In oral health care, the spread of harmful infectious agents from the oral cavity is a constant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-contamination between patients due to the backflo...In oral health care, the spread of harmful infectious agents from the oral cavity is a constant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-contamination between patients due to the backflow of biological fluids and contaminated aerosols into the water tubes of rotating instruments (high-speed turbines). A second aim was to assess the dispersion of the aerosols generated in the medical environment and the risk of contamination for the dentist. Materials and methods: For safety reasons, we carried out an experimental study on two sheep heads purchased from a butcher to simulate periodontal treatment in the two oral cavities. The first cavity was artificially contaminated with the reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus to assess the transfer of this bacteria from one cavity to the other through the waterlines of the high-speed turbine used. Results: The study revealed a worrying risk of cross-contamination from contaminated aerosols flowing back through the dental turbine into the dental unit waterlines (33.33%) [p S. aureus and total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) were dispersed at varying distances from the oral cavity. In particular, the highest contamination levels were found within 0.3 m of the patient for S. aureus (M = 43.66, SD = 1) and THB (M = 45.59, SD = 5), with contamination levels decreasing at a distance of 1.5 m, respectively (M = 5.63, SD = 3.61;M = 8.09, SD = 7.01) [p ≤ 0.05]. Conclusions: Procedures should be implemented to limit the risk of cross-contamination during dental treatment. This can be achieved by strict adherence to hygiene and asepsis measures in the dental unit and medical devices, compliance with regulatory standards (e.g., ISO 15883 1-2), and the installation of anti-retraction valves in dental turbines, dental chair unit and suction systems to prevent backflow of contaminated biological fluids and aerosols.展开更多
Objective To study how to ensure the quality of listed drugs by using quality risk management to control the risks in the drug collinear production because some pharmaceutical companies produce drugs with multiple dos...Objective To study how to ensure the quality of listed drugs by using quality risk management to control the risks in the drug collinear production because some pharmaceutical companies produce drugs with multiple dosage forms and specifications on the same line to save costs in China.Methods The application status of quality risk management in the production of drugs was analyzed by consulting literature,field investigation and research re-lated policies.Results and Conclusion When introducing co-line products,we should focus on combining prod-uct reality,establish a cross-professional team in comprehensive quality,R&D,equipment,and production.Then we can coordinate quality risk management to integrate with each other to avoid“shortcomings”in different links,which will affect the effectiveness of risk management.When a company conducts co-line production,it should rely on quality risk management theories to establish a scientific quality management system,reasonably use qual-ity risk assessment tools to evaluate the types of co-line production,and control key risk factors effectively.These methods can ensure the risk of co-production within an acceptable range.展开更多
文摘In oral health care, the spread of harmful infectious agents from the oral cavity is a constant concern. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of cross-contamination between patients due to the backflow of biological fluids and contaminated aerosols into the water tubes of rotating instruments (high-speed turbines). A second aim was to assess the dispersion of the aerosols generated in the medical environment and the risk of contamination for the dentist. Materials and methods: For safety reasons, we carried out an experimental study on two sheep heads purchased from a butcher to simulate periodontal treatment in the two oral cavities. The first cavity was artificially contaminated with the reference strain of Staphylococcus aureus to assess the transfer of this bacteria from one cavity to the other through the waterlines of the high-speed turbine used. Results: The study revealed a worrying risk of cross-contamination from contaminated aerosols flowing back through the dental turbine into the dental unit waterlines (33.33%) [p S. aureus and total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) were dispersed at varying distances from the oral cavity. In particular, the highest contamination levels were found within 0.3 m of the patient for S. aureus (M = 43.66, SD = 1) and THB (M = 45.59, SD = 5), with contamination levels decreasing at a distance of 1.5 m, respectively (M = 5.63, SD = 3.61;M = 8.09, SD = 7.01) [p ≤ 0.05]. Conclusions: Procedures should be implemented to limit the risk of cross-contamination during dental treatment. This can be achieved by strict adherence to hygiene and asepsis measures in the dental unit and medical devices, compliance with regulatory standards (e.g., ISO 15883 1-2), and the installation of anti-retraction valves in dental turbines, dental chair unit and suction systems to prevent backflow of contaminated biological fluids and aerosols.
文摘Objective To study how to ensure the quality of listed drugs by using quality risk management to control the risks in the drug collinear production because some pharmaceutical companies produce drugs with multiple dosage forms and specifications on the same line to save costs in China.Methods The application status of quality risk management in the production of drugs was analyzed by consulting literature,field investigation and research re-lated policies.Results and Conclusion When introducing co-line products,we should focus on combining prod-uct reality,establish a cross-professional team in comprehensive quality,R&D,equipment,and production.Then we can coordinate quality risk management to integrate with each other to avoid“shortcomings”in different links,which will affect the effectiveness of risk management.When a company conducts co-line production,it should rely on quality risk management theories to establish a scientific quality management system,reasonably use qual-ity risk assessment tools to evaluate the types of co-line production,and control key risk factors effectively.These methods can ensure the risk of co-production within an acceptable range.
