The present study is a critical appraisal of corporate social responsibility(CSR)and the certain type of the industry players who manage to conceal their detrimental core businesses behind CSR fa?ade.Accordingly,the p...The present study is a critical appraisal of corporate social responsibility(CSR)and the certain type of the industry players who manage to conceal their detrimental core businesses behind CSR fa?ade.Accordingly,the paper explores existing controversies between theoretical understanding and practical implementation of CSR,as well as the failure of the legal framework concerning CSR reporting.The paper suggests the following as a remedy for the existing problems:denotational refinement of CSR from versatile to explicit,inclusion of constructive criticism through NGOs,the inception of common framework vis-à-vis CSR reporting,and ranking/monitoring of companies by third-party organizations.展开更多
Nogo-A belongs to the reticulon family（RTN4）and is generally assumed to be one of the most potent myelin associated neurite outgrowth inhibitors in the central nervous system（CNS）.Together with other inhibitors su...Nogo-A belongs to the reticulon family（RTN4）and is generally assumed to be one of the most potent myelin associated neurite outgrowth inhibitors in the central nervous system（CNS）.Together with other inhibitors such as the myelin associated glycoprotein（MAG）,oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein（OMgp）,展开更多
Student identity,their dichotomous logical framework,and teachers' beliefs constitute the major obstacles in conducting classroom discussion on controversial issues. This essay analyzes these obstacles and provide...Student identity,their dichotomous logical framework,and teachers' beliefs constitute the major obstacles in conducting classroom discussion on controversial issues. This essay analyzes these obstacles and provides suggestions for teachers in tackling the problems,so that classroom discussions on controversial issues may exert beneficial outcomes.展开更多
With the rapid development of biomedical sciences,contradictory results on the relationships between biological responses and material properties emerge continuously,adding to the challenge of interpreting the incompr...With the rapid development of biomedical sciences,contradictory results on the relationships between biological responses and material properties emerge continuously,adding to the challenge of interpreting the incomprehensible interfacial process.In the present paper,we use cell proliferation on titanium dioxide nanotubes(TNTs)as a case study and apply machine learning methodologies to decipher contradictory results in the literature.The gradient boosting decision tree model demonstrates that cell density has a higher impact on cell proliferation than other obtainable experimental features in most publications.Together with the variation of other essential features,the controversy of cell proliferation trends on various TNTs is understandable.By traversing all combinational experimental features and the corresponding forecast using an exhausted grid search strategy,we find that adjusting cell density and sterilization methods can simultaneously induce opposite cell proliferation trends on various TNTs diameter,which is further validated by experiments.This case study reveals that machine learning is a burgeoning tool in deciphering controversial results in biomedical researches,opening up an avenue to explore the structure-property relationships of biomaterials.展开更多
1 When the song Heart on My Sleeve first dropped,fans were on cloud nine,fully convinced that their favorite musicians had just dropped a surprise cooperation.But as the song racked up(累计)millions of streams online,...1 When the song Heart on My Sleeve first dropped,fans were on cloud nine,fully convinced that their favorite musicians had just dropped a surprise cooperation.But as the song racked up(累计)millions of streams online,the truth surfaced-the track was created by an Internet user who used artificial intelligence(AI)to perfectly mimic(模仿)human artists'voices.展开更多
Diabetes is a major global metabolic disorder,with the type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)population in China expected to reach 168 million by 2050.Electroacupuncture(EA)and auricular acupuncture represent safe,accessible,...Diabetes is a major global metabolic disorder,with the type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)population in China expected to reach 168 million by 2050.Electroacupuncture(EA)and auricular acupuncture represent safe,accessible,and multitargeted strategies for glycemic control with strong translational potential.Clinical studies indicate that EA,targeting trunk and limb acupoints,can significantly reduce fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin.Mechanistically,EA modulates the neuro-endocrine-immune axis,regulates gut microbiota,and activates insulin signaling pathways.Auricular acupuncture,through vagal innervation,may also exert rapid effects on glucose homeostasis via autonomic modulation.The review’s objective is to synthesize and critically evaluate current clinical trials and animal studies on EA and auricular acupuncture for glycemic control in diabetes,particularly T2DM,and to highlight translational implications,mechanistic insights,and evidence gaps.This review also emphasizes translational considerations by highlighting species differences between rodents and humans-an underappreciated yet critical factor influencing the clinical applicability of preclinical findings.Through the integration of recent research advances,the present review not only consolidates clinical and preclinical evidence but also advances a deeper mechanistic framework and underscores the importance of species-specific factors in bridging experimental research and patient care.Future progress requires rigorously designed,adequately powered,multicenter randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols to validate efficacy and define their role in precision diabetes management.展开更多
Ever since Neanderthal1man first rubbed2dry sticks to make fire or figured out that wheels work better when round,mankind has sought progress.It’s just another formof evolution：Darwin should be proud.However,the gre...Ever since Neanderthal1man first rubbed2dry sticks to make fire or figured out that wheels work better when round,mankind has sought progress.It’s just another formof evolution：Darwin should be proud.However,the greater our advances,the more controversial they can become;to the extent that many might question whether they are＂progress＂at all.When progress ameliorates3life,that is one thing;but when it simply improves lifestyle,that is something else entirely.展开更多
The management of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum（PA/IVS） remains controversial. The goal of separating systematic and pulmonary circulation can be achieved by biventricular or uni-ventricular（Font...The management of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum（PA/IVS） remains controversial. The goal of separating systematic and pulmonary circulation can be achieved by biventricular or uni-ventricular（Fontan or one and a half ventricle repair） strategies. Although outcomes have been improved,these surgical procedures are still associated with high mortality and morbidity. An optimal strategy for definitive repair has yet to be defined. We searched databases for genetically randomized controlled trials（RCTs） comparing biventricular with uni-ventricular repair for patient with PA/IVS. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed following the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Primary outcome measures were overall survival,and secondary criteria included exercise function,arrhythmia-free survival and treatment-related mortality. A total number of 669 primary citations were screened for relevant studies. Detailed analysis revealed that no RCTs were found to adequately address the research question and no systematic meta-analysis would have been carried out. Nevertheless,several retrospective analyses and case series addressed the question of finding right balance between biventricular and uni-ventricular repair for patient with PA/IVS. In this review,we will discuss the currently available data.展开更多
Although 5-aminolevulinic acid（5-ALA）-mediated photodynamic therapy（PDT） has been demonstrated to be a novel and effective therapeutic modality for some human malignancies, its effect and mechanism on glioma are s...Although 5-aminolevulinic acid（5-ALA）-mediated photodynamic therapy（PDT） has been demonstrated to be a novel and effective therapeutic modality for some human malignancies, its effect and mechanism on glioma are still controversial. Previous studies have reported that 5-ALA-PDT induced necrosis of C6 rat glioma cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effect and mechanism of 5-ALA-PDT on C6 gliomas implanted in rats in vivo. Twenty-four rats bearing similar size of subcutaneously implanted C6 rat glioma were randomly divided into 3 groups： receiving 5-ALA-PDT（group A）, laser irradiation（group B）, and mock procedures but without any treatment（group C）, respectively. The growth, histology, microvessel density（MVD）, and apoptosis of the grafts in each group were determined after the treatments. As compared with groups B and C, the volume of tumor grafts was significantly reduced（P〈0.05）, MVD was significantly decreased（P〈0.001）, and the cellular necrosis was obviously increased in group A. There was no significant difference in apoptosis among the three groups. The in vivo studies confirmed that 5-ALA-PDT may be an effective treatment for gliomas by inhibiting the tumor growth. The mechanism underlying may involve increasing the cellular necrosis but not inducing the cellular apoptosis, which may result from the destruction of the tumor microvessels.展开更多
Tumor-initiating cells(TICs)are a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of solid tumor cells that play a critical role in the initiation of cancer~[1].These tumorigenic cells resist conventional chemotherapeutic drug treat...Tumor-initiating cells(TICs)are a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of solid tumor cells that play a critical role in the initiation of cancer~[1].These tumorigenic cells resist conventional chemotherapeutic drug treatment and are assumed to be playing major roles in cancer relapses after chemotherapy~[2].However,the notion of TICs has been rather controversial.A report shows that a high percentage(】25%)of human melanoma cells can generate a tumor in a NOD-SCID interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain null mouse~[3],suggesting that there is no clonal development of solid tumors,refuting the idea of TICs.We recently developed a method of isolating TICs from cancer cell lines by culturing single individual cells of B16-F1(a melanoma cell line)into 3D soft fibrin gels~[4].In addition to being able to generate local tumors in a展开更多
The use of electro-acupuncture in treatingperipheral facial paralysis during the acute stagehas been a controversial issue among acupunc-turists.Since 1970,100 cases of acute stage peri-pheral facial paralysis(1-10 da...The use of electro-acupuncture in treatingperipheral facial paralysis during the acute stagehas been a controversial issue among acupunc-turists.Since 1970,100 cases of acute stage peri-pheral facial paralysis(1-10 days after onset)have been treated with electro-acupuncture witha curs rate of 84% and an effective rate of 100%,no cases showing aggravation of symptoms aftertreatment.Electro-acupuncture is therefore usefulin the treatment for acute stage peripheral facialparalysis.展开更多
Objective Recent evidence has indicated that hypertension is associated with impaired cognitive function. However, the prevention of cognitive disorders with antihypertensive therapy remains controversial.The trial pr...Objective Recent evidence has indicated that hypertension is associated with impaired cognitive function. However, the prevention of cognitive disorders with antihypertensive therapy remains controversial.The trial provided evidence to compare the efficacy on cognitive function with the combination of amlodipine with diuretics or angiotensin II receptor blocker.展开更多
The UN Security Council ended its debate on the South Korean Airliner crash on February 17 after a 2-day meeting without agreeing. to take any action on the controversial matter. The 2nd direct talks between the Nicar...The UN Security Council ended its debate on the South Korean Airliner crash on February 17 after a 2-day meeting without agreeing. to take any action on the controversial matter. The 2nd direct talks between the Nicaraguan Government and the Contras which began on February 18 in. Guatemala City. were suddenly broken next day.展开更多
Living Cephalotaxus (plum yews) occurs mainly in East Asia and North of Indo-China peninsula. The study of original taxonomic literatures found that, in early days, the plum yews had ever been described as palnts of T...Living Cephalotaxus (plum yews) occurs mainly in East Asia and North of Indo-China peninsula. The study of original taxonomic literatures found that, in early days, the plum yews had ever been described as palnts of Taxus (Taxaceae). Since after the genus name Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. was firstly cited (from inedited and unpublished Flora Japonica) by Endlicher in 1842, most taxonomist thought which is the earliest time of the genus Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. was set. However, the genus Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. was formally effective and valid published by Sieb. & Zucc. in Flora Japonica in 1870 so that there exists some confusions in chronological order. Originally as a genus, Cephalotaxus was included in family Taxaceae and Neger (1907) separated Cephalotaxus from Taxaceae and set family Cephalotaxaceae. Later, Fu (1984) divided Cephalotaxus up into two sections of Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. sect. Pectinatae L. K. Fu and Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. sect. Cephalotaxus L. K. Fu on the bases of C. oliveri Masters differ significantly from other taxa of Cephalotaxus in morphological characteristics. Although the plum yews was a little genus of conifers, up to now, about 77 taxa have still been published by taxonomist in different countries or regions. Among them, C. tardiva Sieb. ex Endl. (1847), C. umbraculifera Sieb. ex Endl. (1847), C. sumatrana Miq. (1856) and C. celebica Warb. (1900) have been combined to Taxus, and C. argotaenia (Hance) Pilger (1903) has been combined to Amentotaxus. And at the same time, those taxa existing in Cephalotaxus courently which were accepted by most taxonomist in different countries was also cited in acticle. Lastly, the paper thought presently there still exists many debates about binary classification of Cephalotaxus and the nomenclature of this genus still particularly confusing. Based on some controversial problems, we also point out some taxonomically researching directions at creating some order out of the chaos.展开更多
This paper investigates the perceptions, values, and considerations of ethics among public relations practitioners in the United Arab Emirates （UAE）. A questionnaire was distributed to 372 practitioners in various p...This paper investigates the perceptions, values, and considerations of ethics among public relations practitioners in the United Arab Emirates （UAE）. A questionnaire was distributed to 372 practitioners in various private and government organizations. Practitioners were asked how influential and relevant public relations ethical factors were on the practitioner＇s perception of ethics. Findings suggest that the daily practice of public relations day-by-day professionally practice learning, senior practitioners, senior executives, and managers along with religion play a major role in shaping the meaning, philosophy, and conception of the practitioner＇s ethics. Respondents were asked to describe the level of support they would give to the controversial public relations practices that may generate some ethical problems. The majority of the respondents did not agree on the use of ＂spreading rumors＂, ＂providing false information to satisfy the public＂, ＂misinformation and manipulation＂, ＂giving false promises＂, and ＂would not approve favoring personal interest over public interest＂.展开更多
Helen of Troy has been depicted in many ways by different writers, from Homer onwards. She was both mortal and immortal. And she was involved in battles for many times, especially, the Trojan War. Both her birth and h...Helen of Troy has been depicted in many ways by different writers, from Homer onwards. She was both mortal and immortal. And she was involved in battles for many times, especially, the Trojan War. Both her birth and her life are legendary and mysterious, which cause many conflicting views and arguments.展开更多
The purpose of this research is to identify the historical status of Song Dynasty of China.The historical status of Song Dynasty has been a controversial topic for a long time.Song Dynasty has been remembered in diffe...The purpose of this research is to identify the historical status of Song Dynasty of China.The historical status of Song Dynasty has been a controversial topic for a long time.Song Dynasty has been remembered in different ways in China and in the West at different times.This study will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Song Dynasty and evaluate Song Dynasty real istically and fairly.展开更多
Urticaceae Juss.is a large cosmopolitan family and taxonomically difficult group,partly because it encompasses a broad range of morphological diversity and many of the diagnostic characters（e.g.flower,achene.stipule,...Urticaceae Juss.is a large cosmopolitan family and taxonomically difficult group,partly because it encompasses a broad range of morphological diversity and many of the diagnostic characters（e.g.flower,achene.stipule,bract）require a microscope for accurate determination.Meanwhile,most Uriiceae species have stinging hairs which make them more difficult to collect and identify.As a result,the infra-familial classification of Urticaceae has been controversial for more than a century.A research group led by Prof.展开更多
文摘The present study is a critical appraisal of corporate social responsibility(CSR)and the certain type of the industry players who manage to conceal their detrimental core businesses behind CSR fa?ade.Accordingly,the paper explores existing controversies between theoretical understanding and practical implementation of CSR,as well as the failure of the legal framework concerning CSR reporting.The paper suggests the following as a remedy for the existing problems:denotational refinement of CSR from versatile to explicit,inclusion of constructive criticism through NGOs,the inception of common framework vis-à-vis CSR reporting,and ranking/monitoring of companies by third-party organizations.
基金supported by the HANELA Foundation and the Swiss National Science Foundation(No.31003A_135565)
文摘Nogo-A belongs to the reticulon family（RTN4）and is generally assumed to be one of the most potent myelin associated neurite outgrowth inhibitors in the central nervous system（CNS）.Together with other inhibitors such as the myelin associated glycoprotein（MAG）,oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein（OMgp）,
文摘Student identity,their dichotomous logical framework,and teachers' beliefs constitute the major obstacles in conducting classroom discussion on controversial issues. This essay analyzes these obstacles and provides suggestions for teachers in tackling the problems,so that classroom discussions on controversial issues may exert beneficial outcomes.
基金supported by the State Key Project of Research and Development(2016YFC1100300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(11904301,21773199).
文摘With the rapid development of biomedical sciences,contradictory results on the relationships between biological responses and material properties emerge continuously,adding to the challenge of interpreting the incomprehensible interfacial process.In the present paper,we use cell proliferation on titanium dioxide nanotubes(TNTs)as a case study and apply machine learning methodologies to decipher contradictory results in the literature.The gradient boosting decision tree model demonstrates that cell density has a higher impact on cell proliferation than other obtainable experimental features in most publications.Together with the variation of other essential features,the controversy of cell proliferation trends on various TNTs is understandable.By traversing all combinational experimental features and the corresponding forecast using an exhausted grid search strategy,we find that adjusting cell density and sterilization methods can simultaneously induce opposite cell proliferation trends on various TNTs diameter,which is further validated by experiments.This case study reveals that machine learning is a burgeoning tool in deciphering controversial results in biomedical researches,opening up an avenue to explore the structure-property relationships of biomaterials.
文摘1 When the song Heart on My Sleeve first dropped,fans were on cloud nine,fully convinced that their favorite musicians had just dropped a surprise cooperation.But as the song racked up(累计)millions of streams online,the truth surfaced-the track was created by an Internet user who used artificial intelligence(AI)to perfectly mimic(模仿)human artists'voices.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation,Youth Science Fund Project,No.82305376The Youth Talent Support Project of the China Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association,No.2024-2026ZGZJXH-QNRC005+3 种基金The 2024 Jiangsu Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project,No.JSTJ-2024-3802025 Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Think Tank Program Project,No.JSKX0125035The National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,No.202410315020ZProvincial Undergraduate Innovation Training Program,No.202410315149Y.
文摘Diabetes is a major global metabolic disorder,with the type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)population in China expected to reach 168 million by 2050.Electroacupuncture(EA)and auricular acupuncture represent safe,accessible,and multitargeted strategies for glycemic control with strong translational potential.Clinical studies indicate that EA,targeting trunk and limb acupoints,can significantly reduce fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin.Mechanistically,EA modulates the neuro-endocrine-immune axis,regulates gut microbiota,and activates insulin signaling pathways.Auricular acupuncture,through vagal innervation,may also exert rapid effects on glucose homeostasis via autonomic modulation.The review’s objective is to synthesize and critically evaluate current clinical trials and animal studies on EA and auricular acupuncture for glycemic control in diabetes,particularly T2DM,and to highlight translational implications,mechanistic insights,and evidence gaps.This review also emphasizes translational considerations by highlighting species differences between rodents and humans-an underappreciated yet critical factor influencing the clinical applicability of preclinical findings.Through the integration of recent research advances,the present review not only consolidates clinical and preclinical evidence but also advances a deeper mechanistic framework and underscores the importance of species-specific factors in bridging experimental research and patient care.Future progress requires rigorously designed,adequately powered,multicenter randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols to validate efficacy and define their role in precision diabetes management.
文摘Ever since Neanderthal1man first rubbed2dry sticks to make fire or figured out that wheels work better when round,mankind has sought progress.It’s just another formof evolution：Darwin should be proud.However,the greater our advances,the more controversial they can become;to the extent that many might question whether they are＂progress＂at all.When progress ameliorates3life,that is one thing;but when it simply improves lifestyle,that is something else entirely.
文摘The management of pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum（PA/IVS） remains controversial. The goal of separating systematic and pulmonary circulation can be achieved by biventricular or uni-ventricular（Fontan or one and a half ventricle repair） strategies. Although outcomes have been improved,these surgical procedures are still associated with high mortality and morbidity. An optimal strategy for definitive repair has yet to be defined. We searched databases for genetically randomized controlled trials（RCTs） comparing biventricular with uni-ventricular repair for patient with PA/IVS. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed following the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration. Primary outcome measures were overall survival,and secondary criteria included exercise function,arrhythmia-free survival and treatment-related mortality. A total number of 669 primary citations were screened for relevant studies. Detailed analysis revealed that no RCTs were found to adequately address the research question and no systematic meta-analysis would have been carried out. Nevertheless,several retrospective analyses and case series addressed the question of finding right balance between biventricular and uni-ventricular repair for patient with PA/IVS. In this review,we will discuss the currently available data.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973073,81172402 and 81372683)
文摘Although 5-aminolevulinic acid（5-ALA）-mediated photodynamic therapy（PDT） has been demonstrated to be a novel and effective therapeutic modality for some human malignancies, its effect and mechanism on glioma are still controversial. Previous studies have reported that 5-ALA-PDT induced necrosis of C6 rat glioma cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effect and mechanism of 5-ALA-PDT on C6 gliomas implanted in rats in vivo. Twenty-four rats bearing similar size of subcutaneously implanted C6 rat glioma were randomly divided into 3 groups： receiving 5-ALA-PDT（group A）, laser irradiation（group B）, and mock procedures but without any treatment（group C）, respectively. The growth, histology, microvessel density（MVD）, and apoptosis of the grafts in each group were determined after the treatments. As compared with groups B and C, the volume of tumor grafts was significantly reduced（P〈0.05）, MVD was significantly decreased（P〈0.001）, and the cellular necrosis was obviously increased in group A. There was no significant difference in apoptosis among the three groups. The in vivo studies confirmed that 5-ALA-PDT may be an effective treatment for gliomas by inhibiting the tumor growth. The mechanism underlying may involve increasing the cellular necrosis but not inducing the cellular apoptosis, which may result from the destruction of the tumor microvessels.
基金supported by the funds from Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyUS NIH grant GM072744
文摘Tumor-initiating cells(TICs)are a highly tumorigenic subpopulation of solid tumor cells that play a critical role in the initiation of cancer~[1].These tumorigenic cells resist conventional chemotherapeutic drug treatment and are assumed to be playing major roles in cancer relapses after chemotherapy~[2].However,the notion of TICs has been rather controversial.A report shows that a high percentage(】25%)of human melanoma cells can generate a tumor in a NOD-SCID interleukin-2 receptor gamma chain null mouse~[3],suggesting that there is no clonal development of solid tumors,refuting the idea of TICs.We recently developed a method of isolating TICs from cancer cell lines by culturing single individual cells of B16-F1(a melanoma cell line)into 3D soft fibrin gels~[4].In addition to being able to generate local tumors in a
文摘The use of electro-acupuncture in treatingperipheral facial paralysis during the acute stagehas been a controversial issue among acupunc-turists.Since 1970,100 cases of acute stage peri-pheral facial paralysis(1-10 days after onset)have been treated with electro-acupuncture witha curs rate of 84% and an effective rate of 100%,no cases showing aggravation of symptoms aftertreatment.Electro-acupuncture is therefore usefulin the treatment for acute stage peripheral facialparalysis.
文摘Objective Recent evidence has indicated that hypertension is associated with impaired cognitive function. However, the prevention of cognitive disorders with antihypertensive therapy remains controversial.The trial provided evidence to compare the efficacy on cognitive function with the combination of amlodipine with diuretics or angiotensin II receptor blocker.
文摘The UN Security Council ended its debate on the South Korean Airliner crash on February 17 after a 2-day meeting without agreeing. to take any action on the controversial matter. The 2nd direct talks between the Nicaraguan Government and the Contras which began on February 18 in. Guatemala City. were suddenly broken next day.
文摘Living Cephalotaxus (plum yews) occurs mainly in East Asia and North of Indo-China peninsula. The study of original taxonomic literatures found that, in early days, the plum yews had ever been described as palnts of Taxus (Taxaceae). Since after the genus name Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. was firstly cited (from inedited and unpublished Flora Japonica) by Endlicher in 1842, most taxonomist thought which is the earliest time of the genus Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. was set. However, the genus Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. was formally effective and valid published by Sieb. & Zucc. in Flora Japonica in 1870 so that there exists some confusions in chronological order. Originally as a genus, Cephalotaxus was included in family Taxaceae and Neger (1907) separated Cephalotaxus from Taxaceae and set family Cephalotaxaceae. Later, Fu (1984) divided Cephalotaxus up into two sections of Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. sect. Pectinatae L. K. Fu and Cephalotaxus Sieb. & Zucc. sect. Cephalotaxus L. K. Fu on the bases of C. oliveri Masters differ significantly from other taxa of Cephalotaxus in morphological characteristics. Although the plum yews was a little genus of conifers, up to now, about 77 taxa have still been published by taxonomist in different countries or regions. Among them, C. tardiva Sieb. ex Endl. (1847), C. umbraculifera Sieb. ex Endl. (1847), C. sumatrana Miq. (1856) and C. celebica Warb. (1900) have been combined to Taxus, and C. argotaenia (Hance) Pilger (1903) has been combined to Amentotaxus. And at the same time, those taxa existing in Cephalotaxus courently which were accepted by most taxonomist in different countries was also cited in acticle. Lastly, the paper thought presently there still exists many debates about binary classification of Cephalotaxus and the nomenclature of this genus still particularly confusing. Based on some controversial problems, we also point out some taxonomically researching directions at creating some order out of the chaos.
文摘This paper investigates the perceptions, values, and considerations of ethics among public relations practitioners in the United Arab Emirates （UAE）. A questionnaire was distributed to 372 practitioners in various private and government organizations. Practitioners were asked how influential and relevant public relations ethical factors were on the practitioner＇s perception of ethics. Findings suggest that the daily practice of public relations day-by-day professionally practice learning, senior practitioners, senior executives, and managers along with religion play a major role in shaping the meaning, philosophy, and conception of the practitioner＇s ethics. Respondents were asked to describe the level of support they would give to the controversial public relations practices that may generate some ethical problems. The majority of the respondents did not agree on the use of ＂spreading rumors＂, ＂providing false information to satisfy the public＂, ＂misinformation and manipulation＂, ＂giving false promises＂, and ＂would not approve favoring personal interest over public interest＂.
文摘Helen of Troy has been depicted in many ways by different writers, from Homer onwards. She was both mortal and immortal. And she was involved in battles for many times, especially, the Trojan War. Both her birth and her life are legendary and mysterious, which cause many conflicting views and arguments.
文摘The purpose of this research is to identify the historical status of Song Dynasty of China.The historical status of Song Dynasty has been a controversial topic for a long time.Song Dynasty has been remembered in different ways in China and in the West at different times.This study will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Song Dynasty and evaluate Song Dynasty real istically and fairly.
文摘Urticaceae Juss.is a large cosmopolitan family and taxonomically difficult group,partly because it encompasses a broad range of morphological diversity and many of the diagnostic characters（e.g.flower,achene.stipule,bract）require a microscope for accurate determination.Meanwhile,most Uriiceae species have stinging hairs which make them more difficult to collect and identify.As a result,the infra-familial classification of Urticaceae has been controversial for more than a century.A research group led by Prof.
