Building a community with a shared future and promoting harmony in the region serve as both the guiding principles and shared aspirations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).Since the 13th Meeting of the SCO...Building a community with a shared future and promoting harmony in the region serve as both the guiding principles and shared aspirations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).Since the 13th Meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of State in 2013,the concept of a community with a shared future for humanity has gradually been integrated into the SCO’s development agenda.Under this guiding vision,China has taken the initiative to propose the idea of an SCO community with a shared future,offering a new approach to addressing regional governance challenges.展开更多
At the 22nd meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)in 2022,Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech titled“Ride on the Trend of the Times and Enhance S...At the 22nd meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)in 2022,Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech titled“Ride on the Trend of the Times and Enhance Solidarity and Cooperation to Embrace a Better Future.”In the speech,President Xi Jinping proposed“five commitments”--commitments to the principles of political trust,win-win cooperation,equality between nations,openness and inclusiveness,and equity and justice.展开更多
After the collapse of Soviet Union,both Russia and China started to normalize their bilateral relations.Russia lost her geopolitical sphere and China started to broaden his influence in Asian-Pacific and Central Asian...After the collapse of Soviet Union,both Russia and China started to normalize their bilateral relations.Russia lost her geopolitical sphere and China started to broaden his influence in Asian-Pacific and Central Asian regions.The function of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)is changing from symbolic to more substantial cooperation.It seems to be that the SCO plays multiple roles in Russia-China relations both in anti-terrorism and in energy economy.This paper is devoted to exploring the functions of the SCO and to seeing the problems in furthering Russia-China relations.展开更多
Distinguished Colleagues,As early as 24 years ago when it was founded,the Shanghai Cooperation Organization established the Shanghai Spirit,i.e.,mutual trust,mutual benefit,equality,consultation,respect for diversity ...Distinguished Colleagues,As early as 24 years ago when it was founded,the Shanghai Cooperation Organization established the Shanghai Spirit,i.e.,mutual trust,mutual benefit,equality,consultation,respect for diversity of civilizations,and pursuit of common development.The member states have since acted in this spirit to share opportunities and seek common development.They have brought about groundbreaking and historic achievements in SCO development and cooperation.展开更多
Distinguished Colleagues,This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations.It is a milestone prompting us to remember the past and create a better...Distinguished Colleagues,This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations.It is a milestone prompting us to remember the past and create a better future together.Eighty years ago,the international community learned profound lessons from the scourge of two world wars and founded the United Nations,thus writing a new page in global governance.展开更多
Distinguished Colleagues,This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations.It is a milestone prompting us to remember the past and create a better...Distinguished Colleagues,This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations.It is a milestone prompting us to remember the past and create a better future together.展开更多
This research extends the literature on the environmental Phillips curve(EPC)and environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)by focusing on the 38 member economies of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OEC...This research extends the literature on the environmental Phillips curve(EPC)and environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)by focusing on the 38 member economies of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).Using panel data from 2000 to 2021,the study employs several econometric techniques,including fixed effects,feasible generalized least squares,two-stage least squares,and the generalized method of moments.Our primary findings reveal that unemployment has a significant negative impact on CO_(2)emissions,thereby supporting the validity of the EPC hypothesis within OECD countries.This suggests a trade-off between unemployment and reductions in CO_(2)emissions.Similarly,the results validate the EKC hypothesis,with further analysis indicating that the EKC exhibits an N-shaped curve-an important contribution to the literature on environmental dynamics in advanced economies.Additionally,the results show that both trade openness and renewable energy usage have significantly improved environmental quality in OECD economies.Finally,extensive causality testing identifies both one-way and two-way causal relationships among the key variables examined.These findings have important policy implications for the management of environmental quality and macroeconomic variables in the OECD context.展开更多
Your Excellency President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev,Colleagues,It is a great pleasure to be with you in beautiful Astana.I would like to thank President Tokayev for the warm hospitality and thoughtful arrangements.Kazakhs...Your Excellency President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev,Colleagues,It is a great pleasure to be with you in beautiful Astana.I would like to thank President Tokayev for the warm hospitality and thoughtful arrangements.Kazakhstan has done an excellent job as President of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)over the past year,and the SCO has made new progress.As a Chinese saying goes,“No mountain or ocean can distance people who have shared aspirations.”Today,we get together for our first“SCO Plus”Meeting,with good friends and new partners in the same room holding important discussions.This shows that under the new circumstances of the new era,the vision of our Organization is widely popular,and that SCO member states have friends across the world.展开更多
The largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and ...The largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and heads of 10 international organizations and sending a strong signal for global cooperation,development,and shared future in an age of global uncertainties.Hosting 10 member states.展开更多
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed into an important international mechanism for global governance and international cooperation.THE largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)wa...The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed into an important international mechanism for global governance and international cooperation.THE largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and heads of 10 international organizations.展开更多
The admission of India and Pakistan as full members in the SCO in June 2017 is a landmark event in the evolution of Eurasian identity and its institutionalization and an event set to change the geopolitical and geo-ec...The admission of India and Pakistan as full members in the SCO in June 2017 is a landmark event in the evolution of Eurasian identity and its institutionalization and an event set to change the geopolitical and geo-economic patterns of the world.India,given the nature of its interests and ambitions in Asia,would have serious misgivings about any Eurasian project that would bring the Gulf and Central Asia into a single institutional framework.India is aware that at the global level,it is the weakest of the four global players,namely,the US,Russia,China,and India.In this context,India appears to be pursuing diplomacy along two parallel axes simultaneously:to balance China in the Indo-Pacific region with American support and assistance and to balance China in Eurasia with Russian support and assistance.This article also focuses on the nature of India’s bilateral relations with China,Pakistan,Russia,the US,and the EU to gauge India’s attitude toward the SCO’s further expansion westwards.While India may welcome Iran into the fold of the SCO for geo-economic reasons,it may not be too keen on Saudi Arabia and the GCC membership in the SCO.In economic terms,India may prefer a dense network of economic collaboration and cooperation activities with other states and regional entities,as the SCO looks further west,rather than absorbing them into the SCO’s fold.In security terms,India will probably try to direct the SCO efforts towards dealing with nonconventional threats like terrorism,energy security,and environmental protection rather than developing conventional military capabilities and doctrines,which could be perceived as anti-NATO.展开更多
Based on the survey results in several places of Fujian Province, the paper summed up the main types of forestry cooperation organizations in China’s collective forest regions, and analyzed their characteristics in t...Based on the survey results in several places of Fujian Province, the paper summed up the main types of forestry cooperation organizations in China’s collective forest regions, and analyzed their characteristics in terms of basic nature, property arrangement, distribution methods and closeness of cooperation. The essential trend of diversified development of forestry cooperation organizations was discussed, with the analysis on how the diversification get reflected from the aspects of organizational structure, founding mechanism, distribution methods, participating body, etc. At last, the policyre commendations with respect to theoretical research, policy environment, management & supervisionand capacity building were proposed for facilitating the diversified development of forestry cooperation organizations.展开更多
Facing common security threats, leaders of six countries-Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan-established the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in June 2001 to maintain regional stability a...Facing common security threats, leaders of six countries-Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan-established the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in June 2001 to maintain regional stability and security, fight terrorism and extremism, prevent conflicts and enhance economic cooperation. The SCO's primary goals are economic cooperation and fighting terrorism.展开更多
The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SOC), made up of six member countries, is reinventing itself and banding together to deal with the region's security and economic development. Operating under the "Shang...The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SOC), made up of six member countries, is reinventing itself and banding together to deal with the region's security and economic development. Operating under the "Shanghai Spirit"-the essence of state-to-state relations where trust and equality are key to members looking out for each other-questions need to be asked and answered at the organization's fifth anniversary. Despite the best intentions, a clear road map is needed to clarify the SCO's future.展开更多
On June 15,2001, the Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was signed, marking the formal launch of the regional organization. Its history can be traced back to 19% when Russia, Chi...On June 15,2001, the Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was signed, marking the formal launch of the regional organization. Its history can be traced back to 19% when Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan formed the Shanghai Five, later renamed the Shanghai Forum. After Uzbekistan joined, the forum changed展开更多
文摘Building a community with a shared future and promoting harmony in the region serve as both the guiding principles and shared aspirations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO).Since the 13th Meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of State in 2013,the concept of a community with a shared future for humanity has gradually been integrated into the SCO’s development agenda.Under this guiding vision,China has taken the initiative to propose the idea of an SCO community with a shared future,offering a new approach to addressing regional governance challenges.
文摘At the 22nd meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)in 2022,Chinese President Xi Jinping delivered an important speech titled“Ride on the Trend of the Times and Enhance Solidarity and Cooperation to Embrace a Better Future.”In the speech,President Xi Jinping proposed“five commitments”--commitments to the principles of political trust,win-win cooperation,equality between nations,openness and inclusiveness,and equity and justice.
文摘After the collapse of Soviet Union,both Russia and China started to normalize their bilateral relations.Russia lost her geopolitical sphere and China started to broaden his influence in Asian-Pacific and Central Asian regions.The function of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)is changing from symbolic to more substantial cooperation.It seems to be that the SCO plays multiple roles in Russia-China relations both in anti-terrorism and in energy economy.This paper is devoted to exploring the functions of the SCO and to seeing the problems in furthering Russia-China relations.
文摘Distinguished Colleagues,As early as 24 years ago when it was founded,the Shanghai Cooperation Organization established the Shanghai Spirit,i.e.,mutual trust,mutual benefit,equality,consultation,respect for diversity of civilizations,and pursuit of common development.The member states have since acted in this spirit to share opportunities and seek common development.They have brought about groundbreaking and historic achievements in SCO development and cooperation.
文摘Distinguished Colleagues,This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations.It is a milestone prompting us to remember the past and create a better future together.Eighty years ago,the international community learned profound lessons from the scourge of two world wars and founded the United Nations,thus writing a new page in global governance.
文摘Distinguished Colleagues,This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War and the founding of the United Nations.It is a milestone prompting us to remember the past and create a better future together.
文摘This research extends the literature on the environmental Phillips curve(EPC)and environmental Kuznets curve(EKC)by focusing on the 38 member economies of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD).Using panel data from 2000 to 2021,the study employs several econometric techniques,including fixed effects,feasible generalized least squares,two-stage least squares,and the generalized method of moments.Our primary findings reveal that unemployment has a significant negative impact on CO_(2)emissions,thereby supporting the validity of the EPC hypothesis within OECD countries.This suggests a trade-off between unemployment and reductions in CO_(2)emissions.Similarly,the results validate the EKC hypothesis,with further analysis indicating that the EKC exhibits an N-shaped curve-an important contribution to the literature on environmental dynamics in advanced economies.Additionally,the results show that both trade openness and renewable energy usage have significantly improved environmental quality in OECD economies.Finally,extensive causality testing identifies both one-way and two-way causal relationships among the key variables examined.These findings have important policy implications for the management of environmental quality and macroeconomic variables in the OECD context.
文摘Your Excellency President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev,Colleagues,It is a great pleasure to be with you in beautiful Astana.I would like to thank President Tokayev for the warm hospitality and thoughtful arrangements.Kazakhstan has done an excellent job as President of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)over the past year,and the SCO has made new progress.As a Chinese saying goes,“No mountain or ocean can distance people who have shared aspirations.”Today,we get together for our first“SCO Plus”Meeting,with good friends and new partners in the same room holding important discussions.This shows that under the new circumstances of the new era,the vision of our Organization is widely popular,and that SCO member states have friends across the world.
文摘The largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and heads of 10 international organizations and sending a strong signal for global cooperation,development,and shared future in an age of global uncertainties.Hosting 10 member states.
文摘The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has developed into an important international mechanism for global governance and international cooperation.THE largest-ever summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was convened in China’s northern port city of Tianjin from August 31 to September 1,2025,bringing together leaders from more than 20 countries and heads of 10 international organizations.
文摘The admission of India and Pakistan as full members in the SCO in June 2017 is a landmark event in the evolution of Eurasian identity and its institutionalization and an event set to change the geopolitical and geo-economic patterns of the world.India,given the nature of its interests and ambitions in Asia,would have serious misgivings about any Eurasian project that would bring the Gulf and Central Asia into a single institutional framework.India is aware that at the global level,it is the weakest of the four global players,namely,the US,Russia,China,and India.In this context,India appears to be pursuing diplomacy along two parallel axes simultaneously:to balance China in the Indo-Pacific region with American support and assistance and to balance China in Eurasia with Russian support and assistance.This article also focuses on the nature of India’s bilateral relations with China,Pakistan,Russia,the US,and the EU to gauge India’s attitude toward the SCO’s further expansion westwards.While India may welcome Iran into the fold of the SCO for geo-economic reasons,it may not be too keen on Saudi Arabia and the GCC membership in the SCO.In economic terms,India may prefer a dense network of economic collaboration and cooperation activities with other states and regional entities,as the SCO looks further west,rather than absorbing them into the SCO’s fold.In security terms,India will probably try to direct the SCO efforts towards dealing with nonconventional threats like terrorism,energy security,and environmental protection rather than developing conventional military capabilities and doctrines,which could be perceived as anti-NATO.
基金funded by the project of "Policy, Legislation and Instituional Construction Favoring China’s Collective Forest Tenure Reform and Knowledge Exchange", implemented jointly by the State Forestry Administration and the FAO
文摘Based on the survey results in several places of Fujian Province, the paper summed up the main types of forestry cooperation organizations in China’s collective forest regions, and analyzed their characteristics in terms of basic nature, property arrangement, distribution methods and closeness of cooperation. The essential trend of diversified development of forestry cooperation organizations was discussed, with the analysis on how the diversification get reflected from the aspects of organizational structure, founding mechanism, distribution methods, participating body, etc. At last, the policyre commendations with respect to theoretical research, policy environment, management & supervisionand capacity building were proposed for facilitating the diversified development of forestry cooperation organizations.
文摘Facing common security threats, leaders of six countries-Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan-established the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in June 2001 to maintain regional stability and security, fight terrorism and extremism, prevent conflicts and enhance economic cooperation. The SCO's primary goals are economic cooperation and fighting terrorism.
文摘The Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SOC), made up of six member countries, is reinventing itself and banding together to deal with the region's security and economic development. Operating under the "Shanghai Spirit"-the essence of state-to-state relations where trust and equality are key to members looking out for each other-questions need to be asked and answered at the organization's fifth anniversary. Despite the best intentions, a clear road map is needed to clarify the SCO's future.
文摘On June 15,2001, the Declaration on the Establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization was signed, marking the formal launch of the regional organization. Its history can be traced back to 19% when Russia, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan formed the Shanghai Five, later renamed the Shanghai Forum. After Uzbekistan joined, the forum changed
