In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics...In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics.Given copper's extensive industrial applications,sustainable recovery from low-grade ores is critical.Five key parameters-acid concentration,leaching time,particle size,temperature,and solids percentage-were identified as major influences on copper recovery.The results revealed that leaching time and solids percentage,along with interactions between temperature-time and temperature-solids percentage,had the most significant effects.Optimal conditions for 80% copper recovery while minimizing iron recovery below 3% included an acid concentration of 1.21 mol L^(-1),a leaching time of 108 min,a particle size of 438μm,a temperature of 45℃,and a solids percentage of 18.2%.Leaching kinetics were analyzed using shrinking core models,with the Dickinson model best describing the process,showing an activation energy of 32.63 kJ mol^(-1),indicative of mixed diffusion and chemical reaction control.The final kinetic model effectively predicted the influence of key parameters.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing process variables and selecting suitable kinetic models to enhance extraction efficiency,reduce costs,and improve sustainability in copper recovery.展开更多
The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals,where electron tran...The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals,where electron transfer at the electrode produces catalysts with more valence states.Among these transition metal catalysts,electrochemical conversions catalyzed by inexpensive copper metals have received considerable attention.This article systematically investigated this field and reviewed the electrochemical copper catalytic methods applied in organic synthesis from the different activation modes of substrates,which can be broadly classified into the functionalization of C=C bonds,C-H bond activation,C-C and C-X bond activation,and so on.展开更多
The present work provides a facile and efficient method for producing ultrafine copper powders.Ultrafine copper powders were synthesized through a solvothermal method,utilizing ethanol both as a solvent and a reducing...The present work provides a facile and efficient method for producing ultrafine copper powders.Ultrafine copper powders were synthesized through a solvothermal method,utilizing ethanol both as a solvent and a reducing agent.Specifically,by exploiting the weak reducing property of ethanol,the copper precursor is first converted to copper oxide and then further reduced to cuprous oxide and pure copper.Such a method can effectively control the morphology and particle size of the copper powder,reduce particle aggregation,and enhance oxidation resistance.It is cost-effective and produces fewer toxic by-products.Spherical copper particles with an average particle size of about 180 nm were obtained.The initial oxidation temperature is approximately 150℃,and the resulting copper powders can be stored stably under ambient conditions for at least 5 months,demonstrating excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability.展开更多
Copper ions are essential for cellular function but can induce cytotoxic effects when dysregulated.This review explores the multifaceted role of copper in cancer metabolism with a focus on the novel concept of cupropt...Copper ions are essential for cellular function but can induce cytotoxic effects when dysregulated.This review explores the multifaceted role of copper in cancer metabolism with a focus on the novel concept of cuproptosis,a regulated form of cell death triggered by copper accumulation.The mechanisms underlying copper homeostasis are detailed,including dietary absorption,systemic distribution,and intracellular utilization.Key transporters,such as copper transporter 1(CTR1)and ATPase copper transporting alpha/b(ATP7A/B),are highlighted.Cancer cells often exhibit elevated copper levels,supporting proliferation and metastasis through pro-tumorigenic pathways.Recent studies have shown that disrupting copper homeostasis can induce cuproptosis,which is characterized by the aggregation of lipoylated mitochondrial proteins and disruption of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis.Advances in copper-based nanotechnology have enabled targeted delivery of copper to tumors,enhancing therapeutic efficacy through synergistic effects with reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and immunomodulation.However,the hypoxic tumor microenvironment poses significant challenges by upregulating copper-sequestering proteins and downregulating key cuproptosis mediators.Future directions include integrating multi-omics approaches to identify novel therapeutic targets and developing combination therapies to overcome hypoxia-induced resistance.This review provides a comprehensive overview of copper metabolism in cancer,emphasizing the potential of cuproptosis induction as a powerful strategy for oncologic intervention.展开更多
The formation of copper deposits is closely related to hydrothermal processes.Understanding the migration of copper in hydrothermal fluids aids in reconstructing mineralization processes and deciphering deposit genesi...The formation of copper deposits is closely related to hydrothermal processes.Understanding the migration of copper in hydrothermal fluids aids in reconstructing mineralization processes and deciphering deposit genesis.Copper primarily exists as Cu^(+)and Cu^(2+)in hydrothermal solutions,with redox conditions governing their interconversion.In chloride-rich geological fluids,Cu-Cl complexes are considered critical for copper transport.However,the specific types and valence transitions of Cu-Cl complexes under varying hydrothermal conditions remain poorly understood.This study employed in situ Raman spectroscopy to systematically analyze Cu+HCl and CuCl_(2)+K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2) systems under saturated vapor pressure at 25-300℃,elucidating the effects of temperature,Cl^(-)concentration,and redox conditions on copper speciation.In the Cu^(+)HCl system,copper dissolved as monovalent Cu-Cl complexes.At high temperatures(>200℃),[CuCl_(2)]^(-)is the dominated species,whereas[CuCl_(3)]^(2-)becomes prevalent at lower temperatures and higher HCl concentrations.For the Cu^(2+)-Cl system,the dominant species transitioned from[Cu(H_(2)O)n]^(2+)(<50℃)to[CuCl_(4)]^(2-)(100℃)and further to[CuCl]^(+)and[CuCl_(2)]^(0) at 300℃.The introduction of reducing agents(K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2))facilitated Cu^(2+)→Cu^(+)reduction,thereby stabilizing Cu^(+)-Cl complexes and inducing partial copper precipitation.The behavior of copper in chloriderich hydrothermal fluids observed in this study indicates that high-temperature oxidizing fluids facilitate Cu mobilization,while cooling and redox changes promote deposition and ore minerals formation.展开更多
It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla we...It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla were investigated,its impact on sulfidation flotation was explored,and the mechanisms involved in both fluoride roasting and sulfidation flotation were discussed.With CaF_(2)as the roasting reagent,Na_(2)S·9H_(2)O as the sulfidation reagent,and sodium butyl xanthate(NaBX)as the collector,the results of the flotation experiments showed that fluoride roasting improved the floatability of chrysocolla,and the recovery rate increased from 16.87%to 82.74%.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that after fluoride roasting,approximately all the Cu on the chrysocolla surface was exposed in the form of CuO,which could provide a basis for subsequent sulfidation flotation.The microscopy and elemental analyses revealed that large quantities of"pagoda-like"grains were observed on the sulfidation surface of the fluoride-roasted chrysocolla,indicating high crystallinity particles of copper sulfide.This suggests that the effect of sulfide formation on the chrysocolla surface was more pronounced.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that fluoride roasting increased the relative contents of sulfur and copper on the surface and that both the Cu~+and polysulfide fractions on the surface of the minerals increased.This enhances the effect of sulfidation,which is conducive to flotation recovery.Therefore,fluoride roasting improved the effect of copper species transformation and sulfidation on the surface of chysocolla,promoted the adsorption of collectors,and improved the recovery of chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation.展开更多
Copper consumption increased very quickly in China in recent years,which could not be met by inland copper industry.In order to achieve a sustainable development of copper industry,an analysis of copper recycling in C...Copper consumption increased very quickly in China in recent years,which could not be met by inland copper industry.In order to achieve a sustainable development of copper industry,an analysis of copper recycling in China was necessary.For the life cycle of copper products a copper-flow diagram with time factor was worked out and the contemporary copper recycling in China was analyzed,from which the following data were obtained.The average life cycle of copper products was 30 years.From 1998 to 2002,the use ratio of copper scraps in copper production,the use ratio of copper scraps in copper manufacture,the materials self-support ratio in copper production,and the materials self-support ratio in copper manufacture were 26.50%,15.49%,48.05% and 59.41%,respectively.The materials self-support ratios in copper production and manufacture declined year by year in recent years on the whole,and the latter dropped more quickly.The average index of copper ore and copper scrap from 1998 to 2002 were 0.8475 t/t and 0.0736 t/t,respectively;and copper resource efficiency was 1.1855 t/t.Some efforts should be paid to reduce copper ores consumption and promote copper scraps regeneration.Copper scraps were mostly imported from foreign countries because of shortage in recent years in China.Here the reasons related to copper scraps deficiency were also demonstrated.But we can forecast:when copper production was in a slow rise or in a steady state in China,the deficiency of copper scraps may be mitigated;when copper production was in a steady state for a very long time,copper scraps may become relatively abundant.According to the status of copper industry in China,the raw materials of copper production and manufacture have to depend on oversea markets heavily in recent years,and at the same time,the copper scraps using proportion and efficiency in copper industry should be improved.展开更多
Copper smelting is the main source of arsenic pollution in the environment,and China is the largest country for copper smelting.Taking 2022 as an example,this study analyzes the distribution and fate of arsenic across...Copper smelting is the main source of arsenic pollution in the environment,and China is the largest country for copper smelting.Taking 2022 as an example,this study analyzes the distribution and fate of arsenic across the copper mining,beneficiation,and smelting processes using a life-cycle approach,providing important insights for arsenic pollution prevention and the resource utilization of arsenic-bearing solid waste.The results show that the amount of As in waste rock,tailing and concentrate are 53483 t,86632 t,76162 t,respectively.After smelting treatment,the amount of arsenic in different types of solid waste,wastewater,waste gas and products are 76128 t,1 t,31 t and 2 t,respectively,and the proportion in arsenic sulfide slag is the highest(55%).The amount of emission to the environment is 32 t,accounting for only 0.04%of total amount.In the future,key considerations are to improve the resource utilization rate of arsenic-containing solid waste(tailing,smelting slag),especially arsenic sulfide slag,and to digest its environmental risk.展开更多
Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is...Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.展开更多
This study was conducted in two sections.Initially,the effects of NaCl,MgCl_(2),and urea were investigated on extracting copper and iron from chalcopyrite.Subsequently,CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes for supercapacitor...This study was conducted in two sections.Initially,the effects of NaCl,MgCl_(2),and urea were investigated on extracting copper and iron from chalcopyrite.Subsequently,CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes for supercapacitors were synthesized using the extracted solution.The first phase revealed that 3 mol/L NaCl achieved the highest extraction performance,yielding 60%Cu and 23%Fe.MgCl_(2)at 1.5 mol/L extracted 52%Cu and 27%Fe,while a combination of 0.5 mol/L MgCl_(2)and 1.6 mol/L urea yielded 57%Cu and 20%Fe.Urea effectively reduced iron levels.CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes were then successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method using a MgCl_(2)-urea solution.Characterization studies confirmed CuFe_(2)O_(4)formation with a 2D structure and 45−50 nm wall thickness on nickel foam.Electrochemical analysis showed a specific capacitance of 725 mF/cm^(2)at 2 mA/cm^(2)current density,with energy and power densities of 12.3 mW·h/cm^(2)and 175 mW/cm^(2),respectively.These findings suggest that chalcopyrite has the potential for direct use in energy storage.展开更多
In the early morning,the constant jingling and crackling echoed through the deep valley of Aima Township,Namling County,Xigaze City,where a group of apprentices at the Tsedong Gold-Copper Buddha Statue Center for Anci...In the early morning,the constant jingling and crackling echoed through the deep valley of Aima Township,Namling County,Xigaze City,where a group of apprentices at the Tsedong Gold-Copper Buddha Statue Center for Ancient Craftsmanship and Technique were diligently creating their handcrafted works.展开更多
The copper-cerium catalysts demonstrate high efficiency in CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).However,the mechanism governing the formation of C_(2)H_(4)and CH_(4)by regulating Cu bulk phase structure at the copper-c...The copper-cerium catalysts demonstrate high efficiency in CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).However,the mechanism governing the formation of C_(2)H_(4)and CH_(4)by regulating Cu bulk phase structure at the copper-cerium interface remains unclear due to the instability and dynamic evaluations of copper species.Herein,we synthesized CeO_(2)-CuO containing solely Cu^(2+)species and CeO_(2)-Cu featuring predominantly metallic Cu species at the interface,which exhibit stable structures under various potentials,offering ideal models for in-depth mechanistic studies.The C_(2)H_(4)is the main product over the CeO_(2)-CuO catalyst,exhibiting a Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 42.3%±1.4%,while CH_(4)is the primary product over the CeO_(2)-Cu catalyst,with a FE of 32.4%±1.3%.These results demonstrate that regulating bulk phase Cu structure at the copper-cerium interface influences the selectivity of hydrocarbon products.The operando ATR-SEIRAS finds that CeO_(2)-CuO surfaces with single linear*CO adsorption are advantageous for synthesizing*COCO,whereas bridge-bonded*CO adsorption promoted*CHO formation.Furthermore,DFT simulations demonstrate that the energy barrier of CO-CO coupling(C_(2)H_(4)pathway)at the CeO_(2)-CuO interface decreases as compared to the CeO_(2)-Cu catalyst,thus indicating a facilitated conversion of the CO_(2)to C_(2)H_(4).This research deepens the mechanistic understanding of the copper-cerium system during CO_(2)RR and effectively formulates a strategy for developing high-selectivity catalysts.展开更多
Waterborne pathogens pose a lifelong threat, necessitating advanced disinfection systemswith state-of-the-art materials. Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG), a 3-dimensional form ofgraphene, is a widely known electrode mater...Waterborne pathogens pose a lifelong threat, necessitating advanced disinfection systemswith state-of-the-art materials. Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG), a 3-dimensional form ofgraphene, is a widely known electrode material for its electrically-induced antimicrobialproperties. However, LIG surfaces exhibit antimicrobial properties exclusively in the presenceof electricity. In this work, copper-doped LIG (Cu-LIG) composite electrodes and filterswere developed with enhanced antimicrobial properties in single-step laser scribing. Thework emphasizes the optimization of copper doping with LIG for both electrical and nonelectrical-based disinfection. The copper doping was optimized to a minimal concentration(∼1%) just to enhance the electrochemical properties of LIG. Furthermore, the excess additionof copper was helpful towards non-electricity-based treatment without significantleaching. The prepared surfaces were tested in both electrodes and filter configuration andshowed excellent antibacterial and antiviral activity against mixed bacterial culture and amodel enteric virus, MS2 bacteriophage. On the application of 2.5 V with Cu-LIG electrodes,6-log removal of bacteria and virus was achieved. Furthermore, the membrane-based electroconductivefilters were tested in a flow-through configuration and demonstrated 6-logremoval at 2.5 V with a flux of ∼ 500 (L·m^(2))/h with both bacteria and viruses at minimumenergy expense. Additionally, reactive oxygen species scavenging and hydrogen peroxidegeneration experiments have confirmed the role of electrical effects and indirect oxidationon the inactivation mechanism. The prepared Cu-LIG composite surfaces showed potentialfor environmental remediation applications.展开更多
Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central ne...Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.展开更多
The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays a...The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.展开更多
Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of L...Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.展开更多
Approximately 3.44 billion tons of copper mine tailings(MT)were produced globally in 2018 with an increase of 45%from 2010.Significant efforts are being made to manage these tailings through storage facilities,recycli...Approximately 3.44 billion tons of copper mine tailings(MT)were produced globally in 2018 with an increase of 45%from 2010.Significant efforts are being made to manage these tailings through storage facilities,recycling,and reuse in different industries.Currently,a large portion of tailings are managed through the tailing storage facilities(TSF)where these tailings undergo hydro-thermal-mechanical stresses with seasonal cycles which are not comprehensively understood.This study presents an investigative study to evaluate the performance of control and cement-stabilized copper MT under the influence of seasonal cycles,freeze-thaw(F-T)and wet-dry(W-D)conditions,representing the seasonal variability in the cold and arid regions.The control and cement-stabilized MT samples were subjected to a maximum of 12 F-T and 12 W-D cycles and corresponding micro-and-macro behavior was investigated through scanning electron microscope(SEM),volumetric strain(εvT,wet density(r),moisture content loss,and unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests.The results indicated the vulnerability of Copper MT to 67%and 75%strength loss reaching residual states with 12 F-T and 8 W-D cycles,respectively.Whereas the stabilized MT retained 39%-55%and 16%-34%strength with F-T and W-D cycles,demonstrating increased durability.This research highlights the impact of seasonal cycles and corresponding strength-deformation characteristics of control and stabilized Copper MT in cold and arid regions.展开更多
Background Copper(Cu)is a pervasive environmental pollutant with significant hepatotoxic effects in animals.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)interacts closely with lysosomes to maintain intracellular homeostasis.However,t...Background Copper(Cu)is a pervasive environmental pollutant with significant hepatotoxic effects in animals.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)interacts closely with lysosomes to maintain intracellular homeostasis.However,the role and mechanism of ER-lysosome crosstalk in Cu-induced liver injury in ducks remains unclear.To investigate this,we established both an in vivo model of Cu-exposed ducks and an in vitro model of duck hepatocytes,and added baicalin(Ba)to further explore its protective effects.Results The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to Cu resulted in vacuolar degeneration and oxidative stress in duck hepatocytes,while ultrastructural observations revealed ER swelling and an increased number of autophagic lysosomes.Furthermore,Cu exposure significantly upregulated mRNA and protein levels related to ER stress,autophagy,and lysosomal membrane factors.It also markedly increased ER-lysosomal co-localization.Further experiments showed that knockdown of LAPTM4B significantly attenuated Cu-induced ER autophagy and reduced ER-lysosomal co-localization in hepatocytes.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that LAPTM4B has a stable binding site to Ba;in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ba could effectively alleviate Cuinduced ER-lysosome crosstalk in duck hepatocytes and reduce hepatocyte injury by targeting LAPTM4B;additionally,in vivo experiments showed that Ba significantly inhibits Cu-induced liver injury in ducks.Conclusions In summary,the present study demonstrates that Cu exposure disrupts ER-lysosomal crosstalk in duck liver,leading to ER-lysosomal damage and subsequent hepatocyte injury.In contrast,Ba alleviates this injury by selectively targeting LAPTM4B,ultimately attenuating Cu-induced hepatotoxicity.展开更多
Copper and cobalt were recovered from SICOMINES mining waste rock in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The process mineralogy of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectro...Copper and cobalt were recovered from SICOMINES mining waste rock in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The process mineralogy of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results showed that copper minerals exhibited various forms and uneven particle sizes,while cobalt existed in the form of highly dispersed asbolane,and large amounts of easily slimed gangue minerals were filled in the samples,making it difficult to separate copper and cobalt minerals.The particle size range plays a decisive role in selecting the separation method for the copper−cobalt ore.Gravity separation was suitable for particles ranging from 43 to 246μm,while flotation was more effective for particles below 43μm.After ore grinding and particle size classification,applying a combined gravity separation(shaking table)−flotation method yielded concentrated minerals with a copper recovery of 72.83%and a cobalt recovery of 31.13%.展开更多
Numerous intermediate to felsic igneous rocks are present in both subduction and collisional orogens.However,porphyry copper deposits(PCDs)are comparatively rare.The underlying factors that differentiate fertile magma...Numerous intermediate to felsic igneous rocks are present in both subduction and collisional orogens.However,porphyry copper deposits(PCDs)are comparatively rare.The underlying factors that differentiate fertile magmas,which give rise to PCDs,from barren magmas in a specific geological setting are not well understood.In this study,three supervised machine learning algorithms:random forest(RF),logistic regression(LR)and support vector machine(SVM)were employed to classify metallogenic fertility in southeastern Tibet,Sanjiang orogenic belt,based on whole-rock trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic ratios.The performance of the RF model is better than LR and SVM models.Feature importance analysis of the models reveals that the concentration of Y,Eu,and Th,along with Sr-Nd isotope compositions are crucial variables in distinguishing fertile and barren samples.However,when the optimized models were applied to predict the datasets of Miocene Gangdese porphyry copper belt and Jurassic Gangdese arc representing collision and subduction settings respectively,a marked decline in metrics occurred in all three models,particularly on the subduction dataset.This substantial decrease indicates the compositional characteristics of intrusions across different tectonic settings could be diverse in a multidimensional space,highlighting the complex interplay of geological factors influencing PCD’s formation.展开更多
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
文摘In this study,copper extraction from low-grade oxide-sulfide ores was investigated using a leaching method combined with response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize operational conditions and assess leaching kinetics.Given copper's extensive industrial applications,sustainable recovery from low-grade ores is critical.Five key parameters-acid concentration,leaching time,particle size,temperature,and solids percentage-were identified as major influences on copper recovery.The results revealed that leaching time and solids percentage,along with interactions between temperature-time and temperature-solids percentage,had the most significant effects.Optimal conditions for 80% copper recovery while minimizing iron recovery below 3% included an acid concentration of 1.21 mol L^(-1),a leaching time of 108 min,a particle size of 438μm,a temperature of 45℃,and a solids percentage of 18.2%.Leaching kinetics were analyzed using shrinking core models,with the Dickinson model best describing the process,showing an activation energy of 32.63 kJ mol^(-1),indicative of mixed diffusion and chemical reaction control.The final kinetic model effectively predicted the influence of key parameters.These findings highlight the importance of optimizing process variables and selecting suitable kinetic models to enhance extraction efficiency,reduce costs,and improve sustainability in copper recovery.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22271166)the Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter,Nankai University (No.63181206) for generous financial support for our programs。
文摘The combination of electrochemistry and metal catalysts has been a popular research topic in the field of organic synthesis due to the abundance and controllable valence states of transition metals,where electron transfer at the electrode produces catalysts with more valence states.Among these transition metal catalysts,electrochemical conversions catalyzed by inexpensive copper metals have received considerable attention.This article systematically investigated this field and reviewed the electrochemical copper catalytic methods applied in organic synthesis from the different activation modes of substrates,which can be broadly classified into the functionalization of C=C bonds,C-H bond activation,C-C and C-X bond activation,and so on.
文摘The present work provides a facile and efficient method for producing ultrafine copper powders.Ultrafine copper powders were synthesized through a solvothermal method,utilizing ethanol both as a solvent and a reducing agent.Specifically,by exploiting the weak reducing property of ethanol,the copper precursor is first converted to copper oxide and then further reduced to cuprous oxide and pure copper.Such a method can effectively control the morphology and particle size of the copper powder,reduce particle aggregation,and enhance oxidation resistance.It is cost-effective and produces fewer toxic by-products.Spherical copper particles with an average particle size of about 180 nm were obtained.The initial oxidation temperature is approximately 150℃,and the resulting copper powders can be stored stably under ambient conditions for at least 5 months,demonstrating excellent oxidation resistance and thermal stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82303206,82372749,and 82072951)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant Nos.20Y11914300 and 22Y21900100)+2 种基金Shanghai Anticancer Association(Grant No.SACAAX202213)Major Research Projects of Taizhou Clinical Medical College(Grant No.TZKY20230308)Natural Science Foundation in University of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20231261).
文摘Copper ions are essential for cellular function but can induce cytotoxic effects when dysregulated.This review explores the multifaceted role of copper in cancer metabolism with a focus on the novel concept of cuproptosis,a regulated form of cell death triggered by copper accumulation.The mechanisms underlying copper homeostasis are detailed,including dietary absorption,systemic distribution,and intracellular utilization.Key transporters,such as copper transporter 1(CTR1)and ATPase copper transporting alpha/b(ATP7A/B),are highlighted.Cancer cells often exhibit elevated copper levels,supporting proliferation and metastasis through pro-tumorigenic pathways.Recent studies have shown that disrupting copper homeostasis can induce cuproptosis,which is characterized by the aggregation of lipoylated mitochondrial proteins and disruption of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis.Advances in copper-based nanotechnology have enabled targeted delivery of copper to tumors,enhancing therapeutic efficacy through synergistic effects with reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and immunomodulation.However,the hypoxic tumor microenvironment poses significant challenges by upregulating copper-sequestering proteins and downregulating key cuproptosis mediators.Future directions include integrating multi-omics approaches to identify novel therapeutic targets and developing combination therapies to overcome hypoxia-induced resistance.This review provides a comprehensive overview of copper metabolism in cancer,emphasizing the potential of cuproptosis induction as a powerful strategy for oncologic intervention.
基金jointly funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDA0430301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.42130109,41973059)。
文摘The formation of copper deposits is closely related to hydrothermal processes.Understanding the migration of copper in hydrothermal fluids aids in reconstructing mineralization processes and deciphering deposit genesis.Copper primarily exists as Cu^(+)and Cu^(2+)in hydrothermal solutions,with redox conditions governing their interconversion.In chloride-rich geological fluids,Cu-Cl complexes are considered critical for copper transport.However,the specific types and valence transitions of Cu-Cl complexes under varying hydrothermal conditions remain poorly understood.This study employed in situ Raman spectroscopy to systematically analyze Cu+HCl and CuCl_(2)+K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2) systems under saturated vapor pressure at 25-300℃,elucidating the effects of temperature,Cl^(-)concentration,and redox conditions on copper speciation.In the Cu^(+)HCl system,copper dissolved as monovalent Cu-Cl complexes.At high temperatures(>200℃),[CuCl_(2)]^(-)is the dominated species,whereas[CuCl_(3)]^(2-)becomes prevalent at lower temperatures and higher HCl concentrations.For the Cu^(2+)-Cl system,the dominant species transitioned from[Cu(H_(2)O)n]^(2+)(<50℃)to[CuCl_(4)]^(2-)(100℃)and further to[CuCl]^(+)and[CuCl_(2)]^(0) at 300℃.The introduction of reducing agents(K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2))facilitated Cu^(2+)→Cu^(+)reduction,thereby stabilizing Cu^(+)-Cl complexes and inducing partial copper precipitation.The behavior of copper in chloriderich hydrothermal fluids observed in this study indicates that high-temperature oxidizing fluids facilitate Cu mobilization,while cooling and redox changes promote deposition and ore minerals formation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374259)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing Science and Technology,China(No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2023-11)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province,China(No.202302 AF080004)。
文摘It is difficult to recover chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation which is closely related to the mineral surface composition.In this study,the effects of fluoride roasting on the surface composition of chrysocolla were investigated,its impact on sulfidation flotation was explored,and the mechanisms involved in both fluoride roasting and sulfidation flotation were discussed.With CaF_(2)as the roasting reagent,Na_(2)S·9H_(2)O as the sulfidation reagent,and sodium butyl xanthate(NaBX)as the collector,the results of the flotation experiments showed that fluoride roasting improved the floatability of chrysocolla,and the recovery rate increased from 16.87%to 82.74%.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that after fluoride roasting,approximately all the Cu on the chrysocolla surface was exposed in the form of CuO,which could provide a basis for subsequent sulfidation flotation.The microscopy and elemental analyses revealed that large quantities of"pagoda-like"grains were observed on the sulfidation surface of the fluoride-roasted chrysocolla,indicating high crystallinity particles of copper sulfide.This suggests that the effect of sulfide formation on the chrysocolla surface was more pronounced.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that fluoride roasting increased the relative contents of sulfur and copper on the surface and that both the Cu~+and polysulfide fractions on the surface of the minerals increased.This enhances the effect of sulfidation,which is conducive to flotation recovery.Therefore,fluoride roasting improved the effect of copper species transformation and sulfidation on the surface of chysocolla,promoted the adsorption of collectors,and improved the recovery of chrysocolla from sulfidation flotation.
基金Supported by Key Technologies R&D Programme(No.2003BA614A-02)
文摘Copper consumption increased very quickly in China in recent years,which could not be met by inland copper industry.In order to achieve a sustainable development of copper industry,an analysis of copper recycling in China was necessary.For the life cycle of copper products a copper-flow diagram with time factor was worked out and the contemporary copper recycling in China was analyzed,from which the following data were obtained.The average life cycle of copper products was 30 years.From 1998 to 2002,the use ratio of copper scraps in copper production,the use ratio of copper scraps in copper manufacture,the materials self-support ratio in copper production,and the materials self-support ratio in copper manufacture were 26.50%,15.49%,48.05% and 59.41%,respectively.The materials self-support ratios in copper production and manufacture declined year by year in recent years on the whole,and the latter dropped more quickly.The average index of copper ore and copper scrap from 1998 to 2002 were 0.8475 t/t and 0.0736 t/t,respectively;and copper resource efficiency was 1.1855 t/t.Some efforts should be paid to reduce copper ores consumption and promote copper scraps regeneration.Copper scraps were mostly imported from foreign countries because of shortage in recent years in China.Here the reasons related to copper scraps deficiency were also demonstrated.But we can forecast:when copper production was in a slow rise or in a steady state in China,the deficiency of copper scraps may be mitigated;when copper production was in a steady state for a very long time,copper scraps may become relatively abundant.According to the status of copper industry in China,the raw materials of copper production and manufacture have to depend on oversea markets heavily in recent years,and at the same time,the copper scraps using proportion and efficiency in copper industry should be improved.
文摘Copper smelting is the main source of arsenic pollution in the environment,and China is the largest country for copper smelting.Taking 2022 as an example,this study analyzes the distribution and fate of arsenic across the copper mining,beneficiation,and smelting processes using a life-cycle approach,providing important insights for arsenic pollution prevention and the resource utilization of arsenic-bearing solid waste.The results show that the amount of As in waste rock,tailing and concentrate are 53483 t,86632 t,76162 t,respectively.After smelting treatment,the amount of arsenic in different types of solid waste,wastewater,waste gas and products are 76128 t,1 t,31 t and 2 t,respectively,and the proportion in arsenic sulfide slag is the highest(55%).The amount of emission to the environment is 32 t,accounting for only 0.04%of total amount.In the future,key considerations are to improve the resource utilization rate of arsenic-containing solid waste(tailing,smelting slag),especially arsenic sulfide slag,and to digest its environmental risk.
基金supported by the Notional Natural Science Foundation of Chino,No.82160690Colloborotive Innovation Center of Chinese Ministry of Education,No.2020-39Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province,No.ZK[2021]-014(all to FZ)。
文摘Copper,one of the most prolific transition metals in the body,is required for normal brain physiological activity and allows various functions to work normally through its range of concentrations.Copper homeostasis is meticulously maintained through a complex network of copper-dependent proteins,including copper transporters(CTR1 and CTR2),the two copper ion transporters the Cu-transporting ATPase 1(ATP7A)and Cu-transporting beta(ATP7B),and the three copper chaperones ATOX1,CCS,and COX17.Disruptions in copper homeostasis can lead to either the deficiency or accumulation of copper in brain tissue.Emerging evidence suggests that abnormal copper metabolism or copper binding to various proteins,including ceruloplasmin and metallothionein,is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders.However,the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are not known.Copper is a potent oxidant that increases reactive oxygen species production and promotes oxidative stress.Elevated reactive oxygen species levels may further compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause mitochondrial dysfunction.Reactive oxygen species serve as key signaling molecules in copper-induced neuroinflammation,with elevated levels activating several critical inflammatory pathways.Additionally,copper can bind aberrantly to several neuronal proteins,including alphasynuclein,tau,superoxide dismutase 1,and huntingtin,thereby inducing neurotoxicity and ultimately cell death.This study focuses on the latest literature evaluating the role of copper in neurodegenerative diseases,with a particular focus on copper-containing metalloenzymes and copper-binding proteins in the regulation of copper homeostasis and their involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.By synthesizing the current findings on the functions of copper in oxidative stress,neuroinflammation,mitochondrial dysfunction,and protein misfolding,we aim to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper contributes to a wide range of hereditary and neuronal disorders,such as Wilson's disease,Menkes'disease,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,Huntington's disease,and multiple sclerosis.Potential clinically significant therapeutic targets,including superoxide dismutase 1,D-penicillamine,and 5,7-dichloro-2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline,along with their associated therapeutic agents,are further discussed.Ultimately,we collate evidence that copper homeostasis may function in the underlying etiology of several neurodegenerative diseases and offer novel insights into the potential prevention and treatment of these diseases based on copper homeostasis.
文摘This study was conducted in two sections.Initially,the effects of NaCl,MgCl_(2),and urea were investigated on extracting copper and iron from chalcopyrite.Subsequently,CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes for supercapacitors were synthesized using the extracted solution.The first phase revealed that 3 mol/L NaCl achieved the highest extraction performance,yielding 60%Cu and 23%Fe.MgCl_(2)at 1.5 mol/L extracted 52%Cu and 27%Fe,while a combination of 0.5 mol/L MgCl_(2)and 1.6 mol/L urea yielded 57%Cu and 20%Fe.Urea effectively reduced iron levels.CuFe_(2)O_(4)-based electrodes were then successfully synthesized via a hydrothermal method using a MgCl_(2)-urea solution.Characterization studies confirmed CuFe_(2)O_(4)formation with a 2D structure and 45−50 nm wall thickness on nickel foam.Electrochemical analysis showed a specific capacitance of 725 mF/cm^(2)at 2 mA/cm^(2)current density,with energy and power densities of 12.3 mW·h/cm^(2)and 175 mW/cm^(2),respectively.These findings suggest that chalcopyrite has the potential for direct use in energy storage.
文摘In the early morning,the constant jingling and crackling echoed through the deep valley of Aima Township,Namling County,Xigaze City,where a group of apprentices at the Tsedong Gold-Copper Buddha Statue Center for Ancient Craftsmanship and Technique were diligently creating their handcrafted works.
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22302222, 22072172)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024T170965, 2023M743641)+5 种基金the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (Y2021056)Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (YLU-DNL Fund 2022007)the Major Science and Technology Projects of Shanxi Province (202005D121002)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation Teams of Shanxi Province (202304051001007)the Science and Technology Department of Shanxi Province (202303021222409)the Shanxi Provincial Department of Human and Social Resources Security’s Doctor Introduction Program (2024SHB001)
文摘The copper-cerium catalysts demonstrate high efficiency in CO_(2)reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).However,the mechanism governing the formation of C_(2)H_(4)and CH_(4)by regulating Cu bulk phase structure at the copper-cerium interface remains unclear due to the instability and dynamic evaluations of copper species.Herein,we synthesized CeO_(2)-CuO containing solely Cu^(2+)species and CeO_(2)-Cu featuring predominantly metallic Cu species at the interface,which exhibit stable structures under various potentials,offering ideal models for in-depth mechanistic studies.The C_(2)H_(4)is the main product over the CeO_(2)-CuO catalyst,exhibiting a Faradaic efficiency(FE)of 42.3%±1.4%,while CH_(4)is the primary product over the CeO_(2)-Cu catalyst,with a FE of 32.4%±1.3%.These results demonstrate that regulating bulk phase Cu structure at the copper-cerium interface influences the selectivity of hydrocarbon products.The operando ATR-SEIRAS finds that CeO_(2)-CuO surfaces with single linear*CO adsorption are advantageous for synthesizing*COCO,whereas bridge-bonded*CO adsorption promoted*CHO formation.Furthermore,DFT simulations demonstrate that the energy barrier of CO-CO coupling(C_(2)H_(4)pathway)at the CeO_(2)-CuO interface decreases as compared to the CeO_(2)-Cu catalyst,thus indicating a facilitated conversion of the CO_(2)to C_(2)H_(4).This research deepens the mechanistic understanding of the copper-cerium system during CO_(2)RR and effectively formulates a strategy for developing high-selectivity catalysts.
基金supported by the DST(DST-WTIDST/TMD/EWO/WTI/DM/2021/283,DST-SYST,and DSTinspire faculty award)and Science and Engineering Research Board(SERB+1 种基金No.CRG/2019/005280)the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay(IITB)for their funding support for this work.ND and AMN acknowledge the Ministry of Education,India,for their doctoral fellowship support.We thank Prof.Suparna Mukherjee at IIT Bombay for kindly providing us with the host E.coli C3000(No.ATCC 15597).
文摘Waterborne pathogens pose a lifelong threat, necessitating advanced disinfection systemswith state-of-the-art materials. Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG), a 3-dimensional form ofgraphene, is a widely known electrode material for its electrically-induced antimicrobialproperties. However, LIG surfaces exhibit antimicrobial properties exclusively in the presenceof electricity. In this work, copper-doped LIG (Cu-LIG) composite electrodes and filterswere developed with enhanced antimicrobial properties in single-step laser scribing. Thework emphasizes the optimization of copper doping with LIG for both electrical and nonelectrical-based disinfection. The copper doping was optimized to a minimal concentration(∼1%) just to enhance the electrochemical properties of LIG. Furthermore, the excess additionof copper was helpful towards non-electricity-based treatment without significantleaching. The prepared surfaces were tested in both electrodes and filter configuration andshowed excellent antibacterial and antiviral activity against mixed bacterial culture and amodel enteric virus, MS2 bacteriophage. On the application of 2.5 V with Cu-LIG electrodes,6-log removal of bacteria and virus was achieved. Furthermore, the membrane-based electroconductivefilters were tested in a flow-through configuration and demonstrated 6-logremoval at 2.5 V with a flux of ∼ 500 (L·m^(2))/h with both bacteria and viruses at minimumenergy expense. Additionally, reactive oxygen species scavenging and hydrogen peroxidegeneration experiments have confirmed the role of electrical effects and indirect oxidationon the inactivation mechanism. The prepared Cu-LIG composite surfaces showed potentialfor environmental remediation applications.
文摘Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous system.Central copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple sclerosis.This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper availability.Overall,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.
文摘The role of copper element has been an increasingly relevant topic in recent years in the fields of human and animal health, for both the study of new drugs and innovative food and feed supplements. This metal plays an important role in the central nervous system, where it is associated with glutamatergic signaling, and it is widely involved in inflammatory processes. Thus, diseases involving copper(Ⅱ) dyshomeostasis often have neurological symptoms, as exemplified by Alzheimer's and other diseases(such as Parkinson's and Wilson's diseases). Moreover, imbalanced copper ion concentrations have also been associated with diabetes and certain types of cancer, including glioma. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive overview of recent results that show the importance of these metal ions in several pathologies, mainly Alzheimer's disease, through the lens of the development and use of copper chelators as research compounds and potential therapeutics if included in multi-target hybrid drugs. Seeing how copper homeostasis is important for the well-being of animals as well as humans, we shortly describe the state of the art regarding the effects of copper and its chelators in agriculture, livestock rearing, and aquaculture, as ingredients for the formulation of feed supplements as well as to prevent the effects of pollution on animal productions.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan Program of China(No.2021YFB3400800)Henan Key Research and Development Program(No.231111241000)+1 种基金the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program(No.225200810026)Zhongyuan Scholar Workstation Funded Program(No.224400510025).
文摘Electrolytic copper foil has gained significant attention as an essential component in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),printed circuit boards(PCBs),and chip packaging substrates(CPSs)applications.With the advancement of LIBs towards higher energy densities and the increasing density of electronic components on circuits,copper foil is required to have demanding properties,such as extremely thin thickness and extremely high tensile strength.This comprehensive review firstly summarizes recent progress on the fabrication of electrolytic copper foil,and the effects of process parameters,cathode substrate,and additives on the electrodeposition behavior,microstructure,and properties of copper foil are discussed in detail.Then the regulation strategies of mechanical properties of electrolytic copper foil are also summarized,including the formation of nanotwins and texture.Furthermore,the recent advances in novel electrolytic copper foils,such as composite foils and extra-thin copper foils,are also overviewed.Lastly,the remaining challenges and perspectives on the further development of electrolytic copper foils are presented.
基金the W.M.Keck Center for Nano-Scale Imaging in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of Arizona(Grant No.RRID:SCR_022884),with funding from the W.M.Keck Foundation Grant.
文摘Approximately 3.44 billion tons of copper mine tailings(MT)were produced globally in 2018 with an increase of 45%from 2010.Significant efforts are being made to manage these tailings through storage facilities,recycling,and reuse in different industries.Currently,a large portion of tailings are managed through the tailing storage facilities(TSF)where these tailings undergo hydro-thermal-mechanical stresses with seasonal cycles which are not comprehensively understood.This study presents an investigative study to evaluate the performance of control and cement-stabilized copper MT under the influence of seasonal cycles,freeze-thaw(F-T)and wet-dry(W-D)conditions,representing the seasonal variability in the cold and arid regions.The control and cement-stabilized MT samples were subjected to a maximum of 12 F-T and 12 W-D cycles and corresponding micro-and-macro behavior was investigated through scanning electron microscope(SEM),volumetric strain(εvT,wet density(r),moisture content loss,and unconfined compressive strength(UCS)tests.The results indicated the vulnerability of Copper MT to 67%and 75%strength loss reaching residual states with 12 F-T and 8 W-D cycles,respectively.Whereas the stabilized MT retained 39%-55%and 16%-34%strength with F-T and W-D cycles,demonstrating increased durability.This research highlights the impact of seasonal cycles and corresponding strength-deformation characteristics of control and stabilized Copper MT in cold and arid regions.
基金supported by the program of Introduce and cultivate high-level innovative and entrepreneurial personnel:Thousand Talents Program of Jiangxi province(jxsg2023201121)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460908)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi province(20232ACB215004).
文摘Background Copper(Cu)is a pervasive environmental pollutant with significant hepatotoxic effects in animals.The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)interacts closely with lysosomes to maintain intracellular homeostasis.However,the role and mechanism of ER-lysosome crosstalk in Cu-induced liver injury in ducks remains unclear.To investigate this,we established both an in vivo model of Cu-exposed ducks and an in vitro model of duck hepatocytes,and added baicalin(Ba)to further explore its protective effects.Results The results of this study demonstrated that exposure to Cu resulted in vacuolar degeneration and oxidative stress in duck hepatocytes,while ultrastructural observations revealed ER swelling and an increased number of autophagic lysosomes.Furthermore,Cu exposure significantly upregulated mRNA and protein levels related to ER stress,autophagy,and lysosomal membrane factors.It also markedly increased ER-lysosomal co-localization.Further experiments showed that knockdown of LAPTM4B significantly attenuated Cu-induced ER autophagy and reduced ER-lysosomal co-localization in hepatocytes.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that LAPTM4B has a stable binding site to Ba;in vitro experiments demonstrated that Ba could effectively alleviate Cuinduced ER-lysosome crosstalk in duck hepatocytes and reduce hepatocyte injury by targeting LAPTM4B;additionally,in vivo experiments showed that Ba significantly inhibits Cu-induced liver injury in ducks.Conclusions In summary,the present study demonstrates that Cu exposure disrupts ER-lysosomal crosstalk in duck liver,leading to ER-lysosomal damage and subsequent hepatocyte injury.In contrast,Ba alleviates this injury by selectively targeting LAPTM4B,ultimately attenuating Cu-induced hepatotoxicity.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFC1909202)Major Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Province,China(No.202202AB080012)for financial support。
文摘Copper and cobalt were recovered from SICOMINES mining waste rock in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The process mineralogy of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results showed that copper minerals exhibited various forms and uneven particle sizes,while cobalt existed in the form of highly dispersed asbolane,and large amounts of easily slimed gangue minerals were filled in the samples,making it difficult to separate copper and cobalt minerals.The particle size range plays a decisive role in selecting the separation method for the copper−cobalt ore.Gravity separation was suitable for particles ranging from 43 to 246μm,while flotation was more effective for particles below 43μm.After ore grinding and particle size classification,applying a combined gravity separation(shaking table)−flotation method yielded concentrated minerals with a copper recovery of 72.83%and a cobalt recovery of 31.13%.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0708602,2022YFF0800903)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472112,U2244217,41973045)+1 种基金Basic Science and Technology Research Fundings of the Institute of Geology,CAGS(JKYZD202312)Geological Survey Projects of the China Geological Survey(DD20242878,DD20243512).
文摘Numerous intermediate to felsic igneous rocks are present in both subduction and collisional orogens.However,porphyry copper deposits(PCDs)are comparatively rare.The underlying factors that differentiate fertile magmas,which give rise to PCDs,from barren magmas in a specific geological setting are not well understood.In this study,three supervised machine learning algorithms:random forest(RF),logistic regression(LR)and support vector machine(SVM)were employed to classify metallogenic fertility in southeastern Tibet,Sanjiang orogenic belt,based on whole-rock trace element and Sr-Nd isotopic ratios.The performance of the RF model is better than LR and SVM models.Feature importance analysis of the models reveals that the concentration of Y,Eu,and Th,along with Sr-Nd isotope compositions are crucial variables in distinguishing fertile and barren samples.However,when the optimized models were applied to predict the datasets of Miocene Gangdese porphyry copper belt and Jurassic Gangdese arc representing collision and subduction settings respectively,a marked decline in metrics occurred in all three models,particularly on the subduction dataset.This substantial decrease indicates the compositional characteristics of intrusions across different tectonic settings could be diverse in a multidimensional space,highlighting the complex interplay of geological factors influencing PCD’s formation.
