Introduction Human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),where the burden of disease remains high~1.The World Health Organ...Introduction Human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),where the burden of disease remains high~1.The World Health Organization(WHO)HPV Vaccine Introduction Clearing House reported that 147 countries(of 194 reporting)had fully introduced the HPV vaccine into their national schedules as of 20242.After COVID-19 pandemic disruptions,global coverage is again increasing.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the organizational model of a perinatal network and its relevance in a resource-limited country. Methodology: This was a mixed prospective qualitative and quantitative study conducted over a 2-y...Objective: To evaluate the organizational model of a perinatal network and its relevance in a resource-limited country. Methodology: This was a mixed prospective qualitative and quantitative study conducted over a 2-year period, from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. This study took place in Senegal, a country with limited resources and a weakness of hyperspecialized medical technical resources. There was no policy for the management of fetal malformations. The qualitative part was carried out through overt participant observation. The human resources and the organization of the perinatal network were described. For the quantitative part, all fetuses managed during the study period were included. The studied parameters related to neonatal care and outcomes. Qualitative variables were described using dispersion parameters, and quantitative variables were described using proportions. Results: The perinatal network includes several specialists across six hospitals. Of these hospitals, only one provided emergency pediatric surgery. The network included highly specialized human resources in prenatal diagnosis, congenital heart defects, pediatric surgery, anesthesia, and other medical specialties in perinatology. Advanced ultrasound was centralized by an obstetrician. The team decided on the follow-up methods, timing, and mode of delivery. The newborn was immediately transferred to the appropriate specialty. Over the 2-year period, 201 fetuses were managed. The rate of cesarean delivery was 76.3%. Neonatal mortality was 51.4%. Discussion: Centralizing care improves the quality of prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital defects. Mortality remains high when emergency surgery is not well available. This mortality is also due to the lack of a single center offering all perinatal care and so, the transfer of newborns. The cesarean rate increases due to underlying conditions and organizational factors. Conclusion: Public policies should prioritize the centralization of care for congenital disorders to reduce the costs of disability and mortality.展开更多
Purpose:Citation-based assessments of countries’research capabilities often misrepresent their ability to achieve breakthrough advancements.These assessments commonly classify Japan as a developing country,which cont...Purpose:Citation-based assessments of countries’research capabilities often misrepresent their ability to achieve breakthrough advancements.These assessments commonly classify Japan as a developing country,which contradicts its prominent scientific standing.The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying causes of such inaccurate assessments and to propose methods for conducting more reliable evaluations.Design/methodology/approach:The study evaluates the effectiveness of top-percentile citation metrics as indicators of breakthrough research.Using case studies of selected countries and research topics,the study examines how deviations from lognormal citation distributions impact the accuracy of these percentile indicators.A similar analysis is conducted using university data from the Leiden Ranking to investigate citation distribution deviations at the institutional level.Findings:The study finds that inflated lower tails in citation distributions lead to undervaluation of research capabilities in advanced technological countries,as captured by some percentile indicators.Conversely,research-intensive universities exhibit the opposite trend:a reduced lower tail relative to the upper tail,which causes percentile indicators to overestimate their actual research capacity.Research limitations:The descriptions are mathematical facts that are self-evident.Practical implications:The ratios between the number of papers in the global top 10%and 1%by citation count to the total number of papers are commonly used to describe research performance.However,due to variations in citation patterns across countries and institutions with reference to the global pattern,these ratios can be misleading and lose their value as research indicators.Originality/value:Size-independent research performance indicators,obtained as the ratios between paper counts in top percentiles and the total numbers of publications,are widely used by public and private institutions.This study demonstrates that the use of these ratios for research evaluations and country rankings can be highly misleading.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal mechanisms of learning difficulties of middle school students and use them to propose strategies to help them.This research is particularly valuable for its focus ...The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal mechanisms of learning difficulties of middle school students and use them to propose strategies to help them.This research is particularly valuable for its focus on middle school students.Research on this critical transition period is often lacking compared to primary and high school.Therefore,this research establishes a structured equation model and analyzes the data from the survey using the partial least squares method.The data were obtained from a 13,900 Wenzhou City,China students’questionnaire.The research found that learning strategies were the most significant influences on learning effectiveness,followed by learning motivation and learning relationships.Meanwhile,learning relationships had a significant impact on learning pressure.Therefore,this research proposes targeted support strategies.It aims to enhance learning motivation(Set achievable learning goals for each student with learning difficulties based on their actual situation),optimize learning strategies(Encourage students with learning difficulties to learn self-regulatory strategies such as goal setting,time management,and self-reflection),and improve learning relationships(Establish a good social network to promote positive interaction between students with learning difficulties and their peers).At the same time,it reduces students’learning pressure.Ultimately,the learning effectiveness of students with learning difficulties is improved.展开更多
My Life as a Foreign Country is an Iraq War narrative by American veteran Brian Turner,recounting the protagonist Turner’s experiences in the Iraq War alongside the wartime experiences of his forefathers.As a descend...My Life as a Foreign Country is an Iraq War narrative by American veteran Brian Turner,recounting the protagonist Turner’s experiences in the Iraq War alongside the wartime experiences of his forefathers.As a descendant of a military family,the protagonist Turner makes ethical choices based on his ethical identity,elucidating the ethical concepts and dilemmas faced by Iraq War soldiers.This paper interprets the narrative from the perspective of literary ethics,analyzing the ethical choices made by the protagonist Turner to explain the underlying reasons and motivations,thereby revealing the ethical perplexities of American soldiers in modern warfare.展开更多
The Pingyang ancient woodblock painting“Presenting the Beauty of the Country with the Elegance of the Dynasty”is an important work that cannot be surpassed in the study of the history of Chinese printmaking.This art...The Pingyang ancient woodblock painting“Presenting the Beauty of the Country with the Elegance of the Dynasty”is an important work that cannot be surpassed in the study of the history of Chinese printmaking.This article focuses on the characteristics of the image style of this work,and first combines the process of excavation and discovery of this work to describe its historical background;Secondly,analyze the image information such as the structure and content presented in the work;Finally,the uniqueness of the flat water version production,the distinctive content presented in the work,and the artistic composition of the work were explained,and the importance of studying the work was pointed out.展开更多
起源于20世纪70年代的德国功能主义目的论翻译理论打破了西方翻译研究的语言学范式,经历了四个阶段的发展,形成了三个原则。本文以目的论三原则为指导,分析了林语堂的My Country and My People两个中译本,并选取有代表性的实例对两个中...起源于20世纪70年代的德国功能主义目的论翻译理论打破了西方翻译研究的语言学范式,经历了四个阶段的发展,形成了三个原则。本文以目的论三原则为指导,分析了林语堂的My Country and My People两个中译本,并选取有代表性的实例对两个中译本进行对比研究,分析其文化回译时选用的翻译策略及方法。研究表明目的论对翻译过程起到很好的指导作用,可广泛应用于翻译实践。展开更多
The paper pointed out that catering cultural resources played an important role in vitalizing Guizhou,promoting rural tourism development,innovating characteristic mountainous economy,increasing villagers' income ...The paper pointed out that catering cultural resources played an important role in vitalizing Guizhou,promoting rural tourism development,innovating characteristic mountainous economy,increasing villagers' income and constructing ecological civilization.It emphasized that development and utilization of catering resources could contribute to promotion of economic development and preservation of good ecology on condition that natural environment was not destroyed.Advantages and potentials for development and utilization of catering culture in Guizhou had been analyzed,which lied in diversified food production methods,abundant food materials,obvious regionality,colorful national catering cultures,green foods and so on.It proposed that Guizhou catering culture had gained attention of relevant departments currently and had been developed to a certain degree.Its development status was introduced in brief.On this basis,it put forward relevant strategies,emphasized depending on government's guidance,stimulating villagers' activity,rooting in the soil of Guizhou historical culture,paying attention to establishment and protection of native catering cultural brand,and doing well in sales promotion.展开更多
AIM: To compare the short-term, including oncologic, outcomes of open vs laparoscopic colectomy for cancer in a developing country. METHODS: The records of patients who underwent elective open and laparoscopic colecto...AIM: To compare the short-term, including oncologic, outcomes of open vs laparoscopic colectomy for cancer in a developing country. METHODS: The records of patients who underwent elective open and laparoscopic colectomies for cancer at the University Hospital of the West Indies between January 2005 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic(age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index score), peri-operative, post-operative and oncologic data were collected for each patient. Specific oncologic variables included lymph node yield, pathologic stage, grade, proximal, distal and circumferential margin involvement. Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and binary logistic regression tests were used for analysis. Significance level was set atP < 0.05. RESULTS: There were 87 cases for open colectomy(OC) and 17 cases for laparoscopic colectomy(LC). Demographics did not significantly differ between OC and LC groups. Intra-operative blood loss and postoperative analgesic requirements did not significantly differ between groups. There was a trend towards longer operating times in OC group and shorter hospital stay in the LC group. Lymph node yield(14 vs 14, P = 0.619), proximal(10 cm vs 7 cm, P = 0.353) and distal(8 cm vs 8 cm, P = 0.57) resection margin distance and circumferential margin involvement(9 vs 0, P = 0.348) did not significantly differ between groups. Thirty-day morbidity was equivalent between groups(22 vs 6, P = 0.774). There were 6 deaths within 30 d of initial procedure, all in the OC group(6.9%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic colectomy in a developing country is oncologically safe and represents a option for colonic malignancies in these regions. Such data encourage the continued laparoscopic development.展开更多
Objective:To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk from randomly selected supermarkets in Kingston,Jamaica.Methods:The quantitative study used a stratified random sampling techniq...Objective:To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk from randomly selected supermarkets in Kingston,Jamaica.Methods:The quantitative study used a stratified random sampling technique in the selection of the 20 representative milk samples from six(6) supermarkets.Microbiological tests such as methylene blue reduction,standard plate count(SPC),coliform plate count(CPC),purity plate culture,gram staining and biochemical tests were performed to examine the microbes in purchased unexpired pasteurized milk.Results:One sample(BCr016) had a pH of 4.0.a rancid odour and curdled appearance.It decolourized within one hour during the methylene blue reduction test and was classified as class 4 milk.Seven of the samples were sterile with no microbe growth on the plate count agar and violet red bile salt agar(VRBA).The milk samples that appeared to be safe for consumption were all 10,11,12 and 13 days before expiration.The VRBA sample BCr016,had a colony count of 13 400 CFU/ mL.There was the presence of Escherichia coli in sample LCr021 which had a standard plate count of 1 580 SPC/mL and a coliform count of 500 CFU/mL.Enterobacter sp.was present in colonies from BCr016 and all the other milk samples.Conclusions:Unacceptable levels of Entembacter spp.and Escherichia coli were found in most of the samples.Effective measures to ensure safe milk for human consumption such as the phosphatase test and methylene blue reduction test should be routinely performed on each batch of milk processed by dairy plants.展开更多
On the basis of analyzing the present conditions of country high school English teaching, this paper attempts to justify the feasibility of Cognitive Approach’s application to the country high school English teaching...On the basis of analyzing the present conditions of country high school English teaching, this paper attempts to justify the feasibility of Cognitive Approach’s application to the country high school English teaching and discusses its operation in detail.展开更多
Tourmaline geochemical and boron(B)isotopic compositions in two-mica granites(TMG),tourmaline-bearing leucogranites(Tou-LG),tourmalites and metapelites from the Gyirong-Malashan areas of the Himalayan orogen provide e...Tourmaline geochemical and boron(B)isotopic compositions in two-mica granites(TMG),tourmaline-bearing leucogranites(Tou-LG),tourmalites and metapelites from the Gyirong-Malashan areas of the Himalayan orogen provide evidence for country rock assimilation during the intrusion of Himalayan leucogranite.The schorls in Gyirong leucogranitic plutons show low contents of MgO(0.238%-1.160%)and δ^(11)B values(-12.1‰--11.2‰),while dravites gathered in the contact zone between the leucogranitic veins and metapelites show high contents of MgO(4.815%-6.755%)and δ^(11)B values(-10.7‰--9.3‰).This geochemical and isotopic variation of tourmalines can also be identified in the Malashan gneiss dome.As a result,three types of tourmaline were identified in the Himalayan orogen:(1)Tou-Ⅰ in the TMG and Tou-LG,which is the most common tourmaline type of schorl;(2)Tou-Ⅱ(dravite and high-Mg schorl)in the Tou-LG and tourmalite at the margins of the leucogranite;and(3)Tou-Ⅲ(mainly dravite,with minor high-Mg schorl)in metapelites of the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence.The lenses and veins of Tou-LG may have experienced metasomatism and assimilation as a result of interaction with the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence metasedimentary country rocks,which can be traced by the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the tourmaline therein.展开更多
New country records for five species of Glenea Newman from the Oriental Region are reported. G. changchini Lin ＆ Lin, 2011 is newly recorded from Vietnam; G. rondoni Breuning, 1963 is new from Thailand; G. subregular...New country records for five species of Glenea Newman from the Oriental Region are reported. G. changchini Lin ＆ Lin, 2011 is newly recorded from Vietnam; G. rondoni Breuning, 1963 is new from Thailand; G. subregularis Pic, 1943 is new from Laos; G subviridescens Breuning, 1963 is new from China, Vietnam and Thailand; and G. viridescens Pic, 1927 is newly recorded from China and Laos. Photos of types and voucher specimens from new localities are presented.展开更多
Purpose: Our work seeks to overcome data quality issues related to incomplete author affiliation data in bibliographic records in order to support accurate and reliable measurement of international research collaborat...Purpose: Our work seeks to overcome data quality issues related to incomplete author affiliation data in bibliographic records in order to support accurate and reliable measurement of international research collaboration(IRC).Design/methodology/approch: We propose, implement, and evaluate a method that leverages the Web-based knowledge graph Wikidata to resolve publication affiliation data to particular countries. The method is tested with general and domain-specific data sets.Findings: Our evaluation covers the magnitude of improvement, accuracy, and consistency. Results suggest the method is beneficial, reliable, and consistent, and thus a viable and improved approach to measuring IRC.Research limitations: Though our evaluation suggests the method works with both general and domain-specific bibliographic data sets, it may perform differently with data sets not tested here. Further limitations stem from the use of the R programming language and R libraries for country identification as well as imbalanced data coverage and quality in Wikidata that may also change over time.Practical implications: The new method helps to increase the accuracy in IRC studies and provides a basis for further development into a general tool that enriches bibliographic data using the Wikidata knowledge graph.Originality: This is the first attempt to enrich bibliographic data using a peer-produced, Webbased knowledge graph like Wikidata.展开更多
Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and 80% of cases occur in the developing world. A critical component of effective cervical cancer screening programs is the ability to offer women...Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and 80% of cases occur in the developing world. A critical component of effective cervical cancer screening programs is the ability to offer women appropriate and effective treatment for cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN). Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the primary experience of management of CIN by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) in a low resource country. Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross sectional study at the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon. Results: Twenty three cases of CIN were treated by LEEP. Mean age of patients was 40.5 ± 9.9 years. Six (26.1%) patients were infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). LEEP was indicated in 21 (91.30%) cases for CIN2 and CIN3. The mean duration of the surgical procedure was 10 ± 3 minutes. There was one (4.3%) complication (persistent cervical bleeding). Surgical margins were negative for dysplasia or invasive carcinoma in 18 (78.26%) cases and non-applicable in 5 (21.73%) cases (thermal artefacts of margins and cervicitis without CIN). One patient with micro invasive carcinoma on post-operative histology was treated by total hysterectomy. Cervical cytology was normal at 6 months post LEEP for 15 cases out of 16 (93.8%) patients who performed the test. One woman achieved pregnancy and delivered a term baby. Conclusion: Treatment of CIN by LEEP is feasible, safe and effective in our setting.展开更多
HEALTHCARE SITUATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF T&CM IN MALAYSIA Conventional Western medicine is the main healthcare system in Malaysia.However,traditional and complementary medicine(T&CM)remains in high demand.Th...HEALTHCARE SITUATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF T&CM IN MALAYSIA Conventional Western medicine is the main healthcare system in Malaysia.However,traditional and complementary medicine(T&CM)remains in high demand.The T&CM practices in Malaysia include traditional Malay medicine,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),traditional Indian medicine,homeopathy,and Islamic medical practice.展开更多
Culture is defined as the deposit of knowledge,experience,beliefs values,attitudes,meanings,religion,notions of time,roles,spatial relations,Culture also refers to history,geography,local conditions and customs,tradit...Culture is defined as the deposit of knowledge,experience,beliefs values,attitudes,meanings,religion,notions of time,roles,spatial relations,Culture also refers to history,geography,local conditions and customs,tradition customs,the way of life,literature and art,code of conduct and value outlook.展开更多
文摘Introduction Human papillomavirus(HPV)vaccination is a cornerstone of cervical cancer prevention,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs),where the burden of disease remains high~1.The World Health Organization(WHO)HPV Vaccine Introduction Clearing House reported that 147 countries(of 194 reporting)had fully introduced the HPV vaccine into their national schedules as of 20242.After COVID-19 pandemic disruptions,global coverage is again increasing.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the organizational model of a perinatal network and its relevance in a resource-limited country. Methodology: This was a mixed prospective qualitative and quantitative study conducted over a 2-year period, from January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023. This study took place in Senegal, a country with limited resources and a weakness of hyperspecialized medical technical resources. There was no policy for the management of fetal malformations. The qualitative part was carried out through overt participant observation. The human resources and the organization of the perinatal network were described. For the quantitative part, all fetuses managed during the study period were included. The studied parameters related to neonatal care and outcomes. Qualitative variables were described using dispersion parameters, and quantitative variables were described using proportions. Results: The perinatal network includes several specialists across six hospitals. Of these hospitals, only one provided emergency pediatric surgery. The network included highly specialized human resources in prenatal diagnosis, congenital heart defects, pediatric surgery, anesthesia, and other medical specialties in perinatology. Advanced ultrasound was centralized by an obstetrician. The team decided on the follow-up methods, timing, and mode of delivery. The newborn was immediately transferred to the appropriate specialty. Over the 2-year period, 201 fetuses were managed. The rate of cesarean delivery was 76.3%. Neonatal mortality was 51.4%. Discussion: Centralizing care improves the quality of prenatal diagnosis and management of congenital defects. Mortality remains high when emergency surgery is not well available. This mortality is also due to the lack of a single center offering all perinatal care and so, the transfer of newborns. The cesarean rate increases due to underlying conditions and organizational factors. Conclusion: Public policies should prioritize the centralization of care for congenital disorders to reduce the costs of disability and mortality.
文摘Purpose:Citation-based assessments of countries’research capabilities often misrepresent their ability to achieve breakthrough advancements.These assessments commonly classify Japan as a developing country,which contradicts its prominent scientific standing.The purpose of this study is to investigate the underlying causes of such inaccurate assessments and to propose methods for conducting more reliable evaluations.Design/methodology/approach:The study evaluates the effectiveness of top-percentile citation metrics as indicators of breakthrough research.Using case studies of selected countries and research topics,the study examines how deviations from lognormal citation distributions impact the accuracy of these percentile indicators.A similar analysis is conducted using university data from the Leiden Ranking to investigate citation distribution deviations at the institutional level.Findings:The study finds that inflated lower tails in citation distributions lead to undervaluation of research capabilities in advanced technological countries,as captured by some percentile indicators.Conversely,research-intensive universities exhibit the opposite trend:a reduced lower tail relative to the upper tail,which causes percentile indicators to overestimate their actual research capacity.Research limitations:The descriptions are mathematical facts that are self-evident.Practical implications:The ratios between the number of papers in the global top 10%and 1%by citation count to the total number of papers are commonly used to describe research performance.However,due to variations in citation patterns across countries and institutions with reference to the global pattern,these ratios can be misleading and lose their value as research indicators.Originality/value:Size-independent research performance indicators,obtained as the ratios between paper counts in top percentiles and the total numbers of publications,are widely used by public and private institutions.This study demonstrates that the use of these ratios for research evaluations and country rankings can be highly misleading.
基金2025 Wenzhou Key Research Base of Philosophy and Social Science(Wenzhou University Learning Science and Technology Research Centre)Research Project:Investigation and Strategy Research on the Causes of Middle School Students’Learning Difficulties in the Context of the Leading Country in Education.
文摘The purpose of this research is to analyze the causal mechanisms of learning difficulties of middle school students and use them to propose strategies to help them.This research is particularly valuable for its focus on middle school students.Research on this critical transition period is often lacking compared to primary and high school.Therefore,this research establishes a structured equation model and analyzes the data from the survey using the partial least squares method.The data were obtained from a 13,900 Wenzhou City,China students’questionnaire.The research found that learning strategies were the most significant influences on learning effectiveness,followed by learning motivation and learning relationships.Meanwhile,learning relationships had a significant impact on learning pressure.Therefore,this research proposes targeted support strategies.It aims to enhance learning motivation(Set achievable learning goals for each student with learning difficulties based on their actual situation),optimize learning strategies(Encourage students with learning difficulties to learn self-regulatory strategies such as goal setting,time management,and self-reflection),and improve learning relationships(Establish a good social network to promote positive interaction between students with learning difficulties and their peers).At the same time,it reduces students’learning pressure.Ultimately,the learning effectiveness of students with learning difficulties is improved.
文摘My Life as a Foreign Country is an Iraq War narrative by American veteran Brian Turner,recounting the protagonist Turner’s experiences in the Iraq War alongside the wartime experiences of his forefathers.As a descendant of a military family,the protagonist Turner makes ethical choices based on his ethical identity,elucidating the ethical concepts and dilemmas faced by Iraq War soldiers.This paper interprets the narrative from the perspective of literary ethics,analyzing the ethical choices made by the protagonist Turner to explain the underlying reasons and motivations,thereby revealing the ethical perplexities of American soldiers in modern warfare.
文摘The Pingyang ancient woodblock painting“Presenting the Beauty of the Country with the Elegance of the Dynasty”is an important work that cannot be surpassed in the study of the history of Chinese printmaking.This article focuses on the characteristics of the image style of this work,and first combines the process of excavation and discovery of this work to describe its historical background;Secondly,analyze the image information such as the structure and content presented in the work;Finally,the uniqueness of the flat water version production,the distinctive content presented in the work,and the artistic composition of the work were explained,and the importance of studying the work was pointed out.
文摘起源于20世纪70年代的德国功能主义目的论翻译理论打破了西方翻译研究的语言学范式,经历了四个阶段的发展,形成了三个原则。本文以目的论三原则为指导,分析了林语堂的My Country and My People两个中译本,并选取有代表性的实例对两个中译本进行对比研究,分析其文化回译时选用的翻译策略及方法。研究表明目的论对翻译过程起到很好的指导作用,可广泛应用于翻译实践。
基金Supported by United Foundation Item of Soft Science of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province and Guizhu College of Finance and Economics(R[2010]LKC2034)~~
文摘The paper pointed out that catering cultural resources played an important role in vitalizing Guizhou,promoting rural tourism development,innovating characteristic mountainous economy,increasing villagers' income and constructing ecological civilization.It emphasized that development and utilization of catering resources could contribute to promotion of economic development and preservation of good ecology on condition that natural environment was not destroyed.Advantages and potentials for development and utilization of catering culture in Guizhou had been analyzed,which lied in diversified food production methods,abundant food materials,obvious regionality,colorful national catering cultures,green foods and so on.It proposed that Guizhou catering culture had gained attention of relevant departments currently and had been developed to a certain degree.Its development status was introduced in brief.On this basis,it put forward relevant strategies,emphasized depending on government's guidance,stimulating villagers' activity,rooting in the soil of Guizhou historical culture,paying attention to establishment and protection of native catering cultural brand,and doing well in sales promotion.
文摘AIM: To compare the short-term, including oncologic, outcomes of open vs laparoscopic colectomy for cancer in a developing country. METHODS: The records of patients who underwent elective open and laparoscopic colectomies for cancer at the University Hospital of the West Indies between January 2005 and December 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic(age, gender, Charlson comorbidity index score), peri-operative, post-operative and oncologic data were collected for each patient. Specific oncologic variables included lymph node yield, pathologic stage, grade, proximal, distal and circumferential margin involvement. Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney, and binary logistic regression tests were used for analysis. Significance level was set atP < 0.05. RESULTS: There were 87 cases for open colectomy(OC) and 17 cases for laparoscopic colectomy(LC). Demographics did not significantly differ between OC and LC groups. Intra-operative blood loss and postoperative analgesic requirements did not significantly differ between groups. There was a trend towards longer operating times in OC group and shorter hospital stay in the LC group. Lymph node yield(14 vs 14, P = 0.619), proximal(10 cm vs 7 cm, P = 0.353) and distal(8 cm vs 8 cm, P = 0.57) resection margin distance and circumferential margin involvement(9 vs 0, P = 0.348) did not significantly differ between groups. Thirty-day morbidity was equivalent between groups(22 vs 6, P = 0.774). There were 6 deaths within 30 d of initial procedure, all in the OC group(6.9%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic colectomy in a developing country is oncologically safe and represents a option for colonic malignancies in these regions. Such data encourage the continued laparoscopic development.
文摘Objective:To determine the presence and levels of microbes in unexpired pasteurized milk from randomly selected supermarkets in Kingston,Jamaica.Methods:The quantitative study used a stratified random sampling technique in the selection of the 20 representative milk samples from six(6) supermarkets.Microbiological tests such as methylene blue reduction,standard plate count(SPC),coliform plate count(CPC),purity plate culture,gram staining and biochemical tests were performed to examine the microbes in purchased unexpired pasteurized milk.Results:One sample(BCr016) had a pH of 4.0.a rancid odour and curdled appearance.It decolourized within one hour during the methylene blue reduction test and was classified as class 4 milk.Seven of the samples were sterile with no microbe growth on the plate count agar and violet red bile salt agar(VRBA).The milk samples that appeared to be safe for consumption were all 10,11,12 and 13 days before expiration.The VRBA sample BCr016,had a colony count of 13 400 CFU/ mL.There was the presence of Escherichia coli in sample LCr021 which had a standard plate count of 1 580 SPC/mL and a coliform count of 500 CFU/mL.Enterobacter sp.was present in colonies from BCr016 and all the other milk samples.Conclusions:Unacceptable levels of Entembacter spp.and Escherichia coli were found in most of the samples.Effective measures to ensure safe milk for human consumption such as the phosphatase test and methylene blue reduction test should be routinely performed on each batch of milk processed by dairy plants.
文摘On the basis of analyzing the present conditions of country high school English teaching, this paper attempts to justify the feasibility of Cognitive Approach’s application to the country high school English teaching and discusses its operation in detail.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42072114 and 41503006)。
文摘Tourmaline geochemical and boron(B)isotopic compositions in two-mica granites(TMG),tourmaline-bearing leucogranites(Tou-LG),tourmalites and metapelites from the Gyirong-Malashan areas of the Himalayan orogen provide evidence for country rock assimilation during the intrusion of Himalayan leucogranite.The schorls in Gyirong leucogranitic plutons show low contents of MgO(0.238%-1.160%)and δ^(11)B values(-12.1‰--11.2‰),while dravites gathered in the contact zone between the leucogranitic veins and metapelites show high contents of MgO(4.815%-6.755%)and δ^(11)B values(-10.7‰--9.3‰).This geochemical and isotopic variation of tourmalines can also be identified in the Malashan gneiss dome.As a result,three types of tourmaline were identified in the Himalayan orogen:(1)Tou-Ⅰ in the TMG and Tou-LG,which is the most common tourmaline type of schorl;(2)Tou-Ⅱ(dravite and high-Mg schorl)in the Tou-LG and tourmalite at the margins of the leucogranite;and(3)Tou-Ⅲ(mainly dravite,with minor high-Mg schorl)in metapelites of the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence.The lenses and veins of Tou-LG may have experienced metasomatism and assimilation as a result of interaction with the High Himalayan Crystalline Sequence metasedimentary country rocks,which can be traced by the geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the tourmaline therein.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31000967&J0930004)a grant(No.O529YX5105)from the Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘New country records for five species of Glenea Newman from the Oriental Region are reported. G. changchini Lin ＆ Lin, 2011 is newly recorded from Vietnam; G. rondoni Breuning, 1963 is new from Thailand; G. subregularis Pic, 1943 is new from Laos; G subviridescens Breuning, 1963 is new from China, Vietnam and Thailand; and G. viridescens Pic, 1927 is newly recorded from China and Laos. Photos of types and voucher specimens from new localities are presented.
文摘Purpose: Our work seeks to overcome data quality issues related to incomplete author affiliation data in bibliographic records in order to support accurate and reliable measurement of international research collaboration(IRC).Design/methodology/approch: We propose, implement, and evaluate a method that leverages the Web-based knowledge graph Wikidata to resolve publication affiliation data to particular countries. The method is tested with general and domain-specific data sets.Findings: Our evaluation covers the magnitude of improvement, accuracy, and consistency. Results suggest the method is beneficial, reliable, and consistent, and thus a viable and improved approach to measuring IRC.Research limitations: Though our evaluation suggests the method works with both general and domain-specific bibliographic data sets, it may perform differently with data sets not tested here. Further limitations stem from the use of the R programming language and R libraries for country identification as well as imbalanced data coverage and quality in Wikidata that may also change over time.Practical implications: The new method helps to increase the accuracy in IRC studies and provides a basis for further development into a general tool that enriches bibliographic data using the Wikidata knowledge graph.Originality: This is the first attempt to enrich bibliographic data using a peer-produced, Webbased knowledge graph like Wikidata.
文摘Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and 80% of cases occur in the developing world. A critical component of effective cervical cancer screening programs is the ability to offer women appropriate and effective treatment for cervical intra epithelial neoplasia (CIN). Objectives: This study aimed at assessing the primary experience of management of CIN by Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) in a low resource country. Methods: We carried out a descriptive cross sectional study at the Yaoundé General Hospital in Cameroon. Results: Twenty three cases of CIN were treated by LEEP. Mean age of patients was 40.5 ± 9.9 years. Six (26.1%) patients were infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). LEEP was indicated in 21 (91.30%) cases for CIN2 and CIN3. The mean duration of the surgical procedure was 10 ± 3 minutes. There was one (4.3%) complication (persistent cervical bleeding). Surgical margins were negative for dysplasia or invasive carcinoma in 18 (78.26%) cases and non-applicable in 5 (21.73%) cases (thermal artefacts of margins and cervicitis without CIN). One patient with micro invasive carcinoma on post-operative histology was treated by total hysterectomy. Cervical cytology was normal at 6 months post LEEP for 15 cases out of 16 (93.8%) patients who performed the test. One woman achieved pregnancy and delivered a term baby. Conclusion: Treatment of CIN by LEEP is feasible, safe and effective in our setting.
文摘HEALTHCARE SITUATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF T&CM IN MALAYSIA Conventional Western medicine is the main healthcare system in Malaysia.However,traditional and complementary medicine(T&CM)remains in high demand.The T&CM practices in Malaysia include traditional Malay medicine,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),traditional Indian medicine,homeopathy,and Islamic medical practice.
文摘Culture is defined as the deposit of knowledge,experience,beliefs values,attitudes,meanings,religion,notions of time,roles,spatial relations,Culture also refers to history,geography,local conditions and customs,tradition customs,the way of life,literature and art,code of conduct and value outlook.
