Traditional linear program (LP) models are deterministic. The way that constraint limit uncertainty is handled is to compute the range of feasibility. After the optimal solution is obtained, typically by the simplex m...Traditional linear program (LP) models are deterministic. The way that constraint limit uncertainty is handled is to compute the range of feasibility. After the optimal solution is obtained, typically by the simplex method, one considers the effect of varying each constraint limit, one at a time. This yields the range of feasibility within which the solution remains feasible. This sensitivity analysis is useful for helping the analyst get a feel for the problem. However, it is unrealistic because some constraint limits can vary randomly. These are typically constraint limits based on expected inventory. Inventory may fall short if there are overdue deliveries, unplanned machine failure, spoilage, etc. A realistic LP is created for simultaneously randomizing the constraint limits from any probability distribution. The corresponding distribution of objective function values is created. This distribution is examined directly for central tendencies, spread, skewness and extreme values for the purpose of risk analysis. The spreadsheet design presented is ideal for teaching Monte Carlo simulation and risk analysis to graduate students in business analytics with no specialized programming language requirement.展开更多
风电机组一般通过综合惯量控制提供辅助调频,然而其调频效果受控制参数影响较大。文中综合考虑风电机组自身可调能力与系统频率响应指标,对风电调频参数整定进行研究。首先,建立计及风电和火电参与调频的系统频率响应(system frequency ...风电机组一般通过综合惯量控制提供辅助调频,然而其调频效果受控制参数影响较大。文中综合考虑风电机组自身可调能力与系统频率响应指标,对风电调频参数整定进行研究。首先,建立计及风电和火电参与调频的系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型,并推导频率响应指标的解析式。其次,对风电机组的转子运动方程进行线性化并建立转速模型,在不同风速工况下验证其准确性。然后,以提升系统频率最低点为目标,同时考虑风电机组转速下限和系统频率安全约束,整定其控制参数。最后,仿真结果验证所提风电调频控制参数整定方法在不同风电渗透率以及功率扰动下,均能够在确保系统频率安全的前提下充分利用风电机组的转子动能。展开更多
An integrated approach that considers the performance limitations of tracking control systems for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles is proposed. First, a set of ascent trajectories is obtained as candidates for tracki...An integrated approach that considers the performance limitations of tracking control systems for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles is proposed. First, a set of ascent trajectories is obtained as candidates for tracking control through a trajectory design method that considers the available acceleration. Second, the basic theory of performance limitations, which is adopted to calculate the limits on control performance through the trajectory, is integrated. The openloop dynamics of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles is responsible for these limits on the control system. Comprehensive specifications on stability, tracking accuracy, and robustness are derived, and the flight envelope with constraints and control specifications is identified. Simulation results suggest that trajectory design should consider restrictions on control performance to obtain reliable solutions.展开更多
In this paper, we obtain information theoretical conditions for tracking in linear time-invariant control systems. We consider the particular case where the closed loop contains a channel in the feedback loop. The mut...In this paper, we obtain information theoretical conditions for tracking in linear time-invariant control systems. We consider the particular case where the closed loop contains a channel in the feedback loop. The mutual information rate between the feedback signal and the reference input signal is used to quantify information about the reference signal that is available for feedback. This mutual information rate must be maximized in order to improve the tracking performance. The mutual information is shown to be upper bounded by a quantity that depends on the unstable eigenvalues of the plant and on the channel capacity. If the channel capacity reaches a lower limit, the feedback signal becomes completely uncorrelated with the reference signal, rendering feedback useless. We also find a lower bound on the expected squared tracking error in terms of the entropy of a random reference signal. We show a misleading case where the mutual information rate does not predict the expected effect of nonminimum phase zeros. However, mutual information rate helps generalize the concept that there is a tradeoff when tracking and disturbance rejection are simultaneous goals, and a constraint communication channel is present in the feedback loop. Examples and simulations are provided to demonstrate some of the results.展开更多
文摘Traditional linear program (LP) models are deterministic. The way that constraint limit uncertainty is handled is to compute the range of feasibility. After the optimal solution is obtained, typically by the simplex method, one considers the effect of varying each constraint limit, one at a time. This yields the range of feasibility within which the solution remains feasible. This sensitivity analysis is useful for helping the analyst get a feel for the problem. However, it is unrealistic because some constraint limits can vary randomly. These are typically constraint limits based on expected inventory. Inventory may fall short if there are overdue deliveries, unplanned machine failure, spoilage, etc. A realistic LP is created for simultaneously randomizing the constraint limits from any probability distribution. The corresponding distribution of objective function values is created. This distribution is examined directly for central tendencies, spread, skewness and extreme values for the purpose of risk analysis. The spreadsheet design presented is ideal for teaching Monte Carlo simulation and risk analysis to graduate students in business analytics with no specialized programming language requirement.
文摘风电机组一般通过综合惯量控制提供辅助调频,然而其调频效果受控制参数影响较大。文中综合考虑风电机组自身可调能力与系统频率响应指标,对风电调频参数整定进行研究。首先,建立计及风电和火电参与调频的系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型,并推导频率响应指标的解析式。其次,对风电机组的转子运动方程进行线性化并建立转速模型,在不同风速工况下验证其准确性。然后,以提升系统频率最低点为目标,同时考虑风电机组转速下限和系统频率安全约束,整定其控制参数。最后,仿真结果验证所提风电调频控制参数整定方法在不同风电渗透率以及功率扰动下,均能够在确保系统频率安全的前提下充分利用风电机组的转子动能。
基金supported by Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund of China (No. CASC2016)Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province of China (KTHY025)+3 种基金Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Educationthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61403191, 11572149)the Funding of Jiangsu Innovation Program for Graduate Education of China (Nos. KYLX_0281, KYLX15_0318 and NZ2015205)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘An integrated approach that considers the performance limitations of tracking control systems for air-breathing hypersonic vehicles is proposed. First, a set of ascent trajectories is obtained as candidates for tracking control through a trajectory design method that considers the available acceleration. Second, the basic theory of performance limitations, which is adopted to calculate the limits on control performance through the trajectory, is integrated. The openloop dynamics of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles is responsible for these limits on the control system. Comprehensive specifications on stability, tracking accuracy, and robustness are derived, and the flight envelope with constraints and control specifications is identified. Simulation results suggest that trajectory design should consider restrictions on control performance to obtain reliable solutions.
基金supported by Conacytthe second author was partly supported by NSF award under the FIND initiative CNS 0626380
文摘In this paper, we obtain information theoretical conditions for tracking in linear time-invariant control systems. We consider the particular case where the closed loop contains a channel in the feedback loop. The mutual information rate between the feedback signal and the reference input signal is used to quantify information about the reference signal that is available for feedback. This mutual information rate must be maximized in order to improve the tracking performance. The mutual information is shown to be upper bounded by a quantity that depends on the unstable eigenvalues of the plant and on the channel capacity. If the channel capacity reaches a lower limit, the feedback signal becomes completely uncorrelated with the reference signal, rendering feedback useless. We also find a lower bound on the expected squared tracking error in terms of the entropy of a random reference signal. We show a misleading case where the mutual information rate does not predict the expected effect of nonminimum phase zeros. However, mutual information rate helps generalize the concept that there is a tradeoff when tracking and disturbance rejection are simultaneous goals, and a constraint communication channel is present in the feedback loop. Examples and simulations are provided to demonstrate some of the results.
