This paper focuses on the study of mechanical design and control measures in smart home systems.First of all,it elaborates on the theoretical foundation of mechatronics technology,including its multidisciplinary integ...This paper focuses on the study of mechanical design and control measures in smart home systems.First of all,it elaborates on the theoretical foundation of mechatronics technology,including its multidisciplinary integration characteristics,system design principles,and constituent elements.It then reviews the research progress in this field,followed by a detailed analysis of mechatronics design in systems such as smart lighting and smart security,as well as the application of control algorithms and communication protocols in smart homes.Finally,it discusses challenges such as system compatibility and data security risks,proposing corresponding solutions to provide theoretical and practical references for the development of smart home systems.展开更多
Pinewood nematode is a devastating forest pathogen and is considered a quarantine organism worldwide.First identified in China 40 years ago,the disease has been spreading since.In response,Chinese authorities have int...Pinewood nematode is a devastating forest pathogen and is considered a quarantine organism worldwide.First identified in China 40 years ago,the disease has been spreading since.In response,Chinese authorities have introduced new requirements for preventing and controlling the disease.This paper proposes a new and highly effective preventive drug,a trunk injection agent usable at normal temperatures.Its use is suggested for localized epidemic areas to reduce diseased and dead trees and as a preventive measure in adjacent non-epidemic areas to prevent the infection from spreading,particularly protecting important and ancient pine trees.展开更多
Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senes...Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.展开更多
Based on the characteristics of wind-sand movement in the gravel desert area along the GolmudKorla Railway,this study employs numerical simulation,wind tunnel and field measurement methods to investigate the wind-sand...Based on the characteristics of wind-sand movement in the gravel desert area along the GolmudKorla Railway,this study employs numerical simulation,wind tunnel and field measurement methods to investigate the wind-sand protection mechanisms and effectiveness of various sand control measures for the Golmud-Korla Railway.Results reveal that wind-sand flow is significantly influenced by sand barrier with notable fluctuations in wind speed observed around these barriers.In the region of 0H to 5H(H is the height of the sand barrier model)downstream the barrier,where turbulent flow disturbances are particularly intense,substantial modifications to the airflow patterns were observed.Among the three types of sand barriers tested,the horizontal wind speed fluctuations on the leeward side of the reed bundle sand barrier are the most pronounced,with the lowest wind speed attenuation coefficient reaching 0.29.Within a specific range of wind speeds,the effective protective width of a sand barrier is negatively correlated with the upstream wind speed.The reed bundle sand barrier demonstrates the largest average protection width,followed by the highdensity polyethylene(HDPE)board sand barrier,while the metal mesh sand barrier provides the smallest protection.In the gravel desert area of southern Xinjiang,the sand trapping efficiency of the reed bundle and HDPE board barriers reaches 93.85%and 96.42%,respectively,with annual maximum accumulated sand volume of 3.342 m3/m and 3.73 m3/m.Both barriers demonstrate excellent wind-sand protection effects.From an environmental sustainability and operating lifetime perspective,a three-dimensional wind-sand control system composed of two or three reed bundle sand barriers is recommended for the Golmud-Korla Railway area.This endeavor would provide valuable insights and guidance for wind-sand disaster prevention and control in the gravel desert areas.展开更多
Chinese diesel trucks are the main contributors to NOx and particulate matter(PM)vehicle emissions.An increase in diesel trucks could aggravate air pollution and damage human health.The Chinese government has recently...Chinese diesel trucks are the main contributors to NOx and particulate matter(PM)vehicle emissions.An increase in diesel trucks could aggravate air pollution and damage human health.The Chinese government has recently implemented a series of emission control technologies andmeasures for air quality improvement.This paper summarizes recent control technologies and measures for diesel truck emissions in China and introduces the comprehensive application of control technologies and measures in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding regions.Remote onlinemonitoring technology has been adopted according to the China VI standard for heavy-duty diesel trucks,and control measures such as transportation structure adjustment and heavy pollution enterprise classification control continue to support the battle action plan for pollution control.Perspectives and suggestions are provided for promoting pollution control and supervision of diesel truck emissions:adhere to the concept of overall management and control,vigorously promote the application of systematic and technological means in emission monitoring,continuously facilitate cargo transportation structure adjustment and promote new energy freight vehicles.This paper aims to accelerate the implementation of control technologies and measures throughout China.China is endeavouring to control diesel truck exhaust pollution.China is willing to cooperate with the world to protect the global ecological environment.展开更多
Taking state-controlled section of Xuzhou Peiyan river as an example,the current water quality was monitored,and the cause of over water quality standard was analyzed.The results showed that the pollutants of Peiyan r...Taking state-controlled section of Xuzhou Peiyan river as an example,the current water quality was monitored,and the cause of over water quality standard was analyzed.The results showed that the pollutants of Peiyan river were mainly from the urban river segment,and the immediate cause of over standard was tributary pollutants in urban river segment with the runoff into rivers.So we should strengthen the maintenance of drainage control and gate-han,accelerate the construction of urban wastewater treatment facilities and supporting pipe network,promote rural decentralized sewage treatment,prevent and control livestock and poultry pollution,pesticides and fertilizers pollution,and intercept non-point source pollution by using eco-technology.展开更多
Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,s...Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,sharp decrease of global forest areas,soil erosion,acid rain pollution,water pollution and so on.This essay is to introduce the present status,formation causes and hazardous condition of acid rain pollution in china.Some feasible and effective control measures are put forward according to the actual situation in China.展开更多
[ Objective] The study aimed to research the identification of Persimmon anthracnose and its controlling methods.[ Method ] The pathogen and characteristics, infection and occurrence law, damage symptoms of persimmon ...[ Objective] The study aimed to research the identification of Persimmon anthracnose and its controlling methods.[ Method ] The pathogen and characteristics, infection and occurrence law, damage symptoms of persimmon anthracnose were stated simply and the methods for con- trolling the disease were summed up. [ Result] The pathogen of Persimmon anthracnose was Gloeospor/um kaki Hod, belonging to Deuteromycotina. Germination and invasion of the conidia, sporulation and growth of mycelium all required high temperature, with the optimum temperature of 25 ℃ and the lethal temperature of 50 ℃ （10 min）. The occurrence strength of Persimmon anthracnose related with the factors including host, environment, culture circumstances, mainly doing harm to the fruits and branches. The occurrence of the disease could be controlled by such agricultur- al measures as cleaning the orchard, using the resistant varieties and planting the disease-free seedlings, adopting the balanced fertilization, improving the irrigation and drainage systems, conducting the dense planting and thin branches, building garden using the seedling that grafting on planted stock and raising the grafted parts of the stock. When the incidence was heavy, it needed to spray the fungicides or protective agent for the control of the Persimmon anthracnose. The fungicides should be mainly sprayed on the lesion of shoot, fruit surface and branches. [ Conclusion] The study provided the reference for the control of the Persimmon anthracnose.展开更多
The development characteristics of Semiothisa cinerearia Bremer ＆ Grey was summarized, and we also put forward the control measures of well completing insect surveys to provide scientific basis for the control and ac...The development characteristics of Semiothisa cinerearia Bremer ＆ Grey was summarized, and we also put forward the control measures of well completing insect surveys to provide scientific basis for the control and actively carrying out comprehensive management to control the pests damage in the economic permissible level.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to find out effective measures to solve land- scape water eutrophication. [Method] Based on an overview of the urban landscape water characteristics and pollution control situation, taking...[Objective] This study aimed to find out effective measures to solve land- scape water eutrophication. [Method] Based on an overview of the urban landscape water characteristics and pollution control situation, taking an example of the artificial lakes in a campus in Xi＇an, we comparatively analyzed the present pollution situation of Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake, and provided controlling measures against eutrophication pollution, as well as restoration measures. [Result] All the indicators （TN, TP, Chl-a, NH3-N, CODMn） of the landscape water quality in both Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake went severely beyond the Grade IV standards, presenting a state of heavy eutrophication. Nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient salts carried by atmospheric precipitation and its runoff, as well as domestic garbage generated by human activities were primary exogenous pollutants of the artificial lakes. And the release of sediment pollutants was endogenous substances causing deterioration of water quality. [Conclusion] This paper presents some measures to control the pollution of artificial lakes, and provides scientific references for the construction, operation and management of artificial lakes, as well as maintenance of aquatic environment.展开更多
The sugarcane rust was the main disease causing damage on sugarcane leaves. The biological characteristics of the sugarcane rust pathogens found in Beihai were studied. The research results showed that the germination...The sugarcane rust was the main disease causing damage on sugarcane leaves. The biological characteristics of the sugarcane rust pathogens found in Beihai were studied. The research results showed that the germination of uredospores would be promoted under the dark condition or with the glucose concentration of 1.5%. The suitable temperature range for the germination of uredospore was 20 -25 ℃, 25 ℃3 was the optimum temperature. The range of relative humidity （RH） for the germination of uredospore was over 80%, the optimum relative humidity for the germination of uredospore was 100% ＋water drops with the germination rate of 28.3%. Urediospore could germinate in the pH value range of 4.1 - 11.1, the most suitable pH value was 7.0. At routine conditions, the longest survival period of uredospore was 120 days. Selection of resistant varieties and cultivation management was the key of control measures.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate pesticide use in Qujing city and explore the control measures.[Method] Surveys were made on pesticide use by farmers in five vegetable bases in Qujing city by questionnaires to s...[Objective] The aim was to investigate pesticide use in Qujing city and explore the control measures.[Method] Surveys were made on pesticide use by farmers in five vegetable bases in Qujing city by questionnaires to study pesticide use and existing problems by farmers.[Result] Some problems existed in pesticide use in Qujing,such as non-standard pesticide source,lower-recognition of pesticide and impacts of pesticide residues on environment,and without professional guidance.[Conclusion] The existing problems can be resolved by enhancing technical trainings of technicians or pesticide managers,strengthening pesticide promotion,and reinforcing examination of pesticide residues.展开更多
Pathogen and characteristics,occurrence law,damage symptom of Paulownia fortunei witches broom disease were simply described,and the control method of the disease was summarized.
Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs a...Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs are the primary source of human rabies,as more than 95%of human cases can be traced to dogs[2,3].China faces a substantial burden of rabies,having endured three major human rabies epidemics,which occurred in the 1950s,1981,and 2007[4].Implementation of various prevention and control measures has decreased the number of human rabies cases from 3,300 in 2007 to 167 in 2024.In China.展开更多
Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert regions.Combating desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global scale.The Taklima...Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert regions.Combating desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global scale.The Taklimakan Desert in China is the second largest mobile desert in the world and has been called the''Dead Sea''due to few organisms can exist in such a harsh environment.The Taklimakan Desert Highway,the longest desert highway(a total length of 446 km)across the mobile desert in the world,was built in the 1990s within the Taklimakan Desert.It has an important strategic significance regarding oil and gas resources exploration and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of southern Xinjiang,China.However,wind-blow sand seriously damages the smoothness of the desert highway and,in this case,mechanical sand control system(including sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards)was used early in the life of the desert highway to protect the road.Unfortunately,more than 70%of the sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards have lost their functions,and the desert highway has often been buried and frequently blocked since 1999.To solve this problem,a long artificial shelterbelt with the length of 437 km was built along the desert highway since 2000.However,some potential problems still exist for the sustainable development of the desert highway,such as water shortage,strong sandstorms,extreme environmental characteristics and large maintenance costs.The study aims to provide an overview of the damages caused by wind-blown sand and the effects of sand control measures along the Taklimakan Desert Highway.Ultimately,we provide some suggestions for the biological sand control system to ensure the sustainable development of the Taklimakan Desert Highway,such as screening drought-resistant species to reduce the irrigation requirement and ensure the sound development of groundwater,screening halophytes to restore vegetation in the case of soil salinization,and planting cash crops,such as Cistanche,Wolfberry,Apocynum and other cash crops to decrease the high cost of maintenance on highways and shelterbelts.展开更多
Floor heave of a roadway is a dynamic phenomenon that often happens in the roadways of coal mines. It seriously affects safe production in the coal mine. Floor heave has long been one of the most difficult problems to...Floor heave of a roadway is a dynamic phenomenon that often happens in the roadways of coal mines. It seriously affects safe production in the coal mine. Floor heave has long been one of the most difficult problems to be resolved during coal mining. An analysis of floor heave in the soft rock surrounding the roadway, and the factors influencing it, allowed the deformation mechanism in the west wing double track haulage roadway of the Tingnan Coal Mine to be deduced. Three types of floor heave are observed there: intumescent floor heave, extrusion and mobility floor heave, and compound floor heave. Control measures are proposed that have been adopted during a recent repair engineering project. Control of the floor heave in the west wing track haulage roadway was demonstrated. The reliability and rationality of a combined support technology including floor anchors, an inverted arch, and anchoring of both sides was verified by mine pressure data and the field observations. Waterproofing measures were also under-taken to assist in the control of floor heave.展开更多
[Objective] Cause of disease and control measures of rice dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area was discussed. [Method] Field investigation and comprehensive analysis of the literature were conducted to study the ...[Objective] Cause of disease and control measures of rice dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area was discussed. [Method] Field investigation and comprehensive analysis of the literature were conducted to study the reason of dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area, some common control measures were summarized. [Result] The characteristic of main symptoms included incidence of single plant, incidence of cluster, inclusive incidence between clusters. Sporadic normal rice grains existed in diseased spikes under the incidence of grains. The main pathogenic factors of dry straight head disease were concentration of arsenic or lack of elements, belonging to physiological disease, while the effect of other pathogenic factors could not be excluded. Heavy application of organic fertilizer and crop rotation should be conducted, white soil field should be paid more attention about the changes of disease condition with more wet and dry roasting over fields. Application time of micro fertilizer should be chosen properly, while tillering final stage and pollen formation stage must be adjusted to avoid high temperature, irrigation management should also be improved. [Conclusion] The study could provide reference for preventing rice dry straight head disease.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Hemodialysis(HD)patients are at high risk of infection by hepatitis B virus(HBV)or hepatitis C virus(HCV).The present study was designed to determine the impact of quality control measures on the prevention...BACKGROUND:Hemodialysis(HD)patients are at high risk of infection by hepatitis B virus(HBV)or hepatitis C virus(HCV).The present study was designed to determine the impact of quality control measures on the prevention of transmission of blood-borne viruses.METHODS:A total of 6182 adult maintenance HD patients from all HD units in Zhejiang Province were recruited on January 1,2007.The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded and all patients were followed up until death or survival at 4 years later.The Quality Control Standards of Hemodialysis were gradually implemented in HD units.The HBV or HCV seroconversion rates of the recruited patients were calculated and compared every year during the observation period.RESULTS:The prevalence of HBV was 8.3%at the beginning of the study,and 6.6%for HCV.With the implementation of the HD quality control measures,the HBV seroconversion rate tended to decrease year by year(χ2=6.620,P=0.085),and the HCV seroconversion rate decreased significantly(χ2=10.41,P=0.015).Compared with the data in 2007,the HBV seroconversion rate(χ2=4.204,P=0.040,relative risk ratio 0.393,95%CI 0.156-0.991)and the HCV seroconversion rate(χ2=7.373,P=0.007,relative risk ratio 0.386,95%CI 0.189-0.787)decreased significantly in 2010.CONCLUSION:Quality control measures for HD decreased the seroconversion rates of HBV or HCV in HD patients,showing that updated quality control measures reduce the risk for transmission of blood-borne viruses in the HD population.展开更多
Objective Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread,the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in W...Objective Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread,the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in Western China.This study aimed to evaluate the strategy of hepatitis B prevention and control in Western China and identify potential areas and strategies for improvement.Methods Susceptible population vaccination,health education,professional training of doctors,and other prevention and control measures have been implemented in Wuwei city since 2010.Data were obtained from three representative cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 2010,2013,and 2015.The serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect the following seromarkers:HBV surface antigen(HBsAg),antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs),and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc).Estimates of variance were determined using Taylor series linearization methods.Results The three serosurveys revealed decreases in the prevalence of HBsAg(7.19% in 2010 vs.6.51% in 2013 vs.5.87% in 2015)and anti-HBc positivity(43.89%vs.32.87%vs.28.46%)and an increase in the prevalence of anti-HBs positivity(49.07%vs.53.66%vs.53.72%)over time.From 2010 to 2015,the legally reported incidence of hepatitis B in Wuwei city decreased from 686.53/100,000 to 53.72/100,000.Notably,persistently high HBsAg-positive rates(above 5.40%)were observed among subjects aged 20–69 years old in the three serosurveys;the prevalence of HBsAg was above 1% among children younger than 10 years old.Furthermore,rural subjects had higher rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity than their urban counterparts(6.04%vs.4.83% and 30.26%vs.20.35%,respectively)in 2015 but had a lower rate of anti-HBs positivity(49.68 vs.55.18%).Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,urban and rural areas,and education level were the main factors affecting HBV infection.Conclusion Although vaccine-based prevention and control measures reduced the rate of HBV infection in Wuwei City over time,the hepatitis B infection rate in children younger than 10 years was still higher than the national average level.Therefore,the prevention and control of mother-to-child transmission and the management of the infected should be the focus of future prevention and control work.展开更多
In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a ...In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a span-scale girder segment is temporarily stored in the open air, temperature gradients will significantly increase the maximum reaction force on temporary supports and cause local buckling at the bottom of the girder segment. Secondly, due to the temperature difference of the girder segments before and after girth-welding, some residual thermal deflections will appear on the girder segments because the boundary conditions of the structure are changed by the girth-welding. Thirdly, the thermal expansion and thermal bending of girder segments will cause movement and rotation of bearings, which must be considered in setting bearings. We propose control measures for these problems based on finite element method simulation with field-measured temperatures. The local buckling during open-air storage can be avoided by reasonably determining the appropriate positions of temporary supports using analysis of overall and local stresses. The residual thermal deflections can be overcome by performing girth-welding during a period when the vertical temperature difference of the girder is within 1 °C, such as after 22:00. Some formulas are proposed to determine the pre-set distances for bearings, in which the movement and rotation of the bearings due to dead loads and thermal loads are considered. Finally, the feasibility of these control measures in the placement of span-scale girder segments on a real continuous girder was verified: no local buckling was observed during open-air storage;the residual thermal deflections after girth-welding were controlled within 5 mm and the residual pre-set distances of bearings when the whole continuous girder reached its design state were controlled within 20 mm.展开更多
文摘This paper focuses on the study of mechanical design and control measures in smart home systems.First of all,it elaborates on the theoretical foundation of mechatronics technology,including its multidisciplinary integration characteristics,system design principles,and constituent elements.It then reviews the research progress in this field,followed by a detailed analysis of mechatronics design in systems such as smart lighting and smart security,as well as the application of control algorithms and communication protocols in smart homes.Finally,it discusses challenges such as system compatibility and data security risks,proposing corresponding solutions to provide theoretical and practical references for the development of smart home systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Number:2021YFD1400903).
文摘Pinewood nematode is a devastating forest pathogen and is considered a quarantine organism worldwide.First identified in China 40 years ago,the disease has been spreading since.In response,Chinese authorities have introduced new requirements for preventing and controlling the disease.This paper proposes a new and highly effective preventive drug,a trunk injection agent usable at normal temperatures.Its use is suggested for localized epidemic areas to reduce diseased and dead trees and as a preventive measure in adjacent non-epidemic areas to prevent the infection from spreading,particularly protecting important and ancient pine trees.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300221)China Agricultural Research System(CARS-15–15)+1 种基金Agricultural Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2024D03)Dong Hezhong Studio for Popularization of Science and Technology in Salt Tolerant Industrial Crops(202228297).
文摘Premature senescence in Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton has emerged as a significant challenge to the formation and realization of fiber yield and quality since its commercialization in 1997.Initially,premature senescence was thought to be an inherent trait associated with the Bt gene.However,subsequent research and practice have demonstrated that it is not directly linked to the Bt gene but rather results from a physiological imbalance between the sink and source,as well as between the root and shoot in Bt cotton.This short review provides an overview of the causes,mechanisms,and control measures for premature senescence in Bt cotton.It offers valuable insights for future research and the sustainable application of transgenic crops.
基金financially supported by Gansu Province Science and Technology Program Funding(25YFFA005)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of China Railway Corporation(2017G004-E)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,China(23JRRE0741)。
文摘Based on the characteristics of wind-sand movement in the gravel desert area along the GolmudKorla Railway,this study employs numerical simulation,wind tunnel and field measurement methods to investigate the wind-sand protection mechanisms and effectiveness of various sand control measures for the Golmud-Korla Railway.Results reveal that wind-sand flow is significantly influenced by sand barrier with notable fluctuations in wind speed observed around these barriers.In the region of 0H to 5H(H is the height of the sand barrier model)downstream the barrier,where turbulent flow disturbances are particularly intense,substantial modifications to the airflow patterns were observed.Among the three types of sand barriers tested,the horizontal wind speed fluctuations on the leeward side of the reed bundle sand barrier are the most pronounced,with the lowest wind speed attenuation coefficient reaching 0.29.Within a specific range of wind speeds,the effective protective width of a sand barrier is negatively correlated with the upstream wind speed.The reed bundle sand barrier demonstrates the largest average protection width,followed by the highdensity polyethylene(HDPE)board sand barrier,while the metal mesh sand barrier provides the smallest protection.In the gravel desert area of southern Xinjiang,the sand trapping efficiency of the reed bundle and HDPE board barriers reaches 93.85%and 96.42%,respectively,with annual maximum accumulated sand volume of 3.342 m3/m and 3.73 m3/m.Both barriers demonstrate excellent wind-sand protection effects.From an environmental sustainability and operating lifetime perspective,a three-dimensional wind-sand control system composed of two or three reed bundle sand barriers is recommended for the Golmud-Korla Railway area.This endeavor would provide valuable insights and guidance for wind-sand disaster prevention and control in the gravel desert areas.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (No.2022YFB2602001)the National Research Program for Key Issues in Air Pollution Control (No.DQGG0207).
文摘Chinese diesel trucks are the main contributors to NOx and particulate matter(PM)vehicle emissions.An increase in diesel trucks could aggravate air pollution and damage human health.The Chinese government has recently implemented a series of emission control technologies andmeasures for air quality improvement.This paper summarizes recent control technologies and measures for diesel truck emissions in China and introduces the comprehensive application of control technologies and measures in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding regions.Remote onlinemonitoring technology has been adopted according to the China VI standard for heavy-duty diesel trucks,and control measures such as transportation structure adjustment and heavy pollution enterprise classification control continue to support the battle action plan for pollution control.Perspectives and suggestions are provided for promoting pollution control and supervision of diesel truck emissions:adhere to the concept of overall management and control,vigorously promote the application of systematic and technological means in emission monitoring,continuously facilitate cargo transportation structure adjustment and promote new energy freight vehicles.This paper aims to accelerate the implementation of control technologies and measures throughout China.China is endeavouring to control diesel truck exhaust pollution.China is willing to cooperate with the world to protect the global ecological environment.
文摘Taking state-controlled section of Xuzhou Peiyan river as an example,the current water quality was monitored,and the cause of over water quality standard was analyzed.The results showed that the pollutants of Peiyan river were mainly from the urban river segment,and the immediate cause of over standard was tributary pollutants in urban river segment with the runoff into rivers.So we should strengthen the maintenance of drainage control and gate-han,accelerate the construction of urban wastewater treatment facilities and supporting pipe network,promote rural decentralized sewage treatment,prevent and control livestock and poultry pollution,pesticides and fertilizers pollution,and intercept non-point source pollution by using eco-technology.
文摘Environmental problem is one of three major issues of common concern in the world today.Being a developing socialist country,the environmental problems in china are even more prominent,mainly in population expansion,sharp decrease of global forest areas,soil erosion,acid rain pollution,water pollution and so on.This essay is to introduce the present status,formation causes and hazardous condition of acid rain pollution in china.Some feasible and effective control measures are put forward according to the actual situation in China.
基金Supported by National"Eleventh Five-Year"Technology Support Pro-ject(2006BAD09B07,2006BAD09B09,2007BAD88B04)~~
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to research the identification of Persimmon anthracnose and its controlling methods.[ Method ] The pathogen and characteristics, infection and occurrence law, damage symptoms of persimmon anthracnose were stated simply and the methods for con- trolling the disease were summed up. [ Result] The pathogen of Persimmon anthracnose was Gloeospor/um kaki Hod, belonging to Deuteromycotina. Germination and invasion of the conidia, sporulation and growth of mycelium all required high temperature, with the optimum temperature of 25 ℃ and the lethal temperature of 50 ℃ （10 min）. The occurrence strength of Persimmon anthracnose related with the factors including host, environment, culture circumstances, mainly doing harm to the fruits and branches. The occurrence of the disease could be controlled by such agricultur- al measures as cleaning the orchard, using the resistant varieties and planting the disease-free seedlings, adopting the balanced fertilization, improving the irrigation and drainage systems, conducting the dense planting and thin branches, building garden using the seedling that grafting on planted stock and raising the grafted parts of the stock. When the incidence was heavy, it needed to spray the fungicides or protective agent for the control of the Persimmon anthracnose. The fungicides should be mainly sprayed on the lesion of shoot, fruit surface and branches. [ Conclusion] The study provided the reference for the control of the Persimmon anthracnose.
文摘The development characteristics of Semiothisa cinerearia Bremer ＆ Grey was summarized, and we also put forward the control measures of well completing insect surveys to provide scientific basis for the control and actively carrying out comprehensive management to control the pests damage in the economic permissible level.
基金Supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(41102107)Basic Research Program for Technology Innovation,Chang'an University(CHD2012JC080)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to find out effective measures to solve land- scape water eutrophication. [Method] Based on an overview of the urban landscape water characteristics and pollution control situation, taking an example of the artificial lakes in a campus in Xi＇an, we comparatively analyzed the present pollution situation of Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake, and provided controlling measures against eutrophication pollution, as well as restoration measures. [Result] All the indicators （TN, TP, Chl-a, NH3-N, CODMn） of the landscape water quality in both Xiuyuan Lake and Mingyuan Lake went severely beyond the Grade IV standards, presenting a state of heavy eutrophication. Nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrient salts carried by atmospheric precipitation and its runoff, as well as domestic garbage generated by human activities were primary exogenous pollutants of the artificial lakes. And the release of sediment pollutants was endogenous substances causing deterioration of water quality. [Conclusion] This paper presents some measures to control the pollution of artificial lakes, and provides scientific references for the construction, operation and management of artificial lakes, as well as maintenance of aquatic environment.
基金Supported by Special Fund Project for Basic Research in Guangxi Sugarcane Research Institute(G2008010)Special Fund of Modern Industrial Technology System Construction(NYCYTXGXCXTD-02)~~
文摘The sugarcane rust was the main disease causing damage on sugarcane leaves. The biological characteristics of the sugarcane rust pathogens found in Beihai were studied. The research results showed that the germination of uredospores would be promoted under the dark condition or with the glucose concentration of 1.5%. The suitable temperature range for the germination of uredospore was 20 -25 ℃, 25 ℃3 was the optimum temperature. The range of relative humidity （RH） for the germination of uredospore was over 80%, the optimum relative humidity for the germination of uredospore was 100% ＋water drops with the germination rate of 28.3%. Urediospore could germinate in the pH value range of 4.1 - 11.1, the most suitable pH value was 7.0. At routine conditions, the longest survival period of uredospore was 120 days. Selection of resistant varieties and cultivation management was the key of control measures.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate pesticide use in Qujing city and explore the control measures.[Method] Surveys were made on pesticide use by farmers in five vegetable bases in Qujing city by questionnaires to study pesticide use and existing problems by farmers.[Result] Some problems existed in pesticide use in Qujing,such as non-standard pesticide source,lower-recognition of pesticide and impacts of pesticide residues on environment,and without professional guidance.[Conclusion] The existing problems can be resolved by enhancing technical trainings of technicians or pesticide managers,strengthening pesticide promotion,and reinforcing examination of pesticide residues.
文摘Pathogen and characteristics,occurrence law,damage symptom of Paulownia fortunei witches broom disease were simply described,and the control method of the disease was summarized.
文摘Rabies is a zoonotic disease with an estimated global mortality of 59,000 people annually and a burden of more than 3.7 million disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)that is caused by a neurotropic lyssavirus[1].Dogs are the primary source of human rabies,as more than 95%of human cases can be traced to dogs[2,3].China faces a substantial burden of rabies,having endured three major human rabies epidemics,which occurred in the 1950s,1981,and 2007[4].Implementation of various prevention and control measures has decreased the number of human rabies cases from 3,300 in 2007 to 167 in 2024.In China.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971731,41771121)the Xinjiang National Key Research and Development Program(2019B00005)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program(2017YFC0506705)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(2017476).
文摘Desertification is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world,especially in the arid desert regions.Combating desertification,therefore,is an urgent task on a regional or even global scale.The Taklimakan Desert in China is the second largest mobile desert in the world and has been called the''Dead Sea''due to few organisms can exist in such a harsh environment.The Taklimakan Desert Highway,the longest desert highway(a total length of 446 km)across the mobile desert in the world,was built in the 1990s within the Taklimakan Desert.It has an important strategic significance regarding oil and gas resources exploration and plays a vital role in the socio-economic development of southern Xinjiang,China.However,wind-blow sand seriously damages the smoothness of the desert highway and,in this case,mechanical sand control system(including sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards)was used early in the life of the desert highway to protect the road.Unfortunately,more than 70%of the sand barrier fences and straw checkerboards have lost their functions,and the desert highway has often been buried and frequently blocked since 1999.To solve this problem,a long artificial shelterbelt with the length of 437 km was built along the desert highway since 2000.However,some potential problems still exist for the sustainable development of the desert highway,such as water shortage,strong sandstorms,extreme environmental characteristics and large maintenance costs.The study aims to provide an overview of the damages caused by wind-blown sand and the effects of sand control measures along the Taklimakan Desert Highway.Ultimately,we provide some suggestions for the biological sand control system to ensure the sustainable development of the Taklimakan Desert Highway,such as screening drought-resistant species to reduce the irrigation requirement and ensure the sound development of groundwater,screening halophytes to restore vegetation in the case of soil salinization,and planting cash crops,such as Cistanche,Wolfberry,Apocynum and other cash crops to decrease the high cost of maintenance on highways and shelterbelts.
基金grateful to the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51134005, 40972196, and 41172263) for financing this research
文摘Floor heave of a roadway is a dynamic phenomenon that often happens in the roadways of coal mines. It seriously affects safe production in the coal mine. Floor heave has long been one of the most difficult problems to be resolved during coal mining. An analysis of floor heave in the soft rock surrounding the roadway, and the factors influencing it, allowed the deformation mechanism in the west wing double track haulage roadway of the Tingnan Coal Mine to be deduced. Three types of floor heave are observed there: intumescent floor heave, extrusion and mobility floor heave, and compound floor heave. Control measures are proposed that have been adopted during a recent repair engineering project. Control of the floor heave in the west wing track haulage roadway was demonstrated. The reliability and rationality of a combined support technology including floor anchors, an inverted arch, and anchoring of both sides was verified by mine pressure data and the field observations. Waterproofing measures were also under-taken to assist in the control of floor heave.
文摘[Objective] Cause of disease and control measures of rice dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area was discussed. [Method] Field investigation and comprehensive analysis of the literature were conducted to study the reason of dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area, some common control measures were summarized. [Result] The characteristic of main symptoms included incidence of single plant, incidence of cluster, inclusive incidence between clusters. Sporadic normal rice grains existed in diseased spikes under the incidence of grains. The main pathogenic factors of dry straight head disease were concentration of arsenic or lack of elements, belonging to physiological disease, while the effect of other pathogenic factors could not be excluded. Heavy application of organic fertilizer and crop rotation should be conducted, white soil field should be paid more attention about the changes of disease condition with more wet and dry roasting over fields. Application time of micro fertilizer should be chosen properly, while tillering final stage and pollen formation stage must be adjusted to avoid high temperature, irrigation management should also be improved. [Conclusion] The study could provide reference for preventing rice dry straight head disease.
基金supported by grants from Zhejiang Health Bureau(2008B073)Zhejiang Education Bureau(Y200909640)
文摘BACKGROUND:Hemodialysis(HD)patients are at high risk of infection by hepatitis B virus(HBV)or hepatitis C virus(HCV).The present study was designed to determine the impact of quality control measures on the prevention of transmission of blood-borne viruses.METHODS:A total of 6182 adult maintenance HD patients from all HD units in Zhejiang Province were recruited on January 1,2007.The baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded and all patients were followed up until death or survival at 4 years later.The Quality Control Standards of Hemodialysis were gradually implemented in HD units.The HBV or HCV seroconversion rates of the recruited patients were calculated and compared every year during the observation period.RESULTS:The prevalence of HBV was 8.3%at the beginning of the study,and 6.6%for HCV.With the implementation of the HD quality control measures,the HBV seroconversion rate tended to decrease year by year(χ2=6.620,P=0.085),and the HCV seroconversion rate decreased significantly(χ2=10.41,P=0.015).Compared with the data in 2007,the HBV seroconversion rate(χ2=4.204,P=0.040,relative risk ratio 0.393,95%CI 0.156-0.991)and the HCV seroconversion rate(χ2=7.373,P=0.007,relative risk ratio 0.386,95%CI 0.189-0.787)decreased significantly in 2010.CONCLUSION:Quality control measures for HD decreased the seroconversion rates of HBV or HCV in HD patients,showing that updated quality control measures reduce the risk for transmission of blood-borne viruses in the HD population.
基金supported by the China Special Grant for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases[2012ZX10004907,2017ZX10105011]Natural Science Foundation of China[81473026]。
文摘Objective Despite the remarkable progress in efforts to control disease spread,the nationwide elimination of hepatitis B in China is still hindered by the persistently high rate of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in Western China.This study aimed to evaluate the strategy of hepatitis B prevention and control in Western China and identify potential areas and strategies for improvement.Methods Susceptible population vaccination,health education,professional training of doctors,and other prevention and control measures have been implemented in Wuwei city since 2010.Data were obtained from three representative cross-sectional serosurveys conducted in 2010,2013,and 2015.The serum samples were subjected to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to detect the following seromarkers:HBV surface antigen(HBsAg),antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen(anti-HBs),and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen(anti-HBc).Estimates of variance were determined using Taylor series linearization methods.Results The three serosurveys revealed decreases in the prevalence of HBsAg(7.19% in 2010 vs.6.51% in 2013 vs.5.87% in 2015)and anti-HBc positivity(43.89%vs.32.87%vs.28.46%)and an increase in the prevalence of anti-HBs positivity(49.07%vs.53.66%vs.53.72%)over time.From 2010 to 2015,the legally reported incidence of hepatitis B in Wuwei city decreased from 686.53/100,000 to 53.72/100,000.Notably,persistently high HBsAg-positive rates(above 5.40%)were observed among subjects aged 20–69 years old in the three serosurveys;the prevalence of HBsAg was above 1% among children younger than 10 years old.Furthermore,rural subjects had higher rates of HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity than their urban counterparts(6.04%vs.4.83% and 30.26%vs.20.35%,respectively)in 2015 but had a lower rate of anti-HBs positivity(49.68 vs.55.18%).Multivariate regression analysis showed that age,urban and rural areas,and education level were the main factors affecting HBV infection.Conclusion Although vaccine-based prevention and control measures reduced the rate of HBV infection in Wuwei City over time,the hepatitis B infection rate in children younger than 10 years was still higher than the national average level.Therefore,the prevention and control of mother-to-child transmission and the management of the infected should be the focus of future prevention and control work.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51578496 and 51878603)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LZ16E080001)。
文摘In this study, we examined the thermal effects throughout the process of the placement of span-scale girder segments on a 6×110-m continuous steel box girder in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge. Firstly, when a span-scale girder segment is temporarily stored in the open air, temperature gradients will significantly increase the maximum reaction force on temporary supports and cause local buckling at the bottom of the girder segment. Secondly, due to the temperature difference of the girder segments before and after girth-welding, some residual thermal deflections will appear on the girder segments because the boundary conditions of the structure are changed by the girth-welding. Thirdly, the thermal expansion and thermal bending of girder segments will cause movement and rotation of bearings, which must be considered in setting bearings. We propose control measures for these problems based on finite element method simulation with field-measured temperatures. The local buckling during open-air storage can be avoided by reasonably determining the appropriate positions of temporary supports using analysis of overall and local stresses. The residual thermal deflections can be overcome by performing girth-welding during a period when the vertical temperature difference of the girder is within 1 °C, such as after 22:00. Some formulas are proposed to determine the pre-set distances for bearings, in which the movement and rotation of the bearings due to dead loads and thermal loads are considered. Finally, the feasibility of these control measures in the placement of span-scale girder segments on a real continuous girder was verified: no local buckling was observed during open-air storage;the residual thermal deflections after girth-welding were controlled within 5 mm and the residual pre-set distances of bearings when the whole continuous girder reached its design state were controlled within 20 mm.
