The synthesis method of propargylamines has always been the focus of research in organic synthetic methodology.A method of alkynylation of tertiary aliphatic amines with alkynes in the presence of copper doped zeolite...The synthesis method of propargylamines has always been the focus of research in organic synthetic methodology.A method of alkynylation of tertiary aliphatic amines with alkynes in the presence of copper doped zeolite Y as a catalyst and oxygen in the air as an oxidant has been developed.The most important feature of this reaction is that copper molecular siolite is used as catalyst,which avoids the intermolecular self-coupling of alkynes,and thus realizes the high efficiency propargylization of alkyl tertiary amines.展开更多
The present work provides a facile and efficient method for producing ultrafine copper powders.Ultrafine copper powders were synthesized through a solvothermal method,utilizing ethanol both as a solvent and a reducing...The present work provides a facile and efficient method for producing ultrafine copper powders.Ultrafine copper powders were synthesized through a solvothermal method,utilizing ethanol both as a solvent and a reducing agent.Specifically,by exploiting the weak reducing property of ethanol,the copper precursor is first converted to copper oxide and then further reduced to cuprous oxide and pure copper.Such a method can effectively control the morphology and particle size of the copper powder,reduce particle aggregation,and enhance oxidation resistance.It is cost-effective and produces fewer toxic by-products.Spherical copper particles with an average particle size of about 180 nm were obtained.The initial oxidation temperature is approximately 150℃,and the resulting copper powders can be stored stably under ambient conditions for at least 5 months,demonstrating excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability.展开更多
A series of new chiral amide ligands were prepared from natural amino acids and applied to the copper-catalyzed asymmetric oxidative homocoupling reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoates.By optimizing the reaction conditio...A series of new chiral amide ligands were prepared from natural amino acids and applied to the copper-catalyzed asymmetric oxidative homocoupling reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoates.By optimizing the reaction conditions,it was found that when using L3(5 mol%)as the ligand,CuCl(5 mol%)as the catalyst,dichloromethane as the solvent,2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl(TEMPO)/O2 as the oxidant,and under the reaction condition of 40℃,this method exhibited good substrate tolerance.Under these conditions,a series of chiral 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol(BINOL)derivatives were synthesized with yields of 45%~90%and enantioselectivities ranging from 50∶50 to 97∶3.展开更多
In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics...In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics.Given copper's extensive industrial applications,sustainable recovery from low-grade ores is critical.Five key parameters-acid concentration,leaching time,particle size,temperature,and solids percentage-were identified as major influences on copper recovery.The results revealed that leaching time and solids percentage,along with interactions between temperature-time and temperature-solids percentage,had the most significant effects.Optimal conditions for 80% copper recovery while minimizing iron recovery below 3% included an acid concentration of 1.21 mol L^(-1),a leaching time of 108 min,a particle size of 438μm,a temperature of 45℃,and a solids percentage of 18.2%.Leaching kinetics were analyzed using shrinking core models,with the Dickinson model best describing the process,showing an activation energy of 32.63 kJ mol^(-1),indicative of mixed diffusion and chemical reaction control.The final kinetic model effectively predicted the influence of key parameters.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing process variables and selecting suitable kinetic models to enhance extraction efficiency,reduce costs,and improve sustainability in copper recovery.展开更多
The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals,where electron tran...The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals,where electron transfer at the electrode produces catalysts with more valence states.Among these transition metal catalysts,electrochemical conversions catalyzed by inexpensive copper metals have received considerable attention.This article systematically investigated this field and reviewed the electrochemical copper catalytic methods applied in organic synthesis from the different activation modes of substrates,which can be broadly classified into the functionalization of C=C bonds,C-H bond activation,C-C and C-X bond activation,and so on.展开更多
Copper ions are essential for cellular function but can induce cytotoxic effects when dysregulated.This review explores the multifaceted role of copper in cancer metabolism with a focus on the novel concept of cupropt...Copper ions are essential for cellular function but can induce cytotoxic effects when dysregulated.This review explores the multifaceted role of copper in cancer metabolism with a focus on the novel concept of cuproptosis,a regulated form of cell death triggered by copper accumulation.The mechanisms underlying copper homeostasis are detailed,including dietary absorption,systemic distribution,and intracellular utilization.Key transporters,such as copper transporter 1(CTR1)and ATPase copper transporting alpha/b(ATP7A/B),are highlighted.Cancer cells often exhibit elevated copper levels,supporting proliferation and metastasis through pro-tumorigenic pathways.Recent studies have shown that disrupting copper homeostasis can induce cuproptosis,which is characterized by the aggregation of lipoylated mitochondrial proteins and disruption of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis.Advances in copper-based nanotechnology have enabled targeted delivery of copper to tumors,enhancing therapeutic efficacy through synergistic effects with reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and immunomodulation.However,the hypoxic tumor microenvironment poses significant challenges by upregulating copper-sequestering proteins and downregulating key cuproptosis mediators.Future directions include integrating multi-omics approaches to identify novel therapeutic targets and developing combination therapies to overcome hypoxia-induced resistance.This review provides a comprehensive overview of copper metabolism in cancer,emphasizing the potential of cuproptosis induction as a powerful strategy for oncologic intervention.展开更多
Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and s...Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).展开更多
A series of leaching and electrochemical experiments were conducted to elucidate the critical role of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)in copper-driven reduction of chalcopyrite.Results demonstrate that in the absence of H_(2)...A series of leaching and electrochemical experiments were conducted to elucidate the critical role of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)in copper-driven reduction of chalcopyrite.Results demonstrate that in the absence of H_(2)S,metallic copper converts chalcopyrite into bornite(Cu_(5)FeS_(4)).However,the introduction of H_(2)S promotes the formation of chalcocite(Cu_(2)S)by altering the oxidation pathway of copper.Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the presence of H₂S significantly reduces the corrosion potential of copper from 0.251 to−0.223 V(vs SHE),reaching the threshold necessary for the formation of Cu_(2)S.Nevertheless,excessive H_(2)S triggers sulfate reduction via the reaction of 8Cu+H_(2)SO_(4)+3H_(2)S=4Cu_(2)S+4H_(2)O(ΔG=−519.429 kJ/mol at 50℃),leading to inefficient copper utilization.展开更多
Copper is a trace element that plays an important role in neuronal development,maturation,and function.It also acts as a cofactor for various coppe r-binding proteins or serves as an active component of their structur...Copper is a trace element that plays an important role in neuronal development,maturation,and function.It also acts as a cofactor for various coppe r-binding proteins or serves as an active component of their structure.Acquired copper deficiency has been associated with numerous neurological diseases.Recent research has demonstrated that serum copper concentrations are elevated following spinal cord injury,similar to the elevated copper levels observed after ischemic insult in a rat model of myocardial infa rction.This suggests that spinal cord damage may impair the effective utilization of copper due to local ischemia following spinal cord injury.Studies have shown that copper supplementation may form part of a therapeutic strategy for patients with spinal cord injury.It has been repo rted to promote T-cell diffe rentiation and prolife ration,reduce malondialdehyde levels,decrease myeloperoxidase activity and apoptotic cell numbers,and enhance supe roxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels.Additionally,copper supplementation may stimulate the transc riptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor and restore angiogenic capacity,thereby increasing capillary density.Furthermore,researchers have found that dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase,an enzyme involved in inducing cuproptosis,can influence the immune microenvironment of spinal cord injury by promoting copper toxicity.This leads to increased peripheral M2 macrophage polarization and systemic immunosuppression.This led us to hypothesize that copper may influence three major pathological pathways after spinal co rd injury,inflammation,oxidative stress,and cell death,which are critical targets for therapeutic intervention.On the one hand,copper deficiency can cause spinal cord tissue damage;on the other hand,elevated serum copper may induce copper toxicity,contributing to cell death.Therefo re,in this review,we investigate the possible link between spinal cord injury and copper in the perspective of inflammation,oxidative stress,and cell death.Additionally,we review published studies on copper metabolism and explore potential therapeutic strategies by considering va rious sources and mechanisms of copper delive ry.展开更多
At 82,master craftsman Zhu Bingren,China’s preeminent copper artist,continues to dynamically evolve his ancient heritage,proving that true preservation lies in innovation and bringing tradition into the contemporary ...At 82,master craftsman Zhu Bingren,China’s preeminent copper artist,continues to dynamically evolve his ancient heritage,proving that true preservation lies in innovation and bringing tradition into the contemporary world.THE copper art should not be confined to display cases,believes artist Zhu Bingren.From living rooms to fashion runways,and from the Great Wall in Beijing to the Louvre in Paris,the Chinese master craftsman brings his metal creations to life in diverse settings.展开更多
As the speeds of trains increase,higher demands are placed on brake materials.In order to overcome the thermal degradation phenomenon of brake pads during high-speed braking,we prepared copper fiber reinforced alkali-...As the speeds of trains increase,higher demands are placed on brake materials.In order to overcome the thermal degradation phenomenon of brake pads during high-speed braking,we prepared copper fiber reinforced alkali-activated slag composite(AASC)friction materials by hot-pressing method,using slag as matrix,Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O as alkali excitant,copper fiber as reinforcement,and graphite as friction modifier.The results show that the AASC prepared by hot-pressing method has undergone alkali-activated reaction and has geopolymer amorphous characteristics as the conventional cast molding AASC by XRD analysis.The addition of copper fibers can improve the mechanical strength and toughness of the composites substantially,and the AASC has the highest flexural strength,compressive strength and impact toughness when the volume fraction of copper fibers reaches 25 vol%.Toughening mechanisms such as drawing,bridging and crack deflection of copper fibers in composites were analyzed by SEM morphology.Addition of appropriate amount of graphite to AASC can effectively reduce the wear rate and improve the stability of the material friction coefficient.The coefficient of friction also remains stable in the high-speed friction experiments without thermal degradation.Therefore,copper fiber reinforced AASC friction materials prepared by hot-pressing method has good mechanical and friction properties.展开更多
Metal halides are an important class of optoelectronic materials combining exceptional optical and electronic properties.An inherent advantage of metal halides is their solution synthesis and processability,which rend...Metal halides are an important class of optoelectronic materials combining exceptional optical and electronic properties.An inherent advantage of metal halides is their solution synthesis and processability,which render them as low-cost and environmentally friendly materials for a range of applications from photovoltaics and photodetection to solid-state lighting(SSL).In this study,we synthesized three previously unreported lead-free organic–inorganic hybrid copper halides:(OA)_(4)CuX_(5)(X=Br,I;OA^(+) =C_(8)H_(17)NH_(3)^(+) ,n-octylammonium cation)and(HA)_(2)CuI_(3)(HA^(+) =C_(6)H_(13)NH_(3)^(+) ,n-hexylammonium cation),all of which exhibit broadband emissions arising from self-trapped excitons(STEs).Among these compounds,(OA)_(4)CuI_(5) demonstrates tunable dual-band white-light emission with a high color rendering index value of 91 at room temperature.Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements and first-principles calculations reveal distinct behaviors between the two emission states in(OA)_(4)CuI_(5).These findings highlight the potential of copper halide compounds for optoelectronic applications,particularly in the development of environmentally friendly solid-state lighting technologies.展开更多
The formation of copper deposits is closely related to hydrothermal processes.Understanding the migration of copper in hydrothermal fluids aids in reconstructing mineralization processes and deciphering deposit genesi...The formation of copper deposits is closely related to hydrothermal processes.Understanding the migration of copper in hydrothermal fluids aids in reconstructing mineralization processes and deciphering deposit genesis.Copper primarily exists as Cu^(+)and Cu^(2+)in hydrothermal solutions,with redox conditions governing their interconversion.In chloride-rich geological fluids,Cu-Cl complexes are considered critical for copper transport.However,the specific types and valence transitions of Cu-Cl complexes under varying hydrothermal conditions remain poorly understood.This study employed in situ Raman spectroscopy to systematically analyze Cu+HCl and CuCl_(2)+K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2) systems under saturated vapor pressure at 25-300℃,elucidating the effects of temperature,Cl^(-)concentration,and redox conditions on copper speciation.In the Cu^(+)HCl system,copper dissolved as monovalent Cu-Cl complexes.At high temperatures(>200℃),[CuCl_(2)]^(-)is the dominated species,whereas[CuCl_(3)]^(2-)becomes prevalent at lower temperatures and higher HCl concentrations.For the Cu^(2+)-Cl system,the dominant species transitioned from[Cu(H_(2)O)n]^(2+)(<50℃)to[CuCl_(4)]^(2-)(100℃)and further to[CuCl]^(+)and[CuCl_(2)]^(0) at 300℃.The introduction of reducing agents(K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2))facilitated Cu^(2+)→Cu^(+)reduction,thereby stabilizing Cu^(+)-Cl complexes and inducing partial copper precipitation.The behavior of copper in chloriderich hydrothermal fluids observed in this study indicates that high-temperature oxidizing fluids facilitate Cu mobilization,while cooling and redox changes promote deposition and ore minerals formation.展开更多
It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla we...It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla were investigated,its impact on sulfidation flotation was explored,and the mechanisms involved in both fluoride roasting and sulfidation flotation were discussed.With CaF_(2)as the roasting reagent,Na_(2)S·9H_(2)O as the sulfidation reagent,and sodium butyl xanthate(NaBX)as the collector,the results of the flotation experiments showed that fluoride roasting improved the floatability of chrysocolla,and the recovery rate increased from 16.87%to 82.74%.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that after fluoride roasting,approximately all the Cu on the chrysocolla surface was exposed in the form of CuO,which could provide a basis for subsequent sulfidation flotation.The microscopy and elemental analyses revealed that large quantities of"pagoda-like"grains were observed on the sulfidation surface of the fluoride-roasted chrysocolla,indicating high crystallinity particles of copper sulfide.This suggests that the effect of sulfide formation on the chrysocolla surface was more pronounced.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that fluoride roasting increased the relative contents of sulfur and copper on the surface and that both the Cu~+and polysulfide fractions on the surface of the minerals increased.This enhances the effect of sulfidation,which is conducive to flotation recovery.Therefore,fluoride roasting improved the effect of copper species transformation and sulfidation on the surface of chysocolla,promoted the adsorption of collectors,and improved the recovery of chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation.展开更多
MnO_(2) stands out among cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)high capacity and voltage,it has poor stability and slow Zn^(2+) kinetics.Herein,we propose a dual-regulation strategy integrating copper...MnO_(2) stands out among cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)high capacity and voltage,it has poor stability and slow Zn^(2+) kinetics.Herein,we propose a dual-regulation strategy integrating copper doping and carbon-based confinement.Residual carbon(RC),derived from acid-washed coal gasification fine slag(CGFS),serves as a conductive and porous framework for the directional growth of Cu-doped MnO_(2) nanowires(CMO@RC).The synergistic modulation of Cu-induced electronic structure tuning and carbon confinement induced mechanical/electrical stabilization significantly enhances Zn^(2+) transport and electrochemical performance.CMO@RC achieves a high capacity of 563 mA·h·g^(−1) at 0.1 A·g^(−1) and maintains 106%after 1000 cycles at 1 A·g^(−1).Kinetic analyses confirm the dual-path Zn^(2+) diffusion and accelerated reaction kinetics,while DFT calculations reveal that Cu doping enhances Mn 3d orbital hybridization and electron interaction with carbon,elevating the density of states near the Fermi level and reducing charge transfer barriers.Furthermore,pouch cell testing demonstrates outstanding flexibility and mechanical resilience.This study provides a cost-effective and scalable strategy for high-performance AZIBs,leveraging both experimental and theoretical validations.展开更多
In this paper,electrically excited synchronous machines(EESMs)using copper(Cu)and aluminum(Al)windings are compared for the feasibility of replacing Cu windings with Al windings in electric vehicle(EV)applications sin...In this paper,electrically excited synchronous machines(EESMs)using copper(Cu)and aluminum(Al)windings are compared for the feasibility of replacing Cu windings with Al windings in electric vehicle(EV)applications since Al windings have lower mass density and cost per weight,but higher resistivity and lower thermal conductivity than Cu windings.The EESMs with four winding configurations are optimized with an electromagnetic-thermal co-optimization method.The optimized EESM with only Cu windings is considered as the baseline in this study.Results show that the EESM with stator-Cu/rotor-Al windings has the least torque reduction(12.1%)compared to the baseline among the three EESMs with Al windings and the highest torque mass density among all EESMs.Meanwhile,although the new European driving cycle efficiency of the stator-Cu/rotor-Al EESM is 1.8%lower than that of the baseline,the torque per cost is 71%higher,and the maximum rotor mechanical stress is 8%lower.Therefore,the EESMs with stator-Cu/rotor-Al windings are prospective substitutions of those with only Cu windings for EV applications considering the trade-off between performance and cost.展开更多
The accumulation of refractory organics in Bayer liquor(pH 14.4)critically compromises aluminum production efficiency and product quality,necessitating sustainable remediation strategies.Herein,we develop an ultrasoni...The accumulation of refractory organics in Bayer liquor(pH 14.4)critically compromises aluminum production efficiency and product quality,necessitating sustainable remediation strategies.Herein,we develop an ultrasonic-driven catalytic ozonation system with dynamically reconstructed CuO/Cu2O heterointerfaces,achieving unprecedented efficiency in extreme alkaline wastewater treatment.Atomic-scale interface engineering endows the catalyst with hydrophilicity(contact angle:6.1°)and 3.8–4.3 times higher oxygen vacancy density compared to single-phase catalysts.These properties facilitate efficient interfacial interactions with Bayer liquor and enable superior ozone activation through synergistic Cu(I)/Cu(II)redox cycling across the heterointerface.This interfacial synergy reduces ozone adsorption energy from 5.46 eV(Cu_(2)O)to 1.48 eV,driving the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)via low-energy pathways.Under optimized conditions,the system achieves 57.82%TOC removal within 1.5 h with 2.3-fold faster kinetics than ozone–alone processes,while improving energy efficiency by 1.82–3.22 times per kWh over conventional thermal oxidation.Remarkable stability is demonstrated through 80.21%activity retention after 6 cycles,attributed to surface energy minimization(0.61 J m^(−2)),alongside 67.91%hydroxyl radical(•OH)-mediated degradation confirmed by quenching tests.In XPS,EEMs analysis,and ECOSAR modeling further elucidate the surface reconstruction mechanism and intermediate toxicity reduction.This work establishes an atomic interface design paradigm that bridges catalytic innovation with green metallurgy applications,offering a sustainable solution for industrial wastewater remediation aligned with circular economy principles.展开更多
It is well known that aluminum and copper exhibit structural phase transformations in quasi-static and dynamic measurements,including shock wave loading.However,the dependence of phase transformations in a wide range ...It is well known that aluminum and copper exhibit structural phase transformations in quasi-static and dynamic measurements,including shock wave loading.However,the dependence of phase transformations in a wide range of crystallographic directions of shock loading has not been revealed.In this work,we calculated the shock Hugoniot for aluminum and copper in different crystallographic directions([100],[110],[111],[112],[102],[114],[123],[134],[221]and[401])of shock compression using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The results showed a high pressure(>160 GPa for Cu and>40 GPa for Al)of the FCC-to-BCC transition.In copper,different characteristics of the phase transition are observed depending on the loading direction with the[100]compression direction being the weakest.The FCC-to-BCC transition for copper is in the range of 150–220 GPa,which is consistent with the existing experimental data.Due to the high transition pressure,the BCC phase transition in copper competes with melting.In aluminum,the FCC-to-BCC transition is observed for all studied directions at pressures between 40 and 50 GPa far beyond the melting.In all considered cases we observe the coexistence of HCP and BCC phases during the FCC-to-BCC transition,which is consistent with the experimental data and atomistic calculations;this HCP phase forms in the course of accompanying plastic deformation with dislocation activity in the parent FCC phase.The plasticity incipience is also anisotropic in bothmetals,which is due to the difference in the projections of stress on the slip plane for different orientations of the FCC crystal.MD modeling results demonstrate a strong dependence of the FCC-to-BCC transition on the crystallographic direction,in which the material is loaded in the copper crystals.However,MD simulations data can only be obtained for specific points in the stereographic direction space;therefore,for more comprehensive understanding of the phase transition process,a feed-forward neural network was trained using MD modeling data.The trained machine learning model allowed us to construct continuous stereographic maps of phase transitions as a function of stress in the shock-compressed state of metal.Due to appearance and growth of multiple centers of new phase,the FCC-to-BCC transition leads to formation of a polycrystalline structure from the parent single crystal.展开更多
The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we repor...The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we report a solvent-driven reversible trans-formation between two copper(I)clusters:[Cu(totp)(CH_(3)CN)_(3)][Cu_(2)I_(3)(totp)(DPPPy)]·CH_(3)CN 1 and Cu_(4)I_(4)(DPPPy)_(2)·0.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)2(totp=tri-o-tolylphosphine,DPPPy=2-[diphenylphosphino]pyridine).X-ray radioluminescence and encryption applications were studied based on structure-dependent photophysical properties difference.The noncovalent interaction-mediated space charge transition between isolated ion units of 1 enables more efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence by reverse intersystem crossing,accounting for structure-dependent luminescence.Notably,compared to 2,1 exhibits a higher scintillation light yield of 14832 photons MeV^(-1),exceeding that of the commercial scintillator Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(8000 photons MeV^(-1)),and a low X-ray detection limit of 22.49 nGy s^(-1),far below the typical diagnostic dose(5.5μGy s^(-1)).Furthermore,scintillating film fabricated by 1 achieves X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 16 lp/mm.The reversible structural interconversion enables solvent-responsive luminescent switches,and thus,the dynamic encryption system capable of multistage decryption was developed.This work not only offers new insight into solvent-regulated clusters transformations but also provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance copper(I)clusters-based scintillators and stimulus-responsive optical devices.展开更多
To meet the needs of the treatment of Cu^(2+)pollution in aqueous solution,the sodium alginate-modified polyacrylic acid(PAA/SA)composite hydrogel was prepared by solution polymerization with acrylic acid(AA)as monome...To meet the needs of the treatment of Cu^(2+)pollution in aqueous solution,the sodium alginate-modified polyacrylic acid(PAA/SA)composite hydrogel was prepared by solution polymerization with acrylic acid(AA)as monomer,sodium alginate(SA)as filler,N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide(MBA)as crosslinking agent,and potassium persulfate(K2S2O8)as initiator.The characterization results showed that the introduction of SA significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of PAA hydrogel materials.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed that as the SA content increased,the materials gradually evolved from a dense blocky structure to a porous network.When the SA content was 10 wt%,it exhibited a fragmented layered morphology.The Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET)showed that the specific surface area reached 37.65 m2/g and the porosity increased to 12.47%.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy confirmed that SA was successfully embedded into the PAA network through hydrogen bonding and ion crosslinking,and the carboxyl vibration peak shifted from 2378 to 2352 cm^(-1).Mechanical tests showed that at 10 wt%SA,the maximum stress was 13.1 kPa.The adsorption experiment showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the PAA/SA hydrogel for Cu^(2+)was 11.03 mg/g,with an adsorption efficiency of 42.65%.Dynamics studies showed that the adsorption process follows a first-order kinetic model(R2=0.986-0.997),indicating a physical adsorption mechanism dominated by liquid film diffusion.Theoptimal process conditions were found to be a dosage of 1.5 g/L,and the effect of temperature on adsorption was limited.The material maintained 67.4%of its initial adsorption capacity after six adsorption-desorption cycles.These parameters are generally superior to those of similar materials reported in the literature,indicating broad application prospects.Such a kinetic and isotherm model resulted from the combined effects of functional groups,electrostatic attraction,and chelation.In practical applications,pH,ionic strength,and competing ions will affect the adsorption performance of PAA/SA composite hydrogels.展开更多
文摘The synthesis method of propargylamines has always been the focus of research in organic synthetic methodology.A method of alkynylation of tertiary aliphatic amines with alkynes in the presence of copper doped zeolite Y as a catalyst and oxygen in the air as an oxidant has been developed.The most important feature of this reaction is that copper molecular siolite is used as catalyst,which avoids the intermolecular self-coupling of alkynes,and thus realizes the high efficiency propargylization of alkyl tertiary amines.
文摘The present work provides a facile and efficient method for producing ultrafine copper powders.Ultrafine copper powders were synthesized through a solvothermal method,utilizing ethanol both as a solvent and a reducing agent.Specifically,by exploiting the weak reducing property of ethanol,the copper precursor is first converted to copper oxide and then further reduced to cuprous oxide and pure copper.Such a method can effectively control the morphology and particle size of the copper powder,reduce particle aggregation,and enhance oxidation resistance.It is cost-effective and produces fewer toxic by-products.Spherical copper particles with an average particle size of about 180 nm were obtained.The initial oxidation temperature is approximately 150℃,and the resulting copper powders can be stored stably under ambient conditions for at least 5 months,demonstrating excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability.
文摘A series of new chiral amide ligands were prepared from natural amino acids and applied to the copper-catalyzed asymmetric oxidative homocoupling reaction of 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoates.By optimizing the reaction conditions,it was found that when using L3(5 mol%)as the ligand,CuCl(5 mol%)as the catalyst,dichloromethane as the solvent,2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl(TEMPO)/O2 as the oxidant,and under the reaction condition of 40℃,this method exhibited good substrate tolerance.Under these conditions,a series of chiral 1,1'-bi-2-naphthol(BINOL)derivatives were synthesized with yields of 45%~90%and enantioselectivities ranging from 50∶50 to 97∶3.
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics.Given copper's extensive industrial applications,sustainable recovery from low-grade ores is critical.Five key parameters-acid concentration,leaching time,particle size,temperature,and solids percentage-were identified as major influences on copper recovery.The results revealed that leaching time and solids percentage,along with interactions between temperature-time and temperature-solids percentage,had the most significant effects.Optimal conditions for 80% copper recovery while minimizing iron recovery below 3% included an acid concentration of 1.21 mol L^(-1),a leaching time of 108 min,a particle size of 438μm,a temperature of 45℃,and a solids percentage of 18.2%.Leaching kinetics were analyzed using shrinking core models,with the Dickinson model best describing the process,showing an activation energy of 32.63 kJ mol^(-1),indicative of mixed diffusion and chemical reaction control.The final kinetic model effectively predicted the influence of key parameters.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing process variables and selecting suitable kinetic models to enhance extraction efficiency,reduce costs,and improve sustainability in copper recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22271166)the Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter,Nankai University (No.63181206) for generous financial support for our programs。
文摘The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals,where electron transfer at the electrode produces catalysts with more valence states.Among these transition metal catalysts,electrochemical conversions catalyzed by inexpensive copper metals have received considerable attention.This article systematically investigated this field and reviewed the electrochemical copper catalytic methods applied in organic synthesis from the different activation modes of substrates,which can be broadly classified into the functionalization of C=C bonds,C-H bond activation,C-C and C-X bond activation,and so on.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82303206,82372749,and 82072951)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant Nos.20Y11914300 and 22Y21900100)+2 种基金Shanghai Anticancer Association(Grant No.SACAAX202213)Major Research Projects of Taizhou Clinical Medical College(Grant No.TZKY20230308)Natural Science Foundation in University of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20231261).
文摘Copper ions are essential for cellular function but can induce cytotoxic effects when dysregulated.This review explores the multifaceted role of copper in cancer metabolism with a focus on the novel concept of cuproptosis,a regulated form of cell death triggered by copper accumulation.The mechanisms underlying copper homeostasis are detailed,including dietary absorption,systemic distribution,and intracellular utilization.Key transporters,such as copper transporter 1(CTR1)and ATPase copper transporting alpha/b(ATP7A/B),are highlighted.Cancer cells often exhibit elevated copper levels,supporting proliferation and metastasis through pro-tumorigenic pathways.Recent studies have shown that disrupting copper homeostasis can induce cuproptosis,which is characterized by the aggregation of lipoylated mitochondrial proteins and disruption of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis.Advances in copper-based nanotechnology have enabled targeted delivery of copper to tumors,enhancing therapeutic efficacy through synergistic effects with reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and immunomodulation.However,the hypoxic tumor microenvironment poses significant challenges by upregulating copper-sequestering proteins and downregulating key cuproptosis mediators.Future directions include integrating multi-omics approaches to identify novel therapeutic targets and developing combination therapies to overcome hypoxia-induced resistance.This review provides a comprehensive overview of copper metabolism in cancer,emphasizing the potential of cuproptosis induction as a powerful strategy for oncologic intervention.
基金financially supported by the Bordeaux Wine Interprofessional Council(French acronym CIVB)in the framework of the EXTRACUIVRE projectby the French National Research Institute for Agriculture,Food and Environment(INRAE)in the framework of the COPOFTEA projectpartially supported by the TSU Program Priority 2030,Russia。
文摘Dear Editor,The long-term use of copper(Cu)fungicides to prevent downy mildew of vine led to the accumulation of Cu in vineyard topsoils(Komárek et al.,2010;Droz et al.,2021),which may alter the functioning and sustainability of vineyard ecosystems(Cornu et al.,2022).
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2022YFC2105300)。
文摘A series of leaching and electrochemical experiments were conducted to elucidate the critical role of hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S)in copper-driven reduction of chalcopyrite.Results demonstrate that in the absence of H_(2)S,metallic copper converts chalcopyrite into bornite(Cu_(5)FeS_(4)).However,the introduction of H_(2)S promotes the formation of chalcocite(Cu_(2)S)by altering the oxidation pathway of copper.Electrochemical analysis demonstrates that the presence of H₂S significantly reduces the corrosion potential of copper from 0.251 to−0.223 V(vs SHE),reaching the threshold necessary for the formation of Cu_(2)S.Nevertheless,excessive H_(2)S triggers sulfate reduction via the reaction of 8Cu+H_(2)SO_(4)+3H_(2)S=4Cu_(2)S+4H_(2)O(ΔG=−519.429 kJ/mol at 50℃),leading to inefficient copper utilization.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China,No.LQ23H060002(to DZ)。
文摘Copper is a trace element that plays an important role in neuronal development,maturation,and function.It also acts as a cofactor for various coppe r-binding proteins or serves as an active component of their structure.Acquired copper deficiency has been associated with numerous neurological diseases.Recent research has demonstrated that serum copper concentrations are elevated following spinal cord injury,similar to the elevated copper levels observed after ischemic insult in a rat model of myocardial infa rction.This suggests that spinal cord damage may impair the effective utilization of copper due to local ischemia following spinal cord injury.Studies have shown that copper supplementation may form part of a therapeutic strategy for patients with spinal cord injury.It has been repo rted to promote T-cell diffe rentiation and prolife ration,reduce malondialdehyde levels,decrease myeloperoxidase activity and apoptotic cell numbers,and enhance supe roxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels.Additionally,copper supplementation may stimulate the transc riptional activity of hypoxia-inducible factor and restore angiogenic capacity,thereby increasing capillary density.Furthermore,researchers have found that dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase,an enzyme involved in inducing cuproptosis,can influence the immune microenvironment of spinal cord injury by promoting copper toxicity.This leads to increased peripheral M2 macrophage polarization and systemic immunosuppression.This led us to hypothesize that copper may influence three major pathological pathways after spinal co rd injury,inflammation,oxidative stress,and cell death,which are critical targets for therapeutic intervention.On the one hand,copper deficiency can cause spinal cord tissue damage;on the other hand,elevated serum copper may induce copper toxicity,contributing to cell death.Therefo re,in this review,we investigate the possible link between spinal cord injury and copper in the perspective of inflammation,oxidative stress,and cell death.Additionally,we review published studies on copper metabolism and explore potential therapeutic strategies by considering va rious sources and mechanisms of copper delive ry.
文摘At 82,master craftsman Zhu Bingren,China’s preeminent copper artist,continues to dynamically evolve his ancient heritage,proving that true preservation lies in innovation and bringing tradition into the contemporary world.THE copper art should not be confined to display cases,believes artist Zhu Bingren.From living rooms to fashion runways,and from the Great Wall in Beijing to the Louvre in Paris,the Chinese master craftsman brings his metal creations to life in diverse settings.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51236003)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(No.1506RJZA076)。
文摘As the speeds of trains increase,higher demands are placed on brake materials.In order to overcome the thermal degradation phenomenon of brake pads during high-speed braking,we prepared copper fiber reinforced alkali-activated slag composite(AASC)friction materials by hot-pressing method,using slag as matrix,Na_(2)SiO_(3)·9H_(2)O as alkali excitant,copper fiber as reinforcement,and graphite as friction modifier.The results show that the AASC prepared by hot-pressing method has undergone alkali-activated reaction and has geopolymer amorphous characteristics as the conventional cast molding AASC by XRD analysis.The addition of copper fibers can improve the mechanical strength and toughness of the composites substantially,and the AASC has the highest flexural strength,compressive strength and impact toughness when the volume fraction of copper fibers reaches 25 vol%.Toughening mechanisms such as drawing,bridging and crack deflection of copper fibers in composites were analyzed by SEM morphology.Addition of appropriate amount of graphite to AASC can effectively reduce the wear rate and improve the stability of the material friction coefficient.The coefficient of friction also remains stable in the high-speed friction experiments without thermal degradation.Therefore,copper fiber reinforced AASC friction materials prepared by hot-pressing method has good mechanical and friction properties.
基金primarily supported by Grant 2022066 from the U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation(BSF)support by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,under Award Number DESC0025485(material synthesis and structural characterization)+1 种基金supported by the U.S.DOE,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357the support from the US National Science Foundation through awards DMR-2317008。
文摘Metal halides are an important class of optoelectronic materials combining exceptional optical and electronic properties.An inherent advantage of metal halides is their solution synthesis and processability,which render them as low-cost and environmentally friendly materials for a range of applications from photovoltaics and photodetection to solid-state lighting(SSL).In this study,we synthesized three previously unreported lead-free organic–inorganic hybrid copper halides:(OA)_(4)CuX_(5)(X=Br,I;OA^(+) =C_(8)H_(17)NH_(3)^(+) ,n-octylammonium cation)and(HA)_(2)CuI_(3)(HA^(+) =C_(6)H_(13)NH_(3)^(+) ,n-hexylammonium cation),all of which exhibit broadband emissions arising from self-trapped excitons(STEs).Among these compounds,(OA)_(4)CuI_(5) demonstrates tunable dual-band white-light emission with a high color rendering index value of 91 at room temperature.Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements and first-principles calculations reveal distinct behaviors between the two emission states in(OA)_(4)CuI_(5).These findings highlight the potential of copper halide compounds for optoelectronic applications,particularly in the development of environmentally friendly solid-state lighting technologies.
基金jointly funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDA0430301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.42130109,41973059)。
文摘The formation of copper deposits is closely related to hydrothermal processes.Understanding the migration of copper in hydrothermal fluids aids in reconstructing mineralization processes and deciphering deposit genesis.Copper primarily exists as Cu^(+)and Cu^(2+)in hydrothermal solutions,with redox conditions governing their interconversion.In chloride-rich geological fluids,Cu-Cl complexes are considered critical for copper transport.However,the specific types and valence transitions of Cu-Cl complexes under varying hydrothermal conditions remain poorly understood.This study employed in situ Raman spectroscopy to systematically analyze Cu+HCl and CuCl_(2)+K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2) systems under saturated vapor pressure at 25-300℃,elucidating the effects of temperature,Cl^(-)concentration,and redox conditions on copper speciation.In the Cu^(+)HCl system,copper dissolved as monovalent Cu-Cl complexes.At high temperatures(>200℃),[CuCl_(2)]^(-)is the dominated species,whereas[CuCl_(3)]^(2-)becomes prevalent at lower temperatures and higher HCl concentrations.For the Cu^(2+)-Cl system,the dominant species transitioned from[Cu(H_(2)O)n]^(2+)(<50℃)to[CuCl_(4)]^(2-)(100℃)and further to[CuCl]^(+)and[CuCl_(2)]^(0) at 300℃.The introduction of reducing agents(K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2))facilitated Cu^(2+)→Cu^(+)reduction,thereby stabilizing Cu^(+)-Cl complexes and inducing partial copper precipitation.The behavior of copper in chloriderich hydrothermal fluids observed in this study indicates that high-temperature oxidizing fluids facilitate Cu mobilization,while cooling and redox changes promote deposition and ore minerals formation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374259)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing Science and Technology,China(No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2023-11)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province,China(No.202302 AF080004)。
文摘It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla were investigated,its impact on sulfidation flotation was explored,and the mechanisms involved in both fluoride roasting and sulfidation flotation were discussed.With CaF_(2)as the roasting reagent,Na_(2)S·9H_(2)O as the sulfidation reagent,and sodium butyl xanthate(NaBX)as the collector,the results of the flotation experiments showed that fluoride roasting improved the floatability of chrysocolla,and the recovery rate increased from 16.87%to 82.74%.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that after fluoride roasting,approximately all the Cu on the chrysocolla surface was exposed in the form of CuO,which could provide a basis for subsequent sulfidation flotation.The microscopy and elemental analyses revealed that large quantities of"pagoda-like"grains were observed on the sulfidation surface of the fluoride-roasted chrysocolla,indicating high crystallinity particles of copper sulfide.This suggests that the effect of sulfide formation on the chrysocolla surface was more pronounced.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that fluoride roasting increased the relative contents of sulfur and copper on the surface and that both the Cu~+and polysulfide fractions on the surface of the minerals increased.This enhances the effect of sulfidation,which is conducive to flotation recovery.Therefore,fluoride roasting improved the effect of copper species transformation and sulfidation on the surface of chysocolla,promoted the adsorption of collectors,and improved the recovery of chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation.
基金support from the Key projects of scientific research projects of universities in Anhui Province(2024AH050360).
文摘MnO_(2) stands out among cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs)high capacity and voltage,it has poor stability and slow Zn^(2+) kinetics.Herein,we propose a dual-regulation strategy integrating copper doping and carbon-based confinement.Residual carbon(RC),derived from acid-washed coal gasification fine slag(CGFS),serves as a conductive and porous framework for the directional growth of Cu-doped MnO_(2) nanowires(CMO@RC).The synergistic modulation of Cu-induced electronic structure tuning and carbon confinement induced mechanical/electrical stabilization significantly enhances Zn^(2+) transport and electrochemical performance.CMO@RC achieves a high capacity of 563 mA·h·g^(−1) at 0.1 A·g^(−1) and maintains 106%after 1000 cycles at 1 A·g^(−1).Kinetic analyses confirm the dual-path Zn^(2+) diffusion and accelerated reaction kinetics,while DFT calculations reveal that Cu doping enhances Mn 3d orbital hybridization and electron interaction with carbon,elevating the density of states near the Fermi level and reducing charge transfer barriers.Furthermore,pouch cell testing demonstrates outstanding flexibility and mechanical resilience.This study provides a cost-effective and scalable strategy for high-performance AZIBs,leveraging both experimental and theoretical validations.
基金supported in part by China Scholarship Council(CSC)under Grant 202206160023.
文摘In this paper,electrically excited synchronous machines(EESMs)using copper(Cu)and aluminum(Al)windings are compared for the feasibility of replacing Cu windings with Al windings in electric vehicle(EV)applications since Al windings have lower mass density and cost per weight,but higher resistivity and lower thermal conductivity than Cu windings.The EESMs with four winding configurations are optimized with an electromagnetic-thermal co-optimization method.The optimized EESM with only Cu windings is considered as the baseline in this study.Results show that the EESM with stator-Cu/rotor-Al windings has the least torque reduction(12.1%)compared to the baseline among the three EESMs with Al windings and the highest torque mass density among all EESMs.Meanwhile,although the new European driving cycle efficiency of the stator-Cu/rotor-Al EESM is 1.8%lower than that of the baseline,the torque per cost is 71%higher,and the maximum rotor mechanical stress is 8%lower.Therefore,the EESMs with stator-Cu/rotor-Al windings are prospective substitutions of those with only Cu windings for EV applications considering the trade-off between performance and cost.
基金supported by Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects (Grant No. 202402AB080004)Yunnan Provincial Education Department Universities Serve Key Industry Science and Technology Projects (Grant No: FWCY-BSPY2024043)+1 种基金Top Innovative Talents for Graduate Students of KUST (Grant No: CA24163M116A)Analysis and Testing Fund of KUST (Grant No: 2024P20233102006)
文摘The accumulation of refractory organics in Bayer liquor(pH 14.4)critically compromises aluminum production efficiency and product quality,necessitating sustainable remediation strategies.Herein,we develop an ultrasonic-driven catalytic ozonation system with dynamically reconstructed CuO/Cu2O heterointerfaces,achieving unprecedented efficiency in extreme alkaline wastewater treatment.Atomic-scale interface engineering endows the catalyst with hydrophilicity(contact angle:6.1°)and 3.8–4.3 times higher oxygen vacancy density compared to single-phase catalysts.These properties facilitate efficient interfacial interactions with Bayer liquor and enable superior ozone activation through synergistic Cu(I)/Cu(II)redox cycling across the heterointerface.This interfacial synergy reduces ozone adsorption energy from 5.46 eV(Cu_(2)O)to 1.48 eV,driving the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)via low-energy pathways.Under optimized conditions,the system achieves 57.82%TOC removal within 1.5 h with 2.3-fold faster kinetics than ozone–alone processes,while improving energy efficiency by 1.82–3.22 times per kWh over conventional thermal oxidation.Remarkable stability is demonstrated through 80.21%activity retention after 6 cycles,attributed to surface energy minimization(0.61 J m^(−2)),alongside 67.91%hydroxyl radical(•OH)-mediated degradation confirmed by quenching tests.In XPS,EEMs analysis,and ECOSAR modeling further elucidate the surface reconstruction mechanism and intermediate toxicity reduction.This work establishes an atomic interface design paradigm that bridges catalytic innovation with green metallurgy applications,offering a sustainable solution for industrial wastewater remediation aligned with circular economy principles.
基金founded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation,State assignments for research,registration No.1024032600084-8-1.3.2Study of the grain growth and the formation of polycrystalline structure as a result of phase transition(Section 6)was founded by the Russian Science Foundation,Project No.24-71-00078+3 种基金https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-71-00078/(accessed on 01 December 2025).Study of the orientation dependence of the phase transition of aluminum in Section 3 was founded by the Russian Science Foundation,Project No.24-19-00684https://rscf.ru/en/project/24-19-00684/(accessed on 01 December 2025).
文摘It is well known that aluminum and copper exhibit structural phase transformations in quasi-static and dynamic measurements,including shock wave loading.However,the dependence of phase transformations in a wide range of crystallographic directions of shock loading has not been revealed.In this work,we calculated the shock Hugoniot for aluminum and copper in different crystallographic directions([100],[110],[111],[112],[102],[114],[123],[134],[221]and[401])of shock compression using molecular dynamics(MD)simulations.The results showed a high pressure(>160 GPa for Cu and>40 GPa for Al)of the FCC-to-BCC transition.In copper,different characteristics of the phase transition are observed depending on the loading direction with the[100]compression direction being the weakest.The FCC-to-BCC transition for copper is in the range of 150–220 GPa,which is consistent with the existing experimental data.Due to the high transition pressure,the BCC phase transition in copper competes with melting.In aluminum,the FCC-to-BCC transition is observed for all studied directions at pressures between 40 and 50 GPa far beyond the melting.In all considered cases we observe the coexistence of HCP and BCC phases during the FCC-to-BCC transition,which is consistent with the experimental data and atomistic calculations;this HCP phase forms in the course of accompanying plastic deformation with dislocation activity in the parent FCC phase.The plasticity incipience is also anisotropic in bothmetals,which is due to the difference in the projections of stress on the slip plane for different orientations of the FCC crystal.MD modeling results demonstrate a strong dependence of the FCC-to-BCC transition on the crystallographic direction,in which the material is loaded in the copper crystals.However,MD simulations data can only be obtained for specific points in the stereographic direction space;therefore,for more comprehensive understanding of the phase transition process,a feed-forward neural network was trained using MD modeling data.The trained machine learning model allowed us to construct continuous stereographic maps of phase transitions as a function of stress in the shock-compressed state of metal.Due to appearance and growth of multiple centers of new phase,the FCC-to-BCC transition leads to formation of a polycrystalline structure from the parent single crystal.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971240 and 22271283)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2025QC1361)。
文摘The exploration of solvent-driven reversible structural transformation in clusters is crucial for advanced stimulus-responsive optical applications and understanding of structure-property relationships.Herein,we report a solvent-driven reversible trans-formation between two copper(I)clusters:[Cu(totp)(CH_(3)CN)_(3)][Cu_(2)I_(3)(totp)(DPPPy)]·CH_(3)CN 1 and Cu_(4)I_(4)(DPPPy)_(2)·0.5CH_(2)Cl_(2)2(totp=tri-o-tolylphosphine,DPPPy=2-[diphenylphosphino]pyridine).X-ray radioluminescence and encryption applications were studied based on structure-dependent photophysical properties difference.The noncovalent interaction-mediated space charge transition between isolated ion units of 1 enables more efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence by reverse intersystem crossing,accounting for structure-dependent luminescence.Notably,compared to 2,1 exhibits a higher scintillation light yield of 14832 photons MeV^(-1),exceeding that of the commercial scintillator Bi_(4)Ge_(3)O_(12)(8000 photons MeV^(-1)),and a low X-ray detection limit of 22.49 nGy s^(-1),far below the typical diagnostic dose(5.5μGy s^(-1)).Furthermore,scintillating film fabricated by 1 achieves X-ray imaging with a high spatial resolution of 16 lp/mm.The reversible structural interconversion enables solvent-responsive luminescent switches,and thus,the dynamic encryption system capable of multistage decryption was developed.This work not only offers new insight into solvent-regulated clusters transformations but also provides a promising strategy for developing high-performance copper(I)clusters-based scintillators and stimulus-responsive optical devices.
基金funded by Quality Engineering Project Fund of Anhui University of Applied Technology,grant numbers 2024xjjxyjy41 and 2024xjjpkc05.
文摘To meet the needs of the treatment of Cu^(2+)pollution in aqueous solution,the sodium alginate-modified polyacrylic acid(PAA/SA)composite hydrogel was prepared by solution polymerization with acrylic acid(AA)as monomer,sodium alginate(SA)as filler,N,N’-methylenebisacrylamide(MBA)as crosslinking agent,and potassium persulfate(K2S2O8)as initiator.The characterization results showed that the introduction of SA significantly improved the physical and chemical properties of PAA hydrogel materials.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed that as the SA content increased,the materials gradually evolved from a dense blocky structure to a porous network.When the SA content was 10 wt%,it exhibited a fragmented layered morphology.The Brunauer Emmett Teller(BET)showed that the specific surface area reached 37.65 m2/g and the porosity increased to 12.47%.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy confirmed that SA was successfully embedded into the PAA network through hydrogen bonding and ion crosslinking,and the carboxyl vibration peak shifted from 2378 to 2352 cm^(-1).Mechanical tests showed that at 10 wt%SA,the maximum stress was 13.1 kPa.The adsorption experiment showed that the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the PAA/SA hydrogel for Cu^(2+)was 11.03 mg/g,with an adsorption efficiency of 42.65%.Dynamics studies showed that the adsorption process follows a first-order kinetic model(R2=0.986-0.997),indicating a physical adsorption mechanism dominated by liquid film diffusion.Theoptimal process conditions were found to be a dosage of 1.5 g/L,and the effect of temperature on adsorption was limited.The material maintained 67.4%of its initial adsorption capacity after six adsorption-desorption cycles.These parameters are generally superior to those of similar materials reported in the literature,indicating broad application prospects.Such a kinetic and isotherm model resulted from the combined effects of functional groups,electrostatic attraction,and chelation.In practical applications,pH,ionic strength,and competing ions will affect the adsorption performance of PAA/SA composite hydrogels.
