Background: Insomnia is a common complaint that is closely related to gastrointestinal symptoms, which is consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine classical theory of ‘‘stomach disharmony leading to restless...Background: Insomnia is a common complaint that is closely related to gastrointestinal symptoms, which is consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine classical theory of ‘‘stomach disharmony leading to restless sleep." Acupuncture is an effective complementary and alternative medicine therapy to improve gastrointestinal function and restore the normal sleep-wake cycle. However, studies on the effectiveness of acupuncture for insomnia due to spleen-stomach disharmony syndrome are limited to case reports and few randomized controlled trials; deeper research on its mechanism is still lacking. This randomized controlled trial aims to assess the treatment efficacy of ‘‘harmonizing stomach to tranquilize mind"acupuncture for insomnia and its influence on the intestinal microbiome.Methods/design: This is a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study. Sixty eligible patients with insomnia due to spleen-stomach disharmony syndrome will be randomly divided into two groups(1:1 allocation ratio). The intervention group will use ‘‘harmonizing stomach to tranquilize mind"acupuncture, and the control group will receive sham acupuncture. Participants will receive 5 acupuncture treatment sessions per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture treatment by making assessments at baseline, the end of treatment and the end of the follow-up. High-throughput 16 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing will be performed to detect changes in the intestinal microbial composition before and after treatment.Discussion: The results of this trial are expected to confirm that ‘‘harmonizing stomach to tranquilize mind" acupuncture can effectively relieve insomnia and alter the intestinal microbiome.展开更多
Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN)is a cutting-edge technology that is being used in healthcare applications to monitor critical events in the human body.WBAN is a collection of in-body and on-body sensors that monitor ...Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN)is a cutting-edge technology that is being used in healthcare applications to monitor critical events in the human body.WBAN is a collection of in-body and on-body sensors that monitor human physical parameters such as temperature,blood pressure,pulse rate,oxygen level,body motion,and so on.They sense the data and communicate it to the Body Area Network(BAN)Coordinator.The main challenge for the WBAN is energy consumption.These issues can be addressed by implementing an effective Medium Access Control(MAC)protocol that reduces energy consumption and increases network lifetime.The purpose of the study is to minimize the energy consumption and minimize the delay using IEEE 802.15.4 standard.In our proposed work,if any critical events have occurred the proposed work is to classify and prioritize the data.We gave priority to the highly critical data to get the Guarantee Tine Slots(GTS)in IEEE 802.15.4 standard superframe to achieve greater energy efficiency.The proposed MAC provides higher data rates for critical data based on the history and current condition and also provides the best reliable service to high critical data and critical data by predicting node similarity.As an outcome,we proposed a MAC protocol for Variable Data Rates(MVDR).When compared to existing MAC protocols,the MVDR performed very well with low energy intake,less interruption,and an enhanced packet-sharing ratio.展开更多
针对PTP(precise time protocol)协议在应用层获取软件时间戳导致时钟同步精度下降的问题,提出一种基于MAC(media access control)层获取硬件时间戳的PTP同步优化方案。设计了以STM32F407微处理器为核心的PTP时钟应用平台,在MAC层实现...针对PTP(precise time protocol)协议在应用层获取软件时间戳导致时钟同步精度下降的问题,提出一种基于MAC(media access control)层获取硬件时间戳的PTP同步优化方案。设计了以STM32F407微处理器为核心的PTP时钟应用平台,在MAC层实现了硬件时间戳获取,避免了由于协议栈软件处理延时产生的不确定性;针对PTP时钟晶振老化导致的时间同步偏差及网络延迟抖动问题,采用迭代方法优化了本地时钟频率调节算法,提高了频率校正精度。经实际测试,主从时钟偏差的RMS(root mean square)优于20 ns,提升了时钟同步精度。展开更多
Quantitative security metrics are desirable for measuring the performance of information security controls. Security metrics help to make functional and business decisions for improving the performance and cost of the...Quantitative security metrics are desirable for measuring the performance of information security controls. Security metrics help to make functional and business decisions for improving the performance and cost of the security controls. However, defining enterprise-level security metrics has already been listed as one of the hard problems in the Info Sec Research Council's hard problems list. Almost all the efforts in defining absolute security metrics for the enterprise security have not been proved fruitful. At the same time, with the maturity of the security industry, there has been a continuous emphasis from the regulatory bodies on establishing measurable security metrics. This paper addresses this need and proposes a relative security metric model that derives three quantitative security metrics named Attack Resiliency Measure(ARM), Performance Improvement Factor(PIF), and Cost/Benefit Measure(CBM) for measuring the performance of the security controls. For the effectiveness evaluation of the proposed security metrics, we took the secure virtual machine(VM) migration protocol as the target of assessment. The virtual-ization technologies are rapidly changing the landscape of the computing world. Devising security metrics for virtualized environment is even more challenging. As secure virtual machine migration is an evolving area and no standard protocol is available specifically for secure VM migration. This paper took the secure virtual machine migration protocol as the target of assessment and applied the proposed relative security metric model for measuring the Attack Resiliency Measure, Performance Improvement Factor, and Cost/Benefit Measure of the secure VM migration protocol.展开更多
This paper proposes a new multi-channel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol named as Dual Reservation Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based MAC protocol with Power Control (DRCPC). The code channel is divided in...This paper proposes a new multi-channel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol named as Dual Reservation Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based MAC protocol with Power Control (DRCPC). The code channel is divided into common channel,broadcast channel and several data chan-nels. And dynamic power control mechanism is implemented to reduce near-far interference. Compared with IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol,the results show that the pro-posed mechanism improves the average throughput and limits the transmission delay efficiently.展开更多
低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area Network,LPWAN)技术的出现,能够在保证更远距离的通信传输的同时,最大限度地降低功耗,节约传输成本。LoRa(Long Range)技术作为其中的佼佼者,凭借其远距离、低功耗、大容量、强抗干扰、高接收灵敏度...低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area Network,LPWAN)技术的出现,能够在保证更远距离的通信传输的同时,最大限度地降低功耗,节约传输成本。LoRa(Long Range)技术作为其中的佼佼者,凭借其远距离、低功耗、大容量、强抗干扰、高接收灵敏度的特点,备受工业界和学术界的青睐。针对目前工业中主流使用的基于ALOHA的LoRaWAN协议无法很好地解决海量终端设备接入LoRa网络后所带来的严重数据包冲突以及LoRa CAD(Channel Activity Detection)功能带来的隐藏终端问题,提出了一种基于BTMA(Busy Tone Multiple Access)的LoRa网络MAC协议——BT-MAC协议。该协议利用了LoRa高接收灵敏度的特性,网关利用“忙音”信标来通知各个节点网关的工作情况,减少了无效包的发送。同时,节点端通过记录有“忙音”信息和本地信息的逻辑信道矩阵,结合最优信道选择算法,选出最优逻辑信道进行发送,降低了端节点上行数据包之间的冲突,有效缓解了LoRa网络中的隐藏终端问题以及阻塞问题。此外,搭建了LoRa网络MAC协议测试平台,并测试了BT-MAC的有效性,完成了室内和室外环境大规模的并发实验和能耗检测实验。实验结果表明,BT-MAC协议的吞吐量是LMAC-2协议的1.6倍,是ALOHA协议的5.1倍;同时其包接收率达到LMAC-2协议的1.53倍,ALOHA协议的17.2倍;其包接收平均能耗约为LMAC-2协议的64.1%,为ALOHA协议的14.2%。展开更多
In this paper,we develop a quantum communication protocol for the simultaneous preparation of a two-qubit and a three-qubit state at the positions of two different parties situated spatially apart.For one party,Alice,...In this paper,we develop a quantum communication protocol for the simultaneous preparation of a two-qubit and a three-qubit state at the positions of two different parties situated spatially apart.For one party,Alice,it is a remote state preparation of a known two-qubit state while for the other party,Bob,it is a joint remote state preparation with the help of a third party,Eve.The protocol is executed in a hybrid form bi-directionally in the presence of two controllers,Charlie and David.There is a hierarchy in the process through different levels of control under which the actions by Alice and Bob are performed.There is a need for a ten-qubit entangled channel connecting the five parties.The generation of this channel through a circuit is discussed.The protocol is executed on the IBM Quantum platform.We also study the effect of noise on our protocol.Here,amplitude-damping,bit-flip and phase-flip noisy environments are considered and the corresponding variations of fidelity are theoretically and numerically analyzed.展开更多
In order to improve the throughput performance of the secondary users （SUs） in the cognitive radio （CR） environment, a quality of service （QoS） based media access control （MAC） protocol is proposed. In this pr...In order to improve the throughput performance of the secondary users （SUs） in the cognitive radio （CR） environment, a quality of service （QoS） based media access control （MAC） protocol is proposed. In this protocol, the CR node maps the channel state as a vector, and the transmitter and the receiver obtain the final channel map through an AND operation to prepare for an optional channel set. Data from the upper application layer are classified into two priority levels according to the QoS requirement. The data of each level relate to different contention windows so that the priority of real time data can be guaranteed. A two-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain is utilized to evaluate the system performance, and mathematical expressions of the system throughput are derived. Simulation results show that compared with the IEEE 802. 11 distributed coordination function （DCF）, the proposed MAC protocol can achieve higher throughput.展开更多
针对现有分级多PAN太赫兹无线网络MAC(Medium Access Control)协议中存在的子网形成方案不合理以及私有CTA(Channel Time Allocation)与子网内实际负载不匹配等问题,提出了一种高效低时延的MAC层优化协议.该协议采用基于泛听的按需形成...针对现有分级多PAN太赫兹无线网络MAC(Medium Access Control)协议中存在的子网形成方案不合理以及私有CTA(Channel Time Allocation)与子网内实际负载不匹配等问题,提出了一种高效低时延的MAC层优化协议.该协议采用基于泛听的按需形成子网机制避免了子网分布不均匀以及因子网形成后没有节点加入而造成的私有CTA资源浪费的问题.在子网形成后,子微微网协调器(Piconet Coordinator,PNC)根据子网内实际负载情况自适应选择私有CTA时隙资源优化机制,让有数据传输需求的节点及时将数据发出.仿真结果表明,所提出的方案能有效地降低数据帧平均接入时延,提高吞吐量以及数据帧的传输成功率.展开更多
近年来,无人机群自组网(UAV Swarm Ad Hoc Network,UAVSNet)的单个UAV不断自主化与智能化,但UAV之间的协同通信仍存在挑战。媒体接入控制(Media Access Control,MAC)协议是其关键技术之一,并成为了新的研究热点。通过概述MAC协议的分类...近年来,无人机群自组网(UAV Swarm Ad Hoc Network,UAVSNet)的单个UAV不断自主化与智能化,但UAV之间的协同通信仍存在挑战。媒体接入控制(Media Access Control,MAC)协议是其关键技术之一,并成为了新的研究热点。通过概述MAC协议的分类及设计要点,对竞争类MAC协议、非竞争类MAC协议以及混合类MAC协议接入机制、性能表现及不足进行详细综述并提出展望。为UAVSNet的MAC协议的研究和应用提供了理论支持。展开更多
Background: Fire-needle acupuncture, an important kind of acupuncture therapy, has been clinically used to treat upper limb spastic paralysis(ULSP) after stroke. Clinical experience has indicated that fire-needle acup...Background: Fire-needle acupuncture, an important kind of acupuncture therapy, has been clinically used to treat upper limb spastic paralysis(ULSP) after stroke. Clinical experience has indicated that fire-needle acupuncture treatment takes less time, requires fewer visits, and has more rapid results and fewer side effects compared to chemical medicine alternatives. This study will evaluate the effects of fire-needle acupuncture for ULSP in the context of standardized clinical research and provide high-quality data to inform clinical procedures and future study design.Methods/Design: A randomized controlled trial will be carried out to evaluate the effects of fire-needle acupuncture therapy in patients with ULSP from stroke. ULSP patients(n = 120) will be recruited at Changhai Hospital in Shanghai, China. Patients will be randomly divided into three groups, including fire-needle acupuncture group(FAG), filiform-needle acupuncture group(FFAG) and rehabilitation treatment group(RTG). During the 3-week treatment, the FAG will be treated every two days, while FFAG and RTG will be treated 5 d in a row and then rest for 2 d. The Simplified Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Scale and Modified Ashworth Scale will be used as the primary outcome measures. Statistical analysis will be conducted by an independent statistician.Discussion: Through this study, the utility of fire-needle acupuncture in treating ULSP after stroke will be tested, and some specific claims of fire-needle acupuncture therapy will be evaluated, such as relieving spasm and muscular tension, improving activities of daily living, rapidity of response and less frequency of treatment compared with other treatments.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Science and Technology Planned Project of Sichuan Province,China (No.18YYJC0949)
文摘Background: Insomnia is a common complaint that is closely related to gastrointestinal symptoms, which is consistent with the traditional Chinese medicine classical theory of ‘‘stomach disharmony leading to restless sleep." Acupuncture is an effective complementary and alternative medicine therapy to improve gastrointestinal function and restore the normal sleep-wake cycle. However, studies on the effectiveness of acupuncture for insomnia due to spleen-stomach disharmony syndrome are limited to case reports and few randomized controlled trials; deeper research on its mechanism is still lacking. This randomized controlled trial aims to assess the treatment efficacy of ‘‘harmonizing stomach to tranquilize mind"acupuncture for insomnia and its influence on the intestinal microbiome.Methods/design: This is a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group study. Sixty eligible patients with insomnia due to spleen-stomach disharmony syndrome will be randomly divided into two groups(1:1 allocation ratio). The intervention group will use ‘‘harmonizing stomach to tranquilize mind"acupuncture, and the control group will receive sham acupuncture. Participants will receive 5 acupuncture treatment sessions per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture treatment by making assessments at baseline, the end of treatment and the end of the follow-up. High-throughput 16 S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing will be performed to detect changes in the intestinal microbial composition before and after treatment.Discussion: The results of this trial are expected to confirm that ‘‘harmonizing stomach to tranquilize mind" acupuncture can effectively relieve insomnia and alter the intestinal microbiome.
文摘Wireless Body Area Network(WBAN)is a cutting-edge technology that is being used in healthcare applications to monitor critical events in the human body.WBAN is a collection of in-body and on-body sensors that monitor human physical parameters such as temperature,blood pressure,pulse rate,oxygen level,body motion,and so on.They sense the data and communicate it to the Body Area Network(BAN)Coordinator.The main challenge for the WBAN is energy consumption.These issues can be addressed by implementing an effective Medium Access Control(MAC)protocol that reduces energy consumption and increases network lifetime.The purpose of the study is to minimize the energy consumption and minimize the delay using IEEE 802.15.4 standard.In our proposed work,if any critical events have occurred the proposed work is to classify and prioritize the data.We gave priority to the highly critical data to get the Guarantee Tine Slots(GTS)in IEEE 802.15.4 standard superframe to achieve greater energy efficiency.The proposed MAC provides higher data rates for critical data based on the history and current condition and also provides the best reliable service to high critical data and critical data by predicting node similarity.As an outcome,we proposed a MAC protocol for Variable Data Rates(MVDR).When compared to existing MAC protocols,the MVDR performed very well with low energy intake,less interruption,and an enhanced packet-sharing ratio.
文摘针对PTP(precise time protocol)协议在应用层获取软件时间戳导致时钟同步精度下降的问题,提出一种基于MAC(media access control)层获取硬件时间戳的PTP同步优化方案。设计了以STM32F407微处理器为核心的PTP时钟应用平台,在MAC层实现了硬件时间戳获取,避免了由于协议栈软件处理延时产生的不确定性;针对PTP时钟晶振老化导致的时间同步偏差及网络延迟抖动问题,采用迭代方法优化了本地时钟频率调节算法,提高了频率校正精度。经实际测试,主从时钟偏差的RMS(root mean square)优于20 ns,提升了时钟同步精度。
文摘Quantitative security metrics are desirable for measuring the performance of information security controls. Security metrics help to make functional and business decisions for improving the performance and cost of the security controls. However, defining enterprise-level security metrics has already been listed as one of the hard problems in the Info Sec Research Council's hard problems list. Almost all the efforts in defining absolute security metrics for the enterprise security have not been proved fruitful. At the same time, with the maturity of the security industry, there has been a continuous emphasis from the regulatory bodies on establishing measurable security metrics. This paper addresses this need and proposes a relative security metric model that derives three quantitative security metrics named Attack Resiliency Measure(ARM), Performance Improvement Factor(PIF), and Cost/Benefit Measure(CBM) for measuring the performance of the security controls. For the effectiveness evaluation of the proposed security metrics, we took the secure virtual machine(VM) migration protocol as the target of assessment. The virtual-ization technologies are rapidly changing the landscape of the computing world. Devising security metrics for virtualized environment is even more challenging. As secure virtual machine migration is an evolving area and no standard protocol is available specifically for secure VM migration. This paper took the secure virtual machine migration protocol as the target of assessment and applied the proposed relative security metric model for measuring the Attack Resiliency Measure, Performance Improvement Factor, and Cost/Benefit Measure of the secure VM migration protocol.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of Shanghai Mu-nicipal Commission of Science and Technology under contract 045115012.
文摘This paper proposes a new multi-channel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol named as Dual Reservation Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) based MAC protocol with Power Control (DRCPC). The code channel is divided into common channel,broadcast channel and several data chan-nels. And dynamic power control mechanism is implemented to reduce near-far interference. Compared with IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) protocol,the results show that the pro-posed mechanism improves the average throughput and limits the transmission delay efficiently.
文摘低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area Network,LPWAN)技术的出现,能够在保证更远距离的通信传输的同时,最大限度地降低功耗,节约传输成本。LoRa(Long Range)技术作为其中的佼佼者,凭借其远距离、低功耗、大容量、强抗干扰、高接收灵敏度的特点,备受工业界和学术界的青睐。针对目前工业中主流使用的基于ALOHA的LoRaWAN协议无法很好地解决海量终端设备接入LoRa网络后所带来的严重数据包冲突以及LoRa CAD(Channel Activity Detection)功能带来的隐藏终端问题,提出了一种基于BTMA(Busy Tone Multiple Access)的LoRa网络MAC协议——BT-MAC协议。该协议利用了LoRa高接收灵敏度的特性,网关利用“忙音”信标来通知各个节点网关的工作情况,减少了无效包的发送。同时,节点端通过记录有“忙音”信息和本地信息的逻辑信道矩阵,结合最优信道选择算法,选出最优逻辑信道进行发送,降低了端节点上行数据包之间的冲突,有效缓解了LoRa网络中的隐藏终端问题以及阻塞问题。此外,搭建了LoRa网络MAC协议测试平台,并测试了BT-MAC的有效性,完成了室内和室外环境大规模的并发实验和能耗检测实验。实验结果表明,BT-MAC协议的吞吐量是LMAC-2协议的1.6倍,是ALOHA协议的5.1倍;同时其包接收率达到LMAC-2协议的1.53倍,ALOHA协议的17.2倍;其包接收平均能耗约为LMAC-2协议的64.1%,为ALOHA协议的14.2%。
基金supported by the the University Grants Commission(UGC),Government of India(NTA Ref.No.:211610140697,dated:19th April 2022)supported by the Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology,Shibpur。
文摘In this paper,we develop a quantum communication protocol for the simultaneous preparation of a two-qubit and a three-qubit state at the positions of two different parties situated spatially apart.For one party,Alice,it is a remote state preparation of a known two-qubit state while for the other party,Bob,it is a joint remote state preparation with the help of a third party,Eve.The protocol is executed in a hybrid form bi-directionally in the presence of two controllers,Charlie and David.There is a hierarchy in the process through different levels of control under which the actions by Alice and Bob are performed.There is a need for a ten-qubit entangled channel connecting the five parties.The generation of this channel through a circuit is discussed.The protocol is executed on the IBM Quantum platform.We also study the effect of noise on our protocol.Here,amplitude-damping,bit-flip and phase-flip noisy environments are considered and the corresponding variations of fidelity are theoretically and numerically analyzed.
基金The National Science and Technology Major Project( No. 2010ZX03006-002-01 )the National Basic Research Program of China ( 973 Program) ( No. 2011CB302905)the Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province ( No. BE2011177)
文摘In order to improve the throughput performance of the secondary users （SUs） in the cognitive radio （CR） environment, a quality of service （QoS） based media access control （MAC） protocol is proposed. In this protocol, the CR node maps the channel state as a vector, and the transmitter and the receiver obtain the final channel map through an AND operation to prepare for an optional channel set. Data from the upper application layer are classified into two priority levels according to the QoS requirement. The data of each level relate to different contention windows so that the priority of real time data can be guaranteed. A two-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain is utilized to evaluate the system performance, and mathematical expressions of the system throughput are derived. Simulation results show that compared with the IEEE 802. 11 distributed coordination function （DCF）, the proposed MAC protocol can achieve higher throughput.
文摘近年来,无人机群自组网(UAV Swarm Ad Hoc Network,UAVSNet)的单个UAV不断自主化与智能化,但UAV之间的协同通信仍存在挑战。媒体接入控制(Media Access Control,MAC)协议是其关键技术之一,并成为了新的研究热点。通过概述MAC协议的分类及设计要点,对竞争类MAC协议、非竞争类MAC协议以及混合类MAC协议接入机制、性能表现及不足进行详细综述并提出展望。为UAVSNet的MAC协议的研究和应用提供了理论支持。
基金funded by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.17401933900)
文摘Background: Fire-needle acupuncture, an important kind of acupuncture therapy, has been clinically used to treat upper limb spastic paralysis(ULSP) after stroke. Clinical experience has indicated that fire-needle acupuncture treatment takes less time, requires fewer visits, and has more rapid results and fewer side effects compared to chemical medicine alternatives. This study will evaluate the effects of fire-needle acupuncture for ULSP in the context of standardized clinical research and provide high-quality data to inform clinical procedures and future study design.Methods/Design: A randomized controlled trial will be carried out to evaluate the effects of fire-needle acupuncture therapy in patients with ULSP from stroke. ULSP patients(n = 120) will be recruited at Changhai Hospital in Shanghai, China. Patients will be randomly divided into three groups, including fire-needle acupuncture group(FAG), filiform-needle acupuncture group(FFAG) and rehabilitation treatment group(RTG). During the 3-week treatment, the FAG will be treated every two days, while FFAG and RTG will be treated 5 d in a row and then rest for 2 d. The Simplified Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Scale and Modified Ashworth Scale will be used as the primary outcome measures. Statistical analysis will be conducted by an independent statistician.Discussion: Through this study, the utility of fire-needle acupuncture in treating ULSP after stroke will be tested, and some specific claims of fire-needle acupuncture therapy will be evaluated, such as relieving spasm and muscular tension, improving activities of daily living, rapidity of response and less frequency of treatment compared with other treatments.
