Counterfeiting is one of the most serious problems in the consumer market. One promising approach for anti-counterfeiting is to attach a low-cost Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) tag to the product authentication...Counterfeiting is one of the most serious problems in the consumer market. One promising approach for anti-counterfeiting is to attach a low-cost Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) tag to the product authentication. In this paper, we propose an RFID system for detecting counterfeiting products. This RFID system consists of the tag authentication protocol and the database correction protocol. We use the tag authentication protocol for authenticating tags without revealing their sensitive information. This protocol also allows the customer to freely inquire the tag. To prevent the widespread of the counterfeit products, we use the tag status information along with tag identity information. Meanwhile, the database correction protocol guarantees the correctness of the tag status. Our anti-counterfeiting system is the first work considering the seller who plays an important role in the consumer product supply chain. Finally, we show that anti-counterfeiting system is quite secure against counterfeiting and the tag authentication protocol is lightweight enough to be implemented in RFID-based applications.展开更多
Novel hydrophilic NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+@NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+double-jacket microtubes(DJMTs)with upconversion/downconversion dual-mode luminescence were designed and prepared through epitaxial growth of NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+she...Novel hydrophilic NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+@NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+double-jacket microtubes(DJMTs)with upconversion/downconversion dual-mode luminescence were designed and prepared through epitaxial growth of NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+shell onto the NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+microtube via poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)mediated hydrothermal method.It is demonstrated that PAA ligand played an important role in guiding the direct growth of NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+shell onto the surface of NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+parent microtubes.The growth of NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+shell experienced a crystal phase transition fromβ-NaGdF4 andβ-NaYF4 mixture toβ-NaYF4@NaGdF4 composite crystal,and morphology evolution from mixture ofβ-NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+nanorods andβ-NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+microtubes to NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+@NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+DJMTs.The formation mechanism of DJMTs was the dissolution−renucleation ofβ-NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+nanorods and the growth ofβ-NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+shell via the classical Ostwald ripening mechanism.The as-prepared DJMTs could exhibit blue upconversion and red downconversion luminescence,which was further made into environmentally benign luminescent inks for creating highly secured and fluorescent-based anti-counterfeiting patterns via inkjet printing.展开更多
A benzoic acid rare earth(Tb) complex was synthesized and characterized.The excitation and emission spectra of the complex were investigated,and then pure organic complex was incorporated with inorganic matrices(SiO2)...A benzoic acid rare earth(Tb) complex was synthesized and characterized.The excitation and emission spectra of the complex were investigated,and then pure organic complex was incorporated with inorganic matrices(SiO2) through sol-gel method.The composition and structure of the hybrid complex was characterized through the IR spectra,TG,TEM and fluorescent spectrometer.Furthermore,the polypropylene(PP) fluorescent fiber with the organic-inorganic hybrid was prepared by melt spinning.The fluorescent and mechanical properties of the fiber were also tested.The results showed that after sol-gel coating the average particulate dimension of the hybrid rare earth complex was less than 100 nm and thermal stability was improved.Meanwhile,the fiber possessed excellent fluorescent and mechanical properties,which could be used as a candidate applied to excellent fluorescent anti-counterfeiting fiber.展开更多
Pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have been attracting much attention recently. Herein, we report a facile approach combining heavy atom effect and external solvent stimuli to realize RTP. ...Pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have been attracting much attention recently. Herein, we report a facile approach combining heavy atom effect and external solvent stimuli to realize RTP. N-Allylquinolinium bromide under 365 nm UV exhibited intense green RTP emission with response upon adding chloroform. This interesting phenomenon endowed N-allylquinolinium bromide great potential as an anti-counterfeiting material.展开更多
Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is a health scourge responsible for several cases of morbidity and mortality. Counterfeit medicines cause therapeutic failure, emergence of resistance in the treatment of infections. This...Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is a health scourge responsible for several cases of morbidity and mortality. Counterfeit medicines cause therapeutic failure, emergence of resistance in the treatment of infections. This study was conducted in order to identify counterfeit and authentic medicines in circulation in Lubumbashi. The study included artemether and artesunate for oral administration. A careful visual inspection of medicine, investigation of authenticity of pharmaceutical products from manufacturers and pharmaceutical regulatory authorities and determination of content were used as study parameters. 52 samples: 37 artemether and 15 of artésunate were collected. 7 samples (13%) have proven to be counterfeit. Artemether was the most counterfeit (71%) and 29% for artesunate. 6 (12%) samples were substandard according to the international pharmacopoeia in terms of content of active ingredient. Sixty-seven percent of non-compliance concerned counterfeit medicines. The proportion of non-compliance is highest among counterfeit medicines (71.43% vs 2.22%;p = 0.000004). It is obvious that strengthening the capacity of the drug regulatory authority of the DRC reduces the influx of counterfeit drug and substandard.展开更多
Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In t...Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In this study in vitro dissolution tests were conducted on two sets of counterfeit medicines containing PDE-5 inhibitors （sildenafil citrate and tadalafil）. The dissolution profiles were statistically compared to the ones of the genuine products using the f2-method and a comparison at each time point using the Cochran test. The results showed low equivalences between counterfeit and genuine products as well as higher variations around the mean dissolution value at the different time points for the counterfeit products.展开更多
In an effort to promote the availability of safe and effective drugs, the US Food and Drug Administration is developing spectroscopic methods to assess the quality of drugs in the field. Here we report a rapid screeni...In an effort to promote the availability of safe and effective drugs, the US Food and Drug Administration is developing spectroscopic methods to assess the quality of drugs in the field. Here we report a rapid screening classification method for Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) capsules using a portable Raman spectrometer to perform screening on three solid oral dosage strengths of Tamiflu, 30 mg, 45 mg and 75 mg. Tamiflu is an antiviral drug that is stockpiled for use in the event of pandemic influenza outbreak. The qualitative classification methods reported were developed using the Raman spectra of intact capsules. The classification algorithms used were able to reliably distinguish the three dosage strengths of Tamiflu. These qualitative models are validated with additional Tamiflu samples from different batches and simulated counterfeits of Tamiflu. The probability that a test sample belongs to each dosage strength class is calculated, and strict class predictions are used to assign each sample to a particular class. The classification methods reported here enable development of user-independent, field-deployable methods for finished drug products and are able to correctly assign 92% of the validation samples using authentic Tamiflu and 100% of the simulated counterfeits.展开更多
February-15,virtual ITU is organizing a series of webinars on Combating counterfeiting and stolen information and communications technology(ICT)devices.The Episode 1:"Existing challenges and solutions on combatin...February-15,virtual ITU is organizing a series of webinars on Combating counterfeiting and stolen information and communications technology(ICT)devices.The Episode 1:"Existing challenges and solutions on combating counterfeiting of ICT devices",will take place fully virtually on 15 February 2023.展开更多
Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is shown to provide an efficient tech- nique for the investigation of polar composition of forensic tablets for male erectile dysfunction. ESI-MS fing...Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is shown to provide an efficient tech- nique for the investigation of polar composition of forensic tablets for male erectile dysfunction. ESI-MS fingerprinting of 41 commercial sildenafil samples (Viagra?, Cialis?, Lazar?, Libiden?, , Maxfil?, , Plenovit?, Potent 75?, Rigix?, V-50?, Vimax?, Pramil 75? and Pramil?) and 56 counterfeit samples (Viagra and Cialis) were obtained. The spectra for the authentic Viagra? tablets showed abundant ions exclusively corresponding to the sildenafil (SLD) molecule: [SLD + H]+ of m/z 475;[SLD + Na]+ of m/z 497;and [2SLD + H]+ of m/z 949. The spectra for com-mercial sildenafil samples also showed predominat SLD ions. Tablets of authentic Cialis? showed mainly ions of m/z 343, 365 and 707 from the lactose molecule (the excipient);as well as a minor ion of m/z 390 corresponding to the active ingredient tadalafil (TAD) in its protonated form [TAD + H]+. For counterfeit Cialis samples, how-ever, normally TAD ions of much high abundances was observed, together with ions corresponding to sildenafil analogues such as those of m/z 489 (homosildenafil) and 505 (hydroxyhomosildenafil). Principal component analysis was applied to ESI-MS fingerprint data, placing samples according to their contents of active ingredients hence authentic and counterfeit samples are easily recognized.展开更多
Qualification of equipment essential to safety in NPPs （nuclear power plants） ensures its capability to perform designated safety functions on demand under postulated service conditions. However, a number of inciden...Qualification of equipment essential to safety in NPPs （nuclear power plants） ensures its capability to perform designated safety functions on demand under postulated service conditions. However, a number of incidents identified by the NRC （Nuclear Regulatory Commission） since 1980s catalysed the US nuclear industry to adopt standard precautions to guard against counterfeit items. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the NFC （near field communication） based equipment qualification management system preventing counterfeit and fraudulent items. The NEQM （NFC based equipment qualification management） system works with the support of legacy systems such as PMS （procurement management system） and FMS （facility management system）.展开更多
The hydrophilicity, dispersity and minuteness of UV (ultraviolet)-photochromic special function materials and its retention and formation mechanisms in stock were comprehensively studied, and the retention mechanism o...The hydrophilicity, dispersity and minuteness of UV (ultraviolet)-photochromic special function materials and its retention and formation mechanisms in stock were comprehensively studied, and the retention mechanism of UV-photochromic fiber was also studied. In addition, according to the disadvantages of special function materials such as big grain, bad hydrophilicity, expensive price and so on, this paper displays our effects focused on the developing of anti-counterfeit pigments slurry system. Moreover, the properties and anti-counterfeit mechanism of the paper with different special function materials were researched by fluorescent spectrum.展开更多
Since the news of Wang Hai’s victorious compensation claim for"anti-counterfeiting through knowingly buying counterfeits"spread across China in the 1990s,many individuals engaging in similar actions have em...Since the news of Wang Hai’s victorious compensation claim for"anti-counterfeiting through knowingly buying counterfeits"spread across China in the 1990s,many individuals engaging in similar actions have emerged in various market sectors.The academic community remains divided on how to characterize this behavior,and lawsuits resulting from such actions are frequent.By searching for"knowingly buying counterfeits"on China Judgments Online,1,885 related civil judgments are found from January 1,2018,to January 5,2024,showing a declining trend in the number of judgments over this period.Although this trend may partly be due to a decrease in the rate of judgment disclosures on the website,the persistence of hundreds of related cases annually over the past two decades indicates that the legal issues surrounding knowingly buying counterfeits are still worth studying in China’s market economy.This paper will analyze the legitimacy of such actions by discussing the concepts of knowingly buying counterfeits and punitive damages,using typical cases and judicial rules in China as references.展开更多
Wenhao Wang and colleagues summarized the latest advancements in structural color research in Opto-Electronic Science. Their review explored the fundamental principles and fabrication methods of structural colors for ...Wenhao Wang and colleagues summarized the latest advancements in structural color research in Opto-Electronic Science. Their review explored the fundamental principles and fabrication methods of structural colors for photonic applications, including anti-counterfeiting, displays, sensors, and printing, along with their practical limitations. Recently, structural colors have received growing interest due to their advantages, including physical and chemical robustness, ecofriendliness, tunability, and high-resolution color.展开更多
文摘Counterfeiting is one of the most serious problems in the consumer market. One promising approach for anti-counterfeiting is to attach a low-cost Radio-frequency Identification (RFID) tag to the product authentication. In this paper, we propose an RFID system for detecting counterfeiting products. This RFID system consists of the tag authentication protocol and the database correction protocol. We use the tag authentication protocol for authenticating tags without revealing their sensitive information. This protocol also allows the customer to freely inquire the tag. To prevent the widespread of the counterfeit products, we use the tag status information along with tag identity information. Meanwhile, the database correction protocol guarantees the correctness of the tag status. Our anti-counterfeiting system is the first work considering the seller who plays an important role in the consumer product supply chain. Finally, we show that anti-counterfeiting system is quite secure against counterfeiting and the tag authentication protocol is lightweight enough to be implemented in RFID-based applications.
基金Project(51874129)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2018JJ3115,2019JJ60049)supported by the Science Foundation of Hunan Province,ChinaProjects(19B153,19B158)supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department,China。
文摘Novel hydrophilic NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+@NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+double-jacket microtubes(DJMTs)with upconversion/downconversion dual-mode luminescence were designed and prepared through epitaxial growth of NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+shell onto the NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+microtube via poly(acrylic acid)(PAA)mediated hydrothermal method.It is demonstrated that PAA ligand played an important role in guiding the direct growth of NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+shell onto the surface of NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+parent microtubes.The growth of NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+shell experienced a crystal phase transition fromβ-NaGdF4 andβ-NaYF4 mixture toβ-NaYF4@NaGdF4 composite crystal,and morphology evolution from mixture ofβ-NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+nanorods andβ-NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+microtubes to NaYF4:Yb^3+,Tm^3+@NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+DJMTs.The formation mechanism of DJMTs was the dissolution−renucleation ofβ-NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+nanorods and the growth ofβ-NaGdF4:Ce^3+,Eu^3+shell via the classical Ostwald ripening mechanism.The as-prepared DJMTs could exhibit blue upconversion and red downconversion luminescence,which was further made into environmentally benign luminescent inks for creating highly secured and fluorescent-based anti-counterfeiting patterns via inkjet printing.
基金Project supported by the Chinese Ministry of Education (208005)Young Scientist Backbone of Heilongjiang Common Higher University (1154G03)
文摘A benzoic acid rare earth(Tb) complex was synthesized and characterized.The excitation and emission spectra of the complex were investigated,and then pure organic complex was incorporated with inorganic matrices(SiO2) through sol-gel method.The composition and structure of the hybrid complex was characterized through the IR spectra,TG,TEM and fluorescent spectrometer.Furthermore,the polypropylene(PP) fluorescent fiber with the organic-inorganic hybrid was prepared by melt spinning.The fluorescent and mechanical properties of the fiber were also tested.The results showed that after sol-gel coating the average particulate dimension of the hybrid rare earth complex was less than 100 nm and thermal stability was improved.Meanwhile,the fiber possessed excellent fluorescent and mechanical properties,which could be used as a candidate applied to excellent fluorescent anti-counterfeiting fiber.
基金the financial support from the Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. YJKYYQ20170009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Nos. 21722603 and 21871083)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission
文摘Pure organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have been attracting much attention recently. Herein, we report a facile approach combining heavy atom effect and external solvent stimuli to realize RTP. N-Allylquinolinium bromide under 365 nm UV exhibited intense green RTP emission with response upon adding chloroform. This interesting phenomenon endowed N-allylquinolinium bromide great potential as an anti-counterfeiting material.
文摘Pharmaceutical counterfeiting is a health scourge responsible for several cases of morbidity and mortality. Counterfeit medicines cause therapeutic failure, emergence of resistance in the treatment of infections. This study was conducted in order to identify counterfeit and authentic medicines in circulation in Lubumbashi. The study included artemether and artesunate for oral administration. A careful visual inspection of medicine, investigation of authenticity of pharmaceutical products from manufacturers and pharmaceutical regulatory authorities and determination of content were used as study parameters. 52 samples: 37 artemether and 15 of artésunate were collected. 7 samples (13%) have proven to be counterfeit. Artemether was the most counterfeit (71%) and 29% for artesunate. 6 (12%) samples were substandard according to the international pharmacopoeia in terms of content of active ingredient. Sixty-seven percent of non-compliance concerned counterfeit medicines. The proportion of non-compliance is highest among counterfeit medicines (71.43% vs 2.22%;p = 0.000004). It is obvious that strengthening the capacity of the drug regulatory authority of the DRC reduces the influx of counterfeit drug and substandard.
文摘Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In this study in vitro dissolution tests were conducted on two sets of counterfeit medicines containing PDE-5 inhibitors （sildenafil citrate and tadalafil）. The dissolution profiles were statistically compared to the ones of the genuine products using the f2-method and a comparison at each time point using the Cochran test. The results showed low equivalences between counterfeit and genuine products as well as higher variations around the mean dissolution value at the different time points for the counterfeit products.
文摘In an effort to promote the availability of safe and effective drugs, the US Food and Drug Administration is developing spectroscopic methods to assess the quality of drugs in the field. Here we report a rapid screening classification method for Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) capsules using a portable Raman spectrometer to perform screening on three solid oral dosage strengths of Tamiflu, 30 mg, 45 mg and 75 mg. Tamiflu is an antiviral drug that is stockpiled for use in the event of pandemic influenza outbreak. The qualitative classification methods reported were developed using the Raman spectra of intact capsules. The classification algorithms used were able to reliably distinguish the three dosage strengths of Tamiflu. These qualitative models are validated with additional Tamiflu samples from different batches and simulated counterfeits of Tamiflu. The probability that a test sample belongs to each dosage strength class is calculated, and strict class predictions are used to assign each sample to a particular class. The classification methods reported here enable development of user-independent, field-deployable methods for finished drug products and are able to correctly assign 92% of the validation samples using authentic Tamiflu and 100% of the simulated counterfeits.
文摘February-15,virtual ITU is organizing a series of webinars on Combating counterfeiting and stolen information and communications technology(ICT)devices.The Episode 1:"Existing challenges and solutions on combating counterfeiting of ICT devices",will take place fully virtually on 15 February 2023.
文摘Direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is shown to provide an efficient tech- nique for the investigation of polar composition of forensic tablets for male erectile dysfunction. ESI-MS fingerprinting of 41 commercial sildenafil samples (Viagra?, Cialis?, Lazar?, Libiden?, , Maxfil?, , Plenovit?, Potent 75?, Rigix?, V-50?, Vimax?, Pramil 75? and Pramil?) and 56 counterfeit samples (Viagra and Cialis) were obtained. The spectra for the authentic Viagra? tablets showed abundant ions exclusively corresponding to the sildenafil (SLD) molecule: [SLD + H]+ of m/z 475;[SLD + Na]+ of m/z 497;and [2SLD + H]+ of m/z 949. The spectra for com-mercial sildenafil samples also showed predominat SLD ions. Tablets of authentic Cialis? showed mainly ions of m/z 343, 365 and 707 from the lactose molecule (the excipient);as well as a minor ion of m/z 390 corresponding to the active ingredient tadalafil (TAD) in its protonated form [TAD + H]+. For counterfeit Cialis samples, how-ever, normally TAD ions of much high abundances was observed, together with ions corresponding to sildenafil analogues such as those of m/z 489 (homosildenafil) and 505 (hydroxyhomosildenafil). Principal component analysis was applied to ESI-MS fingerprint data, placing samples according to their contents of active ingredients hence authentic and counterfeit samples are easily recognized.
文摘Qualification of equipment essential to safety in NPPs （nuclear power plants） ensures its capability to perform designated safety functions on demand under postulated service conditions. However, a number of incidents identified by the NRC （Nuclear Regulatory Commission） since 1980s catalysed the US nuclear industry to adopt standard precautions to guard against counterfeit items. The purpose of this paper is to suggest the NFC （near field communication） based equipment qualification management system preventing counterfeit and fraudulent items. The NEQM （NFC based equipment qualification management） system works with the support of legacy systems such as PMS （procurement management system） and FMS （facility management system）.
文摘The hydrophilicity, dispersity and minuteness of UV (ultraviolet)-photochromic special function materials and its retention and formation mechanisms in stock were comprehensively studied, and the retention mechanism of UV-photochromic fiber was also studied. In addition, according to the disadvantages of special function materials such as big grain, bad hydrophilicity, expensive price and so on, this paper displays our effects focused on the developing of anti-counterfeit pigments slurry system. Moreover, the properties and anti-counterfeit mechanism of the paper with different special function materials were researched by fluorescent spectrum.
文摘Since the news of Wang Hai’s victorious compensation claim for"anti-counterfeiting through knowingly buying counterfeits"spread across China in the 1990s,many individuals engaging in similar actions have emerged in various market sectors.The academic community remains divided on how to characterize this behavior,and lawsuits resulting from such actions are frequent.By searching for"knowingly buying counterfeits"on China Judgments Online,1,885 related civil judgments are found from January 1,2018,to January 5,2024,showing a declining trend in the number of judgments over this period.Although this trend may partly be due to a decrease in the rate of judgment disclosures on the website,the persistence of hundreds of related cases annually over the past two decades indicates that the legal issues surrounding knowingly buying counterfeits are still worth studying in China’s market economy.This paper will analyze the legitimacy of such actions by discussing the concepts of knowingly buying counterfeits and punitive damages,using typical cases and judicial rules in China as references.
基金supported by the POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center program funded by POSCOthe National Research Foundation(NRF)grants(RS-2022-NR067559,RS-2023-00302586)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)of the Korean government.
文摘Wenhao Wang and colleagues summarized the latest advancements in structural color research in Opto-Electronic Science. Their review explored the fundamental principles and fabrication methods of structural colors for photonic applications, including anti-counterfeiting, displays, sensors, and printing, along with their practical limitations. Recently, structural colors have received growing interest due to their advantages, including physical and chemical robustness, ecofriendliness, tunability, and high-resolution color.
