Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is a globally important crop that is often damaged by pests and diseases.Current cotton pests and diseases management is dependent on chemical pesticides.Although chemical pesticides are u...Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is a globally important crop that is often damaged by pests and diseases.Current cotton pests and diseases management is dependent on chemical pesticides.Although chemical pesticides are usually effective,long-term application of these pesticides often leads to increased insecticide resistance in the pests,fewer natural enemies,reduced natural control,and a degraded environment.Because of increased environmental awareness and the need for sustainable cotton production,the control of cotton pests and diseases using biological means like intercropping is increasingly receiving attention.Intercropping of cotton with other crops can often boost the total yield and output of the intercropping system and provide significant economic benefits without sacrificing cotton quality.Intercropping also increases the number of natural enemies,and reduces the occurrence of cotton pests and diseases by altering the ecological structure and environmental conditions in the fields.Cotton-based intercropping is an effective strategy to reduce the competition between cotton and grain or other economic crops for arable land.It is also an important way to increase the populations of natural enemies in cotton fields for the management of pests and diseases.However,inappropriate intercropping can also increase labor requirements and even result in inadequate control of pests and diseases.This review focuses on the performance and the mechanisms of intercropping for reducing cotton pests and disease as well as on the effective management of intercropping systems.The risks and limitations,as well as the study approaches needed and the prospects of intercropping for the control of cotton pests and diseases,are also discussed.This information is intended to aid researchers and growers in designing economically viable and ecologically friendly pest and disease management strategies that will reduce the use of chemicals and the cost of cotton production.展开更多
Conventional Al-air battery has many disadvantages for miniwatt applications,such as the complex water management,bulky electrolyte storage and potential leakage hazard.Moreover,the self-corrosion of Al anode continue...Conventional Al-air battery has many disadvantages for miniwatt applications,such as the complex water management,bulky electrolyte storage and potential leakage hazard.Moreover,the self-corrosion of Al anode continues even when the electrolyte flow is stopped,leading to great Al waste.To tackle these issues,an innovative cotton-based aluminum-air battery is developed in this study.Instead of flowing alkaline solution,cotton substrate pre-deposited with solid alkaline is used,together with a small water reservoir to continuously wet the cotton and dissolve the alkaline in-situ.In this manner,the battery can be mechanically recharged by replacing the cotton substrate and refilling the water reservoir,while the thick aluminum anode can be reused for tens of times until complete consumption.The cotton substrate shows excellent ability for the storage and transportation of alkaline electrolyte,leading to a high peak power density of 73 mW cm^(-2) and a high specific energy of 930 mW h g^(-1).Moreover,the battery discharge capacity is found to be linear to the loading of pre-deposited alkaline,so that it can be precisely controlled according to the mission profile to avoid Al waste.Finally,a two-cell battery pack with common water reservoir is developed,which can provide a voltage of 2.7 V and a power output of 223.8 mW.With further scaling-up and stacking,this cotton-based Al-air battery system with low cost and high energy density is very promising for recharging miniwatt electronics in the outdoor environment.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD1001002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771718 and 31801307)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-15-15).
文摘Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)is a globally important crop that is often damaged by pests and diseases.Current cotton pests and diseases management is dependent on chemical pesticides.Although chemical pesticides are usually effective,long-term application of these pesticides often leads to increased insecticide resistance in the pests,fewer natural enemies,reduced natural control,and a degraded environment.Because of increased environmental awareness and the need for sustainable cotton production,the control of cotton pests and diseases using biological means like intercropping is increasingly receiving attention.Intercropping of cotton with other crops can often boost the total yield and output of the intercropping system and provide significant economic benefits without sacrificing cotton quality.Intercropping also increases the number of natural enemies,and reduces the occurrence of cotton pests and diseases by altering the ecological structure and environmental conditions in the fields.Cotton-based intercropping is an effective strategy to reduce the competition between cotton and grain or other economic crops for arable land.It is also an important way to increase the populations of natural enemies in cotton fields for the management of pests and diseases.However,inappropriate intercropping can also increase labor requirements and even result in inadequate control of pests and diseases.This review focuses on the performance and the mechanisms of intercropping for reducing cotton pests and disease as well as on the effective management of intercropping systems.The risks and limitations,as well as the study approaches needed and the prospects of intercropping for the control of cotton pests and diseases,are also discussed.This information is intended to aid researchers and growers in designing economically viable and ecologically friendly pest and disease management strategies that will reduce the use of chemicals and the cost of cotton production.
基金the SZSTI of Shenzhen Municipal Government (JCYJ20170818141758464)the CRCG grant of the University of Hong Kong (201910160008)for providing funding support to the project.
文摘Conventional Al-air battery has many disadvantages for miniwatt applications,such as the complex water management,bulky electrolyte storage and potential leakage hazard.Moreover,the self-corrosion of Al anode continues even when the electrolyte flow is stopped,leading to great Al waste.To tackle these issues,an innovative cotton-based aluminum-air battery is developed in this study.Instead of flowing alkaline solution,cotton substrate pre-deposited with solid alkaline is used,together with a small water reservoir to continuously wet the cotton and dissolve the alkaline in-situ.In this manner,the battery can be mechanically recharged by replacing the cotton substrate and refilling the water reservoir,while the thick aluminum anode can be reused for tens of times until complete consumption.The cotton substrate shows excellent ability for the storage and transportation of alkaline electrolyte,leading to a high peak power density of 73 mW cm^(-2) and a high specific energy of 930 mW h g^(-1).Moreover,the battery discharge capacity is found to be linear to the loading of pre-deposited alkaline,so that it can be precisely controlled according to the mission profile to avoid Al waste.Finally,a two-cell battery pack with common water reservoir is developed,which can provide a voltage of 2.7 V and a power output of 223.8 mW.With further scaling-up and stacking,this cotton-based Al-air battery system with low cost and high energy density is very promising for recharging miniwatt electronics in the outdoor environment.
