Carnitine(CAR) is a vital quaternary ammonium compound. However, the characteristics of CAR content and its influencing factors across different marine animal species remain poorly understood. This study examined the ...Carnitine(CAR) is a vital quaternary ammonium compound. However, the characteristics of CAR content and its influencing factors across different marine animal species remain poorly understood. This study examined the CAR content in 258 marine animals, representing 54 species across seven classes, collected from coastal and offshore regions of China and the Northwest Pacific Ocean(NWPO) between May 2020 and June 2022. The CAR content ranged from0.01 mmol/kg to 1.33 mmol/kg, with a mean value of(0.15 ± 0.18) mmol/kg(mean ± standard deviation). The highest CAR content was observed in Crustacea [(0.48 ± 0.38) mmol/kg], which was four times greater than the average CAR content in the other classes [(0.12 ± 0.11) mmol/kg]. Overall, the CAR content exhibited minor variation among marine animals, potentially because the carnitine pool maintains its dynamic balance. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between the CAR content and environmental factors in some species: a negative correlation with seawater temperature and positive correlations with latitude, seawater salinity, and depth. These results suggest that the CAR content in marine animals is influenced by environmental changes. This study provides theoretical insights for understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of CAR content in marine animals.展开更多
The effects of Cr content and annealing temperature on abrasive wear characteristics of cast ausferrite nodular iron were investigated with Suga type abrasive wear tester. The surface morphology and Vickers hardness o...The effects of Cr content and annealing temperature on abrasive wear characteristics of cast ausferrite nodular iron were investigated with Suga type abrasive wear tester. The surface morphology and Vickers hardness of the tested samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, digital microscope and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the cast ausferrite nodular iron could be obtained by alloying with Cr in the as-cast ductile cast iron and permanent mold casting, and the bainite content in the matrix increased with increasing Cr content. However, the decomposition of bainite took place during annealing at 500 °C to 800 °C; especially, at 800 °C, the bainite transformed into a mixture of fine lamellar pearlite and ferrite matrix structure. The wear loss of specimens was reduced with increasing Cr content in the cast ausferrite nodular iron. The wear loss of the sample cast ausferrite nodular iron with 0.4mass% Cr is the least. The wear loss began to increase while the Cr content is 0.6mass%. The wear loss of annealed ductile irons at different annealing temperatures was higher than that of as-cast samples. During the abrasive wear, the shear stress transformed austenite to martensite, and the hardness of specimens increased and the wear resistance of as-cast ductile cast iron was improved.展开更多
Through sampling in farmland and analysis in laboratory,the contents and the pollution level of Cr,Cu,As,Pb,Zn in different soils were studied. The comparative result showed that the As in all soil samples are lower t...Through sampling in farmland and analysis in laboratory,the contents and the pollution level of Cr,Cu,As,Pb,Zn in different soils were studied. The comparative result showed that the As in all soil samples are lower than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,the Cr in lower half soil samples are higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,the Cu and Zn in majority soil samples are higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,and the Pb in all soil samples is higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation. The single factor pollution index and multi-factor pollution index method were used to evaluate the soil pollution. According to Soil Environmental Quality Standard,the studied soils were at unpolluted degrees,the soils were clear,the quality of soil adapt to the crop growth,and not affect the quality of agricultural product.展开更多
Earth is the place of human existence and life. Without the earth,there is no human,no nature either. To study human existence,the earth of human living is firstly studied. By the study of many natural phenomena on th...Earth is the place of human existence and life. Without the earth,there is no human,no nature either. To study human existence,the earth of human living is firstly studied. By the study of many natural phenomena on the earth,we firstly put forward the theory of earth ecosystem,expound its definition,structure,aim,function,content and significance,and illustrate the characteristics of earth ecosystem. So we found the theory of earth ecosystem,and unveil the variable processes and the operation mechanisms of earth ecosystem. We put forward the earth ecosystem and its theoretic system,which are different from the previous ＂ earth system science＂ and ＂ Gaia hypothesis＂. We consider that among each part of the environment,between environment and organism,there are organic,close and coalescent relationships,so that the earth ecosystem is able to have a sustainable development. Even if there is no life,the earth ecosystem also can control and regulate the earth changes,and possesses the stable state. Therefore,the foundation of the earth ecosystem theory is conducive to the studies of the global problems： the change processes and trends of resources,ecologies,environments,disasters,and so on.展开更多
基金The Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.ZR2022MD055Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41606097Central Public interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of CAFS under contract No. 2023TD53。
文摘Carnitine(CAR) is a vital quaternary ammonium compound. However, the characteristics of CAR content and its influencing factors across different marine animal species remain poorly understood. This study examined the CAR content in 258 marine animals, representing 54 species across seven classes, collected from coastal and offshore regions of China and the Northwest Pacific Ocean(NWPO) between May 2020 and June 2022. The CAR content ranged from0.01 mmol/kg to 1.33 mmol/kg, with a mean value of(0.15 ± 0.18) mmol/kg(mean ± standard deviation). The highest CAR content was observed in Crustacea [(0.48 ± 0.38) mmol/kg], which was four times greater than the average CAR content in the other classes [(0.12 ± 0.11) mmol/kg]. Overall, the CAR content exhibited minor variation among marine animals, potentially because the carnitine pool maintains its dynamic balance. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between the CAR content and environmental factors in some species: a negative correlation with seawater temperature and positive correlations with latitude, seawater salinity, and depth. These results suggest that the CAR content in marine animals is influenced by environmental changes. This study provides theoretical insights for understanding the characteristics and influencing factors of CAR content in marine animals.
基金Item Sponsored by Important National Science and Technology Specific Project of China(2012ZX04010-031)
文摘The effects of Cr content and annealing temperature on abrasive wear characteristics of cast ausferrite nodular iron were investigated with Suga type abrasive wear tester. The surface morphology and Vickers hardness of the tested samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, digital microscope and Vickers hardness tester. The results show that the cast ausferrite nodular iron could be obtained by alloying with Cr in the as-cast ductile cast iron and permanent mold casting, and the bainite content in the matrix increased with increasing Cr content. However, the decomposition of bainite took place during annealing at 500 °C to 800 °C; especially, at 800 °C, the bainite transformed into a mixture of fine lamellar pearlite and ferrite matrix structure. The wear loss of specimens was reduced with increasing Cr content in the cast ausferrite nodular iron. The wear loss of the sample cast ausferrite nodular iron with 0.4mass% Cr is the least. The wear loss began to increase while the Cr content is 0.6mass%. The wear loss of annealed ductile irons at different annealing temperatures was higher than that of as-cast samples. During the abrasive wear, the shear stress transformed austenite to martensite, and the hardness of specimens increased and the wear resistance of as-cast ductile cast iron was improved.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(40772160)~~
文摘Through sampling in farmland and analysis in laboratory,the contents and the pollution level of Cr,Cu,As,Pb,Zn in different soils were studied. The comparative result showed that the As in all soil samples are lower than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,the Cr in lower half soil samples are higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,the Cu and Zn in majority soil samples are higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation,and the Pb in all soil samples is higher than the mean value of Shaanxi and whole nation. The single factor pollution index and multi-factor pollution index method were used to evaluate the soil pollution. According to Soil Environmental Quality Standard,the studied soils were at unpolluted degrees,the soils were clear,the quality of soil adapt to the crop growth,and not affect the quality of agricultural product.
文摘Earth is the place of human existence and life. Without the earth,there is no human,no nature either. To study human existence,the earth of human living is firstly studied. By the study of many natural phenomena on the earth,we firstly put forward the theory of earth ecosystem,expound its definition,structure,aim,function,content and significance,and illustrate the characteristics of earth ecosystem. So we found the theory of earth ecosystem,and unveil the variable processes and the operation mechanisms of earth ecosystem. We put forward the earth ecosystem and its theoretic system,which are different from the previous ＂ earth system science＂ and ＂ Gaia hypothesis＂. We consider that among each part of the environment,between environment and organism,there are organic,close and coalescent relationships,so that the earth ecosystem is able to have a sustainable development. Even if there is no life,the earth ecosystem also can control and regulate the earth changes,and possesses the stable state. Therefore,the foundation of the earth ecosystem theory is conducive to the studies of the global problems： the change processes and trends of resources,ecologies,environments,disasters,and so on.
