To examine the sex differences in the crowing behavior of the Japanese quail, we investigated the effects of sex steroids on calling behaviors using female birds, and the data were compared with those obtained in our ...To examine the sex differences in the crowing behavior of the Japanese quail, we investigated the effects of sex steroids on calling behaviors using female birds, and the data were compared with those obtained in our previous study in male birds which was performed using the same experimental procedures as those in the present study. We injected the female quails daily from 11 to 41 days after hatching with testosterone propionate (TP), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT;a non-aromatizable androgen), estradiol benzoate (EB) or vehicle, and examined their calling behaviors in both sexual and non-sexual contexts. In a non-sexual context of the birds being isolated in a recording chamber, androgens, either TP or DHT, induced crowing in place of distress calling while EB simply inhibited distress calling. These effects of sex steroids on the calling behaviors were almost identical to those in the male quails. In a sexual context of the birds being left undisturbed in their home cages, crowing was induced by chronic treatment with TP, but not either DHT or EB, suggesting that both estrogenic and androgenic actions are required to induce the sexually motivated crowing. Although these results were basically the same as those in the male quails, the crowing in the female quails occurred much less frequently compared to that of the male quails. These data suggest that in the Japanese quail, crowing behavior, when it is restricted to sexually motivated one, is quantitatively different between male and female in the responsiveness to sex steroids.展开更多
目的:探讨全髋关节置换术的CroweⅢ-Ⅳ型发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者的满意度及造成不满意的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2018年3月行全髋关节置换术的169例CroweⅢ-Ⅳ型DDH患者,通过...目的:探讨全髋关节置换术的CroweⅢ-Ⅳ型发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者的满意度及造成不满意的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2018年3月行全髋关节置换术的169例CroweⅢ-Ⅳ型DDH患者,通过微信进行调查问卷,调查患者对手术总体满意度、10项日常功能满意度和患者认为对自己日常生活影响比较大的前5个问题。手术前后采用髋关节Harris评分进行功能评价。结果:收到完整调查问卷145份,所有患者获随访,时间1~5(3.23±1.22)年。145例患者分成两组,其中对手术疗效满意的118例,不满意的27例,手术总体满意率81.38%(118/145)。患者认为对生活影响比较大的前5个问题分别是术后髋部疼痛,肢体明显不等长、行走、上下楼梯、蹲起。两组术前Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不满意组术后Harris评分较低。术后髋关节疼痛、肢体不等长是影响手术不满意的直接因素。结论:采用全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅢ-Ⅳ型DDH患者手术难度大;术后髋关节疼痛(轻度以上),肢体不等长(>2 cm)是术后不满意的独立危险因素。展开更多
目的:分析和总结自体股骨头结构植骨重建髋臼辅助全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗改良Crowe TypeⅣB型成人髋关节发育不良性脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者的临床疗效。方法:按照改良Crowe分型,选...目的:分析和总结自体股骨头结构植骨重建髋臼辅助全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗改良Crowe TypeⅣB型成人髋关节发育不良性脱位(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者的临床疗效。方法:按照改良Crowe分型,选取山东大学齐鲁医院德州医院关节外科2015年8月至2023年3月收治的TypeⅣB型DDH患者26例,其中男25例,女1例,采用自体股骨头结构植骨重建髋臼辅助THA,记录患者手术时间、术中失血量、术中术后输血量、术后血红蛋白、手术相关并发症和骨愈合时间等,并行骨盆正位X线片了解假体位置、假体骨长入、假体松动以及骨愈合情况等,采用视觉模拟评分表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价髋关节的疼痛不适,采用髋关节Harris评分和Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)来评价髋关节功能及临床疗效。结果:所有患者的平均随访时间(9.73±8.35)个月,术中出血平均为(715.38±143.37) mL,术中平均输血(415.38±282.41) mL,手术时间平均为(118.62±18.27) min,术后平均输血为(192.31±236.51) mL。所有患者转子下骨端、自体股骨头和假臼之间均骨愈合良好。髋关节VAS评分从术前6.73±0.45,至术后末次随访时VAS评分1.73±0.53,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),髋关节活动度均较术前明显改善,髋关节Harris评分从术前24.27±1.66,至术后末次随访时Harris评分74.77±2.89,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),WOMAC术前术后评分分别为130.08±5.72和67.85±3.23,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论:自体股骨头结构植骨重建髋臼辅助THA治疗改良Crowe TypeⅣB型DDH,具有操作相对简单、固定牢固、手术相对安全和疗效确切的优点。展开更多
In petroleum engineering,real-time lithology identification is very important for reservoir evaluation,drilling decisions and petroleum geological exploration.A lithology identification method while drilling based on ...In petroleum engineering,real-time lithology identification is very important for reservoir evaluation,drilling decisions and petroleum geological exploration.A lithology identification method while drilling based on machine learning and mud logging data is studied in this paper.This method can effectively utilize downhole parameters collected in real-time during drilling,to identify lithology in real-time and provide a reference for optimization of drilling parameters.Given the imbalance of lithology samples,the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE)and Tomek link were used to balance the sample number of five lithologies.Meanwhile,this paper introduces Tent map,random opposition-based learning and dynamic perceived probability to the original crow search algorithm(CSA),and establishes an improved crow search algorithm(ICSA).In this paper,ICSA is used to optimize the hyperparameter combination of random forest(RF),extremely random trees(ET),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),and light gradient boosting machine(LGBM)models.In addition,this study combines the recognition advantages of the four models.The accuracy of lithology identification by the weighted average probability model reaches 0.877.The study of this paper realizes high-precision real-time lithology identification method,which can provide lithology reference for the drilling process.展开更多
目的:应用有限元分析研究CroweⅢ型发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)髋臼解剖重建与非解剖重建髋关节的生物力学为临床THA髋臼解剖重建提供理论基础和实验依据...目的:应用有限元分析研究CroweⅢ型发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)髋臼解剖重建与非解剖重建髋关节的生物力学为临床THA髋臼解剖重建提供理论基础和实验依据。方法:选取1例因左侧CroweⅢ型DDH伴终末期髋骨关节炎于2020年4月就诊并行左侧全髋关节置换的患者,女,57岁。术前、术后分别行骨盆CT平扫三维重建。在Mimics和3-Matic软件里建立14组髋臼杯不同前倾角、外展角、旋转中心高度模型并进行材料赋值,在Abaqus软件里设置边界和负载条件,计算并观察髋关节应力峰值和分布。结果:对于CroweⅢ型DDH全髋关节置换术,当旋转中心解剖重建,髋臼杯外展角设置为40°时,髋臼杯前倾角5°~25°变化时,髋臼杯、聚乙烯内衬最低Von Mises值出现在前倾角20°;当旋转中心解剖重建,髋臼杯前倾角设置为15°时,髋臼杯外展角30°~55°变化时,髋臼杯、聚乙烯内衬最低Von Mises值出现在外展角35°;当髋臼杯前倾角设置为15°、外展角设置为40°时,旋转中心上移0~20 mm变化时,髋臼杯、聚乙烯内衬最低Von Mises值出现在旋转中心上移10 mm。在所有14组髋臼杯参数模型中,旋转中心解剖重建,髋臼杯前倾角15°、外展角35°时,髋臼、髋臼杯、聚乙烯内衬Von Mises值最低。结论:在CroweⅢ型DDH全髋关节置换术中,建议解剖重建旋转中心,髋臼杯前倾角15°、外展角35°,同时进行髋臼外上方植骨并增加螺钉以进一步减少髋关节应力峰值。展开更多
The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services.While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to spec...The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services.While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary habits.The carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging behavior.Despite this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological adaptability.At present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely understood.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,China.Our findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion crows.Subsequently,E.faecalis isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica infection.Results showed that E.faecalis down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented S.enterica colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory capacity.Therefore,E.faecalis exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.展开更多
目的探讨生物型人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）中伴或不伴转子下短缩截骨治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）的临床特点差异。方法回顾分析2006年1月-2012年3月符合选择标准的2...目的探讨生物型人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）中伴或不伴转子下短缩截骨治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）的临床特点差异。方法回顾分析2006年1月-2012年3月符合选择标准的21例（21髋）CroweⅣ型DDH患者临床资料。患者均行THA,其中9例术中行转子下短缩截骨（截骨组）,12例未行截骨（未截骨组）。两组除术前双下肢长度差值差异有统计学意义（t=—3.170,P=0.005）外,患者性别、年龄、身体质量指数及术前Harris评分等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。记录并比较两组手术时间、失血量、术后引流量及并发症,并行影像学及临床疗效评估。结果截骨组患者手术时间、失血量及术后引流量均多于未截骨组（P〈0.05）。两组切口均Ⅰ期愈合;术后截骨组1例（1髋）出现一过性坐骨神经症状。患者均获随访,随访时间28-88个月,平均53个月。X线片复查示,截骨组截骨面均于3-6个月愈合;两组随访期间均无假体松动、脱位等发生。末次随访时,截骨组及未截骨组髋关节Harris评分分别为（90.67±4.06）、（92.17±3.27）分,组间比较差异无统计学意义（t=—0.938,P=0.360）。截骨组及未截骨组双下肢长度差值分别为（0.22±0.26）、（0.18±0.27）cm,组间比较差异无统计学意义（t=107.000,P=0.546）;截骨组6例、未截骨组5例存在下肢不等长。截骨组1例存在大腿部疼痛,未截骨组2例Trendelenburg征阳性。结论 THA治疗CroweⅣ型DDH可显著改善患者关节功能,恢复患肢长度。根据术前模板测量、下肢短缩程度和术中软组织牵拉程度情况选择是否行转子下短缩截骨术,可获得较好疗效。展开更多
目的探讨生物型人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）治疗CroweⅢ型成人髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH）的疗效。方法2013年9月-2015年9月,收治50例（51髋）CroweⅢ型DDH患者。男20例（20髋）,女30...目的探讨生物型人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）治疗CroweⅢ型成人髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH）的疗效。方法2013年9月-2015年9月,收治50例（51髋）CroweⅢ型DDH患者。男20例（20髋）,女30例（31髋）;年龄19~55岁,平均39岁。左髋34例、右髋15例,双髋1例。患者均伴明显跛行步态,患侧髋关节疼痛明显。临床症状出现至入院就诊时间为10~47个月,平均26个月。患髋＂4＂字征、Trendenleburg征均呈阳性,髋关节Harris评分为（38.9±7.1）分。单髋患者双下肢长度相差2.5~4.0 cm,平均3.3 cm。患者均采用生物型假体行THA,其中28例（28髋）行自体股骨头结构性植骨。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。2例（2髋）出现股神经牵拉麻木疼痛,7例（7髋）出现患肢肿胀,均对症处理后症状消失。50例均获随访,随访时间6~18个月,平均10个月。患者跛行步态均明显改善;4例（5髋）髋关节疼痛较术前明显缓解,46例（46髋）髋关节无疼痛。X线片复查示,髋关节外上方结构性植骨均在术后3~6个月达骨性愈合,平均5个月;随访期间假体均无松动、下沉;末次随访时单髋患者双下肢长度相差0~1 cm,平均0.4 cm,视为双下肢等长。末次随访,髋关节Harris评分为（91.2±2.8）分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（t=—79.77,P=0.00）。结论对于CroweⅢ型成人DDH患者,采用生物型THA治疗可获得较好疗效。展开更多
目的 探讨成人发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH）髋臼畸形程度与手术学习曲线对人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）臼杯安装位置的影响。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月-2015年12月收治的130例（14...目的 探讨成人发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH）髋臼畸形程度与手术学习曲线对人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）臼杯安装位置的影响。方法 回顾性分析2008年1月-2015年12月收治的130例（144髋）初次行THA的成人DDH患者临床资料。其中2012年之前收治53例（59髋）,之后收治77例（85髋）。男31例,女85例;年龄31~83岁,平均61岁。单髋置换116例,双髋置换14例。CroweⅠ型48髋,Ⅱ型57髋,Ⅲ/Ⅳ型39髋。所有患者于术后1周内复查骨盆标准前后位X线片,采用medi CAD软件测量髋臼假体前倾角、外展角,髋臼假体骨性覆盖率;计算髋臼实际旋转中心、理想旋转中心分别至泪滴连线的垂直距离之差（竖直距离）以及水平距离【请作者核对此句后对应修改英文】,评价臼杯位置合格率。结果 与2013年-2015年组同一类型患者相比,2008年-2012年组CroweⅠ型患者臼杯前倾角显著减小、臼杯位置合格率降低,Ⅱ型患者水平距离增大、臼杯位置合格率亦降低,Ⅲ/Ⅳ型患者臼杯前倾角减小、水平距离增大,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;其余指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。在CroweⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ/Ⅳ各型中,2008年-2012年组和2013年-2015年组竖直距离均随着髋臼畸形程度的增加而增加,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;其余指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 成人DDH患者初次行THA时,臼杯安装位置不良风险较高,需要术前仔细评估髋臼畸形特点,不断总结手术经验,提高臼杯安装准确度。展开更多
目的探讨初次人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗CroweⅣ型发育性髋关节发育不良(development dysplasia of the hip,DDH)的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2002年1月—2008年8月因CrownⅣ型DDH行初次THA且随访达13年的患者...目的探讨初次人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗CroweⅣ型发育性髋关节发育不良(development dysplasia of the hip,DDH)的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2002年1月—2008年8月因CrownⅣ型DDH行初次THA且随访达13年的患者临床资料,共42例(45髋)符合选择标准纳入研究。男13例,女29例;年龄18~65岁,平均43.5岁。单髋39例,双髋3例。术前髋关节Harris评分为(38.3±10.7)分。单侧置换患者双下肢长度差值为(50.52±24.51)mm。术中19髋联合股骨转子下短缩截骨术,截骨长度为15~35 mm,平均25 mm。记录患者髋关节Harris评分、主观满意度、假体生存率、并发症发生情况,以及相关影像学观测指标。结果患者均获随访,随访时间13.0~19.6年,平均15.0年。术后发生股神经损伤症状1髋、关节脱位2髋、假体周围骨折1髋、假体周围关节感染1髋;无其他并发症发生。末次随访时,髋关节Harris评分为(82.1±9.3)分,较术前改善(t=−21.885,P=0.000)。患者自评满意度:非常不满意3髋、较不满意1髋、一般4髋、较满意17髋、非常满意20髋。X线片复查显示,术后即刻患侧大转子高度为3.01~51.60 mm,平均23.22 mm;大转子下移量为3.95~98.06 mm,平均48.20 mm;患侧肢体延长长度为3.95~61.63 mm,平均34.92 mm;单侧置换患者双下肢长度差值为(12.61±8.56)mm,较术前缩短(t=11.721,P=0.000);患侧臼杯旋转中心与泪滴连线垂直距离为(14.65±6.16)mm,与健侧(15.60±4.99)mm比较,差异无统计学意义(t=−0.644,P=0.525);水平距离为(22.21±5.14)mm,与健侧(34.48±5.63)mm比较,差异有统计学意义(t=−12.973,P=0.000)。除1髋截骨不愈合外,其他患者截骨均愈合良好。随访期间所有假体近端多孔涂层部分均获得了稳定骨长入,无连续放射性透亮线或者放射性硬化线。以任何再手术、假体无菌性松动为终点事件,假体生存率分别为88.64%[95%CI(63.73%,96.82%)]、89.19%[95%CI(65.61%,96.94%)]。结论CroweⅣ型DDH患者初次THA治疗可获得满意远期疗效和假体生存率,必要时可联合股骨转子下短缩截骨术。展开更多
文摘To examine the sex differences in the crowing behavior of the Japanese quail, we investigated the effects of sex steroids on calling behaviors using female birds, and the data were compared with those obtained in our previous study in male birds which was performed using the same experimental procedures as those in the present study. We injected the female quails daily from 11 to 41 days after hatching with testosterone propionate (TP), 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT;a non-aromatizable androgen), estradiol benzoate (EB) or vehicle, and examined their calling behaviors in both sexual and non-sexual contexts. In a non-sexual context of the birds being isolated in a recording chamber, androgens, either TP or DHT, induced crowing in place of distress calling while EB simply inhibited distress calling. These effects of sex steroids on the calling behaviors were almost identical to those in the male quails. In a sexual context of the birds being left undisturbed in their home cages, crowing was induced by chronic treatment with TP, but not either DHT or EB, suggesting that both estrogenic and androgenic actions are required to induce the sexually motivated crowing. Although these results were basically the same as those in the male quails, the crowing in the female quails occurred much less frequently compared to that of the male quails. These data suggest that in the Japanese quail, crowing behavior, when it is restricted to sexually motivated one, is quantitatively different between male and female in the responsiveness to sex steroids.
文摘目的:探讨全髋关节置换术的CroweⅢ-Ⅳ型发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)患者的满意度及造成不满意的相关因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2018年3月行全髋关节置换术的169例CroweⅢ-Ⅳ型DDH患者,通过微信进行调查问卷,调查患者对手术总体满意度、10项日常功能满意度和患者认为对自己日常生活影响比较大的前5个问题。手术前后采用髋关节Harris评分进行功能评价。结果:收到完整调查问卷145份,所有患者获随访,时间1~5(3.23±1.22)年。145例患者分成两组,其中对手术疗效满意的118例,不满意的27例,手术总体满意率81.38%(118/145)。患者认为对生活影响比较大的前5个问题分别是术后髋部疼痛,肢体明显不等长、行走、上下楼梯、蹲起。两组术前Harris评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),不满意组术后Harris评分较低。术后髋关节疼痛、肢体不等长是影响手术不满意的直接因素。结论:采用全髋关节置换术治疗CroweⅢ-Ⅳ型DDH患者手术难度大;术后髋关节疼痛(轻度以上),肢体不等长(>2 cm)是术后不满意的独立危险因素。
基金supported by CNPC-CZU Innovation Alliancesupported by the Program of Polar Drilling Environmental Protection and Waste Treatment Technology (2022YFC2806403)。
文摘In petroleum engineering,real-time lithology identification is very important for reservoir evaluation,drilling decisions and petroleum geological exploration.A lithology identification method while drilling based on machine learning and mud logging data is studied in this paper.This method can effectively utilize downhole parameters collected in real-time during drilling,to identify lithology in real-time and provide a reference for optimization of drilling parameters.Given the imbalance of lithology samples,the synthetic minority over-sampling technique(SMOTE)and Tomek link were used to balance the sample number of five lithologies.Meanwhile,this paper introduces Tent map,random opposition-based learning and dynamic perceived probability to the original crow search algorithm(CSA),and establishes an improved crow search algorithm(ICSA).In this paper,ICSA is used to optimize the hyperparameter combination of random forest(RF),extremely random trees(ET),extreme gradient boosting(XGB),and light gradient boosting machine(LGBM)models.In addition,this study combines the recognition advantages of the four models.The accuracy of lithology identification by the weighted average probability model reaches 0.877.The study of this paper realizes high-precision real-time lithology identification method,which can provide lithology reference for the drilling process.
文摘目的:应用有限元分析研究CroweⅢ型发育性髋关节发育不良(developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH)全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)髋臼解剖重建与非解剖重建髋关节的生物力学为临床THA髋臼解剖重建提供理论基础和实验依据。方法:选取1例因左侧CroweⅢ型DDH伴终末期髋骨关节炎于2020年4月就诊并行左侧全髋关节置换的患者,女,57岁。术前、术后分别行骨盆CT平扫三维重建。在Mimics和3-Matic软件里建立14组髋臼杯不同前倾角、外展角、旋转中心高度模型并进行材料赋值,在Abaqus软件里设置边界和负载条件,计算并观察髋关节应力峰值和分布。结果:对于CroweⅢ型DDH全髋关节置换术,当旋转中心解剖重建,髋臼杯外展角设置为40°时,髋臼杯前倾角5°~25°变化时,髋臼杯、聚乙烯内衬最低Von Mises值出现在前倾角20°;当旋转中心解剖重建,髋臼杯前倾角设置为15°时,髋臼杯外展角30°~55°变化时,髋臼杯、聚乙烯内衬最低Von Mises值出现在外展角35°;当髋臼杯前倾角设置为15°、外展角设置为40°时,旋转中心上移0~20 mm变化时,髋臼杯、聚乙烯内衬最低Von Mises值出现在旋转中心上移10 mm。在所有14组髋臼杯参数模型中,旋转中心解剖重建,髋臼杯前倾角15°、外展角35°时,髋臼、髋臼杯、聚乙烯内衬Von Mises值最低。结论:在CroweⅢ型DDH全髋关节置换术中,建议解剖重建旋转中心,髋臼杯前倾角15°、外展角35°,同时进行髋臼外上方植骨并增加螺钉以进一步减少髋关节应力峰值。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2601602)Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090023)Beijing Wildlife Rescue Center,China。
文摘The gut microbiota significantly influences host physiology and provides essential ecosystem services.While diet can affect the composition of the gut microbiota,the gut microbiota can also help the host adapt to specific dietary habits.The carrion crow(Corvus corone),an urban facultative scavenger bird,hosts an abundance of pathogens due to its scavenging behavior.Despite this,carrion crows infrequently exhibit illness,a phenomenon related to their unique physiological adaptability.At present,however,the role of the gut microbiota remains incompletely understood.In this study,we performed a comparative analysis using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing technology to assess colonic content in carrion crows and 16 other bird species with different diets in Beijing,China.Our findings revealed that the dominant gut microbiota in carrion crows was primarily composed of Proteobacteria(75.51%)and Firmicutes(22.37%).Significant differences were observed in the relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis among groups,highlighting its potential as a biomarker of facultative scavenging behavior in carrion crows.Subsequently,E.faecalis isolated from carrion crows was transplanted into model mice to explore the protective effects of this bacterial community against Salmonella enterica infection.Results showed that E.faecalis down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interferon gamma(IFN-γ),and interleukin 6(IL-6),prevented S.enterica colonization,and regulated the composition of gut microbiota in mice,thereby modulating the host’s immune regulatory capacity.Therefore,E.faecalis exerts immunoregulatory and anti-pathogenic functions in carrion crows engaged in scavenging behavior,offering a representative case of how the gut microbiota contributes to the protection of hosts with specialized diets.
文摘目的探讨生物型人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）中伴或不伴转子下短缩截骨治疗CroweⅣ型髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip,DDH）的临床特点差异。方法回顾分析2006年1月-2012年3月符合选择标准的21例（21髋）CroweⅣ型DDH患者临床资料。患者均行THA,其中9例术中行转子下短缩截骨（截骨组）,12例未行截骨（未截骨组）。两组除术前双下肢长度差值差异有统计学意义（t=—3.170,P=0.005）外,患者性别、年龄、身体质量指数及术前Harris评分等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。记录并比较两组手术时间、失血量、术后引流量及并发症,并行影像学及临床疗效评估。结果截骨组患者手术时间、失血量及术后引流量均多于未截骨组（P〈0.05）。两组切口均Ⅰ期愈合;术后截骨组1例（1髋）出现一过性坐骨神经症状。患者均获随访,随访时间28-88个月,平均53个月。X线片复查示,截骨组截骨面均于3-6个月愈合;两组随访期间均无假体松动、脱位等发生。末次随访时,截骨组及未截骨组髋关节Harris评分分别为（90.67±4.06）、（92.17±3.27）分,组间比较差异无统计学意义（t=—0.938,P=0.360）。截骨组及未截骨组双下肢长度差值分别为（0.22±0.26）、（0.18±0.27）cm,组间比较差异无统计学意义（t=107.000,P=0.546）;截骨组6例、未截骨组5例存在下肢不等长。截骨组1例存在大腿部疼痛,未截骨组2例Trendelenburg征阳性。结论 THA治疗CroweⅣ型DDH可显著改善患者关节功能,恢复患肢长度。根据术前模板测量、下肢短缩程度和术中软组织牵拉程度情况选择是否行转子下短缩截骨术,可获得较好疗效。
文摘目的探讨生物型人工全髋关节置换术（total hip arthroplasty,THA）治疗CroweⅢ型成人髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of hip,DDH）的疗效。方法2013年9月-2015年9月,收治50例（51髋）CroweⅢ型DDH患者。男20例（20髋）,女30例（31髋）;年龄19~55岁,平均39岁。左髋34例、右髋15例,双髋1例。患者均伴明显跛行步态,患侧髋关节疼痛明显。临床症状出现至入院就诊时间为10~47个月,平均26个月。患髋＂4＂字征、Trendenleburg征均呈阳性,髋关节Harris评分为（38.9±7.1）分。单髋患者双下肢长度相差2.5~4.0 cm,平均3.3 cm。患者均采用生物型假体行THA,其中28例（28髋）行自体股骨头结构性植骨。结果术后患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合。2例（2髋）出现股神经牵拉麻木疼痛,7例（7髋）出现患肢肿胀,均对症处理后症状消失。50例均获随访,随访时间6~18个月,平均10个月。患者跛行步态均明显改善;4例（5髋）髋关节疼痛较术前明显缓解,46例（46髋）髋关节无疼痛。X线片复查示,髋关节外上方结构性植骨均在术后3~6个月达骨性愈合,平均5个月;随访期间假体均无松动、下沉;末次随访时单髋患者双下肢长度相差0~1 cm,平均0.4 cm,视为双下肢等长。末次随访,髋关节Harris评分为（91.2±2.8）分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义（t=—79.77,P=0.00）。结论对于CroweⅢ型成人DDH患者,采用生物型THA治疗可获得较好疗效。
文摘目的探讨初次人工全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗CroweⅣ型发育性髋关节发育不良(development dysplasia of the hip,DDH)的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析2002年1月—2008年8月因CrownⅣ型DDH行初次THA且随访达13年的患者临床资料,共42例(45髋)符合选择标准纳入研究。男13例,女29例;年龄18~65岁,平均43.5岁。单髋39例,双髋3例。术前髋关节Harris评分为(38.3±10.7)分。单侧置换患者双下肢长度差值为(50.52±24.51)mm。术中19髋联合股骨转子下短缩截骨术,截骨长度为15~35 mm,平均25 mm。记录患者髋关节Harris评分、主观满意度、假体生存率、并发症发生情况,以及相关影像学观测指标。结果患者均获随访,随访时间13.0~19.6年,平均15.0年。术后发生股神经损伤症状1髋、关节脱位2髋、假体周围骨折1髋、假体周围关节感染1髋;无其他并发症发生。末次随访时,髋关节Harris评分为(82.1±9.3)分,较术前改善(t=−21.885,P=0.000)。患者自评满意度:非常不满意3髋、较不满意1髋、一般4髋、较满意17髋、非常满意20髋。X线片复查显示,术后即刻患侧大转子高度为3.01~51.60 mm,平均23.22 mm;大转子下移量为3.95~98.06 mm,平均48.20 mm;患侧肢体延长长度为3.95~61.63 mm,平均34.92 mm;单侧置换患者双下肢长度差值为(12.61±8.56)mm,较术前缩短(t=11.721,P=0.000);患侧臼杯旋转中心与泪滴连线垂直距离为(14.65±6.16)mm,与健侧(15.60±4.99)mm比较,差异无统计学意义(t=−0.644,P=0.525);水平距离为(22.21±5.14)mm,与健侧(34.48±5.63)mm比较,差异有统计学意义(t=−12.973,P=0.000)。除1髋截骨不愈合外,其他患者截骨均愈合良好。随访期间所有假体近端多孔涂层部分均获得了稳定骨长入,无连续放射性透亮线或者放射性硬化线。以任何再手术、假体无菌性松动为终点事件,假体生存率分别为88.64%[95%CI(63.73%,96.82%)]、89.19%[95%CI(65.61%,96.94%)]。结论CroweⅣ型DDH患者初次THA治疗可获得满意远期疗效和假体生存率,必要时可联合股骨转子下短缩截骨术。
