Online platforms play a critical intermediary role in the generation and dissemination of deepfake content and should accordingly bear criminal liability commensurate with their status.However,China’s current legal f...Online platforms play a critical intermediary role in the generation and dissemination of deepfake content and should accordingly bear criminal liability commensurate with their status.However,China’s current legal framework faces practical obstacles in defining platform criminal liability,including ambiguity in the delineation of duties,difficulties in establishing the“knowledge”standard,and procedural asymmetry in accountability mechanisms—factors which severely undermine the effectiveness of criminal law governance.To address these challenges,the normative construction of platform criminal liability must be grounded in the theoretical foundation of legal interests protected by criminal law,clearly define platforms’proactive duties of care,and introduce reasonable standards for the presumption of knowledge.At the same time,a differentiated and tiered compliance obligation system should be established,utilizing technological means to ensure transparency and verifiability of platform responsibility.Only in this way can criminal law regulation achieve an effective balance between safeguarding social security and fostering technological innovation.展开更多
Insofar as the right to free speech is constitutionally protected, the article distinguishes between opinions and facts. Whereas the former is protected as a free speech matter, the latter has nothing to do with the r...Insofar as the right to free speech is constitutionally protected, the article distinguishes between opinions and facts. Whereas the former is protected as a free speech matter, the latter has nothing to do with the right to free expression Holocaust Denial concerns denying facts and therefore, it is not a question of freedom of speech. At the same vein, inquiring into the conceptual grounds of the theory of criminalization, the article provides that Holocaust Denial cannot and should not be criminalized.展开更多
Violation of food and drug safety and other hazard crimes have the features of long latency and multiple factors. Traditional criminal law causality theory is no controversy to determine causality of criminal responsi...Violation of food and drug safety and other hazard crimes have the features of long latency and multiple factors. Traditional criminal law causality theory is no controversy to determine causality of criminal responsibility, thus it is necessary to introduce the epidemiology causality theory-it is a kind of causality theory based on epidemic diseases, and it is the high degree of probability in the determination of causality in criminal laws so as to solve the traditional attribution problem, but the theory also exists applicable restriction conditions in judicial practice.展开更多
As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German law.Although German corporate law has not reject...As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German law.Although German corporate law has not rejected legal transplants,the common law trust has never been accepted as an organizational device for administering third-party funds or doing business.Nonetheless,the German judiciary has developed a sophisticated concept of fiduciary obligations where the statutes remain silent.This paper explores the application of fiduciary obligations to limited partnerships,limited liability companies,and stock corporations.It takes a membership perspective to ascertain the legal relationships between a corporation and its shareholder-members and among fellow-shareholders,as business entities evolve from personalistic to capitalistic settings.Fiduciary obligations also inform the relationship between the corporation and its directors and corporate officers.Although German law does not classify directors and corporate officers as the shareholders’direct trustees,shareholders stand nonetheless to benefit from the way directors and corporate offices discharge their duties towards the respective corporate entities.Moreover,criminal law rules on embezzlement operate to protect the corporation and the monies it administers from overly risky business projects.展开更多
In China,the term“black flights”re-fers to unauthorized operations of drones,flying cars and other aircraft.This includes unregistered devices,as well as registered ones flown without approval or beyond permitted zo...In China,the term“black flights”re-fers to unauthorized operations of drones,flying cars and other aircraft.This includes unregistered devices,as well as registered ones flown without approval or beyond permitted zones.Chinese law stipulates clear penalties for such violations,ranging from warnings and fines to criminal liability in serious cases.Despite these regulations,black flights have grown increasingly common in recent years.展开更多
文摘Online platforms play a critical intermediary role in the generation and dissemination of deepfake content and should accordingly bear criminal liability commensurate with their status.However,China’s current legal framework faces practical obstacles in defining platform criminal liability,including ambiguity in the delineation of duties,difficulties in establishing the“knowledge”standard,and procedural asymmetry in accountability mechanisms—factors which severely undermine the effectiveness of criminal law governance.To address these challenges,the normative construction of platform criminal liability must be grounded in the theoretical foundation of legal interests protected by criminal law,clearly define platforms’proactive duties of care,and introduce reasonable standards for the presumption of knowledge.At the same time,a differentiated and tiered compliance obligation system should be established,utilizing technological means to ensure transparency and verifiability of platform responsibility.Only in this way can criminal law regulation achieve an effective balance between safeguarding social security and fostering technological innovation.
文摘Insofar as the right to free speech is constitutionally protected, the article distinguishes between opinions and facts. Whereas the former is protected as a free speech matter, the latter has nothing to do with the right to free expression Holocaust Denial concerns denying facts and therefore, it is not a question of freedom of speech. At the same vein, inquiring into the conceptual grounds of the theory of criminalization, the article provides that Holocaust Denial cannot and should not be criminalized.
文摘Violation of food and drug safety and other hazard crimes have the features of long latency and multiple factors. Traditional criminal law causality theory is no controversy to determine causality of criminal responsibility, thus it is necessary to introduce the epidemiology causality theory-it is a kind of causality theory based on epidemic diseases, and it is the high degree of probability in the determination of causality in criminal laws so as to solve the traditional attribution problem, but the theory also exists applicable restriction conditions in judicial practice.
文摘As Chinese practitioners and scholars ponder the scope of fiduciary obligations under the country’s company law,this paper offers a comparative perspective from German law.Although German corporate law has not rejected legal transplants,the common law trust has never been accepted as an organizational device for administering third-party funds or doing business.Nonetheless,the German judiciary has developed a sophisticated concept of fiduciary obligations where the statutes remain silent.This paper explores the application of fiduciary obligations to limited partnerships,limited liability companies,and stock corporations.It takes a membership perspective to ascertain the legal relationships between a corporation and its shareholder-members and among fellow-shareholders,as business entities evolve from personalistic to capitalistic settings.Fiduciary obligations also inform the relationship between the corporation and its directors and corporate officers.Although German law does not classify directors and corporate officers as the shareholders’direct trustees,shareholders stand nonetheless to benefit from the way directors and corporate offices discharge their duties towards the respective corporate entities.Moreover,criminal law rules on embezzlement operate to protect the corporation and the monies it administers from overly risky business projects.
文摘In China,the term“black flights”re-fers to unauthorized operations of drones,flying cars and other aircraft.This includes unregistered devices,as well as registered ones flown without approval or beyond permitted zones.Chinese law stipulates clear penalties for such violations,ranging from warnings and fines to criminal liability in serious cases.Despite these regulations,black flights have grown increasingly common in recent years.
