BACKGROUND Transition is a critical period for adolescents as they begin to assume responsibility for their own health.Similarly,the shift from pediatric to adult healthcare represents a vulnerable phase,marked by uni...BACKGROUND Transition is a critical period for adolescents as they begin to assume responsibility for their own health.Similarly,the shift from pediatric to adult healthcare represents a vulnerable phase,marked by unique challenges in adolescent health care.Despite its importance,only a few studies have explored healthcare transition among adolescents in Uganda.AIM To identify factors associated with the transition to adult human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-centered care among adolescents attending HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda.METHODS A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted among 265 adolescents,randomly selected from three antiretroviral therapy(ART)clinics,using a structured questionnaire.Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted.Individuals aged 10-20 years who were actively enrolled in the ART program between January 4,2022 and January 30,2023 were recruited.The primary outcome of interest was the transition to adult care.Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed for quantitative data,while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.RESULTS The prevalence of transition to adult care was 40.6%.Most participants were male(53.6%)and fell within the 13-15 age group(35.6%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly associated with transition to adult care:Age group 10-12 years[prevalence ratio(PR)=2.525,95%CI:2.121-2.944,P=0.002],Age group 13-15 years(PR=1.900,95%CI:1.196-3.416,P=0.001),successful viral load suppression(PR=1.534,95%CI:1.173-1.648,P=0.016),disclosure of HIV status to relatives(PR=5.001,95%CI:3.411-3.611,P=0.000),being prepared for transitioning(PR=5.417,95%CI:3.468-7.135,P=0.041)and having skilled pediatric caregivers(PR=3.724,95%CI:2.084-4.105,P=0.005).CONCLUSION Transition to adult care among adolescents was low.Improving transition outcomes may require strengthening individual support within the family context and integrating transition-focused care into existing specialized clinical settings to enhance the delivery of adolescent-friendly services.展开更多
Rapid population aging has led to an increased focus on age-related conditions such as sarcopenia.causing loss of muscle mass and strength^([1,2]). Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes,including falls, funct...Rapid population aging has led to an increased focus on age-related conditions such as sarcopenia.causing loss of muscle mass and strength^([1,2]). Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes,including falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality, which can lower the quality of life and shorten lifespan^([1,2]).展开更多
Dear Editor,I am writing in response to the article“Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behavior motives:A cross-sectional study”by Alhojairi et al.published in the September 2024 issue of the International Jour...Dear Editor,I am writing in response to the article“Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behavior motives:A cross-sectional study”by Alhojairi et al.published in the September 2024 issue of the International Journal of Nursing Sciences[1].This is a letter written by a nurse with 10 years of clinical work experience and a personal interest in team dynamics.I appreciate the authors'recommendations on mitigating workplace silence among nurses to enhance clinical work development,and I believe their proposals could be expanded further.展开更多
Objective The scope of practice(SOP)of primary care physicians(PCPs)has been narrowing,with declining comprehensiveness leading to fragmented care.Identifying SOP-associated factors can help improve comprehensiveness....Objective The scope of practice(SOP)of primary care physicians(PCPs)has been narrowing,with declining comprehensiveness leading to fragmented care.Identifying SOP-associated factors can help improve comprehensiveness.This study aimed to describe the SOP of PCPs working in clinics and to identify SOP-associated factors.Design A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire.Setting Shizuoka,Japan.Participants PCPs working in clinics offering internal medicine.Main outcome measures The total number of services provided,covering 109 items,was categorised into 8 clinical areas,78 clinical activities and 23 procedures.Results Questionnaires were mailed to 1191 clinics,and 389 valid responses were included in the analysis.Of the 389 physicians,254(65.3%)were internal medicine specialists,and 382(98.2%)worked in their own private clinics.The mean number of services provided was 60.4±17.4.Clinical activities were provided less frequently in the areas of paediatric and adolescent care,women’s health,home healthcare,palliative care and mental health.Physician-related factors were more significantly associated with SOP than practice or environmental factors.Preference for broad practice was the strongest factor associated with a broader SOP,followed by completion of the Japan Medical Association(JMA)primary care training programme and rotational training experience.Additionally,younger physician age,rural practice experience,surgical specialisation,a larger number of physicians in the clinic,higher patient volume and a more rural setting were associated with broader SOP.Conclusion Physician preference regarding SOP,completion of the JMA primary care training programme and rotational training are key factors influencing SOP.These findings suggest that postgraduate clinical training with a broad scope not limited to internal medicine and continuing medical education after establishing a private clinic,particularly for physicians who prefer broad practice,may be important in expanding the SOP of PCPs.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the vision status and sociodemographic associations of visual acuity(VA)in an urban and rural population in a coastal province of southern China.METHODS:The Fujian Eye Study,a population-based cross-se...AIM:To evaluate the vision status and sociodemographic associations of visual acuity(VA)in an urban and rural population in a coastal province of southern China.METHODS:The Fujian Eye Study,a population-based cross-sectional study,was performed from May 2018 to October 2019.Totally 10044 participants over 50 years old from all nine cities in Fujian Province were enrolled,and underwent a questionnaire and a series of standard physical and ocular examinations.VA was measured by E Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart(GB 11533-1989).Data was double entered with Epi Data v3.1 for data collation and Stata/SE statistical software v15.1 was used to analyze the data.RESULTS:Totally 8211(81.8%)participants were finally included and were divided into urban populations(4678 subjects),rural populations(n=3533),coastal residents(n=6434),and inland residents(1777 subjects);4836 participants were female.The mean age was 64.39±8.87 y(median 64 y;range 50-98 y).The mean presenting VA was 0.61±0.30(0.23±0.27 log MAR),and the mean best correctedvisual acuity(BCVA)was 0.82±0.28(0.08±0.19 log MAR).In the multiple regression analysis,BCVA was significantly correlated with several socioeconomic and biologic factors,including age(P<0.001),education level(P<0.001),income(P=0.005),rural residency(P<0.001),inland residency(P=0.001)and refractive error(P<0.001),while sex(P=0.194)was independent with BCVA.CONCLUSION:Accessible services and eye health policies targeting the elderly,people with high myopia and people living in rural or inland areas are needed.展开更多
Hypertension is a big problem worldwide. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice about hypertension at Gulu University, Gulu city, Gulu district, Acholi subregion, Nor...Hypertension is a big problem worldwide. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice about hypertension at Gulu University, Gulu city, Gulu district, Acholi subregion, Northern Uganda. A literature search on hypertension was done. It showed that, in Uganda, a representative number of 17,777 adult patients’ data were analyzed from January 2014 to February 2024. The epidemiological data on awareness of hypertension was found to be at 8%. Of this, 18.3% of the people with hypertension had it under control. The results of the findings were promising. Hypertension is an important public health challenge in Uganda particularly in Northern Uganda where Gulu University falls. In comparison with the two regions of Central Uganda and Northern Uganda, there was a significant number of populations that were not aware of their condition. Those diagnosed were on treatment but the treatment was not adhered to due to stock outs of medicines. Therefore, Measures are required to prevent hypertension, improve awareness, treatment and control within the community, especially at Gulu University where research has never been done.展开更多
Contagious bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease of cattle and water buffalo, caused by the Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. It induces significant economic l...Contagious bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease of cattle and water buffalo, caused by the Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. It induces significant economic losses and leads to a severe livestock production problem, negatively influencing people’s livelihoods of affected countries. In Somalia, there is no updated data on the prevalence and distribution of the disease. Hence, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to June 2023 in different villages under the Afgoye District of lower Shabelle region, Somalia. The main purpose of this study is to assess the sero-prevalence and identify the associated risk factors for the occurrence of the disease. In this study, villages, age, sex, breed, and body condition were considered as risk factors. A total of 90 blood samples were collected and tested in the laboratory using the Anti-CBPP Elisa kit test. Out of 90 serum samples from herd cattle, 32 were positive, resulting in an overall prevalence of 35.5%. In addition, we found a statistically significant variation between the prevalence of the disease and factors such as sex, age, body condition and breeds. In summary, the overall prevalence of Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in this study area is worth to be considered because there is a low quality of health care and less awareness of the Contagious bovine Pleuropneumonia effects on herds, which warrants the official authorities to act and follow appropriate preventive and control measures to reduce the incidence of the disease and generate appropriate controlling and prevention measures in all regions of Somalia.展开更多
Objective Toinvestigate theepidemiological characteristics and morbidity trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP)in Shenzhen,China.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.Data were based on the Shenzh...Objective Toinvestigate theepidemiological characteristics and morbidity trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP)in Shenzhen,China.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.Data were based on the Shenzhen Birth Cohort.Pregnant women who gave birth from January 1,2018 to March 31,2023 were included.Incidence and change trends of HDP and its different pathological types were analyzed.The enrolled pregnant women were divided into the HDP group and the non-HDP group according to whether HDP occurred.General clinical data and pregnancy outcomes were collected from both groups.The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with different pathological types of HDP was analyzed,and subgroup analyses were performed based on age and body mass index(BMI).Results A total of 90117 pregnant women were enrolled,aged(31.6±4.4)years.There were 4117 cases in the HDP group and 86000 in the non-HDP group.The overall incidence of HDP in the whole study population was 4.57%(4117/90117).From 2018—2023,the incidence of HDP in Shenzhen showed an increasing trend year by year,from 2.88%(523/18155)to 7.04%(271/3851).Specifically,the incidence of gestational hypertension increased from 0.93%(168/18155)to3.09%(119/3851),the incidence of preeclampsia-eclampsia increased from 1.78%(323/18155)to3.17%(122/3851),the incidence of chronic hypertension increased from 0.01%(1/18155)to 0.42%(16/3851),and the incidence of chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia increased from 0.17%(31/18155)to 0.36%(14/3851).The age((32.8±4.8)years vs.(31.5±4.3)years,P<0.05)and BMI in the first trimester((23.37±3.77)kg/m^(2)vs.(21.35±2.91)kg/m^(2),P<0.05)of HDP group were higher than those of the non-HDP group.Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of HDP in pregnant women aged≥50.0 years was the highest in all age subgroups(42.86%(6/14)).The incidence of HDP in pregnant women with BMI≥30.0 kg/m^(2)in the first trimester was the highest among all BMI subgroups(20.44%(241/1179)).The proportions of preterm birth,gestational diabetes,fetal growth restriction,small for gestational age,placental abruption,and late abortion in HDP group were 30.82%(1269/4117),30.46%(1254/4117),6.80%(280/4117),4.86%(200/4117),3.59%(148/4117),and 0.80%(33/4117),respectively.Conclusion The incidence of HDP among pregnant women has been increased year by year in Shenzhen,China.With the increase in age and BMI during early pregnancy,the incidence of HDP shows an overall upward trend.展开更多
Objective To analyze the occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and related inflammatory indicators in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and explore the risk factors of ...Objective To analyze the occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and related inflammatory indicators in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and explore the risk factors of MAFLD.Methods This is a cross-sectional study.From January 2022 to October 2024,172 patients with sleep disorders were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,including 38 patients with non-OSAHS,53 patients with mild OSAHS,37 patients with moderate OSAHS,and 44 patients with severe OSAHS.The occurrence of MAFLD was comprehensively judged from three aspects:metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver(MAFL),elevated liver enzymes,and liver fibrosis.The situation of MAFLD and the level of related inflammatory markers were compared among the four groups.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for MAFLD in OSAHS.Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of MAFL,the percentage of elevated liver enzymes,and interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factoralpha levels among the four groups(P<0.05).The differences of fibrosis-4 index and C-reactive protein among the four groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Binary logistic regression showed that BMI,triglycerides,longest time of sleep apnea and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were the risk factors for MAFL(P<0.05).BMI,glucose,and apnea-hypopnea index were the risk factors for elevated liver enzymes(P<0.05).Conclusion OSAHS is strongly associated with MAFLD,and the involvement of OSAHS in the occurrence and development of MAFLD may be related to obesity,lipid metabolism disorders,insulin resistance,inflammatory responses,and intermittent hypoxia.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors(MGISTs)are a very rare type of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)and are usually observed in syndrome.AIM The paper aimed to describe the clinical and oncological ...BACKGROUND Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors(MGISTs)are a very rare type of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)and are usually observed in syndrome.AIM The paper aimed to describe the clinical and oncological features of MGISTs and to offer evidence for the diagnosis and treatment.METHODS Data of consecutive patients with MGISTs who were diagnosed at Peking University People’s Hospital(PKUPH)from 2008 to 2019 were retrospectively evaluated.Further,a literature search was conducted by retrieving data from PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane library databases from inception up to November 30,2019.RESULTS In all,12 patients were diagnosed with MGISTs at PKUPH,and 43 published records were ultimately included following the literature review.Combined analysis of the whole individual patient data showed that female(59.30%),young(14.45%),and syndromic GIST(63.95%)patients comprised a large proportion of the total patient population.Tumors were mainly located in the small intestine(58.92%),and both CD117 and CD34 were generally positive.After a mean 78.32-mo follow-up,the estimated median overall survival duration(11.5 years)was similar to single GISTs,but recurrence-free survival was relatively poorer.CONCLUSION The clinical and oncological features are potentially different between MGISTs and single GIST.Further studies are needed to explore appropriate surgical approach and adjuvant therapy.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the legacy and novel per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)exposure in women of reproductive age,and to explore the effects on female reproductive hormones.Methods:We used cross-sectional data ...Objective:To evaluate the legacy and novel per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)exposure in women of reproductive age,and to explore the effects on female reproductive hormones.Methods:We used cross-sectional data of 433 normal women of reproductive age from 2013 to 2015.Data of age,age at menarche,parity,BMI,education,and income were collected through questionnaires,serum samples were collected for reproductive hormones,and plasma samples for PFAS measurement by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer(UPLC-MS/MS).Multiple linear regression and quantile g-computation were adopted to analyze the association between PFAS and reproductive hormones.Results:The detection rates of 6:2 Cl-PFESA,8:2 Cl-PFESA and HFPO-DA in the plasma were 100%,99.8%and 99.9%,respectively.The median concentrations of these chemicals were 2.27 ng/mL,0.07 ng/mL and 0.03 ng/mL,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association between branched PFOS[1m-PFOS(β=0.131,95%CI:0.021,0.242),br-PFOS(β=0.119,95%CI:0.005,0.234)]and progesterone.In addition,mixed exposure model suggested that PFAS had a positive association with progesterone(β=0.549,95%CI:0.323,0.774).Conclusion:In this study,a mixed exposure model was used to evaluate the combined effects of PFAS mixtures,reflecting the association between multiple environmental PFAS exposure and reproductive hormones,and a higher concentration of novel PFAS was found in women of reproductive age,confirming that PFAS exposure may be related to reproductive hormone disorders in women of reproductive age.展开更多
This study empirically examines the influence of decision makers＇ （DMs） characteristics on risk analysis in strategic investment decisions （SIDs） of companies operating automotive industry in India. This study ha...This study empirically examines the influence of decision makers＇ （DMs） characteristics on risk analysis in strategic investment decisions （SIDs） of companies operating automotive industry in India. This study has developed and tested a structural model that linking select demographics, risk propensity and risk analysis in SIDs. The primary data were collected from Senior Finance Professionals （CFOs, GMs, VPs and so on） representing 36 listed automotive companies operating in India. Based on the responses collected from a single cross-sectional mailed survey, this study finds that risk propensity has a significant positive influence on the extent of usage of risk analysis in SIDs.展开更多
Introduction:The widespread adoption of integrase strand transfer inhibitors(INSTIs)has led to the emergence of INSTI-associated drug-resistance mutations.This cross-sectional study conducted a comprehensive national ...Introduction:The widespread adoption of integrase strand transfer inhibitors(INSTIs)has led to the emergence of INSTI-associated drug-resistance mutations.This cross-sectional study conducted a comprehensive national survey to investigate the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance(PDR)to INSTIs among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)individuals in China.展开更多
Background and Objectives:Mechanism studies have indicated that magnesium(Mg)and calcium(Ca)have important biological functions in glucose regulation,but epidemiological data on their associations with glycosyl ated h...Background and Objectives:Mechanism studies have indicated that magnesium(Mg)and calcium(Ca)have important biological functions in glucose regulation,but epidemiological data on their associations with glycosyl ated hemoglobin(HbA1c)are sparse.We aimed to explore the associations of Mg and Ca with abnormal HbA1c,and examine the mediating effects of inflammation in coronary artery disease(CAD)Chinese adults.Methods and Study Design:A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 11934 patients with CAD was conducted.Serum Mg and Ca concentrations were measured.Results:In multivariable analyses,Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inverse ly associated with abnormal HbA1c(Q4 vs Q1:ORMg:0.61,95%CIMg:0.53,0.71;ORMg/Ca ratio:0.67,95%CIMg/Ca ratio:0.54,0.84).However,null association of Ca with abnormal HbA1c was shown(Q4 vs Q1:OR:1.15,95%CI:0.92,1.44).Serum Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inversely associated with abnormal fasting blood glucose(FBG).In contrast,serum Ca was positively associated with abnormal FBG.Path analysis indicated that there were no mediating effects of hypersensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP)on Mg and Mg/Ca-abnormal HbA1c as sociations.Conclusions:Our study suggested that serum Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inversely associated with ab normal HbA1c in Chinese adults with CAD.The Mg-abnormal HbA1c relationship might not be mediated by hsCRP.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Transition is a critical period for adolescents as they begin to assume responsibility for their own health.Similarly,the shift from pediatric to adult healthcare represents a vulnerable phase,marked by unique challenges in adolescent health care.Despite its importance,only a few studies have explored healthcare transition among adolescents in Uganda.AIM To identify factors associated with the transition to adult human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-centered care among adolescents attending HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda.METHODS A cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted among 265 adolescents,randomly selected from three antiretroviral therapy(ART)clinics,using a structured questionnaire.Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were conducted.Individuals aged 10-20 years who were actively enrolled in the ART program between January 4,2022 and January 30,2023 were recruited.The primary outcome of interest was the transition to adult care.Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed for quantitative data,while content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.RESULTS The prevalence of transition to adult care was 40.6%.Most participants were male(53.6%)and fell within the 13-15 age group(35.6%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly associated with transition to adult care:Age group 10-12 years[prevalence ratio(PR)=2.525,95%CI:2.121-2.944,P=0.002],Age group 13-15 years(PR=1.900,95%CI:1.196-3.416,P=0.001),successful viral load suppression(PR=1.534,95%CI:1.173-1.648,P=0.016),disclosure of HIV status to relatives(PR=5.001,95%CI:3.411-3.611,P=0.000),being prepared for transitioning(PR=5.417,95%CI:3.468-7.135,P=0.041)and having skilled pediatric caregivers(PR=3.724,95%CI:2.084-4.105,P=0.005).CONCLUSION Transition to adult care among adolescents was low.Improving transition outcomes may require strengthening individual support within the family context and integrating transition-focused care into existing specialized clinical settings to enhance the delivery of adolescent-friendly services.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education Chunhui Program Collaborative Scientific Research Projects(Grant No.:HZKY20220286)Henan Province Foreign Experts Introduction Program(Grant No.:HNGD2022021)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.:23230042151)the Foundation of the National Key Program of Research and Development of China(Grant No.:2016YFC0900803)。
文摘Rapid population aging has led to an increased focus on age-related conditions such as sarcopenia.causing loss of muscle mass and strength^([1,2]). Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes,including falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality, which can lower the quality of life and shorten lifespan^([1,2]).
文摘Dear Editor,I am writing in response to the article“Assessment of nurses’workplace silence behavior motives:A cross-sectional study”by Alhojairi et al.published in the September 2024 issue of the International Journal of Nursing Sciences[1].This is a letter written by a nurse with 10 years of clinical work experience and a personal interest in team dynamics.I appreciate the authors'recommendations on mitigating workplace silence among nurses to enhance clinical work development,and I believe their proposals could be expanded further.
文摘Objective The scope of practice(SOP)of primary care physicians(PCPs)has been narrowing,with declining comprehensiveness leading to fragmented care.Identifying SOP-associated factors can help improve comprehensiveness.This study aimed to describe the SOP of PCPs working in clinics and to identify SOP-associated factors.Design A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire.Setting Shizuoka,Japan.Participants PCPs working in clinics offering internal medicine.Main outcome measures The total number of services provided,covering 109 items,was categorised into 8 clinical areas,78 clinical activities and 23 procedures.Results Questionnaires were mailed to 1191 clinics,and 389 valid responses were included in the analysis.Of the 389 physicians,254(65.3%)were internal medicine specialists,and 382(98.2%)worked in their own private clinics.The mean number of services provided was 60.4±17.4.Clinical activities were provided less frequently in the areas of paediatric and adolescent care,women’s health,home healthcare,palliative care and mental health.Physician-related factors were more significantly associated with SOP than practice or environmental factors.Preference for broad practice was the strongest factor associated with a broader SOP,followed by completion of the Japan Medical Association(JMA)primary care training programme and rotational training experience.Additionally,younger physician age,rural practice experience,surgical specialisation,a larger number of physicians in the clinic,higher patient volume and a more rural setting were associated with broader SOP.Conclusion Physician preference regarding SOP,completion of the JMA primary care training programme and rotational training are key factors influencing SOP.These findings suggest that postgraduate clinical training with a broad scope not limited to internal medicine and continuing medical education after establishing a private clinic,particularly for physicians who prefer broad practice,may be important in expanding the SOP of PCPs.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81870672)National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund(No.81900881)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Youth Innovation Program of Fujian Province(No.2019D007No.2020D028)Xiamen Key Medical and Health Project(No.3502Z20191101)Medical and Healthcare Guiding Program of Xiamen City(No.3502Z20189018)Xiamen Science and Technology Planning Project(No.3502Z20184023)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the vision status and sociodemographic associations of visual acuity(VA)in an urban and rural population in a coastal province of southern China.METHODS:The Fujian Eye Study,a population-based cross-sectional study,was performed from May 2018 to October 2019.Totally 10044 participants over 50 years old from all nine cities in Fujian Province were enrolled,and underwent a questionnaire and a series of standard physical and ocular examinations.VA was measured by E Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart(GB 11533-1989).Data was double entered with Epi Data v3.1 for data collation and Stata/SE statistical software v15.1 was used to analyze the data.RESULTS:Totally 8211(81.8%)participants were finally included and were divided into urban populations(4678 subjects),rural populations(n=3533),coastal residents(n=6434),and inland residents(1777 subjects);4836 participants were female.The mean age was 64.39±8.87 y(median 64 y;range 50-98 y).The mean presenting VA was 0.61±0.30(0.23±0.27 log MAR),and the mean best correctedvisual acuity(BCVA)was 0.82±0.28(0.08±0.19 log MAR).In the multiple regression analysis,BCVA was significantly correlated with several socioeconomic and biologic factors,including age(P<0.001),education level(P<0.001),income(P=0.005),rural residency(P<0.001),inland residency(P=0.001)and refractive error(P<0.001),while sex(P=0.194)was independent with BCVA.CONCLUSION:Accessible services and eye health policies targeting the elderly,people with high myopia and people living in rural or inland areas are needed.
文摘Hypertension is a big problem worldwide. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice about hypertension at Gulu University, Gulu city, Gulu district, Acholi subregion, Northern Uganda. A literature search on hypertension was done. It showed that, in Uganda, a representative number of 17,777 adult patients’ data were analyzed from January 2014 to February 2024. The epidemiological data on awareness of hypertension was found to be at 8%. Of this, 18.3% of the people with hypertension had it under control. The results of the findings were promising. Hypertension is an important public health challenge in Uganda particularly in Northern Uganda where Gulu University falls. In comparison with the two regions of Central Uganda and Northern Uganda, there was a significant number of populations that were not aware of their condition. Those diagnosed were on treatment but the treatment was not adhered to due to stock outs of medicines. Therefore, Measures are required to prevent hypertension, improve awareness, treatment and control within the community, especially at Gulu University where research has never been done.
文摘Contagious bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease of cattle and water buffalo, caused by the Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. It induces significant economic losses and leads to a severe livestock production problem, negatively influencing people’s livelihoods of affected countries. In Somalia, there is no updated data on the prevalence and distribution of the disease. Hence, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to June 2023 in different villages under the Afgoye District of lower Shabelle region, Somalia. The main purpose of this study is to assess the sero-prevalence and identify the associated risk factors for the occurrence of the disease. In this study, villages, age, sex, breed, and body condition were considered as risk factors. A total of 90 blood samples were collected and tested in the laboratory using the Anti-CBPP Elisa kit test. Out of 90 serum samples from herd cattle, 32 were positive, resulting in an overall prevalence of 35.5%. In addition, we found a statistically significant variation between the prevalence of the disease and factors such as sex, age, body condition and breeds. In summary, the overall prevalence of Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in this study area is worth to be considered because there is a low quality of health care and less awareness of the Contagious bovine Pleuropneumonia effects on herds, which warrants the official authorities to act and follow appropriate preventive and control measures to reduce the incidence of the disease and generate appropriate controlling and prevention measures in all regions of Somalia.
文摘Objective Toinvestigate theepidemiological characteristics and morbidity trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy(HDP)in Shenzhen,China.Methods This study was a cross-sectional study.Data were based on the Shenzhen Birth Cohort.Pregnant women who gave birth from January 1,2018 to March 31,2023 were included.Incidence and change trends of HDP and its different pathological types were analyzed.The enrolled pregnant women were divided into the HDP group and the non-HDP group according to whether HDP occurred.General clinical data and pregnancy outcomes were collected from both groups.The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with different pathological types of HDP was analyzed,and subgroup analyses were performed based on age and body mass index(BMI).Results A total of 90117 pregnant women were enrolled,aged(31.6±4.4)years.There were 4117 cases in the HDP group and 86000 in the non-HDP group.The overall incidence of HDP in the whole study population was 4.57%(4117/90117).From 2018—2023,the incidence of HDP in Shenzhen showed an increasing trend year by year,from 2.88%(523/18155)to 7.04%(271/3851).Specifically,the incidence of gestational hypertension increased from 0.93%(168/18155)to3.09%(119/3851),the incidence of preeclampsia-eclampsia increased from 1.78%(323/18155)to3.17%(122/3851),the incidence of chronic hypertension increased from 0.01%(1/18155)to 0.42%(16/3851),and the incidence of chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia increased from 0.17%(31/18155)to 0.36%(14/3851).The age((32.8±4.8)years vs.(31.5±4.3)years,P<0.05)and BMI in the first trimester((23.37±3.77)kg/m^(2)vs.(21.35±2.91)kg/m^(2),P<0.05)of HDP group were higher than those of the non-HDP group.Subgroup analysis showed that the incidence of HDP in pregnant women aged≥50.0 years was the highest in all age subgroups(42.86%(6/14)).The incidence of HDP in pregnant women with BMI≥30.0 kg/m^(2)in the first trimester was the highest among all BMI subgroups(20.44%(241/1179)).The proportions of preterm birth,gestational diabetes,fetal growth restriction,small for gestational age,placental abruption,and late abortion in HDP group were 30.82%(1269/4117),30.46%(1254/4117),6.80%(280/4117),4.86%(200/4117),3.59%(148/4117),and 0.80%(33/4117),respectively.Conclusion The incidence of HDP among pregnant women has been increased year by year in Shenzhen,China.With the increase in age and BMI during early pregnancy,the incidence of HDP shows an overall upward trend.
文摘Objective To analyze the occurrence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)and related inflammatory indicators in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and explore the risk factors of MAFLD.Methods This is a cross-sectional study.From January 2022 to October 2024,172 patients with sleep disorders were enrolled in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,including 38 patients with non-OSAHS,53 patients with mild OSAHS,37 patients with moderate OSAHS,and 44 patients with severe OSAHS.The occurrence of MAFLD was comprehensively judged from three aspects:metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver(MAFL),elevated liver enzymes,and liver fibrosis.The situation of MAFLD and the level of related inflammatory markers were compared among the four groups.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for MAFLD in OSAHS.Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of MAFL,the percentage of elevated liver enzymes,and interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factoralpha levels among the four groups(P<0.05).The differences of fibrosis-4 index and C-reactive protein among the four groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Binary logistic regression showed that BMI,triglycerides,longest time of sleep apnea and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were the risk factors for MAFL(P<0.05).BMI,glucose,and apnea-hypopnea index were the risk factors for elevated liver enzymes(P<0.05).Conclusion OSAHS is strongly associated with MAFLD,and the involvement of OSAHS in the occurrence and development of MAFLD may be related to obesity,lipid metabolism disorders,insulin resistance,inflammatory responses,and intermittent hypoxia.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors(MGISTs)are a very rare type of gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)and are usually observed in syndrome.AIM The paper aimed to describe the clinical and oncological features of MGISTs and to offer evidence for the diagnosis and treatment.METHODS Data of consecutive patients with MGISTs who were diagnosed at Peking University People’s Hospital(PKUPH)from 2008 to 2019 were retrospectively evaluated.Further,a literature search was conducted by retrieving data from PubMed,EMBASE,and the Cochrane library databases from inception up to November 30,2019.RESULTS In all,12 patients were diagnosed with MGISTs at PKUPH,and 43 published records were ultimately included following the literature review.Combined analysis of the whole individual patient data showed that female(59.30%),young(14.45%),and syndromic GIST(63.95%)patients comprised a large proportion of the total patient population.Tumors were mainly located in the small intestine(58.92%),and both CD117 and CD34 were generally positive.After a mean 78.32-mo follow-up,the estimated median overall survival duration(11.5 years)was similar to single GISTs,but recurrence-free survival was relatively poorer.CONCLUSION The clinical and oncological features are potentially different between MGISTs and single GIST.Further studies are needed to explore appropriate surgical approach and adjuvant therapy.
基金Hainan Clinical Medical Center Construction Project(Qiongwei Yihan[2021]No.75)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the legacy and novel per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)exposure in women of reproductive age,and to explore the effects on female reproductive hormones.Methods:We used cross-sectional data of 433 normal women of reproductive age from 2013 to 2015.Data of age,age at menarche,parity,BMI,education,and income were collected through questionnaires,serum samples were collected for reproductive hormones,and plasma samples for PFAS measurement by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer(UPLC-MS/MS).Multiple linear regression and quantile g-computation were adopted to analyze the association between PFAS and reproductive hormones.Results:The detection rates of 6:2 Cl-PFESA,8:2 Cl-PFESA and HFPO-DA in the plasma were 100%,99.8%and 99.9%,respectively.The median concentrations of these chemicals were 2.27 ng/mL,0.07 ng/mL and 0.03 ng/mL,respectively.Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association between branched PFOS[1m-PFOS(β=0.131,95%CI:0.021,0.242),br-PFOS(β=0.119,95%CI:0.005,0.234)]and progesterone.In addition,mixed exposure model suggested that PFAS had a positive association with progesterone(β=0.549,95%CI:0.323,0.774).Conclusion:In this study,a mixed exposure model was used to evaluate the combined effects of PFAS mixtures,reflecting the association between multiple environmental PFAS exposure and reproductive hormones,and a higher concentration of novel PFAS was found in women of reproductive age,confirming that PFAS exposure may be related to reproductive hormone disorders in women of reproductive age.
文摘This study empirically examines the influence of decision makers＇ （DMs） characteristics on risk analysis in strategic investment decisions （SIDs） of companies operating automotive industry in India. This study has developed and tested a structural model that linking select demographics, risk propensity and risk analysis in SIDs. The primary data were collected from Senior Finance Professionals （CFOs, GMs, VPs and so on） representing 36 listed automotive companies operating in India. Based on the responses collected from a single cross-sectional mailed survey, this study finds that risk propensity has a significant positive influence on the extent of usage of risk analysis in SIDs.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFC2305201).
文摘Introduction:The widespread adoption of integrase strand transfer inhibitors(INSTIs)has led to the emergence of INSTI-associated drug-resistance mutations.This cross-sectional study conducted a comprehensive national survey to investigate the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance(PDR)to INSTIs among newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)individuals in China.
基金supported by the Talent Project of Nan tong Maternal and Child Health Hospital(No.YYR202005).
文摘Background and Objectives:Mechanism studies have indicated that magnesium(Mg)and calcium(Ca)have important biological functions in glucose regulation,but epidemiological data on their associations with glycosyl ated hemoglobin(HbA1c)are sparse.We aimed to explore the associations of Mg and Ca with abnormal HbA1c,and examine the mediating effects of inflammation in coronary artery disease(CAD)Chinese adults.Methods and Study Design:A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 11934 patients with CAD was conducted.Serum Mg and Ca concentrations were measured.Results:In multivariable analyses,Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inverse ly associated with abnormal HbA1c(Q4 vs Q1:ORMg:0.61,95%CIMg:0.53,0.71;ORMg/Ca ratio:0.67,95%CIMg/Ca ratio:0.54,0.84).However,null association of Ca with abnormal HbA1c was shown(Q4 vs Q1:OR:1.15,95%CI:0.92,1.44).Serum Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inversely associated with abnormal fasting blood glucose(FBG).In contrast,serum Ca was positively associated with abnormal FBG.Path analysis indicated that there were no mediating effects of hypersensitivity C reactive protein(hsCRP)on Mg and Mg/Ca-abnormal HbA1c as sociations.Conclusions:Our study suggested that serum Mg and Mg/Ca ratio were inversely associated with ab normal HbA1c in Chinese adults with CAD.The Mg-abnormal HbA1c relationship might not be mediated by hsCRP.
