This paper examines the results of the distributed generation penetration in large-scale medium-voltage power distribution networks. The network examined as a study case consists of twenty one lines fed by three power...This paper examines the results of the distributed generation penetration in large-scale medium-voltage power distribution networks. The network examined as a study case consists of twenty one lines fed by three power substations. The injected power comes mainly from photovoltaic units. Specifically, the influences of distributed generation on the network branch currents, losses and voltage profile as well as on the short-circuit level at the medium voltage busbars of the infeeding substations are examined according to international and national standards. The arising problems are explored and technical solutions are proposed. This paper is a pilot application as general conclusions concerning the extended distributed generation penetration in real power distribution networks are set out.展开更多
The afterburning of TNT and structural constraints in confined spaces significantly amplify the blast load,leading to severe structural damage. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the enhanced dynamic re...The afterburning of TNT and structural constraints in confined spaces significantly amplify the blast load,leading to severe structural damage. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the enhanced dynamic response of reinforced concrete blast doors with four-sided restraints in confined space. Explosion tests with TNT charges ranging from 0.15 kg to 0.4 kg were conducted in a confined space,capturing overpressure loads and the dynamic response of the blast door. An internal explosion model incorporating the afterburning effect was developed using LS-DYNA software and validated against experimental data. The results reveal that the TNT afterburning effect amplifies both the initial peak overpressure and the quasi-static overpressure, resulting in increased deformation of the blast door.Within the 0.15-0.4 kg charge range, the initial overpressure peak and quasi-static overpressure increased by an average of 1.79 times and 2.21 times, respectively. Additionally, the afterburning effect enhanced the blast door's deflection by 177%. Compared to open-space scenarios, the cumulative deflection of the blast door due to repeated shock wave impacts is significantly greater in confined spaces. Furthermore, the quasi-static pressure arising from the structural constraints sustains the blast door's deflection at a high level.展开更多
文摘This paper examines the results of the distributed generation penetration in large-scale medium-voltage power distribution networks. The network examined as a study case consists of twenty one lines fed by three power substations. The injected power comes mainly from photovoltaic units. Specifically, the influences of distributed generation on the network branch currents, losses and voltage profile as well as on the short-circuit level at the medium voltage busbars of the infeeding substations are examined according to international and national standards. The arising problems are explored and technical solutions are proposed. This paper is a pilot application as general conclusions concerning the extended distributed generation penetration in real power distribution networks are set out.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52278504)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20220141)。
文摘The afterburning of TNT and structural constraints in confined spaces significantly amplify the blast load,leading to severe structural damage. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the enhanced dynamic response of reinforced concrete blast doors with four-sided restraints in confined space. Explosion tests with TNT charges ranging from 0.15 kg to 0.4 kg were conducted in a confined space,capturing overpressure loads and the dynamic response of the blast door. An internal explosion model incorporating the afterburning effect was developed using LS-DYNA software and validated against experimental data. The results reveal that the TNT afterburning effect amplifies both the initial peak overpressure and the quasi-static overpressure, resulting in increased deformation of the blast door.Within the 0.15-0.4 kg charge range, the initial overpressure peak and quasi-static overpressure increased by an average of 1.79 times and 2.21 times, respectively. Additionally, the afterburning effect enhanced the blast door's deflection by 177%. Compared to open-space scenarios, the cumulative deflection of the blast door due to repeated shock wave impacts is significantly greater in confined spaces. Furthermore, the quasi-static pressure arising from the structural constraints sustains the blast door's deflection at a high level.
