It is already well known that availability of petroleum oil, as a world energy source, is running low. Much work has been done by experts to produce renewable energy, especially using vegetable oil as a raw material. ...It is already well known that availability of petroleum oil, as a world energy source, is running low. Much work has been done by experts to produce renewable energy, especially using vegetable oil as a raw material. Accordingly, this paper presents preparation and activity test of Cu catalyst using coconut shell activated carbon （AC） as a support, for conversion of n-pentanol and n-butanol to their alkenes as the first step of conversion of ethanol to biogasoline. This conversion is interesting due to any agriculture product containing sugar or starch can be converted to ethanol. Activated carbon was used as a catalyst support because this material is inert; hence, it would not yield unexpected side product, and pollution of environment with the used catalyst can be prevented because the used catalytic metal can easily be recovered. Results of the work showed that coconut shell carbon contained some metals, which disturbed in preparation catalyst by cation exchange process. Washing the carbon with ammonium acetate or HCI solution could reduce the metals content more compared to using water, with optimum concentration for ammonium acetate solution was 1.25 M. Application of Cu/AC in converting n-pentanol and n-butanol, based on qualitative analysis to the products using GLC, GC-MS, and FTIR, when n-pentanol and nitrogen gas were flowed into a reactor filled with Cu/AC catalyst, it could be converted to n-pentene with 200 ℃ as the optimal temperature. While when n-butanol and nitrogen gas were flowed into a reactor filled with more Cu/AC catalyst, the product was supposed to contain its aldehyde and butyl vinyl ether.展开更多
通过浸渍法制备了CuO/AC作为微波催化剂,并采用XRD、FT-IR进行表征分析。考察了CuO担载量,微波催化剂用量、微波功率、辐照时间、pH值等因素对苯酚废水去除率的影响。结果表明,在微波功率600 W条件下,使用3 g CuO担载量0.5%的CuO/AC催...通过浸渍法制备了CuO/AC作为微波催化剂,并采用XRD、FT-IR进行表征分析。考察了CuO担载量,微波催化剂用量、微波功率、辐照时间、pH值等因素对苯酚废水去除率的影响。结果表明,在微波功率600 W条件下,使用3 g CuO担载量0.5%的CuO/AC催化剂处理100 m L初始浓度为500 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水,反应18 min,去除率可达99.42%,相应TOC去除率为90.4%。通过添加不同氧化基团清除剂的实验发现,反应过程中产生了羟基自由基(·OH)。而添加大量H2O2或持续鼓入O2并不能有效提高苯酚的去除率。同时,还对微波催化氧化降解苯酚废水进行了动力学分析,发现其符合一级动力学方程模型,并得出表观速度常数随微波功率密度增加而增大的关系。展开更多
文摘It is already well known that availability of petroleum oil, as a world energy source, is running low. Much work has been done by experts to produce renewable energy, especially using vegetable oil as a raw material. Accordingly, this paper presents preparation and activity test of Cu catalyst using coconut shell activated carbon （AC） as a support, for conversion of n-pentanol and n-butanol to their alkenes as the first step of conversion of ethanol to biogasoline. This conversion is interesting due to any agriculture product containing sugar or starch can be converted to ethanol. Activated carbon was used as a catalyst support because this material is inert; hence, it would not yield unexpected side product, and pollution of environment with the used catalyst can be prevented because the used catalytic metal can easily be recovered. Results of the work showed that coconut shell carbon contained some metals, which disturbed in preparation catalyst by cation exchange process. Washing the carbon with ammonium acetate or HCI solution could reduce the metals content more compared to using water, with optimum concentration for ammonium acetate solution was 1.25 M. Application of Cu/AC in converting n-pentanol and n-butanol, based on qualitative analysis to the products using GLC, GC-MS, and FTIR, when n-pentanol and nitrogen gas were flowed into a reactor filled with Cu/AC catalyst, it could be converted to n-pentene with 200 ℃ as the optimal temperature. While when n-butanol and nitrogen gas were flowed into a reactor filled with more Cu/AC catalyst, the product was supposed to contain its aldehyde and butyl vinyl ether.
文摘通过浸渍法制备了CuO/AC作为微波催化剂,并采用XRD、FT-IR进行表征分析。考察了CuO担载量,微波催化剂用量、微波功率、辐照时间、pH值等因素对苯酚废水去除率的影响。结果表明,在微波功率600 W条件下,使用3 g CuO担载量0.5%的CuO/AC催化剂处理100 m L初始浓度为500 mg/L的苯酚模拟废水,反应18 min,去除率可达99.42%,相应TOC去除率为90.4%。通过添加不同氧化基团清除剂的实验发现,反应过程中产生了羟基自由基(·OH)。而添加大量H2O2或持续鼓入O2并不能有效提高苯酚的去除率。同时,还对微波催化氧化降解苯酚废水进行了动力学分析,发现其符合一级动力学方程模型,并得出表观速度常数随微波功率密度增加而增大的关系。
