Aim To differentiate the genuine cassia bark from its substitutes and adulterants. Methods Six components, phenylpropyl acetate, cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, and cinnamic acid were use...Aim To differentiate the genuine cassia bark from its substitutes and adulterants. Methods Six components, phenylpropyl acetate, cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, and cinnamic acid were used as characteristic markers, and an optimized TLC method was developed. Results The TLC profile of cassia bark is similar to its closely related variety Cinnamomum cassia Presl var. macrophyllum Chu but significantly different from other six Cinnamomum species. High content of phenylpropyl acet...展开更多
AIM： To clarify the mechanism underlying the antidiabetic activities of cortex cinnamomi extract （CCE）. METHODS： To induce in vivo diabetes, mice were injected with streptozotocin （STZ） via a tail vein （100 mg ...AIM： To clarify the mechanism underlying the antidiabetic activities of cortex cinnamomi extract （CCE）. METHODS： To induce in vivo diabetes, mice were injected with streptozotocin （STZ） via a tail vein （100 mg STZ/kg body weight）. To determine the effects of CCE, mice were administered CCE twice daily for 7 d by oral gavage starting 1 wk before the STZ injection. Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration were measured as an index of diabetes. Also, to induce cytotoxicity of RINm5F cells, we treated with cytokines （IL-1β （2.0 ng/mL） and IFN-γ （100 U/mL））. Cell viability and nitric oxide production were measured colorimetrically. Inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） mRNA and protein expression were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The activation of NF-κβ was assayed by using gel mobility shift assays of nuclear extracts. RESULTS： Treatment of mice with STZ resulted in hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, which was further evidenced by immunohistochemical staining of islets. However, the diabetogenic effects of STZ were completely prevented when mice were pretreated with CCE. The inhibitory effect of CCE on STZ-induced hyperglycemia was mediated through the suppression of iNOS expression. In rat insulinoma RINm5F cells,CCE completely protected against interleukin-1β and interferon-y-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, RINm5F cells incubated with CCE showed significant reductions in interleukin-1β and interferon-y-induced nitric oxide production and in iNOS mRNA and protein expression, and these findings correlated well with in vivo observations. CONCLUSION： The molecular mechanism by which CCE inhibits iNOS gene expression appears to involve the inhibition of NF-κβ activation, These results reveal the possible therapeutic value of CCE for the prevention of diabetes mellitus progression,展开更多
In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl al...In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde） in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus. The levels of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus were compared using this method. A total of 48 samples （27 Cinnamomi Cortex and 21 Cinnamomi Ramulus） were purchased in China and analyzed. Quantities of seven phenylpropanoid compounds ranged from 17.5 to 61.6 mg/g in Cinnamomi Cortex and ranged from 9.91 to 23.4 mg/g in Ciunamomi Ramulus. The level of 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in the Cinnamomi Cortex samples was below the LOD, whereas it ranged from 0 to 0.119 mg/g in the Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. The （cinnamyl alcohol＋cinnamic acid）/cinnamaldehyde ratios （R346） of Ciunamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0467 and 0.0598 to 0.182, respectively. This ratio could be used to discriminate Cinnamomi Cortex （〈0.05） and Cinnamomi Ramulus （〉0.05）. The extraction rates （Dn） of seven compounds in boiling water were different, with the lowest dissolution for cinnamaldehyde （〈3%） and the highest for cinnamic acid （about 60%）.展开更多
Cinnamomi Cortex(Rougui)has a lot of functions,including dissipating cold,relieving pain,benefiting joints,tonifying fire and assisting yang,warming blood vessels,dispersing abscesses and nodules and vaporizing fluid ...Cinnamomi Cortex(Rougui)has a lot of functions,including dissipating cold,relieving pain,benefiting joints,tonifying fire and assisting yang,warming blood vessels,dispersing abscesses and nodules and vaporizing fluid and humor.Among all functions,the wonderful use of Cinnamomi Cortex is in conducting the fire back to the origin.It can conduct the fire of triple energizers,which is not possessed by other drugs and is unique to Cinnamomi Cortex.Through observations and practices of some special medical records,it is found that the fire conducting of Cinnamomi Cortex can play a key and decisive role.展开更多
目的基于“病-药-量”分析中医古籍含延胡索复方用药规律,为临床运用及研发提供依据。方法从《中华医典》收集含延胡索复方,通过频次统计、关联规则及聚类分析解析配伍规律与剂量特征。基中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Ch...目的基于“病-药-量”分析中医古籍含延胡索复方用药规律,为临床运用及研发提供依据。方法从《中华医典》收集含延胡索复方,通过频次统计、关联规则及聚类分析解析配伍规律与剂量特征。基中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)筛选延胡索活性成分及靶点,联合CTD、Drugbank等数据库获取疾病靶标,利用Cytoscape构建药效网络,经STRING建立蛋白质互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,通过Metascape进行基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)功能注释和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析。通过AutoDock Vina进行分子对接验证结合特性,SwissADME评估类药性,Pro-Tox 3.0预测毒性等级,GROMACS完成分子动力学模拟验证稳定性。结果共收集716首复方,主治133种病症。高频病症用药分析显示,治疗“月经不调”时,剂型多为丸剂,延胡索用量多为41.31 g,核心药物配伍为当归、川芎、肉桂;治疗“疝气”时,剂型多为丸剂,延胡索用量多为37.3 g,核心药物配伍为木香、八角茴香;治疗“闭经”时,剂型多为散剂,延胡索用量多为41.31 g,核心药物配伍为丁香、当归。网络药理学鉴定延胡索活性成分与月经不调有197个交集靶点,PPI拓扑分析识别出10个关键靶点。GO分析显示靶点富集于蛋白质结合功能,KEGG分析提示参与肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)通路等生物过程。分子对接与动力学模拟证实活性成分槲皮素、隐品碱、小檗碱、荷包牡丹碱与核心靶点CASP3、BCL2、TNF、IL-6具有高亲和力,且类药性良好、毒性较低。结论含延胡索复方主要用于月经不调类病症,高频配伍药物为当归、川芎、肉桂等温通活血类中药。网络药理学及计算机模拟证实,槲皮素、隐品碱、小檗碱等核心成分通过BCL2、TNF、CASP3、IL-6等靶点改善月经不调。展开更多
目的通过对药食同源中药肉桂Cinnamomi Cortex的相关文献进行分析,探析肉桂研究领域的现状和发展态势,为进一步的研究和开发利用提供参考。方法以中国知网(CNKI)与Web of Science(WOS)国内外数据库为数据源,应用VOSviewer(1.6.19)、Cite...目的通过对药食同源中药肉桂Cinnamomi Cortex的相关文献进行分析,探析肉桂研究领域的现状和发展态势,为进一步的研究和开发利用提供参考。方法以中国知网(CNKI)与Web of Science(WOS)国内外数据库为数据源,应用VOSviewer(1.6.19)、CiteSpace(6.1.6)、Excel 2019软件分别对肉桂中英文文献的整体产出、研究主体及合作网络、高被引文献、关键词等进行分析。结果共纳入文献6485篇,其中中文文献3604篇,英文文献2881篇。肉桂的年发文量总体呈现增长趋势;研究机构以广西大学和中国科学院为代表;收录文献最多的中英文期刊分别是《中草药》和Journalof Ethnopharmacology;中英文关键词显示,肉桂的研究热点集中于活性成分、药理作用、临床应用等。结论肉桂研究仍处于上升期,今后学者应结合经典名方和现代分析技术,加强对肉桂油等有效成分,特别是基于肉桂传统功效的作用机制、物质基础的科学内涵研究,以提供新的研究思路,推动肉桂药食同源产品的发展。此外,相关领域的专家团队要加强多方面的合作,进行多元化发展和拓展,推动肉桂这一药食同源中药材的国际化。展开更多
文摘Aim To differentiate the genuine cassia bark from its substitutes and adulterants. Methods Six components, phenylpropyl acetate, cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, coumarin, and cinnamic acid were used as characteristic markers, and an optimized TLC method was developed. Results The TLC profile of cassia bark is similar to its closely related variety Cinnamomum cassia Presl var. macrophyllum Chu but significantly different from other six Cinnamomum species. High content of phenylpropyl acet...
基金Supported by the Regional Research Center Program of the Korean Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development through the Center for Healthcare Technology Development
文摘AIM： To clarify the mechanism underlying the antidiabetic activities of cortex cinnamomi extract （CCE）. METHODS： To induce in vivo diabetes, mice were injected with streptozotocin （STZ） via a tail vein （100 mg STZ/kg body weight）. To determine the effects of CCE, mice were administered CCE twice daily for 7 d by oral gavage starting 1 wk before the STZ injection. Blood glucose and plasma insulin concentration were measured as an index of diabetes. Also, to induce cytotoxicity of RINm5F cells, we treated with cytokines （IL-1β （2.0 ng/mL） and IFN-γ （100 U/mL））. Cell viability and nitric oxide production were measured colorimetrically. Inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） mRNA and protein expression were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The activation of NF-κβ was assayed by using gel mobility shift assays of nuclear extracts. RESULTS： Treatment of mice with STZ resulted in hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia, which was further evidenced by immunohistochemical staining of islets. However, the diabetogenic effects of STZ were completely prevented when mice were pretreated with CCE. The inhibitory effect of CCE on STZ-induced hyperglycemia was mediated through the suppression of iNOS expression. In rat insulinoma RINm5F cells,CCE completely protected against interleukin-1β and interferon-y-mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, RINm5F cells incubated with CCE showed significant reductions in interleukin-1β and interferon-y-induced nitric oxide production and in iNOS mRNA and protein expression, and these findings correlated well with in vivo observations. CONCLUSION： The molecular mechanism by which CCE inhibits iNOS gene expression appears to involve the inhibition of NF-κβ activation, These results reveal the possible therapeutic value of CCE for the prevention of diabetes mellitus progression,
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30873416)
文摘In the present study, we developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of seven phenylpropanoid compounds （2-hydroxyl cinnamaldehyde, coumarin, cinnamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, 2-methoxy cinnamic acid, cinnamaldehyde and 2-methoxy cinnamaldehyde） in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus. The levels of seven phenylpropanoid compounds in Cinnamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus were compared using this method. A total of 48 samples （27 Cinnamomi Cortex and 21 Cinnamomi Ramulus） were purchased in China and analyzed. Quantities of seven phenylpropanoid compounds ranged from 17.5 to 61.6 mg/g in Cinnamomi Cortex and ranged from 9.91 to 23.4 mg/g in Ciunamomi Ramulus. The level of 2-methoxy cinnamic acid in the Cinnamomi Cortex samples was below the LOD, whereas it ranged from 0 to 0.119 mg/g in the Cinnamomi Ramulus samples. The （cinnamyl alcohol＋cinnamic acid）/cinnamaldehyde ratios （R346） of Ciunamomi Cortex and Cinnamomi Ramulus ranged from 0.0121 to 0.0467 and 0.0598 to 0.182, respectively. This ratio could be used to discriminate Cinnamomi Cortex （〈0.05） and Cinnamomi Ramulus （〉0.05）. The extraction rates （Dn） of seven compounds in boiling water were different, with the lowest dissolution for cinnamaldehyde （〈3%） and the highest for cinnamic acid （about 60%）.
基金Project of Inheritance and Instruction Studio for Zhou Junhuai,an Old Chinese Medicine Expert at the Grassroots Level in Hainan Province。
文摘Cinnamomi Cortex(Rougui)has a lot of functions,including dissipating cold,relieving pain,benefiting joints,tonifying fire and assisting yang,warming blood vessels,dispersing abscesses and nodules and vaporizing fluid and humor.Among all functions,the wonderful use of Cinnamomi Cortex is in conducting the fire back to the origin.It can conduct the fire of triple energizers,which is not possessed by other drugs and is unique to Cinnamomi Cortex.Through observations and practices of some special medical records,it is found that the fire conducting of Cinnamomi Cortex can play a key and decisive role.
文摘目的基于“病-药-量”分析中医古籍含延胡索复方用药规律,为临床运用及研发提供依据。方法从《中华医典》收集含延胡索复方,通过频次统计、关联规则及聚类分析解析配伍规律与剂量特征。基中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,TCMSP)筛选延胡索活性成分及靶点,联合CTD、Drugbank等数据库获取疾病靶标,利用Cytoscape构建药效网络,经STRING建立蛋白质互作(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络,通过Metascape进行基因本体论(gene ontology,GO)功能注释和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析。通过AutoDock Vina进行分子对接验证结合特性,SwissADME评估类药性,Pro-Tox 3.0预测毒性等级,GROMACS完成分子动力学模拟验证稳定性。结果共收集716首复方,主治133种病症。高频病症用药分析显示,治疗“月经不调”时,剂型多为丸剂,延胡索用量多为41.31 g,核心药物配伍为当归、川芎、肉桂;治疗“疝气”时,剂型多为丸剂,延胡索用量多为37.3 g,核心药物配伍为木香、八角茴香;治疗“闭经”时,剂型多为散剂,延胡索用量多为41.31 g,核心药物配伍为丁香、当归。网络药理学鉴定延胡索活性成分与月经不调有197个交集靶点,PPI拓扑分析识别出10个关键靶点。GO分析显示靶点富集于蛋白质结合功能,KEGG分析提示参与肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)通路等生物过程。分子对接与动力学模拟证实活性成分槲皮素、隐品碱、小檗碱、荷包牡丹碱与核心靶点CASP3、BCL2、TNF、IL-6具有高亲和力,且类药性良好、毒性较低。结论含延胡索复方主要用于月经不调类病症,高频配伍药物为当归、川芎、肉桂等温通活血类中药。网络药理学及计算机模拟证实,槲皮素、隐品碱、小檗碱等核心成分通过BCL2、TNF、CASP3、IL-6等靶点改善月经不调。
