,3.15%at 1200℃/120 min)versus uncoated C/CA’s 44.60%loss at 800℃/20 min.This work provides a brand-new and simple approach to improving the anti-oxidation performance of C/CA and expands its application in mild oxidative environments.
文摘The poor electrical conductivity of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)limits their electrocatalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).In this study,a Py@Co-MOF composite material based on pyrene(Py)molecules and{[Co2(BINDI)(DMA)_(2)]·DMA}_(n)(Co-MOF,H4BINDI=N,N'-bis(5-isophthalic acid)naphthalenediimide,DMA=N,N-dimethylacetamide)was synthesized via a one-pot method,leveragingπ-πinteractions between pyrene and Co-MOF to modulate electrical conductivity.Results demonstrate that the Py@Co-MOF catalyst exhibited significantly enhanced OER performance compared to pure Co-MOF or pyrene-based electrodes,achieving an overpotential of 246 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm^(-2) along with excellent stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the formation of O*in the second step is the rate-determining step(RDS)during the OER process on Co-MOF,with an energy barrier of 0.85 eV due to the weak adsorption affinity of the OH*intermediate for Co sites.CCDC:2419276.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22208374)the Excellent Youth Scientist Award Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2024YQ009)+2 种基金the Distinguished Young Scholars of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22322814)CNPC Innovation Found(2022DQ02-0607)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.24CX07006A).
文摘Methanol steam reforming(MSR)represents a promising route for hydrogen production,leveraging the high energy density and liquid-phase storage advantages of methanol.Copper-based catalysts have become indispensable for MSR due to their cost-effectiveness,exceptional catalytic activity,and tunable selectivity.However,persistent challenges such as thermal sintering,undesirable CO byproduct formation,diminished low-temperature reactivity,and long-term catalyst deactivation limit their broad industrial deployment.This review comprehensively examines the mechanistic pathways of MSR over Cu-based catalysts,with particular focus on differentiating catalyst formulations optimized for high-temperature(>200°C)versus low-temperature(<200°C)operation.It highlights the decisive influence of Cu nanoparticle size,electronic structure,and crystal structure on catalytic performance.Cutting-edge design strategies,including multi-element engineering,innovative synthesis techniques,and deactivation mitigation,are critically evaluated to elucidate mechanistic connections between atomic-scale structure and catalytic performance enhancement.Finally,industrial applications of commercial Cu/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)variants and their scalability challenges are discussed,alongside prospective strategies for catalyst innovation and engineering to advance next-generation hydrogen production.
基金Research Start-Up Fund Project of Anhui Polytechnic University(S022023017)University Research Project of Anhui Province(2023AH050937)+1 种基金Anhui Polytechnic University Research Foundation for Introducing Talents(2022YQQ003)Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Chassis by Wire。
文摘Graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks demonstrate extensive application potential in military equipment thermal management,high-power electronic packaging,new energy vehicles,and 5G communication systems,due to their outstanding properties,including high thermal conductivity,tunable thermal expansion coefficients,excellent mechanical strength,and low density.However,the industrial-scale application of these composites faces critical challenges during the fabrication of components with complex structures,such as inhomogeneous dispersion of graphene within the copper matrix and poor interfacial bonding between the two phases,which substantially undermine the overall performance of graphene/copper-based composites.To address these issues,the preparation methods for graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks were reviewed.For each method,a rigorous analysis was presented to clarify its inherent advantages and unavoidable restrictions.Furthermore,the latest research progress in addressing three core scientific challenges was synthesized,including uniform dispersion of graphene,interfacial optimization mechanisms,and molecular dynamics simulations for elucidating the structure-property relationships.Finally,the future development directions of graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks in engineering applications were prospected.
基金Funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3806100)the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.52278269,52278268)+2 种基金the Tianjin Outstanding Young Scholars Science Fund Project(No.22JCJQJC00020)the Key Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(No.23JCZDJC00430)the Joint Research Center of China and Foreign Countries Special Fund of Tianjin Innovation Platform(No.24PTLYHZ00240)。
文摘We mixed Bacillus subtilis and brewing yeast to prepare composite microbial self-healing materials,and studied the self-healing effect of composite microorganisms in mortar cracks of different widths and cracking ages.The experimental results show that the performance and self-healing effect of composite micro-organisms are significantly better than those of single microorganisms.For cracks with widths of 0.2-0.4 mm,the repair effect of the composite microorganisms at 28 days is 42.7%and 71.2%higher than that of pure Bacillus and pure yeast,respectively.The repairing rate of the area with the widths of the cracks of 0.2-0.4,0.4-0.6,and 0.6-0.8 mm are 100%,77.3%,and 53.4%,respectively.The area repair rates corresponding to cracking ages of 56,90,and 180 days are 73.3%,55.4%,and 30.8%,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12272240)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program,China(No.XLYC2203197)。
文摘Traditional dynamic analysis of mechanical structures,often limited to individual beams or plates,fails to fully capture their dynamic behaviors.In systems where space and mass are constrained,such as the battery support structures in electric aircraft,conventional absorbers and isolators are insufficient for effective vibration control.This study simplifies the battery support structure of electric aircraft as an integrated composite beam consisting of three interconnected beams,and investigated its structural dynamics properties and nonlinear vibration control under thermal conditions caused by battery heat.The nonlinear vibration control is performed using the Nitinol steel wire ropes(Ni Ti-ST),with nonlinear damping properties.The natural frequencies of system are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique.Theoretical results are validated through both Finite Element Method(FEM)and hammer tests.Moreover,the dynamic equations are derived using the Lagrange method and discretized via the Galerkin Truncation Method(GTM).The Harmonic Balance Method(HBM)is used to evaluate the vibration responses of the integrated model,with further verification through the Runge-Kutta Method(RKM).The experiments are conducted to corroborate the theoretical analysis.The results show that the system frequency changes in stages with the increase of the stiffness of the integrated composite beam connection.Especially in the case of varying environments,as the temperature increases,the frequency of system will first increase to a certain maximum value and then gradually decrease.Furthermore,the NiTi-ST effectively reduces vibration in the integrated composite beam,particularly under varying temperatures and external excitations.
文摘A comparative analysis was performed on poly(lactic acid)(PLA),poly(caprolactone)(PCL),basalt fiber(BF)composites produced using two distinct approaches:direct blending and masterbatching.The limitations of PLA-BF composites with regard to distribution and adhesion are well-documented,as are chemical treatment methods(addition of compatibilisers,surface treatments,silanization).This work aimed to study an industrially relevant potential solution of utilising a PCL-BF masterbatch,prepared as a 50/50 wt.%blend using planetary roller extrusion(PEX)to both improve the distribution and homogeneity of the fibers as well as provide a secondary adhesion site to facilitate improved mechanical properties of the final PLA-PCL-BF composite.The resultant materials were injection moulded to prepare ISO standard test specimens and tested on the basis of their physical properties via tensile testing,impact strength testing,flexural analysis,Fourier transforminfrared spectroscopy and water absorption capability.The results displayed that the incorporation of PCL and BF led to an increase in ductility of the composite materials,allowing for improvements in the inherent brittleness of virgin PLA.Major increases in the impact strength were achieved with the utilisation of a 25% PCL/BF masterbatch,allowing for a greater than 50%increase.As an overall observation,the use of a masterbatching process,opposed to direct blending of the constituent materials allows for a greater consistency of composite to be achieved at the expense of increased gains.
基金supported by the Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitization,CNCS/CCCDI–UEFISCDI(Romania),Nr.11/2024,within PNCDI IV.The APC received no external funding.
文摘This work addresses optimality aspects related to composite laminates having layers with different orientations.RegressionNeuralNetworks can model the mechanical behavior of these laminates,specifically the stressstrain relationship.If this model has strong generalization ability,it can be coupled with a metaheuristic algorithm–the PSO algorithm used in this article–to address an optimization problem(OP)related to the orientations of composite laminates.To solve OPs,this paper proposes an optimization framework(OFW)that connects the two components,the optimal solution search mechanism and the RNN model.The OFW has two modules:the search mechanism(Adaptive Hybrid Topology PSO)and the Prediction and Computation Module(PCM).The PCM undertakes all the activities concerning the OP at hand:the stress-strain model,constraints checking,and computation of the objective function.Two case studies about the layers’orientations of laminated specimens are conducted to validate the proposed framework.The specimens belong to“Off-axis oriented specimens”and are subjects of two OPs.The algorithms for AHTPSO and for the two PCMs(one for each problem)are proposed and implemented by MATLAB scripts and functions.Simulations are carried out for different initial conditions.The solutions demonstrated that the OFW is effective and has a highly acceptable computational complexity.The limitation of using the OFWis the generalization ability of the RNN model or any other regression models.To harness the RNN model efficiently,it must have a very good generalization power.If this condition ismet,the OFWcan be integrated into any design process to make optimal choices of the layers’orientations.
基金Tianjin Municipal Natural Science Foundation(23JCYBJC00040)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52175369)。
文摘The TiB+TiC dual-reinforced B_(4)C/TC4 composite was in-situ fabricated via incorporating 0.5wt%B_(4)C reinforcement during the laser melting deposition process.Different heat treatments of annealing and solid solution were used to regulate the microstructure,mechanical properties,and corrosion properties of B_(4)C/TC4 composite.Results show that with the increase in temperature from 500℃to 800°C,partial lamellarα-Ti in the as-deposited sample is gradually transformed into equiaxedα-Ti,accompanied by the disappearance of basketweave microstructure.At 1100°C,a small portion of TiC phase suffers fusion.This composite exhibits the optimal combination of strength and plasticity after annealing at 500℃for 4 h followed by furnace cooling,which is attributed to the stress release effect and the refined basketweave microstructure.However,this composite shows a decline in corrosion resistance after various heat treatments due to grain coarsening and micro-galvanic corrosion.
文摘In this study,using 3,5‑di(3′,5′‑dicarboxylphenyl)‑1H‑1,2,4‑triazole(H4L)as ligands,a gadolinia‑based organic framework complex{[GdNa(L)(H_(2)O)3]·2H_(2)O}_(n)(Gd‑Na‑MOF)was successfully designed and synthesized by hydrothermal method.The structure and properties were systematically characterized and tested by techniques such as single‑crystal X‑ray diffraction,powder X‑ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,infrared spectroscopy,and fluorescence spectroscopy.The results indicate that this complex has a unique 3D structure,excellent thermal stability,and outstanding luminescent performance.Based on its luminescent properties,a polymer‑embedding method was employed to fabricate the Gd‑Na‑MOF into a flexible,washable composite fluorescent film,Gd‑Na‑MOF@PMMA/BMA(PMMA=polymethyl methacrylate,BMA=butyl methacrylate).This fluorescent film exhibited highly sensitive recognition capability for tyramine,with a low detection limit of 1.66μmol·L^(-1).It was used for the detection of tyramine in bananas,with a recovery rate of 96.92%‑100.26%.CCDC:2466949.
