Fleet Management System (FMS) is a highly applicable system which gets more and more attention among industrial field. Recent years, fuel consumption has become one of the most concerned topics, hence, establishment o...Fleet Management System (FMS) is a highly applicable system which gets more and more attention among industrial field. Recent years, fuel consumption has become one of the most concerned topics, hence, establishment of a fuel consumption monitoring system is required. In this study, based-on the FMS, a system which was capable of precisely monitoring and calculating the fuel consumption was designed. This FMS was composed of the front end Vehicle Tracking System (VTS) and the back end Management Server (MS). VTS was established and installed into the vehicles, based on several well-known technologies, such as Mobile Telecommunications Technology of GPRS or 3G, Global Positioning System (GPS), and On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II). In addition, VTS was also connected with the Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (VECU) through the OBD-II interface. By using GPRS/3G technology and the TCP/IP communication protocol, real-time vehicle operation data obtained from the OBD-II and positioning information from the GPS could be sent backward to the MS. The MS was designed through JBoss Developer Studio, and included the Data Collector (DC) and Web server. The DC gathers data sent back from VTS and the Web server calculates and decides the vehicle's present situation according to the data. The result can also be presented on websites by the Web server. In this study, the fuel consumption status of vehicles could be performed. Furthermore, the Web service also provided the users instant online manipulation.展开更多
As the new generation of low Earth orbit(LEO)satellite communication systems begins to provide high-speed broadband access services to areas without terrestrial cellular coverage,scholars both domestically and interna...As the new generation of low Earth orbit(LEO)satellite communication systems begins to provide high-speed broadband access services to areas without terrestrial cellular coverage,scholars both domestically and internationally are reassessing the relationship between satellite and ground communications in regions prone to warfare and sparsely populated areas.Especially after the launch of Starlink’s“Direct to Cell”service,many believe that new-generation LEO satellite communication systems may not just be a supplement to terrestrial networks in the future.Presently,the discourse surrounding satellite-terrestrial network technology predominantly centers on economic costs and user acceptance,with a noticeable gap in research that addresses green communication and sustainable development.This paper,therefore,aims to fill this void by modeling the energy consumption of LEO satellite communication systems,exemplified by Starlink,and juxtaposing it with that of terrestrial networks.Our findings indicate that the energy consumption of satellite communication systems,such as Starlink,is a staggering 32.9 times higher than that of ground base station clusters in remote regions and an astonishing 715 times greater in densely populated urban areas.Although satellite communication systems hold the promise of global coverage,their standalone construction without integration with terrestrial networks could lead to significant energy waste.展开更多
Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs)with the capability of nearly passive beamforming,have recently sparked considerable interests.This paper presents an energy-efficient discrete phase encoding method for RIS-as...Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs)with the capability of nearly passive beamforming,have recently sparked considerable interests.This paper presents an energy-efficient discrete phase encoding method for RIS-assisted communication systems.Firstly,the beamforming gain,power consumption and energy efficiency models for the RIS-assisted system are illustrated.On this basis,the discrete phase encoding problem is formulated for the purpose of improving the energy efficiency,under the power constraint and the quality-of-service(QoS)requirement.According to the interrelation between the phase encoding and power consumption,a three-step encoding method is proposed with the capability of customizing the beamforming gain,power consumption,and energy efficiency.Simulation results indicate that the proposed method is capable of achieving a more favorable performance in terms of satisfying the QoS demand,reducing the power consumption,and improving the energy efficiency.Furthermore,two field trials at 35 GHz evidence the superiority performance and feasibility characteristics of the proposed method in real environment.This work may provide a reference for future applications of RIS-assisted system with an energy-efficient manner.展开更多
This paper deals with the singular chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system with indirect signal consumption n_(t)+u·▽v=△n-Х▽·(n/v▽u);v_(t)+u·▽v=△v-uw;w_(t)+u·▽w=△w-w+n;u_(t)+(u·▽)u=△u-▽P+...This paper deals with the singular chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system with indirect signal consumption n_(t)+u·▽v=△n-Х▽·(n/v▽u);v_(t)+u·▽v=△v-uw;w_(t)+u·▽w=△w-w+n;u_(t)+(u·▽)u=△u-▽P+n▽Ф;▽·u=0,x∈Ω,t>0 in a bounded and smooth domainΩ⊂ℝ2 with no-flux/no-flux/no-flux/no-slip boundary conditions,whereΦ∈W2,∞(Ω).A recent literature[Dai F,Liu B.J Differential Equations,2023,369:115–155]has proved that for all reasonably regular initial data,the associated initial-boundary value problem possesses a global classical solution,but qualitative information on the behavior of solution has never been touched so far.In stark contrast to the positive effect of indirect signal consumption mechanism on the global solvability of system,the analysis of asymptotic behavior of solution to the system with indirect signal consumption is essentially complicated than that with direct signal consumption because the favorable coupled structure between cells and signal is broken down by the indirect signal consumption mechanism.The present study shows that the global classical solution exponentially stabilizes toward the corresponding spatially homogeneous equilibria under a smallness condition on the initial cell mass.In comparison to the previously known result concerning the uniform convergence of solution to the system with direct signal consumption,our result inter alia provides a more in-depth understanding on the asymptotic behavior of solution.展开更多
Thermosyphon loops are widely used in cooling systems.However,such distributed thermal management systems lack the ability to actively control the coolant flow in each parallel branch.An effective method for addressin...Thermosyphon loops are widely used in cooling systems.However,such distributed thermal management systems lack the ability to actively control the coolant flow in each parallel branch.An effective method for addressing this is to control the coolant flow in each branch using a solenoid valve.However,the existing valves do not satisfy the requirements for fast switching,low power,low pressure loss,and miniaturization.Therefore,in this study,a low-power-consumption miniature solenoid valve(LMSV)is proposed for use in thermal management systems.The key novelty is that the valve is designed with a suitably sized permanent magnet(PM)to allow the spool to continue working without consuming electrical energy.To achieve low flow resistance,a straight-through design is employed in the valve with the electromagnetic actuator located inside the valve shell.Multiphysical coupling analysis is performed to investigate its performance.The influence of the PM dimensions and current on the magnetic field distribution and electromagnetic force is studied.The effects of these key parameters on the flow field and pressure loss are also analyzed.Because the LMSV is sensitive to temperature,the switching time and energy consumption at different working temperatures are investigated.Experimental test platforms are constructed.A valve switching time of as short as 3 ms,pressure loss of 200 Pa at 0.92 L/min,and energy consumption of approximately 1.55 J during the opening and closing processes are achieved.The novel solenoid valve proposed in this study offers fast switching,low power consumption,low pressure loss,and miniaturization to meet the requirements of thermal management systems.展开更多
The intermittency and volatility of wind and photovoltaic power generation exacerbate issues such as wind and solar curtailment,hindering the efficient utilization of renewable energy and the low-carbon development of...The intermittency and volatility of wind and photovoltaic power generation exacerbate issues such as wind and solar curtailment,hindering the efficient utilization of renewable energy and the low-carbon development of energy systems.To enhance the consumption capacity of green power,the green power system consumption optimization scheduling model(GPS-COSM)is proposed,which comprehensively integrates green power system,electric boiler,combined heat and power unit,thermal energy storage,and electrical energy storage.The optimization objectives are to minimize operating cost,minimize carbon emission,and maximize the consumption of wind and solar curtailment.The multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to solve the model,and a fuzzy membership function is introduced to evaluate the satisfaction level of the Pareto optimal solution set,thereby selecting the optimal compromise solution to achieve a dynamic balance among economic efficiency,environmental friendliness,and energy utilization efficiency.Three typical operating modes are designed for comparative analysis.The results demonstrate that the mode involving the coordinated operation of electric boiler,thermal energy storage,and electrical energy storage performs the best in terms of economic efficiency,environmental friendliness,and renewable energy utilization efficiency,achieving the wind and solar curtailment consumption rate of 99.58%.The application of electric boiler significantly enhances the direct accommodation capacity of the green power system.Thermal energy storage optimizes intertemporal regulation,while electrical energy storage strengthens the system’s dynamic regulation capability.The coordinated optimization of multiple devices significantly reduces reliance on fossil fuels.展开更多
China’s booming performing arts sector is reshaping cultural experiences and creating vibrant new spaces for leisure,tourism and creativity The year 2025 marked a period of vigorous expansion for China’s performing ...China’s booming performing arts sector is reshaping cultural experiences and creating vibrant new spaces for leisure,tourism and creativity The year 2025 marked a period of vigorous expansion for China’s performing arts sector,as the industry evolved from a traditional entertainment field into a comprehensive engine of cultural consumption.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesi...Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate target gene expression and impact disease-associated pathways.Chronic alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation,brain damage,and impaired cognition.Evidence indicates that females are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage than males.While mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been studied in various neuroinflammatory conditions,their potential to counteract alcohol-induced brain damage remains unclear.In this study,we investigated whether repeated intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could ameliorate neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in female mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles diminished the increased binding of a micro-positron emission tomography tracer(^(18)F-FDG)when analyzing whole-brain 3D images and brain coronal sections of ethanol-treated mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration protected against ethanol-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation,cognitive dysfunction,and the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine.MiRNA sequencing data from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles revealed the elevated expression of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-483-5p and miR-140-3p in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice following mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration.In addition,mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory-related miRNA target genes(e.g.,Socs3,Tnf,Mtor,and Atf6)in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice.These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could function as a neuroprotective therapy to ameliorate the neuroinflammation,cognitive dysfunction,and conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine associated with chronic alcohol consumption.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This o...AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.展开更多
Objective To examine national trends in antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)among six WHO-priority bacterial pathogens in China from 2016 to 2022.Methods This ecological study analyzed national and...Objective To examine national trends in antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)among six WHO-priority bacterial pathogens in China from 2016 to 2022.Methods This ecological study analyzed national and provincial data from the China Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS)and the National Hospital Information Network.Beta regression models assessed temporal trends,and hierarchical models evaluated associations between antibiotic use and resistance.Results From 2016 to 2022,carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium and E.faecalis significantly declined(β<0,P<0.010),while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae increased(β=0.081,P<0.001).Nationwide antibiotic consumption rose across 10 major classes.Positive associations were found between carbapenem use and resistance in A.baumannii(z=2.719,P=0.007)and P.aeruginosa(z=3.241,P=0.001),and between vancomycin use and resistance in E.faecium(z=4.510,P=0.001)and E.faecalis(z=3.210,P=0.001).Conclusion Carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae increased significantly in China,while other resistant pathogens declined.Resistance patterns were linked to the use of multiple antibiotic classes,underscoring the need for strengthened antibiotic stewardship and surveillance.展开更多
A new ground source heat pump system combined with radiant heating/cooling is proposed, and the principles and the advantages of the system are analyzed. A demonstration of the system is applied to a rebuilt building...A new ground source heat pump system combined with radiant heating/cooling is proposed, and the principles and the advantages of the system are analyzed. A demonstration of the system is applied to a rebuilt building： Xijindu exhibition hall, which is located in Zhenjiang city in China. Numerical studies on the thermal comfort and energy consumption of the system are carded out by using TRNSYS software. The results indicate that the system with the radiant floor method or the radiant ceiling method shows good thermal comfort without mechanical ventilation in winter. However, the system with either of the methods should add mechanical ventilation to ensure good comfort in summer. At the same level of thermal comfort, it can also be found that the annual energy consumption of the radiant ceiling system is less than that of the radiant floor system.展开更多
For the carbon-neutral,a multi-carrier renewable energy system(MRES),driven by the wind,solar and geothermal,was considered as an effective solution to mitigate CO2emissions and reduce energy usage in the building sec...For the carbon-neutral,a multi-carrier renewable energy system(MRES),driven by the wind,solar and geothermal,was considered as an effective solution to mitigate CO2emissions and reduce energy usage in the building sector.A proper sizing method was essential for achieving the desired 100%renewable energy system of resources.This paper presented a bi-objective optimization formulation for sizing the MRES using a constrained genetic algorithm(GA)coupled with the loss of power supply probability(LPSP)method to achieve the minimal cost of the system and the reliability of the system to the load real time requirement.An optimization App has been developed in MATLAB environment to offer a user-friendly interface and output the optimized design parameters when given the load demand.A case study of a swimming pool building was used to demonstrate the process of the proposed design method.Compared to the conventional distributed energy system,the MRES is feasible with a lower annual total cost(ATC).Additionally,the ATC decreases as the power supply reliability of the renewable system decreases.There is a decrease of 24%of the annual total cost when the power supply probability is equal to 8%compared to the baseline case with 0%power supply probability.展开更多
Decreasing the acetic acid consumption in purified terephthalic acid （PTA） solvent system has become a hot issue with common concern. In accordance with the technical features, the electrical conductivity is in dire...Decreasing the acetic acid consumption in purified terephthalic acid （PTA） solvent system has become a hot issue with common concern. In accordance with the technical features, the electrical conductivity is in direct proportion to the acetic acid content. General regression neural network （GRNN） is used to establish the model of electrical conductivity on the basis of mechanism analysis, and then particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm with the improvement of inertia weight and population diversity is proposed to regulate the operating conditions. Thus, the method of decreasing the acid loss is derived and applied to PTA solvent system in a chemical plant. Cases studies show that the precision of modeling and optimization are higher. The results also provide the optimal operating conditions, which decrease the cost and improve the profit.展开更多
A pulse current technique was conducted in a boron-doped diamond （BDD） anode system for electrochemical waste- water treatment. Due to the strong generation and weak absorption of hydroxyl radicals on the diamond su...A pulse current technique was conducted in a boron-doped diamond （BDD） anode system for electrochemical waste- water treatment. Due to the strong generation and weak absorption of hydroxyl radicals on the diamond surface, the BDD elec- trode possesses a powerful capability of electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds, especially in the pulse current mode. The influences of pulse current parameters such as current density, pulse duty cycle, and frequency were investigated in terms of chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal, average current efficiency, and specific energy consumption. The results demon- strated that the relatively high COD removal and low specific energy consumption were obtained simultaneously only if the current density or pulse duty cycle was adjusted to a reasonable value. Increasing the frequency slightly enhanced the COD re- moval and average current efficiency. A pulse-BDD anode system showed a stronger energy saving ability than a constant-BDD anode system when the electrochemical oxidation of phenol of the two systems was compared. The results prove that the pulse current technique is more cost-effective and more suitable for a BDD anode system for real wastewater treatment. A kinetic analysis was presented to explain the above results.展开更多
To implement the computation of AHP （Analytic Hierarchy Process） automatically, make the implementation independence on the platform, and to convenient the service composition and service computation, this study imp...To implement the computation of AHP （Analytic Hierarchy Process） automatically, make the implementation independence on the platform, and to convenient the service composition and service computation, this study implemented AHP model as a Web service and stored the evaluation information as XML form. This paper introduces the overall demands of AHP evaluation system firstly, and then presents some key technologies to implement AHP evaluation system, including mainly AHP evaluation index architecture based on XML, the class of AHP model, the Web service encapsulation of AHP, the publication and invocation of AHP and the client application. At last, the system is used to analyze the impact factors of online consumption behavior.展开更多
The pre-warning of abnormal energy consumption is important for energy conservation of industrial engineering. However, related studies on the lead smelting industries which usually have a huge energy consumption are ...The pre-warning of abnormal energy consumption is important for energy conservation of industrial engineering. However, related studies on the lead smelting industries which usually have a huge energy consumption are rarely reported. Therefore, a pre-warning system was established in this study based on the intelligent prediction of energy consumption and the identification of abnormal energy consumption. A least square support vector regression (LSSVR) model optimized by the adaptive genetic algorithm was developed to predict the energy consumption in the process of lead smelting. A recurrence plots (RP) analysis and a confidence intervals (CI) analysis were conducted to quantitatively confirm the stationary degree of energy consumption and the normal range of energy consumption, respectively, to realize the identification of abnormal energy consumption. It is found the prediction accuracy of LSSVR model can exceed 90% based on the comparison between the actual and predicted data. The energy consumption is considered to be non-stationary if the correlation coefficient between the time series of periodicity and energy consumption is larger than that between the time series of periodicity and Lorenz. Additionally, the lower limit and upper limit of normal energy consumption are obtained.展开更多
It is of great significance to reasonably distribute the slung load to each helicopter while considering difference in power consumption,relative position and interaction comprehensively.Therefore,the load distributio...It is of great significance to reasonably distribute the slung load to each helicopter while considering difference in power consumption,relative position and interaction comprehensively.Therefore,the load distribution strategy based on power consumption and robust adaptive game control is proposed in this paper.The study is on a"2-lead"multi-lift system of four tandem heli-copters carrying a load cooperatively.First,based on the hierarchical control,the load distribution problem is divided into two parts:the calculation of expected cable force and the calculation of the anti-disturbance cable force.Then,aimed at minimizing the maximum equivalent power of heli-copter,an optimization problem is set up to calculate the expected cable force.Specially,the agent power model is trained by BP neural network,the safe distance constraint between helicopters is set to 2.5 rotor diameters to reduce aerodynamic interference,and the helicopters with different perfor-mance can be considered by introducing the equivalent power factor into the objective function.Next,considering the difference and interaction between helicopters,the robust adaptive differen-tial game control is proposed to calculate the anti-disturbance cable force.Particularly,to solve the coupled Hamiltonian equations,an adaptive solving method for value function is proposed,and its stability is proved in the sense of Lyapunov.The simulation results indicate that the proposed load distribution method based on power consumption is applicable to the entire flight trajectory even there are differences between helicopters.The game control can consider interaction between heli-copters,can deal with different objective functions,and has strong robustness and small steady-state error.Based on the entire strategy,the cable force can be reasonably allocated so as to resist disturbance and improve the flight performance of the whole system.展开更多
The electrically driven large-load-ratio six-legged robot with engineering capability can be widely used in outdoor and planetary exploration.However,due to the particularity of its parallel structure,the effective ut...The electrically driven large-load-ratio six-legged robot with engineering capability can be widely used in outdoor and planetary exploration.However,due to the particularity of its parallel structure,the effective utilization rate of energy is not high,which has become an important obstacle to its practical application.To research the power consumption characteristics of robot mobile system is beneficial to speed up it toward practicability.Based on the configuration and walking modes of robot,the mathematical model of the power consumption of mobile system is set up.In view of the tripod gait is often selected for the six-legged robots,the simplified power consumption model of mobile system under the tripod gait is established by means of reducing the dimension of the robot’s statically indeterminate problem and constructing the equal force distribution.Then,the power consumption of robot mobile system is solved under different working conditions.The variable tendencies of the power consumption of robot mobile system are respectively obtained with changes in the rotational angles of hip joint and knee joint,body height,and span.The articulated rotational zones and the ranges of body height and span are determined under the lowest power consumption.According to the walking experiments of prototype,the variable tendencies of the average power consumption of robot mobile system are respectively acquired with changes in duty ratio,body height,and span.Then,the feasibility and correctness of theory analysis are verified in the power consumption of robot mobile system.The proposed analysis method in this paper can provide a reference on the lower power research of the large-load-ratio multi-legged robots.展开更多
Water and nitrogen (N) management are key factors for sustainable pear production in many areas. Effects of integrated N fertilization and irrigation systems, rootstocks, and cultivars on pear (Pyrus communis) mineral...Water and nitrogen (N) management are key factors for sustainable pear production in many areas. Effects of integrated N fertilization and irrigation systems, rootstocks, and cultivars on pear (Pyrus communis) mineral nutrition, irrigation water and N consumption, and fruit productivity were investigated on a fine sandy loam soil at Hood River, Oregon from 2005 through 2007. Nitrogen application reduced to 80% of the current broadcast application rate and fertigated in five equal split applications could supply bearing pear trees with adequate N nutrition without reducing soil N reserves. Shifting from the broadcast of dry N fertilizer on soil surface and micro sprinkler irrigation system (BSS) to the split N fertigation and drip irrigation system (FDS) did not affect tree growth, fruit yield, or fruit size of pear. However, FDS produced more Bartlett fruit in color categories of 390 - 417 and 417 - 496 nm than BSS. Irrigation water consumption was reduced by 42.0% to 78.3%, but water use efficiency was enhanced by 51.0% to 264.2% with FDS relative to BSS. Split N fertigation and drip irrigation system may be used as an alternate N fertilization and irrigation system on bearing pear orchards to reduce irrigation water and N consumption in Hood River and other similar areas.展开更多
Currently a large effort is being done with the intention to educate people about how much energy each electrical appliance uses in their houses, since this knowledge is the fundamental basis of energy efficiency prog...Currently a large effort is being done with the intention to educate people about how much energy each electrical appliance uses in their houses, since this knowledge is the fundamental basis of energy efficiency programs that can be managed by the household owners. This paper presents a simple yet functional non-intrusive method for electric power measurement that can be applied in energy efficiency programs, in order to provide a better knowledge of the energy consumption of the appliances in a home.展开更多
文摘Fleet Management System (FMS) is a highly applicable system which gets more and more attention among industrial field. Recent years, fuel consumption has become one of the most concerned topics, hence, establishment of a fuel consumption monitoring system is required. In this study, based-on the FMS, a system which was capable of precisely monitoring and calculating the fuel consumption was designed. This FMS was composed of the front end Vehicle Tracking System (VTS) and the back end Management Server (MS). VTS was established and installed into the vehicles, based on several well-known technologies, such as Mobile Telecommunications Technology of GPRS or 3G, Global Positioning System (GPS), and On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II). In addition, VTS was also connected with the Vehicle Electronic Control Unit (VECU) through the OBD-II interface. By using GPRS/3G technology and the TCP/IP communication protocol, real-time vehicle operation data obtained from the OBD-II and positioning information from the GPS could be sent backward to the MS. The MS was designed through JBoss Developer Studio, and included the Data Collector (DC) and Web server. The DC gathers data sent back from VTS and the Web server calculates and decides the vehicle's present situation according to the data. The result can also be presented on websites by the Web server. In this study, the fuel consumption status of vehicles could be performed. Furthermore, the Web service also provided the users instant online manipulation.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China“6G satellite communication access networking technology”(No.2020YFB1808000).
文摘As the new generation of low Earth orbit(LEO)satellite communication systems begins to provide high-speed broadband access services to areas without terrestrial cellular coverage,scholars both domestically and internationally are reassessing the relationship between satellite and ground communications in regions prone to warfare and sparsely populated areas.Especially after the launch of Starlink’s“Direct to Cell”service,many believe that new-generation LEO satellite communication systems may not just be a supplement to terrestrial networks in the future.Presently,the discourse surrounding satellite-terrestrial network technology predominantly centers on economic costs and user acceptance,with a noticeable gap in research that addresses green communication and sustainable development.This paper,therefore,aims to fill this void by modeling the energy consumption of LEO satellite communication systems,exemplified by Starlink,and juxtaposing it with that of terrestrial networks.Our findings indicate that the energy consumption of satellite communication systems,such as Starlink,is a staggering 32.9 times higher than that of ground base station clusters in remote regions and an astonishing 715 times greater in densely populated urban areas.Although satellite communication systems hold the promise of global coverage,their standalone construction without integration with terrestrial networks could lead to significant energy waste.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62231009 and 62261160576in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2242023K5003in part by the Startup Research Fund of Southeast University under Grant RF1028623267。
文摘Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RISs)with the capability of nearly passive beamforming,have recently sparked considerable interests.This paper presents an energy-efficient discrete phase encoding method for RIS-assisted communication systems.Firstly,the beamforming gain,power consumption and energy efficiency models for the RIS-assisted system are illustrated.On this basis,the discrete phase encoding problem is formulated for the purpose of improving the energy efficiency,under the power constraint and the quality-of-service(QoS)requirement.According to the interrelation between the phase encoding and power consumption,a three-step encoding method is proposed with the capability of customizing the beamforming gain,power consumption,and energy efficiency.Simulation results indicate that the proposed method is capable of achieving a more favorable performance in terms of satisfying the QoS demand,reducing the power consumption,and improving the energy efficiency.Furthermore,two field trials at 35 GHz evidence the superiority performance and feasibility characteristics of the proposed method in real environment.This work may provide a reference for future applications of RIS-assisted system with an energy-efficient manner.
文摘This paper deals with the singular chemotaxis-Navier-Stokes system with indirect signal consumption n_(t)+u·▽v=△n-Х▽·(n/v▽u);v_(t)+u·▽v=△v-uw;w_(t)+u·▽w=△w-w+n;u_(t)+(u·▽)u=△u-▽P+n▽Ф;▽·u=0,x∈Ω,t>0 in a bounded and smooth domainΩ⊂ℝ2 with no-flux/no-flux/no-flux/no-slip boundary conditions,whereΦ∈W2,∞(Ω).A recent literature[Dai F,Liu B.J Differential Equations,2023,369:115–155]has proved that for all reasonably regular initial data,the associated initial-boundary value problem possesses a global classical solution,but qualitative information on the behavior of solution has never been touched so far.In stark contrast to the positive effect of indirect signal consumption mechanism on the global solvability of system,the analysis of asymptotic behavior of solution to the system with indirect signal consumption is essentially complicated than that with direct signal consumption because the favorable coupled structure between cells and signal is broken down by the indirect signal consumption mechanism.The present study shows that the global classical solution exponentially stabilizes toward the corresponding spatially homogeneous equilibria under a smallness condition on the initial cell mass.In comparison to the previously known result concerning the uniform convergence of solution to the system with direct signal consumption,our result inter alia provides a more in-depth understanding on the asymptotic behavior of solution.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2805703)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52305073,51975507).
文摘Thermosyphon loops are widely used in cooling systems.However,such distributed thermal management systems lack the ability to actively control the coolant flow in each parallel branch.An effective method for addressing this is to control the coolant flow in each branch using a solenoid valve.However,the existing valves do not satisfy the requirements for fast switching,low power,low pressure loss,and miniaturization.Therefore,in this study,a low-power-consumption miniature solenoid valve(LMSV)is proposed for use in thermal management systems.The key novelty is that the valve is designed with a suitably sized permanent magnet(PM)to allow the spool to continue working without consuming electrical energy.To achieve low flow resistance,a straight-through design is employed in the valve with the electromagnetic actuator located inside the valve shell.Multiphysical coupling analysis is performed to investigate its performance.The influence of the PM dimensions and current on the magnetic field distribution and electromagnetic force is studied.The effects of these key parameters on the flow field and pressure loss are also analyzed.Because the LMSV is sensitive to temperature,the switching time and energy consumption at different working temperatures are investigated.Experimental test platforms are constructed.A valve switching time of as short as 3 ms,pressure loss of 200 Pa at 0.92 L/min,and energy consumption of approximately 1.55 J during the opening and closing processes are achieved.The novel solenoid valve proposed in this study offers fast switching,low power consumption,low pressure loss,and miniaturization to meet the requirements of thermal management systems.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0106800)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021ME199).
文摘The intermittency and volatility of wind and photovoltaic power generation exacerbate issues such as wind and solar curtailment,hindering the efficient utilization of renewable energy and the low-carbon development of energy systems.To enhance the consumption capacity of green power,the green power system consumption optimization scheduling model(GPS-COSM)is proposed,which comprehensively integrates green power system,electric boiler,combined heat and power unit,thermal energy storage,and electrical energy storage.The optimization objectives are to minimize operating cost,minimize carbon emission,and maximize the consumption of wind and solar curtailment.The multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to solve the model,and a fuzzy membership function is introduced to evaluate the satisfaction level of the Pareto optimal solution set,thereby selecting the optimal compromise solution to achieve a dynamic balance among economic efficiency,environmental friendliness,and energy utilization efficiency.Three typical operating modes are designed for comparative analysis.The results demonstrate that the mode involving the coordinated operation of electric boiler,thermal energy storage,and electrical energy storage performs the best in terms of economic efficiency,environmental friendliness,and renewable energy utilization efficiency,achieving the wind and solar curtailment consumption rate of 99.58%.The application of electric boiler significantly enhances the direct accommodation capacity of the green power system.Thermal energy storage optimizes intertemporal regulation,while electrical energy storage strengthens the system’s dynamic regulation capability.The coordinated optimization of multiple devices significantly reduces reliance on fossil fuels.
文摘China’s booming performing arts sector is reshaping cultural experiences and creating vibrant new spaces for leisure,tourism and creativity The year 2025 marked a period of vigorous expansion for China’s performing arts sector,as the industry evolved from a traditional entertainment field into a comprehensive engine of cultural consumption.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health‐Plan Nacional sobre Drogas(2023‐I024)the the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities/State ResearchAgency/10.13039/501100011033(PID2023-146865OB-I00)+2 种基金Generalitat Valenciana(CIAICO/2021/203)the Primary Addiction Care Research Network(RD21/0009/0005)FEDER Funds,GVA.
文摘Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate target gene expression and impact disease-associated pathways.Chronic alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation,brain damage,and impaired cognition.Evidence indicates that females are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage than males.While mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been studied in various neuroinflammatory conditions,their potential to counteract alcohol-induced brain damage remains unclear.In this study,we investigated whether repeated intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could ameliorate neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in female mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles diminished the increased binding of a micro-positron emission tomography tracer(^(18)F-FDG)when analyzing whole-brain 3D images and brain coronal sections of ethanol-treated mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration protected against ethanol-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation,cognitive dysfunction,and the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine.MiRNA sequencing data from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles revealed the elevated expression of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-483-5p and miR-140-3p in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice following mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration.In addition,mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory-related miRNA target genes(e.g.,Socs3,Tnf,Mtor,and Atf6)in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice.These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could function as a neuroprotective therapy to ameliorate the neuroinflammation,cognitive dysfunction,and conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L242149)Research Project on High Quality Development of Hospital Pharmacy,National Institute of Hospital Administration,NHC,China(NIHAYS2332)+1 种基金National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(BJ-2023-199)Capital Funds for Health Improvement and Research(CFH)(2024-1-4052).
文摘Objective To examine national trends in antibiotic consumption and antimicrobial resistance(AMR)among six WHO-priority bacterial pathogens in China from 2016 to 2022.Methods This ecological study analyzed national and provincial data from the China Antibacterial Resistance Surveillance System(CARSS)and the National Hospital Information Network.Beta regression models assessed temporal trends,and hierarchical models evaluated associations between antibiotic use and resistance.Results From 2016 to 2022,carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium and E.faecalis significantly declined(β<0,P<0.010),while carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae increased(β=0.081,P<0.001).Nationwide antibiotic consumption rose across 10 major classes.Positive associations were found between carbapenem use and resistance in A.baumannii(z=2.719,P=0.007)and P.aeruginosa(z=3.241,P=0.001),and between vancomycin use and resistance in E.faecium(z=4.510,P=0.001)and E.faecalis(z=3.210,P=0.001).Conclusion Carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae increased significantly in China,while other resistant pathogens declined.Resistance patterns were linked to the use of multiple antibiotic classes,underscoring the need for strengthened antibiotic stewardship and surveillance.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 51036001 )the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No. BK2010043)
文摘A new ground source heat pump system combined with radiant heating/cooling is proposed, and the principles and the advantages of the system are analyzed. A demonstration of the system is applied to a rebuilt building： Xijindu exhibition hall, which is located in Zhenjiang city in China. Numerical studies on the thermal comfort and energy consumption of the system are carded out by using TRNSYS software. The results indicate that the system with the radiant floor method or the radiant ceiling method shows good thermal comfort without mechanical ventilation in winter. However, the system with either of the methods should add mechanical ventilation to ensure good comfort in summer. At the same level of thermal comfort, it can also be found that the annual energy consumption of the radiant ceiling system is less than that of the radiant floor system.
基金Project(52108101)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(2020GK4057,2021JJ40759)supported by the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department,China。
文摘For the carbon-neutral,a multi-carrier renewable energy system(MRES),driven by the wind,solar and geothermal,was considered as an effective solution to mitigate CO2emissions and reduce energy usage in the building sector.A proper sizing method was essential for achieving the desired 100%renewable energy system of resources.This paper presented a bi-objective optimization formulation for sizing the MRES using a constrained genetic algorithm(GA)coupled with the loss of power supply probability(LPSP)method to achieve the minimal cost of the system and the reliability of the system to the load real time requirement.An optimization App has been developed in MATLAB environment to offer a user-friendly interface and output the optimized design parameters when given the load demand.A case study of a swimming pool building was used to demonstrate the process of the proposed design method.Compared to the conventional distributed energy system,the MRES is feasible with a lower annual total cost(ATC).Additionally,the ATC decreases as the power supply reliability of the renewable system decreases.There is a decrease of 24%of the annual total cost when the power supply probability is equal to 8%compared to the baseline case with 0%power supply probability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （60774079）, the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2006AA04Z184）, and Sinopec Science ＆ Technology Development Project of China （205073）.
文摘Decreasing the acetic acid consumption in purified terephthalic acid （PTA） solvent system has become a hot issue with common concern. In accordance with the technical features, the electrical conductivity is in direct proportion to the acetic acid content. General regression neural network （GRNN） is used to establish the model of electrical conductivity on the basis of mechanism analysis, and then particle swarm optimization （PSO） algorithm with the improvement of inertia weight and population diversity is proposed to regulate the operating conditions. Thus, the method of decreasing the acid loss is derived and applied to PTA solvent system in a chemical plant. Cases studies show that the precision of modeling and optimization are higher. The results also provide the optimal operating conditions, which decrease the cost and improve the profit.
基金supported by the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (No. 20110006110011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51272024)
文摘A pulse current technique was conducted in a boron-doped diamond （BDD） anode system for electrochemical waste- water treatment. Due to the strong generation and weak absorption of hydroxyl radicals on the diamond surface, the BDD elec- trode possesses a powerful capability of electrochemical oxidation of organic compounds, especially in the pulse current mode. The influences of pulse current parameters such as current density, pulse duty cycle, and frequency were investigated in terms of chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal, average current efficiency, and specific energy consumption. The results demon- strated that the relatively high COD removal and low specific energy consumption were obtained simultaneously only if the current density or pulse duty cycle was adjusted to a reasonable value. Increasing the frequency slightly enhanced the COD re- moval and average current efficiency. A pulse-BDD anode system showed a stronger energy saving ability than a constant-BDD anode system when the electrochemical oxidation of phenol of the two systems was compared. The results prove that the pulse current technique is more cost-effective and more suitable for a BDD anode system for real wastewater treatment. A kinetic analysis was presented to explain the above results.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(70772073)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (07ZR14003)+1 种基金the Social Science Programming Foundation of Shanghai(2007BZH001)Excellent Young Teachers Follow-Up Scientific Research Foundation of Shanghai Fisheries University(A-0212-07-0132)
文摘To implement the computation of AHP （Analytic Hierarchy Process） automatically, make the implementation independence on the platform, and to convenient the service composition and service computation, this study implemented AHP model as a Web service and stored the evaluation information as XML form. This paper introduces the overall demands of AHP evaluation system firstly, and then presents some key technologies to implement AHP evaluation system, including mainly AHP evaluation index architecture based on XML, the class of AHP model, the Web service encapsulation of AHP, the publication and invocation of AHP and the client application. At last, the system is used to analyze the impact factors of online consumption behavior.
基金Project(2015SK1002) supported by Key Projects of Hunan Province Science and Technology Plan,China
文摘The pre-warning of abnormal energy consumption is important for energy conservation of industrial engineering. However, related studies on the lead smelting industries which usually have a huge energy consumption are rarely reported. Therefore, a pre-warning system was established in this study based on the intelligent prediction of energy consumption and the identification of abnormal energy consumption. A least square support vector regression (LSSVR) model optimized by the adaptive genetic algorithm was developed to predict the energy consumption in the process of lead smelting. A recurrence plots (RP) analysis and a confidence intervals (CI) analysis were conducted to quantitatively confirm the stationary degree of energy consumption and the normal range of energy consumption, respectively, to realize the identification of abnormal energy consumption. It is found the prediction accuracy of LSSVR model can exceed 90% based on the comparison between the actual and predicted data. The energy consumption is considered to be non-stationary if the correlation coefficient between the time series of periodicity and energy consumption is larger than that between the time series of periodicity and Lorenz. Additionally, the lower limit and upper limit of normal energy consumption are obtained.
文摘It is of great significance to reasonably distribute the slung load to each helicopter while considering difference in power consumption,relative position and interaction comprehensively.Therefore,the load distribution strategy based on power consumption and robust adaptive game control is proposed in this paper.The study is on a"2-lead"multi-lift system of four tandem heli-copters carrying a load cooperatively.First,based on the hierarchical control,the load distribution problem is divided into two parts:the calculation of expected cable force and the calculation of the anti-disturbance cable force.Then,aimed at minimizing the maximum equivalent power of heli-copter,an optimization problem is set up to calculate the expected cable force.Specially,the agent power model is trained by BP neural network,the safe distance constraint between helicopters is set to 2.5 rotor diameters to reduce aerodynamic interference,and the helicopters with different perfor-mance can be considered by introducing the equivalent power factor into the objective function.Next,considering the difference and interaction between helicopters,the robust adaptive differen-tial game control is proposed to calculate the anti-disturbance cable force.Particularly,to solve the coupled Hamiltonian equations,an adaptive solving method for value function is proposed,and its stability is proved in the sense of Lyapunov.The simulation results indicate that the proposed load distribution method based on power consumption is applicable to the entire flight trajectory even there are differences between helicopters.The game control can consider interaction between heli-copters,can deal with different objective functions,and has strong robustness and small steady-state error.Based on the entire strategy,the cable force can be reasonably allocated so as to resist disturbance and improve the flight performance of the whole system.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51505335)Industry University Cooperation Collaborative Education Project of the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.202102517001)Doctor Startup Projects of TUTE of China(Grant No.KYQD1806)。
文摘The electrically driven large-load-ratio six-legged robot with engineering capability can be widely used in outdoor and planetary exploration.However,due to the particularity of its parallel structure,the effective utilization rate of energy is not high,which has become an important obstacle to its practical application.To research the power consumption characteristics of robot mobile system is beneficial to speed up it toward practicability.Based on the configuration and walking modes of robot,the mathematical model of the power consumption of mobile system is set up.In view of the tripod gait is often selected for the six-legged robots,the simplified power consumption model of mobile system under the tripod gait is established by means of reducing the dimension of the robot’s statically indeterminate problem and constructing the equal force distribution.Then,the power consumption of robot mobile system is solved under different working conditions.The variable tendencies of the power consumption of robot mobile system are respectively obtained with changes in the rotational angles of hip joint and knee joint,body height,and span.The articulated rotational zones and the ranges of body height and span are determined under the lowest power consumption.According to the walking experiments of prototype,the variable tendencies of the average power consumption of robot mobile system are respectively acquired with changes in duty ratio,body height,and span.Then,the feasibility and correctness of theory analysis are verified in the power consumption of robot mobile system.The proposed analysis method in this paper can provide a reference on the lower power research of the large-load-ratio multi-legged robots.
文摘Water and nitrogen (N) management are key factors for sustainable pear production in many areas. Effects of integrated N fertilization and irrigation systems, rootstocks, and cultivars on pear (Pyrus communis) mineral nutrition, irrigation water and N consumption, and fruit productivity were investigated on a fine sandy loam soil at Hood River, Oregon from 2005 through 2007. Nitrogen application reduced to 80% of the current broadcast application rate and fertigated in five equal split applications could supply bearing pear trees with adequate N nutrition without reducing soil N reserves. Shifting from the broadcast of dry N fertilizer on soil surface and micro sprinkler irrigation system (BSS) to the split N fertigation and drip irrigation system (FDS) did not affect tree growth, fruit yield, or fruit size of pear. However, FDS produced more Bartlett fruit in color categories of 390 - 417 and 417 - 496 nm than BSS. Irrigation water consumption was reduced by 42.0% to 78.3%, but water use efficiency was enhanced by 51.0% to 264.2% with FDS relative to BSS. Split N fertigation and drip irrigation system may be used as an alternate N fertilization and irrigation system on bearing pear orchards to reduce irrigation water and N consumption in Hood River and other similar areas.
文摘Currently a large effort is being done with the intention to educate people about how much energy each electrical appliance uses in their houses, since this knowledge is the fundamental basis of energy efficiency programs that can be managed by the household owners. This paper presents a simple yet functional non-intrusive method for electric power measurement that can be applied in energy efficiency programs, in order to provide a better knowledge of the energy consumption of the appliances in a home.
