Conventional treatments for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)suffer from low remission rates,high drug resistance,and severe adverse effects.To leverage the therapeutic potential of reactive oxygen species(ROS),nanoca...Conventional treatments for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)suffer from low remission rates,high drug resistance,and severe adverse effects.To leverage the therapeutic potential of reactive oxygen species(ROS),nanocatalytic medicine utilizes nanomaterials to generate ROS specifically within tumor sites,enabling efficient and targeted cancer treatment.In this study,hyaluronic acid(HA)-modified copper-N,N-dimethyl-Nphenylsulfonylbisamine(DMSA)-assembled nanoparticles(Cu-DMSA-HA NPs)are developed with tumor-targeting capability and efficiently catalyze ROS production via coordination chemistry.Targeted delivery is facilitated by HA surface modification through recognition of overexpressed cluster of differentiation 44 receptors on cancer cells,which enhances nanoparticle uptake.Once internalized,intracellular glutathione is depleted by the NPs,followed by a Fenton-like reaction that sustains ROS production.Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that this catalytic strategy effectively inhibits DNA replication,prevents cell cycle progression,downregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 expression,induces ferroptosis,and ultimately suppresses NSCLC progression.Overall,the readily prepared Cu-DMSA-HA NPs exhibit robust catalytic activity and tumor specificity,highlighting their strong potential for clinical translation in nanocatalytic cancer therapy.展开更多
The highly conserved human leukocyte antigen-A2(HLA-A2)-restricted epitope NS3-1073 represents a promising candidate for a therapeutic vaccine against hepatitis C virus(HCV).In this study,we engineered a set of fusion...The highly conserved human leukocyte antigen-A2(HLA-A2)-restricted epitope NS3-1073 represents a promising candidate for a therapeutic vaccine against hepatitis C virus(HCV).In this study,we engineered a set of fusion proteins based on the artificial self-assembling peptide(SAP),which were expressed in Escherichia coli and spontaneously self-assembled into nanosized particles displaying HCV epitopes,including NS3-1073.To enhance immunogenicity,we incorporated the T helper epitope PADRE into the construct.Alpha-helical linkers were introduced between SAP and the epitopes to facilitate proper protein folding.Notably,a helical linker with a high supercoiling propensity enabled soluble expression of the fusion protein containing both the NS3-1073 and PADRE epitopes,allowing purification of the in vivo-formed nanoparticles by metal affinity chromatography.Human dendritic cells derived from peripheral blood monocytes showed robust activation in response to the fusion proteins and preferentially stimulated T lymphocytes toward a Th1-biased immune response.In mice,immunization with nanoparticles carrying NS3-1073 induced splenocyte proliferation in response to in vitro stimulation with a mixture of NS3 peptides.These results demonstrate that recombinant nanoparticle-based carriers presenting the NS3-1073 epitope can be produced in bacterial systems and hold strong potential as a foundation for a therapeutic HCV vaccine.展开更多
Graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks demonstrate extensive application potential in military equipment thermal management,high-power electronic packaging,new energy vehicles,and 5G communication systems,due to t...Graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks demonstrate extensive application potential in military equipment thermal management,high-power electronic packaging,new energy vehicles,and 5G communication systems,due to their outstanding properties,including high thermal conductivity,tunable thermal expansion coefficients,excellent mechanical strength,and low density.However,the industrial-scale application of these composites faces critical challenges during the fabrication of components with complex structures,such as inhomogeneous dispersion of graphene within the copper matrix and poor interfacial bonding between the two phases,which substantially undermine the overall performance of graphene/copper-based composites.To address these issues,the preparation methods for graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks were reviewed.For each method,a rigorous analysis was presented to clarify its inherent advantages and unavoidable restrictions.Furthermore,the latest research progress in addressing three core scientific challenges was synthesized,including uniform dispersion of graphene,interfacial optimization mechanisms,and molecular dynamics simulations for elucidating the structure-property relationships.Finally,the future development directions of graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks in engineering applications were prospected.展开更多
An upconversion nanoparticle(NaErF_(4)∶Yb/Tm@NaLuF_(4)∶Yb@NaLuF_(4)∶Nd/Yb@NaLuF_(4),noted as UC)was designed,emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser.The mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2))shell co‑doped with chlorin e6(C...An upconversion nanoparticle(NaErF_(4)∶Yb/Tm@NaLuF_(4)∶Yb@NaLuF_(4)∶Nd/Yb@NaLuF_(4),noted as UC)was designed,emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser.The mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2))shell co‑doped with chlorin e6(Ce6)and triethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H‑nonafluorohexyl)silane(TFS)was coated on the outer layer of UC,and then a layer of HKUST‑1 shell was coated.The obtained nanocomposite UC@Ce6/TFS@mSiO_(2)@HKUST‑1(noted as UCTSH)was used for the synergistic treatment of chemodynamic therapy(CDT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT).Interestingly,the nanostructures can specifically re lease Cu^(2+)in the acidic tumor microenvironment.Cu^(2+)reacts with excess hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in the tumor microenvironment to form cytotoxic hydroxyl radical.Secondly,Ce6,with the action of oxygen‑carrying TFS,selectively produces a large amount of singlet oxygen by 808 nm laser irradiation.UCTSH can enhance the anti‑tumor effects of PDT and CDT by increasing the production level of reactive oxygen species,without causing damage to normal cells.展开更多
CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organ...CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.展开更多
The widespread use and casual disposal of nanoproducts increase human exposure to nanoparticles(NPs),posing potential health risks.When coming into contact with biofluid,NPs passively move in the bloodstream and reach...The widespread use and casual disposal of nanoproducts increase human exposure to nanoparticles(NPs),posing potential health risks.When coming into contact with biofluid,NPs passively move in the bloodstream and reach target organs and cells.The nano-bio interactions,distribution,and fate of NPs are highly dependent on their physicochemical properties after direct exposure into the systemic circulation.In this study,silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)with the same size,shape,surface chemistry,and particle number but different densities were co-exposed to mice to explore their blood circulation and liver accumulation.The co-exposure avoids the individual differences in a single-material exposure model.Post-exposure,Au remained longer in the bloodstream than Ag,while 92.2%of the injected dose(%ID)of Ag accumulated in the liver compared to 78.0%for Au.Over a span of 3 to 72 h,Ag content in bloodstream increased while Au was undetectable.In the liver,the%ID of Ag sharply decreased to 9.4%,while the%ID of Au remained nearly unchanged.We proved the gradual dissociation of AgNPs into Ag ions using a fluorescent probe.Therefore,density-dependent dynamics of NPs in the blood caused greater liver accumulation of low-density Ag.However,the gradual degradation of AgNPs contributes to a high degree of distribution of Ag in the body while the AuNPs remain sequestered in the liver.This study implies that the dynamic transformation of NPs complicates their density-dependent retention,which are plausible to determine the accumulation and biological effects to the organisms.展开更多
Objectives:Prostate cancer cells often develop mechanisms to evade conventional therapies.Nanomedicine offers the potential for targeted drug delivery,improved tumor accumulation,and reduced systemic toxicity.This stu...Objectives:Prostate cancer cells often develop mechanisms to evade conventional therapies.Nanomedicine offers the potential for targeted drug delivery,improved tumor accumulation,and reduced systemic toxicity.This study biosynthesizes silver nanoparticles(NPP/AgONPs)functionalized with propolis,evaluates their antibacterial efficacy against uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli(E.coli),and assesses their cytotoxic effect on cancer cell proliferation using the PC-3,human prostate epithelial cell line.Methods:The synthesized NPP/AgONPs physiochemical parameters were characterized,followed by in vitro assays to evaluate their antibacterial activity against multiple uropathogenic E.coli strains;determining the cytotoxicity against HPrEC and PC-3 cells by measuring cytotoxicity(CC_(50))and inhibition concentration(IC_(50)),respectively;analyzing cell cycle distribution and apoptosis via flow cytometry;and quantifying the reactive oxygen species(ROS),Caspase 3,and Caspase 8 expression in treated cells to elucidate mechanisms of cell death and growth inhibition.Results:NPP/AgONPs exhibited an average particle size of 22 nm,with four major X-ray diffraction(XRD)peaks corresponding to Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards(JCPDS)No.01-1164,confirming their crystallinity.Moreover,the UV-vis absorbance at 390 nm yielded an energy gap of 2.45 eV.Antibacterial testing showed potent activity against the tested E.coli strains.In HPrEC and PC-3 cells,the CC_(50) was 262.04µg/mL,while the IC_(50) was 25.34μg/mL,respectively.Flow cytometry revealed increased apoptosis in the NPP/AgONPs-treated group across all stages,including early,late,and dead cells,compared with the controls.ROS,Caspase 3,and Caspase 8 levels were inflected in NPP/AgONPs-treated cells,showing apoptotic and growth-inhibitory effects.Conclusion:The propolis coating improves the nanoparticles’biocompatibility while enabling potent ROS-mediated apoptosis and cell-cycle disruption in PC-3 cells.These findings support the potential of NPP/AgONPs as a synergistic therapeutic platform,though optimization of dosing,detailed mechanism elucidation,and assessment of long-term safety are warranted.展开更多
We prepared Co_(x)Pt_(100-x)(x=40,45,50,55,60)nanoparticles by the sol-gel method.The phase composition and crystal structure,morphology and microstructure,and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized and...We prepared Co_(x)Pt_(100-x)(x=40,45,50,55,60)nanoparticles by the sol-gel method.The phase composition and crystal structure,morphology and microstructure,and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized and tested using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),respectively.The results demonstrate that the coercivity of CoPt nanoparticles can be effectively controlled by adjusting the atomic ratio of Co and Pt in the samples.Among the compositions studied,the Co_(45)Pt_(55)sample synthesized by the sol-gel method exhibits smaller grain size and a coercivity as high as 6.65×10^(5) A/m is achieved.The morphology and microstructure of the nanoparticles were analyzed by TEM images,indicating that a slight excess of Pt can effectively enhance the coercivity of CoPt nanoparticles.展开更多
Metallic copper nanoparticles are a promising alternative to gold and silver in printed electronics due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.However,their synthesis is often hindered by rapid oxidati...Metallic copper nanoparticles are a promising alternative to gold and silver in printed electronics due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.However,their synthesis is often hindered by rapid oxidation and limited scalability.This work presents a microwave-assisted polyol process for the rapid and scalable production of metallic Cu micro-and nanoparticles,performed in air without the need for an inert atmosphere.Ethylene glycol acts as both solvent and reducing agent,while lignin serves as a renewable capping agent.Reaction time is reduced to 10 min in batch mode,and the process is scaled up to a continuous-flow microwave system,achieving production rates of~5gh^(-1).Particle sizes range from 800 to 40 nm depending on lignin content and metal seeding.After pressure or low-temperature(150℃)treatment,the materials reach conductivities between 30 and 100 lΩcm.These metallic copper nanoparticles show strong potential for use in sustainable conductive inks for flexible and printed electronics.展开更多
Improving device efficiency is fundamental for advancing energy harvesting technology,particularly in systems designed to convert light energy into electrical output.In our previous studies,we developed a basic struct...Improving device efficiency is fundamental for advancing energy harvesting technology,particularly in systems designed to convert light energy into electrical output.In our previous studies,we developed a basic structure light pressure electric generator(Basic-LPEG),which utilized a layered configuration of Ag/Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)(PZT)/Pt/GaAs to generate electricity based on light-induced pressure on the PZT.In this study,we sought to enhance the performance of this Basic-LPEG by introducing Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide(AgNPs/GO)composite units(NP-LPEG),creating upgraded harvesting device.Specifically,by depositing the AgNPs/GO units twice onto the Basic-LPEG,we observed an increase in output voltage and current from 241 mV and 3.1μA to 310 mV and 9.3μA,respectively,under a solar simulator.The increase in electrical output directly correlated with the intensity of the light pressure impacting the PZT,as well as matched the Raman measurements,finite-difference time-domain simulations,and COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation.Experimental data revealed that the enhancement in electrical output was proportional to the number of hot spots generated between Ag nanoparticles,where the electric field experienced substantial amplification.These results underline the effectiveness of AgNPs/GO units in boosting the light-induced electric generation capacity,thereby providing a promising pathway for high-efficiency energy harvesting devices.展开更多
To investigate the dispersion and deposition behavior of the nanoparticles(NPs)in the molten steel under the combined effects of turbulent flow and Brownian motion,a 3D model utilizing volume of fluid-discrete phase m...To investigate the dispersion and deposition behavior of the nanoparticles(NPs)in the molten steel under the combined effects of turbulent flow and Brownian motion,a 3D model utilizing volume of fluid-discrete phase model was developed based on a small-size ingot casting process.A modified Brownian motion model was implemented into the simulation using user-defined function to more accurately predict the motion behavior and distribution of the NPs in the molten steel.The results show that the NPs tend to deposit at the bottom or disperse toward the wall under the turbulent flow.The introduction of Brownian motion increases the horizontal dispersion rate(DH)to 21.3%and reduces the bottom deposition rate by 12.8%.A reduction in the particle size and density promotes higher particle mobility,characterized by increased velocity and DH,along with diminished deposition.As the particle size decreases to 1×10^(-7)m,Brownian motion becomes a significant factor influencing the particle dynamics.Additionally,increasing the initial velocity of the molten steel results in a lower DH of the particles.However,once the velocity exceeds 0.15 m s^(-1),its influence on the particle velocity becomes negligible.展开更多
Enhancing the efficiency of phase-change heat storage is vital for maximizing the utilization of renewable energy.This study examines the synergistic effect of non-uniformly shaped fins and nanoparticles on the meltin...Enhancing the efficiency of phase-change heat storage is vital for maximizing the utilization of renewable energy.This study examines the synergistic effect of non-uniformly shaped fins and nanoparticles on the melting performance of phase-change storage tanks.The problem is addressed using a finite volume framework coupled with the enthalpy–porosity method,with the numerical model rigorously validated against experimental data.The analysis explores the influence of varying fin deflection angles and nanoparticle concentrations on melting dynamics.It is shown that a downward fin deflection of 6◦reduces melting time to 570 s,representing a 20.8% improvement over uniform fins.Introducing 1% nanoparticles further accelerates melting,reducing time by 36.54% compared to the nanoparticle-free case.The combined strategy of 6◦fin deflection and 1%nanoparticle addition shows the most economic heat storage rate,achieving an exceptional 80.74% enhancement relative to a tank with uniform fins.展开更多
Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques.Iron oxide nanoparticles,as a promising kind of contrast agents,have attracted intense research interest due to their low toxicity an...Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques.Iron oxide nanoparticles,as a promising kind of contrast agents,have attracted intense research interest due to their low toxicity and superparamagnetism.However,it is still a great challenge to prepare ideal iron oxide based contrast agents with high uniformity,excellent water solubility and biocompatibility.In this paper,a novel water-soluble polymer ligand pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PTMP-PVP)was used as a capping reagent to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP through one-step co-precipitation of iron precursors in aqueous solution at 100℃.The obtained nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP had a small size and narrow size distribution,and they were found to be biocompatible as determined through CCK-8 assay and histology analysis.In vivo MRI study demonstrated that the obtained MIONs@PTMP-PVP can be potentially used as an effective T_(2)-weighted MRI contrast agent.展开更多
The development of polymer nanoparticle composites with enhanced thermal and antibacterial properties is essential for next-generation biomedical materials.However,conventional polymers often exhibit limited bioactivi...The development of polymer nanoparticle composites with enhanced thermal and antibacterial properties is essential for next-generation biomedical materials.However,conventional polymers often exhibit limited bioactivity and poor resistance to degradation,restricting their functional applications.The novelty of this study involves the combination of the bio-derived cross-linker 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan(BAF)into poly(methylmethacrylate)PMMA to form a cross-linked network incorporated with various ratios of ZnO nanoparticles(ZnO NPs),resulting in improved biological and thermal properties.The surface morphologies,material crystallinity,and thermal degradation properties of the synthesized BAF-PMMA/ZnO were investigated using Scanning Electron microscopy(SEM),Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),X-ray diffraction(XRD),andThermogravimetric characterization technique(TGA),respectively.The prepared BAF-PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites showed an enhancement in the crystallinity after increasing the ratio of ZnO NPs compared to the amorphous cross-linked BAF-PMMA polymer.The thermal stability of nanocomposites was significantly enhanced after the introduction of ZnO NPs into crosslinked BAF-PMMA polymer.The resultant nanocomposites BAF-PMMA/ZnO were examined as antibacterial agents against the Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)bacterial strains.The results showed that most BAF-PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites have antibacterial activity against both bacterial species compared to the pure cross-linked BAF-PMMA polymer.The BAF-PMMA/ZnO 10 wt.%sample shows the highest inhibition zone of(16.3±0.33)against E.coli.These outcomes demonstrate that such nanocomposites offer a viable pathway towardmultipurpose biomaterials with exceptional structural and biological features.展开更多
Cancer has been recognized as one of the leading causes of mortality for decades.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a powerful imaging technology that has been widely applied in tumor diagnosis.Herein,we report the syn...Cancer has been recognized as one of the leading causes of mortality for decades.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a powerful imaging technology that has been widely applied in tumor diagnosis.Herein,we report the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(MIONs)functionalized with multidentate thioether polymer ligand pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate-poly(methacrylic acid)(PTMPPMAA).Cytotoxicity assessment via the CCK-8 assay confirmed the low toxicity of the nanoparticles.MRI results showed excellent negative contrast enhancement.Bio-distribution study indicated gradual excretion of the nanoparticles.These MIONs@PTMP-PMAA exhibit strong negative contrast enhancement and present great potential as T_(2)-weighted contrast agents for MRI.展开更多
Developing biomass platform compounds into high value-added chemicals is a key step in renewable resource utilization.Herein,we report porous carbon-supported Ni-ZnO nanoparticles catalyst(Ni-ZnO/AC)synthesized via lo...Developing biomass platform compounds into high value-added chemicals is a key step in renewable resource utilization.Herein,we report porous carbon-supported Ni-ZnO nanoparticles catalyst(Ni-ZnO/AC)synthesized via low-temperature coprecipitation,exhibiting excellent performance for the selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).A linear correlation is first observed between solvent polarity(E_(T)(30))and product selectivity within both polar aprotic and protic solvent classes,suggesting that solvent properties play a vital role in directing reaction pathways.Among these,1,4-dioxane(aprotic)favors the formation of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)with 97.5%selectivity,while isopropanol(iPrOH,protic)promotes 2,5-dimethylfuran production with up to 99.5%selectivity.Mechanistic investigations further reveal that beyond polarity,proton-donating ability is critical in facilitating hydrodeoxygenation.iPrOH enables a hydrogen shuttle mechanism where protons assist in hydroxyl group removal,lowering the activation barrier.In contrast,1,4-dioxane,lacking hydrogen bond donors,stabilizes BHMF and hinders further conversion.Density functional theory calculations confirm a lower activation energy in iPrOH(0.60 eV)compared to 1,4-dioxane(1.07 eV).This work offers mechanistic insights and a practical strategy for solvent-mediated control of product selectivity in biomass hydrogenation,highlighting the decisive role of solvent-catalyst-substrate interactions.展开更多
Neodymium selenide nanoparticles were synthesized and surface-modified usingβ-cyclodextrin-citrate to control agglomeration and achieve the desired particle size.The nanoparticles were characterized by various techni...Neodymium selenide nanoparticles were synthesized and surface-modified usingβ-cyclodextrin-citrate to control agglomeration and achieve the desired particle size.The nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques,including X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).XRD results reveal high crystallinity,with characteristic peaks corresponding to Nd_(2)Se_(3),while TEM analysis shows rod-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of~55 nm.The presence of neodymium and selenium in the+3 oxidation state was confirmed by XPS.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that theβ-cyclodextrin-citrate coating accounts for approximately30%of the nanoparticle mass and remains stable up to 800℃.The optical properties of the nanoparticles were studied using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy,revealing broad absorption in the UV and NIR regions.Magnetic characterization shows soft ferromagnetic behavior,with a saturation magnetization value of0.20 emu/g.The nanoparticles were used for controlled release of 5-fluorouracil,exhibiting a pHsensitive release profile.Studies on MCF-7 cells demonstrate that 5-fluorouracil-loade d nanoparticles enhance cytotoxicity,reactive oxygen species generation,and apoptosis compared to bare nanoparticles.The IC_(50) value of(13.78±1.24)μg/mL indicates a significantly high cytotoxic activity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles against breast cancer cell lines.These findings suggest that the nanoparticles are a promising drug delivery system for enhanced cancer treatment,combining the controlled drug release with targeted cellular effects.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (82272943)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (21Y11913400)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesNational Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFC2407405)
文摘Conventional treatments for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)suffer from low remission rates,high drug resistance,and severe adverse effects.To leverage the therapeutic potential of reactive oxygen species(ROS),nanocatalytic medicine utilizes nanomaterials to generate ROS specifically within tumor sites,enabling efficient and targeted cancer treatment.In this study,hyaluronic acid(HA)-modified copper-N,N-dimethyl-Nphenylsulfonylbisamine(DMSA)-assembled nanoparticles(Cu-DMSA-HA NPs)are developed with tumor-targeting capability and efficiently catalyze ROS production via coordination chemistry.Targeted delivery is facilitated by HA surface modification through recognition of overexpressed cluster of differentiation 44 receptors on cancer cells,which enhances nanoparticle uptake.Once internalized,intracellular glutathione is depleted by the NPs,followed by a Fenton-like reaction that sustains ROS production.Both in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that this catalytic strategy effectively inhibits DNA replication,prevents cell cycle progression,downregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 expression,induces ferroptosis,and ultimately suppresses NSCLC progression.Overall,the readily prepared Cu-DMSA-HA NPs exhibit robust catalytic activity and tumor specificity,highlighting their strong potential for clinical translation in nanocatalytic cancer therapy.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.24-25-20087 to V.K.)。
文摘The highly conserved human leukocyte antigen-A2(HLA-A2)-restricted epitope NS3-1073 represents a promising candidate for a therapeutic vaccine against hepatitis C virus(HCV).In this study,we engineered a set of fusion proteins based on the artificial self-assembling peptide(SAP),which were expressed in Escherichia coli and spontaneously self-assembled into nanosized particles displaying HCV epitopes,including NS3-1073.To enhance immunogenicity,we incorporated the T helper epitope PADRE into the construct.Alpha-helical linkers were introduced between SAP and the epitopes to facilitate proper protein folding.Notably,a helical linker with a high supercoiling propensity enabled soluble expression of the fusion protein containing both the NS3-1073 and PADRE epitopes,allowing purification of the in vivo-formed nanoparticles by metal affinity chromatography.Human dendritic cells derived from peripheral blood monocytes showed robust activation in response to the fusion proteins and preferentially stimulated T lymphocytes toward a Th1-biased immune response.In mice,immunization with nanoparticles carrying NS3-1073 induced splenocyte proliferation in response to in vitro stimulation with a mixture of NS3 peptides.These results demonstrate that recombinant nanoparticle-based carriers presenting the NS3-1073 epitope can be produced in bacterial systems and hold strong potential as a foundation for a therapeutic HCV vaccine.
基金Research Start-Up Fund Project of Anhui Polytechnic University(S022023017)University Research Project of Anhui Province(2023AH050937)+1 种基金Anhui Polytechnic University Research Foundation for Introducing Talents(2022YQQ003)Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Chassis by Wire。
文摘Graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks demonstrate extensive application potential in military equipment thermal management,high-power electronic packaging,new energy vehicles,and 5G communication systems,due to their outstanding properties,including high thermal conductivity,tunable thermal expansion coefficients,excellent mechanical strength,and low density.However,the industrial-scale application of these composites faces critical challenges during the fabrication of components with complex structures,such as inhomogeneous dispersion of graphene within the copper matrix and poor interfacial bonding between the two phases,which substantially undermine the overall performance of graphene/copper-based composites.To address these issues,the preparation methods for graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks were reviewed.For each method,a rigorous analysis was presented to clarify its inherent advantages and unavoidable restrictions.Furthermore,the latest research progress in addressing three core scientific challenges was synthesized,including uniform dispersion of graphene,interfacial optimization mechanisms,and molecular dynamics simulations for elucidating the structure-property relationships.Finally,the future development directions of graphene/copper-based composite heat sinks in engineering applications were prospected.
文摘An upconversion nanoparticle(NaErF_(4)∶Yb/Tm@NaLuF_(4)∶Yb@NaLuF_(4)∶Nd/Yb@NaLuF_(4),noted as UC)was designed,emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser.The mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2))shell co‑doped with chlorin e6(Ce6)and triethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H‑nonafluorohexyl)silane(TFS)was coated on the outer layer of UC,and then a layer of HKUST‑1 shell was coated.The obtained nanocomposite UC@Ce6/TFS@mSiO_(2)@HKUST‑1(noted as UCTSH)was used for the synergistic treatment of chemodynamic therapy(CDT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT).Interestingly,the nanostructures can specifically re lease Cu^(2+)in the acidic tumor microenvironment.Cu^(2+)reacts with excess hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in the tumor microenvironment to form cytotoxic hydroxyl radical.Secondly,Ce6,with the action of oxygen‑carrying TFS,selectively produces a large amount of singlet oxygen by 808 nm laser irradiation.UCTSH can enhance the anti‑tumor effects of PDT and CDT by increasing the production level of reactive oxygen species,without causing damage to normal cells.
文摘CO_(2)reduction technology can promote the resource utilization of carbon and help alleviate global warming and energy supply pressure.It is an effective way to achieve energy conversion and utilization.Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are porous crystalline materials formed by connecting organic monomers through covalent bonds.They have the characteristics of functional diversity and rich chemical properties.Their advantages,such as high porosity,a wide range of visible light absorption,and excellent charge separation efficiency,give them good potential in CO_(2)capture,separation,and conversion.Currently,Cu is a key metal in the catalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)for the preparation of high-value-added chemicals.The preparation of highly stable and large-pore Cu-based COFs using COFs as an ideal sacrificial template for loading Cu can be used to develop high-performance electrocatalysts and photocatalysts.In this review,we discuss the latest advancements in this field,including the development of various Cu-based COFs and their applications as catalysts for CO_(2)RR.Here,we mainly introduce the synthesis strategies,some important characterization information,and the applications of electrocatalytic and photocatalytic CO_(2)conversion using these previously reported Cu-based COFs.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XPDB0750300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22036002, 22325606,22206037, 22106176, and 21527901)the Scientific Instrument and Equipment Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.YJKYYQ20210020).
文摘The widespread use and casual disposal of nanoproducts increase human exposure to nanoparticles(NPs),posing potential health risks.When coming into contact with biofluid,NPs passively move in the bloodstream and reach target organs and cells.The nano-bio interactions,distribution,and fate of NPs are highly dependent on their physicochemical properties after direct exposure into the systemic circulation.In this study,silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)with the same size,shape,surface chemistry,and particle number but different densities were co-exposed to mice to explore their blood circulation and liver accumulation.The co-exposure avoids the individual differences in a single-material exposure model.Post-exposure,Au remained longer in the bloodstream than Ag,while 92.2%of the injected dose(%ID)of Ag accumulated in the liver compared to 78.0%for Au.Over a span of 3 to 72 h,Ag content in bloodstream increased while Au was undetectable.In the liver,the%ID of Ag sharply decreased to 9.4%,while the%ID of Au remained nearly unchanged.We proved the gradual dissociation of AgNPs into Ag ions using a fluorescent probe.Therefore,density-dependent dynamics of NPs in the blood caused greater liver accumulation of low-density Ag.However,the gradual degradation of AgNPs contributes to a high degree of distribution of Ag in the body while the AuNPs remain sequestered in the liver.This study implies that the dynamic transformation of NPs complicates their density-dependent retention,which are plausible to determine the accumulation and biological effects to the organisms.
基金funded by Taibah University,Madinah,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia-with the grant number(447-16-1081).
文摘Objectives:Prostate cancer cells often develop mechanisms to evade conventional therapies.Nanomedicine offers the potential for targeted drug delivery,improved tumor accumulation,and reduced systemic toxicity.This study biosynthesizes silver nanoparticles(NPP/AgONPs)functionalized with propolis,evaluates their antibacterial efficacy against uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli(E.coli),and assesses their cytotoxic effect on cancer cell proliferation using the PC-3,human prostate epithelial cell line.Methods:The synthesized NPP/AgONPs physiochemical parameters were characterized,followed by in vitro assays to evaluate their antibacterial activity against multiple uropathogenic E.coli strains;determining the cytotoxicity against HPrEC and PC-3 cells by measuring cytotoxicity(CC_(50))and inhibition concentration(IC_(50)),respectively;analyzing cell cycle distribution and apoptosis via flow cytometry;and quantifying the reactive oxygen species(ROS),Caspase 3,and Caspase 8 expression in treated cells to elucidate mechanisms of cell death and growth inhibition.Results:NPP/AgONPs exhibited an average particle size of 22 nm,with four major X-ray diffraction(XRD)peaks corresponding to Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards(JCPDS)No.01-1164,confirming their crystallinity.Moreover,the UV-vis absorbance at 390 nm yielded an energy gap of 2.45 eV.Antibacterial testing showed potent activity against the tested E.coli strains.In HPrEC and PC-3 cells,the CC_(50) was 262.04µg/mL,while the IC_(50) was 25.34μg/mL,respectively.Flow cytometry revealed increased apoptosis in the NPP/AgONPs-treated group across all stages,including early,late,and dead cells,compared with the controls.ROS,Caspase 3,and Caspase 8 levels were inflected in NPP/AgONPs-treated cells,showing apoptotic and growth-inhibitory effects.Conclusion:The propolis coating improves the nanoparticles’biocompatibility while enabling potent ROS-mediated apoptosis and cell-cycle disruption in PC-3 cells.These findings support the potential of NPP/AgONPs as a synergistic therapeutic platform,though optimization of dosing,detailed mechanism elucidation,and assessment of long-term safety are warranted.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52371169)。
文摘We prepared Co_(x)Pt_(100-x)(x=40,45,50,55,60)nanoparticles by the sol-gel method.The phase composition and crystal structure,morphology and microstructure,and magnetic properties of the samples were characterized and tested using X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM),respectively.The results demonstrate that the coercivity of CoPt nanoparticles can be effectively controlled by adjusting the atomic ratio of Co and Pt in the samples.Among the compositions studied,the Co_(45)Pt_(55)sample synthesized by the sol-gel method exhibits smaller grain size and a coercivity as high as 6.65×10^(5) A/m is achieved.The morphology and microstructure of the nanoparticles were analyzed by TEM images,indicating that a slight excess of Pt can effectively enhance the coercivity of CoPt nanoparticles.
文摘Metallic copper nanoparticles are a promising alternative to gold and silver in printed electronics due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity.However,their synthesis is often hindered by rapid oxidation and limited scalability.This work presents a microwave-assisted polyol process for the rapid and scalable production of metallic Cu micro-and nanoparticles,performed in air without the need for an inert atmosphere.Ethylene glycol acts as both solvent and reducing agent,while lignin serves as a renewable capping agent.Reaction time is reduced to 10 min in batch mode,and the process is scaled up to a continuous-flow microwave system,achieving production rates of~5gh^(-1).Particle sizes range from 800 to 40 nm depending on lignin content and metal seeding.After pressure or low-temperature(150℃)treatment,the materials reach conductivities between 30 and 100 lΩcm.These metallic copper nanoparticles show strong potential for use in sustainable conductive inks for flexible and printed electronics.
基金supported by Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(RS-2022-00154720,Technology Innovation Program Development of next-generation power semiconductor based on Si-on-SiC structure)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)by the Korea government(RS-2023-NR076826)Global-Learning&Academic Research Institution for Master's·PhD students,and Postdocs(LAMP)Program of the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)by the Ministry of Education(No.RS-2024-00443714).
文摘Improving device efficiency is fundamental for advancing energy harvesting technology,particularly in systems designed to convert light energy into electrical output.In our previous studies,we developed a basic structure light pressure electric generator(Basic-LPEG),which utilized a layered configuration of Ag/Pb(Zr,Ti)O_(3)(PZT)/Pt/GaAs to generate electricity based on light-induced pressure on the PZT.In this study,we sought to enhance the performance of this Basic-LPEG by introducing Ag nanoparticles/graphene oxide(AgNPs/GO)composite units(NP-LPEG),creating upgraded harvesting device.Specifically,by depositing the AgNPs/GO units twice onto the Basic-LPEG,we observed an increase in output voltage and current from 241 mV and 3.1μA to 310 mV and 9.3μA,respectively,under a solar simulator.The increase in electrical output directly correlated with the intensity of the light pressure impacting the PZT,as well as matched the Raman measurements,finite-difference time-domain simulations,and COMSOL Multiphysics Simulation.Experimental data revealed that the enhancement in electrical output was proportional to the number of hot spots generated between Ag nanoparticles,where the electric field experienced substantial amplification.These results underline the effectiveness of AgNPs/GO units in boosting the light-induced electric generation capacity,thereby providing a promising pathway for high-efficiency energy harvesting devices.
基金supported by the 111 Project(2.0)of China(No.BP0719037)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51474065).
文摘To investigate the dispersion and deposition behavior of the nanoparticles(NPs)in the molten steel under the combined effects of turbulent flow and Brownian motion,a 3D model utilizing volume of fluid-discrete phase model was developed based on a small-size ingot casting process.A modified Brownian motion model was implemented into the simulation using user-defined function to more accurately predict the motion behavior and distribution of the NPs in the molten steel.The results show that the NPs tend to deposit at the bottom or disperse toward the wall under the turbulent flow.The introduction of Brownian motion increases the horizontal dispersion rate(DH)to 21.3%and reduces the bottom deposition rate by 12.8%.A reduction in the particle size and density promotes higher particle mobility,characterized by increased velocity and DH,along with diminished deposition.As the particle size decreases to 1×10^(-7)m,Brownian motion becomes a significant factor influencing the particle dynamics.Additionally,increasing the initial velocity of the molten steel results in a lower DH of the particles.However,once the velocity exceeds 0.15 m s^(-1),its influence on the particle velocity becomes negligible.
文摘Enhancing the efficiency of phase-change heat storage is vital for maximizing the utilization of renewable energy.This study examines the synergistic effect of non-uniformly shaped fins and nanoparticles on the melting performance of phase-change storage tanks.The problem is addressed using a finite volume framework coupled with the enthalpy–porosity method,with the numerical model rigorously validated against experimental data.The analysis explores the influence of varying fin deflection angles and nanoparticle concentrations on melting dynamics.It is shown that a downward fin deflection of 6◦reduces melting time to 570 s,representing a 20.8% improvement over uniform fins.Introducing 1% nanoparticles further accelerates melting,reducing time by 36.54% compared to the nanoparticle-free case.The combined strategy of 6◦fin deflection and 1%nanoparticle addition shows the most economic heat storage rate,achieving an exceptional 80.74% enhancement relative to a tank with uniform fins.
基金financially supported by the International Cooperation Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(No.2023EHA069)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20230807143702005)National Foreign Experts Program(No.G2022027015L)。
文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is one of the most widely used diagnostic techniques.Iron oxide nanoparticles,as a promising kind of contrast agents,have attracted intense research interest due to their low toxicity and superparamagnetism.However,it is still a great challenge to prepare ideal iron oxide based contrast agents with high uniformity,excellent water solubility and biocompatibility.In this paper,a novel water-soluble polymer ligand pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate-poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)(PTMP-PVP)was used as a capping reagent to prepare iron oxide nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP through one-step co-precipitation of iron precursors in aqueous solution at 100℃.The obtained nanoparticles MIONs@PTMP-PVP had a small size and narrow size distribution,and they were found to be biocompatible as determined through CCK-8 assay and histology analysis.In vivo MRI study demonstrated that the obtained MIONs@PTMP-PVP can be potentially used as an effective T_(2)-weighted MRI contrast agent.
文摘The development of polymer nanoparticle composites with enhanced thermal and antibacterial properties is essential for next-generation biomedical materials.However,conventional polymers often exhibit limited bioactivity and poor resistance to degradation,restricting their functional applications.The novelty of this study involves the combination of the bio-derived cross-linker 2,5-bis(aminomethyl)furan(BAF)into poly(methylmethacrylate)PMMA to form a cross-linked network incorporated with various ratios of ZnO nanoparticles(ZnO NPs),resulting in improved biological and thermal properties.The surface morphologies,material crystallinity,and thermal degradation properties of the synthesized BAF-PMMA/ZnO were investigated using Scanning Electron microscopy(SEM),Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),X-ray diffraction(XRD),andThermogravimetric characterization technique(TGA),respectively.The prepared BAF-PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites showed an enhancement in the crystallinity after increasing the ratio of ZnO NPs compared to the amorphous cross-linked BAF-PMMA polymer.The thermal stability of nanocomposites was significantly enhanced after the introduction of ZnO NPs into crosslinked BAF-PMMA polymer.The resultant nanocomposites BAF-PMMA/ZnO were examined as antibacterial agents against the Escherichia coli(E.coli)and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)bacterial strains.The results showed that most BAF-PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites have antibacterial activity against both bacterial species compared to the pure cross-linked BAF-PMMA polymer.The BAF-PMMA/ZnO 10 wt.%sample shows the highest inhibition zone of(16.3±0.33)against E.coli.These outcomes demonstrate that such nanocomposites offer a viable pathway towardmultipurpose biomaterials with exceptional structural and biological features.
基金financially supported by the International Cooperation Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(No.2023EHA069)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20230807143702005)+1 种基金National Foreign Experts Program(No.G2022027015L)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302265).
文摘Cancer has been recognized as one of the leading causes of mortality for decades.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)is a powerful imaging technology that has been widely applied in tumor diagnosis.Herein,we report the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(MIONs)functionalized with multidentate thioether polymer ligand pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate-poly(methacrylic acid)(PTMPPMAA).Cytotoxicity assessment via the CCK-8 assay confirmed the low toxicity of the nanoparticles.MRI results showed excellent negative contrast enhancement.Bio-distribution study indicated gradual excretion of the nanoparticles.These MIONs@PTMP-PMAA exhibit strong negative contrast enhancement and present great potential as T_(2)-weighted contrast agents for MRI.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation of China for Excellent Young Scientists Fund(32222058)Fundamental Research Foundation of CAF(CAFYBB2022QB001).
文摘Developing biomass platform compounds into high value-added chemicals is a key step in renewable resource utilization.Herein,we report porous carbon-supported Ni-ZnO nanoparticles catalyst(Ni-ZnO/AC)synthesized via low-temperature coprecipitation,exhibiting excellent performance for the selective hydrogenation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF).A linear correlation is first observed between solvent polarity(E_(T)(30))and product selectivity within both polar aprotic and protic solvent classes,suggesting that solvent properties play a vital role in directing reaction pathways.Among these,1,4-dioxane(aprotic)favors the formation of 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan(BHMF)with 97.5%selectivity,while isopropanol(iPrOH,protic)promotes 2,5-dimethylfuran production with up to 99.5%selectivity.Mechanistic investigations further reveal that beyond polarity,proton-donating ability is critical in facilitating hydrodeoxygenation.iPrOH enables a hydrogen shuttle mechanism where protons assist in hydroxyl group removal,lowering the activation barrier.In contrast,1,4-dioxane,lacking hydrogen bond donors,stabilizes BHMF and hinders further conversion.Density functional theory calculations confirm a lower activation energy in iPrOH(0.60 eV)compared to 1,4-dioxane(1.07 eV).This work offers mechanistic insights and a practical strategy for solvent-mediated control of product selectivity in biomass hydrogenation,highlighting the decisive role of solvent-catalyst-substrate interactions.
文摘Neodymium selenide nanoparticles were synthesized and surface-modified usingβ-cyclodextrin-citrate to control agglomeration and achieve the desired particle size.The nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques,including X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).XRD results reveal high crystallinity,with characteristic peaks corresponding to Nd_(2)Se_(3),while TEM analysis shows rod-shaped nanoparticles with an average size of~55 nm.The presence of neodymium and selenium in the+3 oxidation state was confirmed by XPS.Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that theβ-cyclodextrin-citrate coating accounts for approximately30%of the nanoparticle mass and remains stable up to 800℃.The optical properties of the nanoparticles were studied using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy,revealing broad absorption in the UV and NIR regions.Magnetic characterization shows soft ferromagnetic behavior,with a saturation magnetization value of0.20 emu/g.The nanoparticles were used for controlled release of 5-fluorouracil,exhibiting a pHsensitive release profile.Studies on MCF-7 cells demonstrate that 5-fluorouracil-loade d nanoparticles enhance cytotoxicity,reactive oxygen species generation,and apoptosis compared to bare nanoparticles.The IC_(50) value of(13.78±1.24)μg/mL indicates a significantly high cytotoxic activity of the drug-loaded nanoparticles against breast cancer cell lines.These findings suggest that the nanoparticles are a promising drug delivery system for enhanced cancer treatment,combining the controlled drug release with targeted cellular effects.
