While the fall of Raqqa signalled the steady decline and“defeat”of the Islamic State(IS),it did not guarantee the end of its ideology of violent extremism.The possibility of the organisation reinventing itself in di...While the fall of Raqqa signalled the steady decline and“defeat”of the Islamic State(IS),it did not guarantee the end of its ideology of violent extremism.The possibility of the organisation reinventing itself in different and perhaps more lethal ways is very high.States,therefore,must adopt measures that are based on holistic,multi-stakeholder approaches rather than on military and securitised responses to counter and ultimately prevent the spread of violent extremist ideology.The countries of the Gulf have the advantage of a“youth bulge,”with almost half its population under the age of 30 years.This“youth bulge”is however a double-edged sword.This large pool of human capital could be a demographic dividend,if harnessed intelligently,while conversely it could prove to be a demographic disaster if timely and plausible solutions to the various issues faced are not provided.This paper will explore ways in which preventing and countering violent extremism(P/CVE)through education could be achieved by including a variety of stakeholders from faith based organisations,the corporate sector,media and academia in the formulation of appropriate educational responses which take into account issues like culture,identity and religiosity.These re-education programmes should form an integral part of P/CVE policies,thereby providing the much needed psycho-social angle to an otherwise hard security-driven discourse.It is against this rationale that this paper makes a case for P/CVE through education,encompassing the formal,informal and non-formal levels,as one of the possible means for promoting and fostering a peace process in the Gulf.展开更多
Herein,an FMS/CC composite was successfully fabricated by depositing FeMoS_(4)onto a pristine carbon fiber cloth(CC)substrate via a facile two-step hydrothermal method.The amorphous nature of the FMS/CC compos-ite end...Herein,an FMS/CC composite was successfully fabricated by depositing FeMoS_(4)onto a pristine carbon fiber cloth(CC)substrate via a facile two-step hydrothermal method.The amorphous nature of the FMS/CC compos-ite endows it with abundant catalytically active sites,thereby accelerating the reduction of I_(3)^(-).More importantly,the dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)prepared by scraping it on flexible titanium mesh with low resistance had low series resistance(Rs).Electrochemical characterizations revealed that the DSSCs employing the FMS/CC counter electrode achieved a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of ca.9.51%(surpassing the ca.8.15%efficiency of the Pt counter electrode),open-circuit voltage(Voc)of ca.0.79 V,short-circuit current density(Jsc)of ca.18.31 mA·cm^(-2),and fill factor(FF)of ca.0.65.Moreover,after 100 times of cyclic voltammetry(CV)test,the CV curve remained unchanged,indicating the excellent stability of FMS/CC in the electrolyte containing I_(3)^(-)/I^(-).展开更多
Background:Vestibular assessments,such as the video ocular counter roll(vOCR)test,offer valuable insights into the interactions between age,otolith function,and vestibular performance.Objective:To analyze the relation...Background:Vestibular assessments,such as the video ocular counter roll(vOCR)test,offer valuable insights into the interactions between age,otolith function,and vestibular performance.Objective:To analyze the relation between age and vOCR gains as a potential marker of age-related otolith degeneration.Methods:A total of 107 participants underwent vOCR testing.Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between age and vOCR gains.Results were presented using regression coefficients,95%confidence intervals,p-values,and R-squared values.Results:In the overall sample,statistically significant associations were observed between age and vOCR gains in both ears.For the right ear,vOCR gains decreased with increasing age(coefficient:-0.03;95%CI:-0.05 to-0.01;p<0.001;R^(2)=0.08),while the left ear showed a slightly stronger association(coefficient:-0.04;95%CI:-0.07 to-0.02;p<0.001;R²=0.12).These findings indicate a moderate age-related decline in otolith-mediated vestibular responses.Conclusion:vOCR gains appear to decline with age,reflecting potential age-related otolith degeneration.These results support the clinical value of vOCR as a non-invasive method to assess vestibular function and its changes across the lifespan.展开更多
The prompt fission neutron spectrum(PFNS)is a key nuclear data quantity that is of particular interest and plays a crucial role in understanding and modeling fission processes.An array comprising 48 liquid scintillati...The prompt fission neutron spectrum(PFNS)is a key nuclear data quantity that is of particular interest and plays a crucial role in understanding and modeling fission processes.An array comprising 48 liquid scintillation detectors and a parallelplate avalanche counter(PPAC)was developed at the China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE)to measure the PFNS of actinide nuclei.Efficiency and energy calibrations were performed for all the liquid scintillators,and their efficiencies were consistently found to be better than 5%.The time resolutions of the PPAC and liquid scintillators were measured to be 1.08 ns and 1.16 ns using~(252)Cf and~(207)Bi sources,respectively.The pulse shape discrimination of the liquid scintillator was utilized to identify neutron andγsignals on an event-by-event basis,and the figure of merit was deduced as 1.12 at a 200 ke Vee threshold.The contribution to the PFNS from multiple scattered neutrons was evaluated via Geant4 simulations,and those originating from the environment were found to be comparable to the crosstalk between the detectors.The neutron efficiency of the entire detection array was calibrated using a~(252)Cf spontaneous fission source and was demonstrated to be consistent with the Geant4 simulation results,which verified the reliability of the detection array.展开更多
The influence of filling parameters including pouring temperature, filling speed, boost pressure and synchronous pressure on the fatigue of A357 alloy produced by counter pressure plaster casting was studied. The Tagu...The influence of filling parameters including pouring temperature, filling speed, boost pressure and synchronous pressure on the fatigue of A357 alloy produced by counter pressure plaster casting was studied. The Taguchi method was used to investigate the relationship between the fatigue performance and filling parameters. The results show that filling speed is the most significant factor among the four parameters. Synchronous pressures is less influential on the fatigue life when the value of synchronous pressure is from 400 kPa to 600 kPa.展开更多
Significant progress has been made in the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts （NPMEs） during the past decade. Correspondingly, there is an urgent demand for an appropriate measurement method to be est...Significant progress has been made in the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts （NPMEs） during the past decade. Correspondingly, there is an urgent demand for an appropriate measurement method to be established for the reliable evaluation of NPMEs. In this study, platinum and graphite counter electrodes were used to investigate the impact of counter electrode material on the accelerated durability testing （ADT） of NPMEs in acidic medium. Platinum used as the coun- ter electrode in a traditional three-electrode electrochemical cell was found to dissolve in acidic medium and re-deposit on NPME coated on the working electrode during ADT. Such re-deposition causes the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） performance of NPMEs to remarkably improve, and thus will seriously mislead our judgment of NPMEs if we are unaware of it. The phenomenon can be avoided using a graphite counter electrode.展开更多
The electronic structure of protein chains L and M in photosynthetic reaction center (PRC) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Van Niel) Imhoff, Truper et Pfennig) was studied by using the Overlapping Dimer Approximation meth...The electronic structure of protein chains L and M in photosynthetic reaction center (PRC) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Van Niel) Imhoff, Truper et Pfennig) was studied by using the Overlapping Dimer Approximation method and the Extended Negative Factor Counter method at ab initio level. The result indicated that: (1) Amino acid residues, the molecular orbitals of which composed the main components of frontier orbitals of protein chain L (M), are located at the random coil areas of chain L (alpha helix areas of chain M). Since the random coil is flexible and more easy to change its conformation in the electron transfer process and to reduce the energy of the system, and the structure of the alpha helix is reletively stable, this difference might be one of the causes for the electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction center (PRC) only takes place along the L branch. (2) The His residues which axially coordinated to the 'special pair' P and accessory chlorophyll molecules (ABChls) are essentially important for the E-LUMO levels of P and ABChl. But, the corresponding molecular orbitals of these His residues do not appear in the composition of frontier orbitals of protein chains. It means that the interaction between pigment molecules and protein chains do not influence the contribution to the frontier orbitals of protein chains explicitly, but influences the corresponding E-LUMO levels significantly.展开更多
文摘While the fall of Raqqa signalled the steady decline and“defeat”of the Islamic State(IS),it did not guarantee the end of its ideology of violent extremism.The possibility of the organisation reinventing itself in different and perhaps more lethal ways is very high.States,therefore,must adopt measures that are based on holistic,multi-stakeholder approaches rather than on military and securitised responses to counter and ultimately prevent the spread of violent extremist ideology.The countries of the Gulf have the advantage of a“youth bulge,”with almost half its population under the age of 30 years.This“youth bulge”is however a double-edged sword.This large pool of human capital could be a demographic dividend,if harnessed intelligently,while conversely it could prove to be a demographic disaster if timely and plausible solutions to the various issues faced are not provided.This paper will explore ways in which preventing and countering violent extremism(P/CVE)through education could be achieved by including a variety of stakeholders from faith based organisations,the corporate sector,media and academia in the formulation of appropriate educational responses which take into account issues like culture,identity and religiosity.These re-education programmes should form an integral part of P/CVE policies,thereby providing the much needed psycho-social angle to an otherwise hard security-driven discourse.It is against this rationale that this paper makes a case for P/CVE through education,encompassing the formal,informal and non-formal levels,as one of the possible means for promoting and fostering a peace process in the Gulf.
文摘Herein,an FMS/CC composite was successfully fabricated by depositing FeMoS_(4)onto a pristine carbon fiber cloth(CC)substrate via a facile two-step hydrothermal method.The amorphous nature of the FMS/CC compos-ite endows it with abundant catalytically active sites,thereby accelerating the reduction of I_(3)^(-).More importantly,the dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs)prepared by scraping it on flexible titanium mesh with low resistance had low series resistance(Rs).Electrochemical characterizations revealed that the DSSCs employing the FMS/CC counter electrode achieved a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of ca.9.51%(surpassing the ca.8.15%efficiency of the Pt counter electrode),open-circuit voltage(Voc)of ca.0.79 V,short-circuit current density(Jsc)of ca.18.31 mA·cm^(-2),and fill factor(FF)of ca.0.65.Moreover,after 100 times of cyclic voltammetry(CV)test,the CV curve remained unchanged,indicating the excellent stability of FMS/CC in the electrolyte containing I_(3)^(-)/I^(-).
文摘Background:Vestibular assessments,such as the video ocular counter roll(vOCR)test,offer valuable insights into the interactions between age,otolith function,and vestibular performance.Objective:To analyze the relation between age and vOCR gains as a potential marker of age-related otolith degeneration.Methods:A total of 107 participants underwent vOCR testing.Descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the association between age and vOCR gains.Results were presented using regression coefficients,95%confidence intervals,p-values,and R-squared values.Results:In the overall sample,statistically significant associations were observed between age and vOCR gains in both ears.For the right ear,vOCR gains decreased with increasing age(coefficient:-0.03;95%CI:-0.05 to-0.01;p<0.001;R^(2)=0.08),while the left ear showed a slightly stronger association(coefficient:-0.04;95%CI:-0.07 to-0.02;p<0.001;R²=0.12).These findings indicate a moderate age-related decline in otolith-mediated vestibular responses.Conclusion:vOCR gains appear to decline with age,reflecting potential age-related otolith degeneration.These results support the clinical value of vOCR as a non-invasive method to assess vestibular function and its changes across the lifespan.
基金supported by Continuous-Support Basic Scientific Research Project(No.BJ010261223282)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2167201,11975318)+2 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and TechnologyPeking University(No.NPT2023KFY01)the Research and Development Project of China National Nuclear Corporation。
文摘The prompt fission neutron spectrum(PFNS)is a key nuclear data quantity that is of particular interest and plays a crucial role in understanding and modeling fission processes.An array comprising 48 liquid scintillation detectors and a parallelplate avalanche counter(PPAC)was developed at the China Institute of Atomic Energy(CIAE)to measure the PFNS of actinide nuclei.Efficiency and energy calibrations were performed for all the liquid scintillators,and their efficiencies were consistently found to be better than 5%.The time resolutions of the PPAC and liquid scintillators were measured to be 1.08 ns and 1.16 ns using~(252)Cf and~(207)Bi sources,respectively.The pulse shape discrimination of the liquid scintillator was utilized to identify neutron andγsignals on an event-by-event basis,and the figure of merit was deduced as 1.12 at a 200 ke Vee threshold.The contribution to the PFNS from multiple scattered neutrons was evaluated via Geant4 simulations,and those originating from the environment were found to be comparable to the crosstalk between the detectors.The neutron efficiency of the entire detection array was calibrated using a~(252)Cf spontaneous fission source and was demonstrated to be consistent with the Geant4 simulation results,which verified the reliability of the detection array.
文摘The influence of filling parameters including pouring temperature, filling speed, boost pressure and synchronous pressure on the fatigue of A357 alloy produced by counter pressure plaster casting was studied. The Taguchi method was used to investigate the relationship between the fatigue performance and filling parameters. The results show that filling speed is the most significant factor among the four parameters. Synchronous pressures is less influential on the fatigue life when the value of synchronous pressure is from 400 kPa to 600 kPa.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT15RC(3)001,DUT15ZD225)the Program for Liao-ning Excellent Talents in University(LR2015014)+1 种基金the Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program(201519)Dalian Excellent Young Scientific and Technological Talents(2015R006)
文摘Significant progress has been made in the development of non-precious metal electrocatalysts （NPMEs） during the past decade. Correspondingly, there is an urgent demand for an appropriate measurement method to be established for the reliable evaluation of NPMEs. In this study, platinum and graphite counter electrodes were used to investigate the impact of counter electrode material on the accelerated durability testing （ADT） of NPMEs in acidic medium. Platinum used as the coun- ter electrode in a traditional three-electrode electrochemical cell was found to dissolve in acidic medium and re-deposit on NPME coated on the working electrode during ADT. Such re-deposition causes the oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） performance of NPMEs to remarkably improve, and thus will seriously mislead our judgment of NPMEs if we are unaware of it. The phenomenon can be avoided using a graphite counter electrode.
文摘The electronic structure of protein chains L and M in photosynthetic reaction center (PRC) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Van Niel) Imhoff, Truper et Pfennig) was studied by using the Overlapping Dimer Approximation method and the Extended Negative Factor Counter method at ab initio level. The result indicated that: (1) Amino acid residues, the molecular orbitals of which composed the main components of frontier orbitals of protein chain L (M), are located at the random coil areas of chain L (alpha helix areas of chain M). Since the random coil is flexible and more easy to change its conformation in the electron transfer process and to reduce the energy of the system, and the structure of the alpha helix is reletively stable, this difference might be one of the causes for the electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction center (PRC) only takes place along the L branch. (2) The His residues which axially coordinated to the 'special pair' P and accessory chlorophyll molecules (ABChls) are essentially important for the E-LUMO levels of P and ABChl. But, the corresponding molecular orbitals of these His residues do not appear in the composition of frontier orbitals of protein chains. It means that the interaction between pigment molecules and protein chains do not influence the contribution to the frontier orbitals of protein chains explicitly, but influences the corresponding E-LUMO levels significantly.
