The Datun contract documents provide empirical evidence for investigating the actual state of tuntian land transactionsin central Guizhou during the Qing dynasty.After the Wei-suo garrisons in Datun Village,Puding Cou...The Datun contract documents provide empirical evidence for investigating the actual state of tuntian land transactionsin central Guizhou during the Qing dynasty.After the Wei-suo garrisons in Datun Village,Puding County,were merged intoprefectural and county administrations,the village formed a"one place,three jurisdictions"governance pattern,rooted in thecoexistence of multiple land tax categories,including tuntian,ketian,and qiutian.Although land remained nominally classifiedas"tun"or"ke",and the documents continued to use the term"ding",tuntian had effectively been privatized,unifying rights tothe land's base and surface,and enabling free circulation.Tuntian primarily served as an indicator of tax grade,and transactionprices were lower than those of ketian due to"high tax,low price".Examining tuntian transactions provides empirical insightsinto land tenure structures and socio-economic changes in central Guizhou from the Ming to Qing dynasties.展开更多
This thesis mainly refers to English Chinese contract translation.Foreign contract is a legal document binding on both parties to the contract.Both Chinese and English contracts have the same authority and seriousness...This thesis mainly refers to English Chinese contract translation.Foreign contract is a legal document binding on both parties to the contract.Both Chinese and English contracts have the same authority and seriousness.Accurate and formula expression is the main feature in translating,which belongs to a solemn and rigid linguistics style.It is different from ordinary English and has its particularity in vocabulary and syntax,its translation skills are worth studying and exploring by business people.In addition to characteristic language and translational skills in business language,this thesis contains details and analysis clauses in business contract and its translation with some useful appendix and terminology,advises readers some general instructions and language tips in translating foreign documents.展开更多
文摘The Datun contract documents provide empirical evidence for investigating the actual state of tuntian land transactionsin central Guizhou during the Qing dynasty.After the Wei-suo garrisons in Datun Village,Puding County,were merged intoprefectural and county administrations,the village formed a"one place,three jurisdictions"governance pattern,rooted in thecoexistence of multiple land tax categories,including tuntian,ketian,and qiutian.Although land remained nominally classifiedas"tun"or"ke",and the documents continued to use the term"ding",tuntian had effectively been privatized,unifying rights tothe land's base and surface,and enabling free circulation.Tuntian primarily served as an indicator of tax grade,and transactionprices were lower than those of ketian due to"high tax,low price".Examining tuntian transactions provides empirical insightsinto land tenure structures and socio-economic changes in central Guizhou from the Ming to Qing dynasties.
文摘This thesis mainly refers to English Chinese contract translation.Foreign contract is a legal document binding on both parties to the contract.Both Chinese and English contracts have the same authority and seriousness.Accurate and formula expression is the main feature in translating,which belongs to a solemn and rigid linguistics style.It is different from ordinary English and has its particularity in vocabulary and syntax,its translation skills are worth studying and exploring by business people.In addition to characteristic language and translational skills in business language,this thesis contains details and analysis clauses in business contract and its translation with some useful appendix and terminology,advises readers some general instructions and language tips in translating foreign documents.
