The passive containment heat removal system(PCS)is one of the key passive safety systems of China’s third-generation advanced pressurized water reactor-Hua-long Pressurized Reactor(HPR1000),used to prevent overpressu...The passive containment heat removal system(PCS)is one of the key passive safety systems of China’s third-generation advanced pressurized water reactor-Hua-long Pressurized Reactor(HPR1000),used to prevent overpressure of large concrete containment under severe accident scenarios.This paper provides an overview of the development of the HPR1000 passive containment heat removal system,including its operating principles and configuration,internal heat exchanger design,feasibility tests,engineering-scale PCS verification tests,comprehensive tests on PCS-containment coupling characteristics,among other key supporting studies.These extensive studies demonstrated that the PCS of HPR1000,which is designed based on flashing-driven open natural circulation and efficient condensation heat transfer theory,can work effectively and ensure the integrity of the containment under various accident scenarios.The system has been applied to Fuqing No.5 and No.6 nuclear power units and Zhangzhou No.1 and No.2 units of China’s first million-kilowatt third-generation nuclear power HPR1000.It is also applied to K-2/K-3 units of Karachi Nuclear Power Plant in Pakistan.展开更多
An Interval Type-2(IT-2)fuzzy controller design approach is proposed in this research to simultaneously achievemultiple control objectives inNonlinearMulti-Agent Systems(NMASs),including formation,containment,and coll...An Interval Type-2(IT-2)fuzzy controller design approach is proposed in this research to simultaneously achievemultiple control objectives inNonlinearMulti-Agent Systems(NMASs),including formation,containment,and collision avoidance.However,inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties present in practical control systems contribute to the challenge of achieving precise control performance.Based on the IT-2 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model(T-SFM),the fuzzy control approach can offer a more effective solution for NMASs facing uncertainties.Unlike existing control methods for NMASs,the Formation and Containment(F-and-C)control problem with collision avoidance capability under uncertainties based on the IT-2 T-SFM is discussed for the first time.Moreover,an IT-2 fuzzy tracking control approach is proposed to solve the formation task for leaders in NMASs without requiring communication.This control scheme makes the design process of the IT-2 fuzzy Formation Controller(FC)more straightforward and effective.According to the communication interaction protocol,the IT-2 Containment Controller(CC)design approach is proposed for followers to ensure convergence into the region defined by the leaders.Leveraging the IT-2 T-SFM representation,the analysis methods developed for linear Multi-Agent Systems(MASs)are successfully extended to perform containment analysis without requiring the additional assumptions imposed in existing research.Notably,the IT-2 fuzzy tracking controller can also be applied in collision avoidance situations to track the desired trajectories calculated by the avoidance algorithm under the Artificial Potential Field(APF).Benefiting from the combination of vortex and source APFs,the leaders can properly adjust the system dynamics to prevent potential collision risk.Integrating the fuzzy theory and APFs avoidance algorithm,an IT-2 fuzzy controller design approach is proposed to achieve the F-and-C purposewhile ensuring collision avoidance capability.Finally,amulti-ship simulation is conducted to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed IT-2 fuzzy controller.展开更多
This paper develops both adaptive distributed dynamic state feedback control law and adaptive distributed measurement output feedback control law for heterogeneous discrete-time swarm systems with multiple leaders.The...This paper develops both adaptive distributed dynamic state feedback control law and adaptive distributed measurement output feedback control law for heterogeneous discrete-time swarm systems with multiple leaders.The convex hull formed by the leaders and the system matrix of leaders is estimated via an adaptive distributed containment observer.Such estimations will feed the followers so that every follower can update the system matrix of the corresponding adaptive distributed containment observer and the system state of their neighbors.The followers cooperate with each other to achieve leader-follower consensus and thus solve the containment control problem over the network.Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and computational feasibility of the proposed control laws.展开更多
The potential hazard resulting from uncontained turbine engine rotor blade failure has always been the long-term concern of each aero engine manufacturer, and to fully contain the failed blades under critical operatin...The potential hazard resulting from uncontained turbine engine rotor blade failure has always been the long-term concern of each aero engine manufacturer, and to fully contain the failed blades under critical operating conditions is also one of the most important considerations to meet the rotor integrity requirements. Usually, there are many factors involving the engine containment capability which need to be reviewed during the engine design phases, such as case thickness, rotor support structure, blade weight and shape, etc. However, the premier method to demonstrate the engine containment capability is the fan blade-off test and margin of safety （MS） analysis. Based on a concrete engine model, this paper aims to explain the key points of aero engine containment requirements in FAR Part 33, and introduces the implementation of MS analysis and fan blade-off test in the engine airworthiness certification. Through the introduction, it would be greatly helpful to the industrial community to evaluate the engine containment capability and prepare the final test demonstration in engine certification procedure.展开更多
Some kinds of break in the reactor coolant system may cause the coolant to exit rapidly from the failure site,which leads to the loss of coolant accident(LOCA).In this paper,a stress analysis of an AP1000 reactor cont...Some kinds of break in the reactor coolant system may cause the coolant to exit rapidly from the failure site,which leads to the loss of coolant accident(LOCA).In this paper,a stress analysis of an AP1000 reactor containment is performed in an LOCA,with the passive containment cooling system(PCCS) being available and not available for cooling the wall's containment.The variations in the mechanical properties of the wall's containment,including elastic modulus,strength,and stress,are analyzed using the ABAQUS code.A general two-phase model is applied for modeling thermal-hydraulic behavior inside the containment.Obtained pressure and temperature from thermal-hydraulic models are considered as boundary conditions of the ABAQUS code to obtain distributions of temperature and stress across steel shell of the containment in the accident.The results indicate that if the PCCS fails,the peak pressure inside the containment exceeds the design value.However,the stress would still be lower than the yield stress value,and no risk would threaten the integrity of the containment.展开更多
An experimental and numerical investigation on the aeroengine blade/case containment analysis is presented. Blade out containment capability analysis is an essential step in the new aeroengine design, but containment ...An experimental and numerical investigation on the aeroengine blade/case containment analysis is presented. Blade out containment capability analysis is an essential step in the new aeroengine design, but containment tests are time-consuming and incur significant costs; thus, developing a short-period and low-cost numerical method is warranted. Using explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis software, the present study numerically investigated the high-speed impact process for simulated blade containment tests which were carried out on high-speed spin testing facility. A number of simulations were conducted using finite element models with different mesh sizes and different values of both the contact penalty factor and the friction coefficient. Detailed comparisons between the experimental and numerical results reveal that the mesh size and the friction coefficient have a considerable impact on the results produced. It is shown that a finer mesh will predict lower containment capability of the case, which is closer to the test data. A larger value of the friction coefficient also predicts lower containment capability. However, the contact penalty factor has little effect on the simulation results if it is large enough to avoid false penetration.展开更多
Disk burst accidents sometimes happen in aeroengines.To avoid tragic consequences,aeroengine casings must have sufficient containment capability.Experiments and simulations need to be conducted to study the impact,dis...Disk burst accidents sometimes happen in aeroengines.To avoid tragic consequences,aeroengine casings must have sufficient containment capability.Experiments and simulations need to be conducted to study the impact,distortion,and perforation caused by disk burst and which may give important clues to potential failure mechanisms.This paper presents some containment tests of high-speed rotating disk fragments,in which the original disks were burst into three equal fragments within a predetermined rotating speed range.The failure modes of the containment casing varied significantly with the thickness of the containment casing.Shearing,tearing,tensile fracture,and large plastic stretching deformation occurred in a thin-walled containment casing,while a thick-walled casing could contain disk fragments and withstand large plastic deformation.Numerical simulations were carried out to study the impact process and failure modes further.Good agreement was found between the results of the simulations and the tests.展开更多
Aramid fabrics have been commonly used in the civil turbofan engine fan blade containment system for its excellent performance. To investigate the behavior and capability of soft wall containment casing, a series of f...Aramid fabrics have been commonly used in the civil turbofan engine fan blade containment system for its excellent performance. To investigate the behavior and capability of soft wall containment casing, a series of fan blade released tests were conducted on the high-speed spin tester.The soft wall casing was fabricated by wrapping multiple layers of Kevlar49 plain woven fabric around a thin steel ring. Casings with different inner metal ring and outer fabric layers number were compared. The method of using the explicit dynamic software LS-DYNA to establish the finite element analysis model for the quantitative analysis of the containment process was developed and conducted. The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results. It is shown that the containment process of the soft wall casing can be divided into three impact stages. The casing with low-stiffness inner metal ring will get severe overall deformation and lose the structural integrity when it suffers the blade impact. Kevlar fabric layers will appear large bulge on outside surface and absorb the most impact dynamic energy of the high speed released fan blade. By summing up the results of the test and simulation, an empirical critical equation was derived to describe the relationship between the released blade dynamic energy and the Kevlar fabric thickness.展开更多
In this study, a new lumped-mass-stick model （LMSM） is developed based on the modal characteristics of a structure such as eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The simplified model, named the ＂frequency adaptive lumped-ma...In this study, a new lumped-mass-stick model （LMSM） is developed based on the modal characteristics of a structure such as eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The simplified model, named the ＂frequency adaptive lumped-massstick model,＂ hasonly a small number of stick elements and nodes to provide the same natural frequencies of the structure and is applied to a nuclear containment building. To investigate the numerical performance of the LMSM, a time history analysis is carried out on both the LMSM and the finite element model （FEM） for a nuclear containment building. A comparison of the results shows that the dynamic responses of the LMSM in terms of displacement and acceleration are almost identical to those of the FEM. In addition, the results in terms of floor response spectra at certain elevations are also in good agreement.展开更多
In complex environments, many distributed multiagent systems are described with the fractional-order dynamics.In this paper, containment control of fractional-order multiagent systems with multiple leader agents are s...In complex environments, many distributed multiagent systems are described with the fractional-order dynamics.In this paper, containment control of fractional-order multiagent systems with multiple leader agents are studied. Firstly,the collaborative control of fractional-order multi-agent systems(FOMAS) with multiple leaders is analyzed in a directed network without delays. Then, by using Laplace transform and frequency domain theorem, containment consensus of networked FOMAS with time delays is investigated in an undirected network, and a critical value of delays is obtained to ensure the containment consensus of FOMAS. Finally, numerical simulations are shown to verify the results.展开更多
In this study, thermal–hydraulic parameters inside the containment of aWWER-1000/v446 nuclear power plant are simulated in a double-ended cold leg accident for short and long times (by using CONTAIN 2.0 and MELCOR 1....In this study, thermal–hydraulic parameters inside the containment of aWWER-1000/v446 nuclear power plant are simulated in a double-ended cold leg accident for short and long times (by using CONTAIN 2.0 and MELCOR 1.8.6 codes), and the effect of the spray system as an engineering safety feature on parameters mitigation is analyzed with the former code. Along with the development of the accident from design basis accident to beyond design basis accident, the Zircaloy–steam reaction becomes the source of in-vessel hydrogen generation. Hydrogen distribution inside the containment is simulated for a long time (using CONTAIN and MELCOR), and the effect of recombiners on its mitigation is analyzed (using MELCOR). Thermal–hydraulic parameters and hydrogen distribution profiles are presented as the outcome of the investigation. By activating the spray system, the peak points of pressure and temperature occur in the short time and remain belowthe maximumdesign values along the accident time. It is also shown that recombiners have a reliable effect on reducing the hydrogen concentration below flame propagation limit in the accident localization area. The parameters predicted by CONTAIN and MELCOR are in good agreement with the final safety analysis report. The noted discrepancies are discussed and explained.展开更多
High-energy rotor uncontained failure can cause catastrophic damage effects to aircraft systems if not addressed in design. In this paper, numerical simulations of three high-energy rotor disk fragments impacting on U...High-energy rotor uncontained failure can cause catastrophic damage effects to aircraft systems if not addressed in design. In this paper, numerical simulations of three high-energy rotor disk fragments impacting on U type protection rings are carried out using LS-DYNA. Protection rings with the same mass and different groove depths are designed to study the influence of the groove depth. Simulation results including kinetic energy and impact force variation of single frag- ment are presented. It shows that the groove depth infects both the axial containment ability of the protection ring and the transfer process of energy. The depth of groove ought to be controlled to an appropriate value to meet both the requirement of axial containment and higher safety factor. Ver- ification test on high-speed spin tester has been conducted and shows that protection ring with appropriate U structure can resist the impact of the disk burst fragments. The ring is inflated from a circular to an oval-triangle shape. The corresponding simulation shows good agreement with the test.展开更多
To investigate the containment characteristics and mechanisms of axial compressor blade and casing in turboshaft engine,experimental and simulation research is conducted on Titanium alloy axial compressor blades and s...To investigate the containment characteristics and mechanisms of axial compressor blade and casing in turboshaft engine,experimental and simulation research is conducted on Titanium alloy axial compressor blades and stainless steel simulator casings in this paper.Experiments for four thicknesses(from 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm)of casings are presented on high-speed spin tester.Perforation,ricochet with and without failure of the casings are obtained in test results.Three obvious bulges or dishing region are observed,petaling failure occurs in the first bulge or the third deformation region.Parabolic and elongated dimples are observed at the fracture surface.Finite Element(FE)models with calibrated Johnson-Cook material behavior law are built and analyzed by using explicit dynamic software for a better understanding on the containment behavior.Good agreement is obtained between the experimental observations and numerical predictions.The evolution of the impact force,energy absorption,temperature increase and the cracks’propagation are analyzed.Three force peaks occur in the impact process.Energy analysis reveals that penetration condition of ricochet with failure leads to most internal energy of the casing.展开更多
To mitigate consequences of core melting,an ex-vessel core catcher is investigated in this study.Instructions should be obeyed to cool down the corium caused by core melting.The corium destroys the reactor containment...To mitigate consequences of core melting,an ex-vessel core catcher is investigated in this study.Instructions should be obeyed to cool down the corium caused by core melting.The corium destroys the reactor containment and causes radioactive materials to be released into the environment if it does not cool down well.It is important to build a core catcher system for the reception,localization,and cool down of the molten corium during a severe accident resulting from core melting.In this study,the role of a core catcher in the VVER-1000/v528 reactor containment during a station black out(SBO)accident is evaluated using the MELCOR1.8.6 code.In addition,parametric analyses of the SBO for(i)SBO accidents with emergency core cooling system(ECCS)operation,and(ii)without ECCS operation are performed.Furthermore,thermal–hydraulic analyses in dry and wet cavities with/without water are conducted.The investigations include the reduction of gases resulting from molten–corium–concrete interactions(H_(2),CO,CO_(2)).Core melting,gas production,and the pressure/temperature in the reactor containment are assessed.Additionally,a full investigation pertaining to gas release(H_(2),CO,CO_(2))and the pressure/temperature of the core catcher is performed.Based on MELCOR simulations,a core cavity and a perimeter water channel are the best options for corium cooling and a lower radionuclide release.This simulation is also theoretically investigated and discussed herein.The simulation results show that the core catcher system in addition to an internal sacrificial material reduces the containment pressure from 689 to 580 kPa and the corresponding temperature from 394 to 380 K.Furthermore,it is observed that the amount of gases produced,particularly hydrogen,decreased from 1698 to 1235 kg.Moreover,the presence of supporting systems,including an ECCS with a core catcher,prolonged the core melting time from 16,430 to 28,630 s(in an SBO accident)and significantly decreased the gases produced.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the robust output containment problem of linear heterogeneous multi-agent systems under fixed directed networks.A distributed dynamic observer based on the leaders’measurable output was desi...In this paper,we consider the robust output containment problem of linear heterogeneous multi-agent systems under fixed directed networks.A distributed dynamic observer based on the leaders’measurable output was designed to estimate a convex combination of the leaders’states.First,for the case of followers with identical state dimensions,distributed dynamic state and output feedback control laws were designed based on the state-coupled item and the internal model compensator to drive the uncertain followers into the leaders’convex hull within the output regulation framework.Subsequently,we extended theoretical results to the case where followers have nonidentical state dimensions.By establishing virtual errors between the dynamic observer and followers,a new distributed dynamic output feedback control law was constructed using only the states of the compensator to solve the robust output containment problem.Finally,two numerical simulations verified the effectiveness of the designed schemes.展开更多
In this paper, we study the containment control problem for nonlinear second-order systems with unknown parameters and multiple stationary/dynamic leaders. The topologies that characterize the interaction among the le...In this paper, we study the containment control problem for nonlinear second-order systems with unknown parameters and multiple stationary/dynamic leaders. The topologies that characterize the interaction among the leaders and the followers are directed graphs. Necessary and sufficient criteria which guarantee the control objectives are established for both stationary leaders(regulation case) and dynamic leaders(dynamic tracking case) based protocols. The final states of all the followers are exclusively determined by the initial values of the leaders and the topology structures. In the regulation case, all the followers converge into the convex hull spanned by the leaders,while in the dynamic tracking case, not only the positions of the followers converge into the convex hull but also the velocities of the followers converge into the velocity convex hull of the leaders.Finally, all the theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.展开更多
This paper is concerned with distributed containment maneuvering of second-order Multi-Input Multi-Output(MIMO)multi-agent systems with non-periodic communication and actuation.The agent is subject to unmatched nonlin...This paper is concerned with distributed containment maneuvering of second-order Multi-Input Multi-Output(MIMO)multi-agent systems with non-periodic communication and actuation.The agent is subject to unmatched nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances.Event-triggered containment maneuvering control methods is developed based on a modular design.Specifically,an estimator module is constructed based on neural networks and the nonperiodic obtained follower information through event-triggered communication.Next,a controller module is designed by using the identified information from the estimator module and a third-order linear tracking differentiator.An event-triggered mechanism is introduced for updating the actuator.Then,a path update law is designed based on the non-periodic leader information through event-triggered communication.The closed-loop system cascaded by the estimation subsystem and control subsystem is proved to be input-to-state stable,and Zeno behavior is excluded in the control process.The proposed method is capable of reducing the consumption of communication and actuation.A simulation example is provided to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered control method for distributed containment maneuvering of second-order MIMO multi-agent systems.展开更多
A European pressurized reactor （EPR） steel containment liner structure is comprised of the cylinder part and the dome part. An introduction of the steel liner structure is presented, followed by studies on the key m...A European pressurized reactor （EPR） steel containment liner structure is comprised of the cylinder part and the dome part. An introduction of the steel liner structure is presented, followed by studies on the key mechanical features of the construction process using a refined finite element method. The steel liner was divided into several modules and then assembled during construction. Firstly, the equipment structure used to hoist the liner module was optimized, the lifting lug was analyzed using a multi-scale finite element model; the wind speed limit during lifting was also studied. Subsequently, the effect of internal forces during assembly between the liner modules, the lateral pressure of fresh concrete, the non-uniform temperature load, and the wind load on the cylinder module was analyzed. According to the time-varying structural performance during continuous concrete pouring and the hardening construction, an ＂overlapping element and birth-death element＂ technique was adopted to analyze the deformation and stress of the long-span steel dome liner. In addition, the stability-bearing capacities of the dome structure during construction were also studied, which took into consideration the effect of the initial geometrical imperfections and the elasto-plasticity of the material. This study presents a reference in terms of the mechanics of the construction scheme and the safety of such a type of structure.展开更多
This paper considers the mean square output containment control problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs)with randomly switching topologies and nonuniform distributed delays.By modeling the switching topolog...This paper considers the mean square output containment control problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs)with randomly switching topologies and nonuniform distributed delays.By modeling the switching topologies as a continuous-time Markov process and taking the distributed delays into consideration,a novel distributed containment observer is proposed to estimate the convex hull spanned by the leaders'states.A novel distributed output feedback containment controller is then designed without using the prior knowledge of distributed delays.By constructing a novel switching Lyapunov functional,the output containment control problem is then solved in the sense of mean square under an easily-verifiable sufficient condition.Finally,two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.展开更多
Containment control of first-order multi-agent systems with uncertain topologies and communication timedelays is studied. Suppose system topologies are dynamically changed, a containment control algorithm with time-va...Containment control of first-order multi-agent systems with uncertain topologies and communication timedelays is studied. Suppose system topologies are dynamically changed, a containment control algorithm with time-varying delays is presented. The stability of the control algorithm is studied under the assumption that communication topologies are jointly-connected, and constraint condition of distributed containment control for delayed multi-agent systems is derived with the aid of Lyapunov–Krasovskii function. Simulation results are provided to prove the correctness and effectiveness of the conclusion.展开更多
基金supported by China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.,Ltd.and Harbin Engineering University,and granted financial resources by China’s National Energy Administration and China National Nuclear Corporation.
文摘The passive containment heat removal system(PCS)is one of the key passive safety systems of China’s third-generation advanced pressurized water reactor-Hua-long Pressurized Reactor(HPR1000),used to prevent overpressure of large concrete containment under severe accident scenarios.This paper provides an overview of the development of the HPR1000 passive containment heat removal system,including its operating principles and configuration,internal heat exchanger design,feasibility tests,engineering-scale PCS verification tests,comprehensive tests on PCS-containment coupling characteristics,among other key supporting studies.These extensive studies demonstrated that the PCS of HPR1000,which is designed based on flashing-driven open natural circulation and efficient condensation heat transfer theory,can work effectively and ensure the integrity of the containment under various accident scenarios.The system has been applied to Fuqing No.5 and No.6 nuclear power units and Zhangzhou No.1 and No.2 units of China’s first million-kilowatt third-generation nuclear power HPR1000.It is also applied to K-2/K-3 units of Karachi Nuclear Power Plant in Pakistan.
基金founded by the National Science and Technology Council of the Republic of China under contract NSTC113-2221-E-019-032.
文摘An Interval Type-2(IT-2)fuzzy controller design approach is proposed in this research to simultaneously achievemultiple control objectives inNonlinearMulti-Agent Systems(NMASs),including formation,containment,and collision avoidance.However,inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties present in practical control systems contribute to the challenge of achieving precise control performance.Based on the IT-2 Takagi-Sugeno Fuzzy Model(T-SFM),the fuzzy control approach can offer a more effective solution for NMASs facing uncertainties.Unlike existing control methods for NMASs,the Formation and Containment(F-and-C)control problem with collision avoidance capability under uncertainties based on the IT-2 T-SFM is discussed for the first time.Moreover,an IT-2 fuzzy tracking control approach is proposed to solve the formation task for leaders in NMASs without requiring communication.This control scheme makes the design process of the IT-2 fuzzy Formation Controller(FC)more straightforward and effective.According to the communication interaction protocol,the IT-2 Containment Controller(CC)design approach is proposed for followers to ensure convergence into the region defined by the leaders.Leveraging the IT-2 T-SFM representation,the analysis methods developed for linear Multi-Agent Systems(MASs)are successfully extended to perform containment analysis without requiring the additional assumptions imposed in existing research.Notably,the IT-2 fuzzy tracking controller can also be applied in collision avoidance situations to track the desired trajectories calculated by the avoidance algorithm under the Artificial Potential Field(APF).Benefiting from the combination of vortex and source APFs,the leaders can properly adjust the system dynamics to prevent potential collision risk.Integrating the fuzzy theory and APFs avoidance algorithm,an IT-2 fuzzy controller design approach is proposed to achieve the F-and-C purposewhile ensuring collision avoidance capability.Finally,amulti-ship simulation is conducted to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed IT-2 fuzzy controller.
基金co-supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFB1600500)。
文摘This paper develops both adaptive distributed dynamic state feedback control law and adaptive distributed measurement output feedback control law for heterogeneous discrete-time swarm systems with multiple leaders.The convex hull formed by the leaders and the system matrix of leaders is estimated via an adaptive distributed containment observer.Such estimations will feed the followers so that every follower can update the system matrix of the corresponding adaptive distributed containment observer and the system state of their neighbors.The followers cooperate with each other to achieve leader-follower consensus and thus solve the containment control problem over the network.Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness and computational feasibility of the proposed control laws.
文摘The potential hazard resulting from uncontained turbine engine rotor blade failure has always been the long-term concern of each aero engine manufacturer, and to fully contain the failed blades under critical operating conditions is also one of the most important considerations to meet the rotor integrity requirements. Usually, there are many factors involving the engine containment capability which need to be reviewed during the engine design phases, such as case thickness, rotor support structure, blade weight and shape, etc. However, the premier method to demonstrate the engine containment capability is the fan blade-off test and margin of safety （MS） analysis. Based on a concrete engine model, this paper aims to explain the key points of aero engine containment requirements in FAR Part 33, and introduces the implementation of MS analysis and fan blade-off test in the engine airworthiness certification. Through the introduction, it would be greatly helpful to the industrial community to evaluate the engine containment capability and prepare the final test demonstration in engine certification procedure.
文摘Some kinds of break in the reactor coolant system may cause the coolant to exit rapidly from the failure site,which leads to the loss of coolant accident(LOCA).In this paper,a stress analysis of an AP1000 reactor containment is performed in an LOCA,with the passive containment cooling system(PCCS) being available and not available for cooling the wall's containment.The variations in the mechanical properties of the wall's containment,including elastic modulus,strength,and stress,are analyzed using the ABAQUS code.A general two-phase model is applied for modeling thermal-hydraulic behavior inside the containment.Obtained pressure and temperature from thermal-hydraulic models are considered as boundary conditions of the ABAQUS code to obtain distributions of temperature and stress across steel shell of the containment in the accident.The results indicate that if the PCCS fails,the peak pressure inside the containment exceeds the design value.However,the stress would still be lower than the yield stress value,and no risk would threaten the integrity of the containment.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Y1090245)the Chinese Aviation Propulsion Technology Development Program (No. APTD-11)
文摘An experimental and numerical investigation on the aeroengine blade/case containment analysis is presented. Blade out containment capability analysis is an essential step in the new aeroengine design, but containment tests are time-consuming and incur significant costs; thus, developing a short-period and low-cost numerical method is warranted. Using explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis software, the present study numerically investigated the high-speed impact process for simulated blade containment tests which were carried out on high-speed spin testing facility. A number of simulations were conducted using finite element models with different mesh sizes and different values of both the contact penalty factor and the friction coefficient. Detailed comparisons between the experimental and numerical results reveal that the mesh size and the friction coefficient have a considerable impact on the results produced. It is shown that a finer mesh will predict lower containment capability of the case, which is closer to the test data. A larger value of the friction coefficient also predicts lower containment capability. However, the contact penalty factor has little effect on the simulation results if it is large enough to avoid false penetration.
基金Project supported by the Chinese Aviation Propulsion Technology Development Program (No. APTD-11)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. Y1090245)
文摘Disk burst accidents sometimes happen in aeroengines.To avoid tragic consequences,aeroengine casings must have sufficient containment capability.Experiments and simulations need to be conducted to study the impact,distortion,and perforation caused by disk burst and which may give important clues to potential failure mechanisms.This paper presents some containment tests of high-speed rotating disk fragments,in which the original disks were burst into three equal fragments within a predetermined rotating speed range.The failure modes of the containment casing varied significantly with the thickness of the containment casing.Shearing,tearing,tensile fracture,and large plastic stretching deformation occurred in a thin-walled containment casing,while a thick-walled casing could contain disk fragments and withstand large plastic deformation.Numerical simulations were carried out to study the impact process and failure modes further.Good agreement was found between the results of the simulations and the tests.
基金supported by the Chinese Aviation Propulsion Technology Development Program (No. APTD-1103-07)
文摘Aramid fabrics have been commonly used in the civil turbofan engine fan blade containment system for its excellent performance. To investigate the behavior and capability of soft wall containment casing, a series of fan blade released tests were conducted on the high-speed spin tester.The soft wall casing was fabricated by wrapping multiple layers of Kevlar49 plain woven fabric around a thin steel ring. Casings with different inner metal ring and outer fabric layers number were compared. The method of using the explicit dynamic software LS-DYNA to establish the finite element analysis model for the quantitative analysis of the containment process was developed and conducted. The simulation results are in good agreement with the test results. It is shown that the containment process of the soft wall casing can be divided into three impact stages. The casing with low-stiffness inner metal ring will get severe overall deformation and lose the structural integrity when it suffers the blade impact. Kevlar fabric layers will appear large bulge on outside surface and absorb the most impact dynamic energy of the high speed released fan blade. By summing up the results of the test and simulation, an empirical critical equation was derived to describe the relationship between the released blade dynamic energy and the Kevlar fabric thickness.
基金Energy Efficiency & Resources of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP), Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea under Grant No. 2010T100101066
文摘In this study, a new lumped-mass-stick model （LMSM） is developed based on the modal characteristics of a structure such as eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The simplified model, named the ＂frequency adaptive lumped-massstick model,＂ hasonly a small number of stick elements and nodes to provide the same natural frequencies of the structure and is applied to a nuclear containment building. To investigate the numerical performance of the LMSM, a time history analysis is carried out on both the LMSM and the finite element model （FEM） for a nuclear containment building. A comparison of the results shows that the dynamic responses of the LMSM in terms of displacement and acceleration are almost identical to those of the FEM. In addition, the results in terms of floor response spectra at certain elevations are also in good agreement.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61273200,61273152,61202111,61304052,51407088)the Science Foundation of Education Office of Shandong Province of China(ZR2011FM07,BS2015DX018)
文摘In complex environments, many distributed multiagent systems are described with the fractional-order dynamics.In this paper, containment control of fractional-order multiagent systems with multiple leader agents are studied. Firstly,the collaborative control of fractional-order multi-agent systems(FOMAS) with multiple leaders is analyzed in a directed network without delays. Then, by using Laplace transform and frequency domain theorem, containment consensus of networked FOMAS with time delays is investigated in an undirected network, and a critical value of delays is obtained to ensure the containment consensus of FOMAS. Finally, numerical simulations are shown to verify the results.
基金Part of this research has been developed under the auspices of EU H2020 Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions COFUND Grant SIRCIW,Agreement No.663830.
文摘In this study, thermal–hydraulic parameters inside the containment of aWWER-1000/v446 nuclear power plant are simulated in a double-ended cold leg accident for short and long times (by using CONTAIN 2.0 and MELCOR 1.8.6 codes), and the effect of the spray system as an engineering safety feature on parameters mitigation is analyzed with the former code. Along with the development of the accident from design basis accident to beyond design basis accident, the Zircaloy–steam reaction becomes the source of in-vessel hydrogen generation. Hydrogen distribution inside the containment is simulated for a long time (using CONTAIN and MELCOR), and the effect of recombiners on its mitigation is analyzed (using MELCOR). Thermal–hydraulic parameters and hydrogen distribution profiles are presented as the outcome of the investigation. By activating the spray system, the peak points of pressure and temperature occur in the short time and remain belowthe maximumdesign values along the accident time. It is also shown that recombiners have a reliable effect on reducing the hydrogen concentration below flame propagation limit in the accident localization area. The parameters predicted by CONTAIN and MELCOR are in good agreement with the final safety analysis report. The noted discrepancies are discussed and explained.
文摘High-energy rotor uncontained failure can cause catastrophic damage effects to aircraft systems if not addressed in design. In this paper, numerical simulations of three high-energy rotor disk fragments impacting on U type protection rings are carried out using LS-DYNA. Protection rings with the same mass and different groove depths are designed to study the influence of the groove depth. Simulation results including kinetic energy and impact force variation of single frag- ment are presented. It shows that the groove depth infects both the axial containment ability of the protection ring and the transfer process of energy. The depth of groove ought to be controlled to an appropriate value to meet both the requirement of axial containment and higher safety factor. Ver- ification test on high-speed spin tester has been conducted and shows that protection ring with appropriate U structure can resist the impact of the disk burst fragments. The ring is inflated from a circular to an oval-triangle shape. The corresponding simulation shows good agreement with the test.
文摘To investigate the containment characteristics and mechanisms of axial compressor blade and casing in turboshaft engine,experimental and simulation research is conducted on Titanium alloy axial compressor blades and stainless steel simulator casings in this paper.Experiments for four thicknesses(from 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm)of casings are presented on high-speed spin tester.Perforation,ricochet with and without failure of the casings are obtained in test results.Three obvious bulges or dishing region are observed,petaling failure occurs in the first bulge or the third deformation region.Parabolic and elongated dimples are observed at the fracture surface.Finite Element(FE)models with calibrated Johnson-Cook material behavior law are built and analyzed by using explicit dynamic software for a better understanding on the containment behavior.Good agreement is obtained between the experimental observations and numerical predictions.The evolution of the impact force,energy absorption,temperature increase and the cracks’propagation are analyzed.Three force peaks occur in the impact process.Energy analysis reveals that penetration condition of ricochet with failure leads to most internal energy of the casing.
文摘To mitigate consequences of core melting,an ex-vessel core catcher is investigated in this study.Instructions should be obeyed to cool down the corium caused by core melting.The corium destroys the reactor containment and causes radioactive materials to be released into the environment if it does not cool down well.It is important to build a core catcher system for the reception,localization,and cool down of the molten corium during a severe accident resulting from core melting.In this study,the role of a core catcher in the VVER-1000/v528 reactor containment during a station black out(SBO)accident is evaluated using the MELCOR1.8.6 code.In addition,parametric analyses of the SBO for(i)SBO accidents with emergency core cooling system(ECCS)operation,and(ii)without ECCS operation are performed.Furthermore,thermal–hydraulic analyses in dry and wet cavities with/without water are conducted.The investigations include the reduction of gases resulting from molten–corium–concrete interactions(H_(2),CO,CO_(2)).Core melting,gas production,and the pressure/temperature in the reactor containment are assessed.Additionally,a full investigation pertaining to gas release(H_(2),CO,CO_(2))and the pressure/temperature of the core catcher is performed.Based on MELCOR simulations,a core cavity and a perimeter water channel are the best options for corium cooling and a lower radionuclide release.This simulation is also theoretically investigated and discussed herein.The simulation results show that the core catcher system in addition to an internal sacrificial material reduces the containment pressure from 689 to 580 kPa and the corresponding temperature from 394 to 380 K.Furthermore,it is observed that the amount of gases produced,particularly hydrogen,decreased from 1698 to 1235 kg.Moreover,the presence of supporting systems,including an ECCS with a core catcher,prolonged the core melting time from 16,430 to 28,630 s(in an SBO accident)and significantly decreased the gases produced.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China (51977040)
文摘In this paper,we consider the robust output containment problem of linear heterogeneous multi-agent systems under fixed directed networks.A distributed dynamic observer based on the leaders’measurable output was designed to estimate a convex combination of the leaders’states.First,for the case of followers with identical state dimensions,distributed dynamic state and output feedback control laws were designed based on the state-coupled item and the internal model compensator to drive the uncertain followers into the leaders’convex hull within the output regulation framework.Subsequently,we extended theoretical results to the case where followers have nonidentical state dimensions.By establishing virtual errors between the dynamic observer and followers,a new distributed dynamic output feedback control law was constructed using only the states of the compensator to solve the robust output containment problem.Finally,two numerical simulations verified the effectiveness of the designed schemes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61203354)
文摘In this paper, we study the containment control problem for nonlinear second-order systems with unknown parameters and multiple stationary/dynamic leaders. The topologies that characterize the interaction among the leaders and the followers are directed graphs. Necessary and sufficient criteria which guarantee the control objectives are established for both stationary leaders(regulation case) and dynamic leaders(dynamic tracking case) based protocols. The final states of all the followers are exclusively determined by the initial values of the leaders and the topology structures. In the regulation case, all the followers converge into the convex hull spanned by the leaders,while in the dynamic tracking case, not only the positions of the followers converge into the convex hull but also the velocities of the followers converge into the velocity convex hull of the leaders.Finally, all the theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61673081,51979020,51909021,51939001)in part by Science and Technology Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Dalian(No.2018RJ08)+5 种基金in part by the Stable Supporting Fund of Science and Technology on Underwater Vehicle Technology(No.JCKYS2019604SXJQR-01)in part by the Supporting Program for High-level Talent in Transportation Department(No.2018-030)in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0301500)in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.3132019319,3132020101,3132020102)in part by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M650086)the Training Program for Doctoral Innovative Talents of DLMU(No.CXXM2019BS001)。
文摘This paper is concerned with distributed containment maneuvering of second-order Multi-Input Multi-Output(MIMO)multi-agent systems with non-periodic communication and actuation.The agent is subject to unmatched nonlinear dynamics and external disturbances.Event-triggered containment maneuvering control methods is developed based on a modular design.Specifically,an estimator module is constructed based on neural networks and the nonperiodic obtained follower information through event-triggered communication.Next,a controller module is designed by using the identified information from the estimator module and a third-order linear tracking differentiator.An event-triggered mechanism is introduced for updating the actuator.Then,a path update law is designed based on the non-periodic leader information through event-triggered communication.The closed-loop system cascaded by the estimation subsystem and control subsystem is proved to be input-to-state stable,and Zeno behavior is excluded in the control process.The proposed method is capable of reducing the consumption of communication and actuation.A simulation example is provided to substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed event-triggered control method for distributed containment maneuvering of second-order MIMO multi-agent systems.
基金Project supported by the China State Construction Engineering Corporation Funded Project （No. CSCEC-2008-Z-17）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51308155）, the Funda- mental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China （No. HIT.NSRIF.2014100）, and the China Postdoctoral Science Founda- tion Funded Proiect （Nos. 2013M541389 and 2015T80355）
文摘A European pressurized reactor （EPR） steel containment liner structure is comprised of the cylinder part and the dome part. An introduction of the steel liner structure is presented, followed by studies on the key mechanical features of the construction process using a refined finite element method. The steel liner was divided into several modules and then assembled during construction. Firstly, the equipment structure used to hoist the liner module was optimized, the lifting lug was analyzed using a multi-scale finite element model; the wind speed limit during lifting was also studied. Subsequently, the effect of internal forces during assembly between the liner modules, the lateral pressure of fresh concrete, the non-uniform temperature load, and the wind load on the cylinder module was analyzed. According to the time-varying structural performance during continuous concrete pouring and the hardening construction, an ＂overlapping element and birth-death element＂ technique was adopted to analyze the deformation and stress of the long-span steel dome liner. In addition, the stability-bearing capacities of the dome structure during construction were also studied, which took into consideration the effect of the initial geometrical imperfections and the elasto-plasticity of the material. This study presents a reference in terms of the mechanics of the construction scheme and the safety of such a type of structure.
文摘This paper considers the mean square output containment control problem for heterogeneous multi-agent systems(MASs)with randomly switching topologies and nonuniform distributed delays.By modeling the switching topologies as a continuous-time Markov process and taking the distributed delays into consideration,a novel distributed containment observer is proposed to estimate the convex hull spanned by the leaders'states.A novel distributed output feedback containment controller is then designed without using the prior knowledge of distributed delays.By constructing a novel switching Lyapunov functional,the output containment control problem is then solved in the sense of mean square under an easily-verifiable sufficient condition.Finally,two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.61273152,61304052,51407088the Science Foundation of Education Office of Shandong Province of China under Grant Nos.ZR2011FM07,BS2015DX018
文摘Containment control of first-order multi-agent systems with uncertain topologies and communication timedelays is studied. Suppose system topologies are dynamically changed, a containment control algorithm with time-varying delays is presented. The stability of the control algorithm is studied under the assumption that communication topologies are jointly-connected, and constraint condition of distributed containment control for delayed multi-agent systems is derived with the aid of Lyapunov–Krasovskii function. Simulation results are provided to prove the correctness and effectiveness of the conclusion.
