Rational design of birefringent crystals with high birefringence remains a critical challenge.Herein we present two oxalate crystals of(C_(6)N_(2)H_(11))(HC_(2)O_(4))(1)and(C_(4)N_(2)H_(4))(H_(2)C_(2)O_(4))(2)(H_(2)C_...Rational design of birefringent crystals with high birefringence remains a critical challenge.Herein we present two oxalate crystals of(C_(6)N_(2)H_(11))(HC_(2)O_(4))(1)and(C_(4)N_(2)H_(4))(H_(2)C_(2)O_(4))(2)(H_(2)C_(2)O_(4)=oxalic acid,C_(6)N_(2)H_(11)=2-ethyl-4-methylimidazolium cation and C_(4)N_(2)H_(4)=pyrazine).Remarkably,crystal 2 exhibits an unprecedentedly large birefringence of 0.422 at 550 nm,which surpasses all commercial birefringent crystals.The formation of the directional hydrogen bonds between oxalate and planar pyrazine constituents facilitates the adoption of a planar configuration by oxalic units possessing large polarizability anisotropy(Δα=21.72).Whereas the distorted configuration of oxalate groups with a relatively small Δα of 13.95 induced by the non-coplanar arrangement of the imidazole planes of C_(6)N_(2)H_(11) leads to moderate birefringence(0.144@550 nm)for 1.Computational analyses reveal that the birefringent superiority of 2 originates from the synergistic effect of the π-conjugated oxalate and pyrazine units in a parallel arrangement directed by hydrogen bonds.This work breaks the record of birefringence in oxalates.It also develops a powerful hydrogen bond-directed strategy to modulate the configuration of oxalate groups,enabling its use as a tunable anisotropic structural unit for constructing birefringent crystals.展开更多
Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are driven by intricate and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms,presenting substantial challenges for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.Recent studies have highl...Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are driven by intricate and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms,presenting substantial challenges for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of various traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),which exert vasodilatory,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant effects that may alleviate clinical symptoms and slow CVD progression.Ziziphora clinopodioides,a traditional herbal medicine,contains primarily flavonoids,phenolic acids,and essential oils.These compounds contribute to its pharmacological activities,including inhibition of apoptosis inhibition,inflammation reduction,oxidative stress mitigation,mitochondrial function improvement,and vasodilation promotion,all of which are relevant to CVD treatment.This review comprehensively examines the pathophysiological basis of CVDs,elucidates the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the cardioprotective actions of Ziziphora clinopodioides,and summarizes its emerging clinical applications in cardiovascular therapy.The findings aim to inform future research and promote the rational development of this medicinal plant as a complementary or adjunctive treatment for CVDs.展开更多
The optimal development,function,and maintenance of the central nervous system(CNS)are determined by the dynamic and continuous crosstalk between its components.Neurons and glial cells,the cellular constituents of the...The optimal development,function,and maintenance of the central nervous system(CNS)are determined by the dynamic and continuous crosstalk between its components.Neurons and glial cells,the cellular constituents of the CNS,orchestrate a wide range of essential activities(Allen and Lyons,2018).Notably,glial cells,which outnumber neurons,constitute the major population within the CNS.This population comprises astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and ependymal cells,each fulfilling specialized functions that contribute to neural homeostasis and overall CNS integrity.Astrocytes are pivotal in preserving structural and functional integrity through the regulation of synaptic function,the clearance of neurotransmitters,and ion balance.Moreover,they provide metabolic support to neurons.展开更多
The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,rem...The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.展开更多
The existence of the"stomach-knee axis"and the potential independent association between"Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)"have been substantiated through multiple lines...The existence of the"stomach-knee axis"and the potential independent association between"Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)"have been substantiated through multiple lines of evidence,including epidemiological studies of the"stomach-knee axis",investigations into the pathological mechanisms linking"Hp infection and arthritis",as well as research on co-treatment drugs and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms relevant to"gastritis and arthritis".The investigation into"stomach and knee joint treatment"is grounded in the concept that the"stomach-knee axis"aligns with the"combined bi of body constituents and zang organs"theory.Clinical cases have demonstrated that therapeutic strategies of"stomach and knee joint treatment"can mitigate KOA damage by modulating the"stomach-knee axis"and eradicating Hp infection in the stomach.This study aims to contribute novel insights into the cross-system treatment of KOA.Further investigation into the"stomach-knee axis"may yield innovative strategies for the prevention and management of KOA,potentially through the eradication of Hp.展开更多
Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At prese...Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At present,the academic advances and scientific achievements in TCM serve as a key driving force for industry growth and advancement of the inheritance and innovation of TCM.To continuously strengthen the leading role of academic research,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)attaches great importance to the latest research directions and academic results in TCM,and spotlights key advances and emerging trends in TCM scholarship.Since 2020,CACM has conducted the selection and release of the“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine”on a yearly basis.The selection of“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine in 2024”prioritized research that addresses clinical needs,answers scientific questions and drives industrial development.Highlighting exploratory,forward-looking,innovative and groundbreaking achievements,the following 10 breakthroughs were selected through a process of collection,systematic review and expert evaluation:New advances in prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases with“brain-gut”cross-organ strategy,high-level evidence support for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD)continuum with TCM,important breakthrough in the research on prevention and treatment of acute radiation injury with TCM,elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying“excellent shape and high quality”variation in cultivated American ginseng through domestication,biosynthesis of trace active ingredients such as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,pilot application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,research technology for unelucidated constituents of TCM,new drug delivery system in TCM,and establishment and preliminary application of integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCM(iEC-Eff).展开更多
The association of copper(Cu)with preterm birth(PTB)and its subtypes,spontaneous preterm birth(SPB)and iatrogenic preterm birth(IPB),are still unclear.In addition,previous studies suggested that serum lipid was associ...The association of copper(Cu)with preterm birth(PTB)and its subtypes,spontaneous preterm birth(SPB)and iatrogenic preterm birth(IPB),are still unclear.In addition,previous studies suggested that serum lipid was associated with both Cu and PTB.Therefore,we explored the association of blood Cu in the first trimester with the risk of PTB and its subtypes,as well as the potential mediating effect of serum lipid using a nested case-control study.The concentrations of Cu in the serum and blood cells,and serum lipids in the first trimester were measured.The concentration of Cu in whole blood was calculated based on hematocrit.Compared to the lowest tertile of Cu concentrations in the first trimester,the highest tertile of Cu significantly increased the risk of SPB with adjusted odds ratios(AORs)of 2.75(95% confidence interval(CI):1.41-5.34)for serum and 3.75(95% CI:1.21-11.60)for whole blood,and significantly increased the risk of IPB with AORs of 3.25(95%CI:1.06-9.94)for blood cells.According to the mediation analysis,the indirect effect of triglyceride(β=0.016,95%CI:0.0002-0.042)was the only significant effect in the association between Cu and SPB,with the mediating proportion of 9.8%(95%CI:0.2%-33.4%).It suggested that a high level of serum Cu may be associated with an increased risk of SPB with a possible mediator of serum triglyceride,and a high level of blood cell Cu may be associated with an increased risk of IPB.展开更多
As a diuretic and dampness-eliminating medicinal agent in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)is commonly used for symptoms such as dysuria,edema and abdominal distension,diarrhea with oliguria,a...As a diuretic and dampness-eliminating medicinal agent in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)is commonly used for symptoms such as dysuria,edema and abdominal distension,diarrhea with oliguria,and dizziness due to phlegm–fluid retention.Systematic phytochemical studies have revealed that the active components of Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)are primarily triterpenoids,along with sesquiterpenes,polysaccharides,sterols,alkaloids,phenolic acids,and lignans.These components form the material basis for its pharmacological activities.Recent breakthroughs in pharmacological research have expanded beyond its traditionally recognized diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects:Its antiurolithiasis effect has been clearly linked to inhibiting the crystallization of stone components and promoting stone expulsion;its renal protective effect can ameliorate kidney injury by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses in renal tissues;its lipid-lowering mechanism involves regulating lipid metabolism pathways and reducing lipid deposition;in terms of anticancer activity,it exhibits proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in various tumor cells such as liver,lung,and colon cancers;additionally,it shows significant antibacterial activity against pathogens,including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.展开更多
Korla fragrant pears are one of the“famous,excellent,and special”fruits in Xinjiang.They belong to the white pear variety in the genus Pyrus of the Rosaceae family.With a long-standing planting history and strong re...Korla fragrant pears are one of the“famous,excellent,and special”fruits in Xinjiang.They belong to the white pear variety in the genus Pyrus of the Rosaceae family.With a long-standing planting history and strong regional characteristics,they are mainly produced in southern Xinjiang.Due to unique natural conditions such as large temperature differences between day and night and sufficient sunlight,Korla fragrant pears have a crispy texture,a sweet but not cloying taste,and their flesh is delicate and juicy,with excellent quality.Korla fragrant pears contain a variety of bioactive substances,mainly including polysaccharides,polyphenolic compounds,flavonoid compounds,triterpenoids,and sterols.They have medical effects such as“moistening the lungs,calming the heart,reducing phlegm,anti-inflammation,relieving cough,and resolving carbuncle toxins”.Uyghur and Mongolian medicine often use them as a good dietary therapy product.Based on recent literature reports,this paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Korla fragrant pears,aiming to provide references for the research and utilization of the deep processing of Korla fragrant pears.展开更多
Objective To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and its constituents and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to examine the modificat...Objective To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and its constituents and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to examine the modification roles of overweight status.Methods This prospective study included 27,507 adults living in rural China.The annual mean residential exposure to PM_(2.5)and its constituents was estimated using a satellite-based statistical model.Cox models were used to estimate the risk of T2DM associated with PM_(2.5)and its constituents.Stratified analysis quantified the role of overweight status in the association between PM_(2.5)constituents and T2DM.Results Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years,3,001 new T2DM cases were identified.The hazard ratio(HR)for a 10μg/m^(3)increase in ambient PM_(2.5)was 1.30(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17,1.45).Among the constituents,the strongest association was observed with black carbon.Being overweight significantly modified the association between certain constituents and the risk of T2DM.Participants who were overweight and exposed to the highest quartile of PM_(2.5)constituents had the highest risk of T2DM(HR:2.46,95%CI:2.04,2.97).Conclusions Our findings indicate that PM_(2.5)was associated with an increased risk of T2DM,with black carbon potentially being the primary contributor.Being overweight appeared to enhance the association between PM_(2.5)and T2DM.This suggests that controlling both PM_(2.5)exposure and overweight status may reduce the burden of T2DM.展开更多
A chemical investigation of secondary metabolites(SMs)from Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the identification of five novel dioxopiperazine(DKP)-diphenyl ether hybrids,designated as diphenylemestrins A-E(1-5).These c...A chemical investigation of secondary metabolites(SMs)from Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the identification of five novel dioxopiperazine(DKP)-diphenyl ether hybrids,designated as diphenylemestrins A-E(1-5).These compounds 1-5 represent the first known dimers combining DKP and diphenyl ether structures,with compound 4 featuring an uncommon dibenzofuran as the diphenyl ether component.The structural elucidation and determination of absolute stereochemistry were accomplished through spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.Notably,diphenylemestrin C(3)exhibited moderate cytostatic activity against NB4 cells,with a half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)value of 21.99μmol·L-1,and induced apoptosis at higher concentrations.展开更多
Brown carbon(BrC)has attracted widespread attention because of its strong absorption of solar radiation in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range,which causes adverse impacts on human health.Originally,BrC was a phy...Brown carbon(BrC)has attracted widespread attention because of its strong absorption of solar radiation in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range,which causes adverse impacts on human health.Originally,BrC was a physically defined class of substances.However,current research has gradually shifted towards the identification of its chemical groups,because its light-absorbing capability,chemical properties and health effects mainly depend on the chemical composition of its chromophores.Therefore,this review mainly focuses on the chemical understanding of BrC based on chromophores,and the secondary formation mechanism of chromophores,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects of BrC were detailly summarized.Firstly,BrC chromophores are divided into five categories:nitrogen-heterocycles,nitrogen-chain,aromatic species,oligomers and sulfur-containing organic compounds.Different chromophore precursor species exhibit variations,and their formation mechanisms are also distinct.Secondly,BrC can trigger the production of secondary organic aerosol(SOA)precursors or cause SOA growth because BrC is an important component of light-absorbing particles formed during incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels,potentially exerting adverse effects on human health.Finally,developing sufficiently separated methods for BrC and refining algorithms and machine learning can lead to a more effective understanding of the chemical composition of chromophores,thus enabling better evaluation of the atmospheric effects and health impacts of BrC.In all,this review provides new insights into the categories of BrC chromophores and new advance in secondary formation mechanisms,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects on the basis of chemical structures.展开更多
Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney c...Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney consolidation,astringency,diuresis,and heat-clearing.In this study,the polyphenolic constituents of D.juglandis and its functional instant tea were investigated in this study.Three polyphenolic compounds were isolated from 70%ethanol extract of D.juglandis Fructus as 2-methoxy juglone,regiolone and quercetin.The HPLC method was established for determination of the content of quercetin in the instant tea samples under the premise that the methodology was verifi ed to meet the standard requirements.The preparation process of D.juglandis Fructus instant tea was optimized through single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were determined as follows:feed rate of 10 mL/min,inlet temperature of 151℃,andβ-cyclodextrin addition of 9%.Then the antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays.The results showed that the quercetin had significant antioxidant activity.The instant tea group demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to the extracts group at 50,200,and 800μg/mL(P<0.001),likely due to the optimized spray-drying process,which might have enhanced the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of the active compounds.The results provided critical foundational data for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of D.juglandis Fructus.展开更多
Few studies have explored the acute effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents on respiratory diseases(RDs),particularly across a broad spectrum of RD subtypes.We analyzed the associations between PM_(2....Few studies have explored the acute effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents on respiratory diseases(RDs),particularly across a broad spectrum of RD subtypes.We analyzed the associations between PM_(2.5) and its five major constituents[organic matter(OM),black carbon(BC),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2−)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))]and RDs(10 major categories and 35 specific)based on the hospitalization records from 153 hospitals in 20 provincial distractions from 2013 to 2020.We found that short-term exposure(lag 0−1)to PM_(2.5) constituents per interquartile range increase was associated with higher hospitalization risks for acute upper respiratory infections,influenza and pneumonia,other acute lower respiratory infections,chronic lower respiratory diseases,other diseases of the pleura,and other diseases of the respiratory system;the effect estimates were 2.45−2.99%,2.02−2.71%,2.98−3.62%,3.06−3.65%,3.22−4.52%,and 2.23−3.66%,respectively.Among 35 specific RDs,12 were significantly affected by PM_(2.5) and its constituents.Individuals aged>60 years were sensitive to PM_(2.5) constituent exposure.Our individual-level nationwide study provided a more comprehensive perspective on the associations between PM_(2.5) constituents and various major and specific RDs,highlighting the necessity of prioritizing targeted control strategies for key constituents to effectively mitigate the burden of RDs in China.展开更多
Preterm birth(PTB),defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation,is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome[1].PTB is a global health concern,with an estimated 13.4 million cases in 2020[1],accounting for more th...Preterm birth(PTB),defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation,is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome[1].PTB is a global health concern,with an estimated 13.4 million cases in 2020[1],accounting for more than one in 10 births worldwide.Compared to full-term births,PTBs are associated with a higher risk of short-and long-term complications,including bronchopulmonary dysplasia,necrotizing enterocolitis,visual impairment,and cerebral injuries[2].Despite substantial research efforts to prevent PTB,the global PTB rate has shown little improvement over the past decade[1].Therefore,identifying additional risk factors remains a critical goal in preventing PTB.展开更多
Cohort evidence linking fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents to metabolic syndrome(MetS)was extensively scarce.A nationwide MetS-free cohort of 3658 participants aged 45 and above,followed up from2011 to 2015...Cohort evidence linking fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents to metabolic syndrome(MetS)was extensively scarce.A nationwide MetS-free cohort of 3658 participants aged 45 and above,followed up from2011 to 2015,were enrolled from125 cities across China’smainland.Cox proportional hazards models and quantile-based g-computation were adopted to investigate individual and joint effects of exposure to PM_(2.5) constituents with MetS and its components.Monte Carlo simulations(n=1000)were utilized to generate quasiconcentration-response(C-R)curve of joint exposure.A total of 633 MetS events occurred during 14,766.5 person-years follow-up(median 4.1 years).An estimated excess risk of 33%−51%in MetS incidence was linked to per interquartile range(IQR)increase in individual exposure to PM_(2.5) constituents.For an IQR-equivalent increase in joint exposure,we estimated a hazard ratio of 1.45(95%confidence interval:1.23−1.69)for MetS,1.49(1.31−1.69)for central obesity,1.19(1.06−1.34)for high BP,1.57(1.34−1.84)for lowHDL-C,1.31(1.14−1.51)for high TG,and 1.23(1.02−1.48)for elevated FBG,respectively.Approximately linear or J-shaped C-R curves were consistently observed in individual and joint associations of PM_(2.5) constituents with MetS and its components.Joint-exposure analyses provided consistent evidence for the greatest contribution of SO_(4)^(2−)in triggering PM_(2.5)-associated risks of overall MetS and its components.Stratified analysis suggested higher PM_(2.5)-related MetS risks among older participants and urban residents.These findings added longitudual population-based evidence for increased incident risks of MetS and its components associated with long-term exposures to PM_(2.5) constituents in middle-aged and older adults.展开更多
Two experimental X80 steels with different Cr contents(0.13,0.40 wt.%)were designed to study the influence of Cr content on the microstructure transformation and properties in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone by ...Two experimental X80 steels with different Cr contents(0.13,0.40 wt.%)were designed to study the influence of Cr content on the microstructure transformation and properties in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone by using a Formastor-F II thermal dilatometer and to simulate the microstructure of the subcritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone(SCGHAZ)by means of the Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator,along with the scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and electron backscattering diffraction test methods to characterize the microstructures at 650℃.The findings indicate that a higher Cr content can promote the formation of bainitic ferrite(BF),while the microhardness and impact toughness of SCGHAZ are improved.Granular bainite and BF dominated the microstructures formed by the two experimental steels at 650℃,respectively.For experimental steels mainly composed of BF,they have a high proportion of high-angle grain boundaries(HAGB),and the misorientation angle of HAGB is mostly greater than 55°.Moreover,the distribution of martensite-austenite(M-A)constituents in SCGHAZ altered from dense to sparse,and the form altered from elongated to island-like when the Cr concentration was changed from 0.13 to 0.40 wt.%.Consequently,by suitably increasing the concentration of Cr,it is possible to raise the density of HAGB and improve the shape of M-A constituents,allowing SCGHAZ to have a higher toughness.展开更多
Interactions between cement clinkers and clay minerals are crucial to the much lower strength of cement-based stabilized clays than concrete or mortar.In this paper,the kaolinite-based and montmorillonite-based clays ...Interactions between cement clinkers and clay minerals are crucial to the much lower strength of cement-based stabilized clays than concrete or mortar.In this paper,the kaolinite-based and montmorillonite-based clays were respectively stabilized by tricalcium silicate(C3S)and tricalcium aluminate(C3A),and measured by the unconfined compressive strength(UCS),29Si/27Al solid state nuclear magnetic resonance(SS-NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and transmission electron microscope(TEM)to probe the clinker-clay mineral interaction from macro-mechanical,mineralogical,and microstructural perspectives.The results show that C3A-stabilized samples gain strength rapidly in the first 3 d but are only 20%e60%of the strength of C3S-stabilized ones after 60 d.Microstructures reveal that montmorillonite shows better pozzolanic reactivity due to its superior Sichain and lattice substitution compared to kaolinite.This interaction domains the engineering performance of stabilized clays,benefiting the design of stabilizer referring to as the industrial by-products and clay minerals.展开更多
Puerariae Radix （Ge-Gen in Chinese） is a popular traditional Chinese herbal medicine derived from the driedroots ofPueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi or P. thomsonii Benth. It shows significant pharmacological activiti...Puerariae Radix （Ge-Gen in Chinese） is a popular traditional Chinese herbal medicine derived from the driedroots ofPueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi or P. thomsonii Benth. It shows significant pharmacological activities in the treatment ofcardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. This review summarizes progress in the chemistry study of Puerariaspecies, mainly covering the classes of flavonoids, puerosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, and triterpene saponins. Qualitative andquantitative chemical analyses are also covered.展开更多
The phase constituent evolution of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys with the mole ratio of Y to Zn both in the as-cast and as-annealed states at the Mg-rich corner was investigated by XRD and SEM/EDS analysis and was further explain...The phase constituent evolution of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys with the mole ratio of Y to Zn both in the as-cast and as-annealed states at the Mg-rich corner was investigated by XRD and SEM/EDS analysis and was further explained from the ternary phase diagram calculation. The results show that the formation of the secondary phases in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys firmly depends on the mole ratio of Y to Zn, and X （Mg 12 YZn）-phase, W （Mg 3 Y 2 Zn 3 ）-phase and I （Mg 3 YZn 6 ）-phase come out in sequence as the ratio of Y to Zn decreases. The mole ratios of Y to Zn with the corresponding phase constituent are suggested quantitatively as follows： the phase constituent is α-Mg ＋ I when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.164; α-Mg ＋ I ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.164 0.33;α-Mg ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.33; α-Mg ＋W＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.33 1.32; and α-Mg ＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 1.32. The results also offer a guideline for alloy selection and alloy design in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22361021,22261023)。
文摘Rational design of birefringent crystals with high birefringence remains a critical challenge.Herein we present two oxalate crystals of(C_(6)N_(2)H_(11))(HC_(2)O_(4))(1)and(C_(4)N_(2)H_(4))(H_(2)C_(2)O_(4))(2)(H_(2)C_(2)O_(4)=oxalic acid,C_(6)N_(2)H_(11)=2-ethyl-4-methylimidazolium cation and C_(4)N_(2)H_(4)=pyrazine).Remarkably,crystal 2 exhibits an unprecedentedly large birefringence of 0.422 at 550 nm,which surpasses all commercial birefringent crystals.The formation of the directional hydrogen bonds between oxalate and planar pyrazine constituents facilitates the adoption of a planar configuration by oxalic units possessing large polarizability anisotropy(Δα=21.72).Whereas the distorted configuration of oxalate groups with a relatively small Δα of 13.95 induced by the non-coplanar arrangement of the imidazole planes of C_(6)N_(2)H_(11) leads to moderate birefringence(0.144@550 nm)for 1.Computational analyses reveal that the birefringent superiority of 2 originates from the synergistic effect of the π-conjugated oxalate and pyrazine units in a parallel arrangement directed by hydrogen bonds.This work breaks the record of birefringence in oxalates.It also develops a powerful hydrogen bond-directed strategy to modulate the configuration of oxalate groups,enabling its use as a tunable anisotropic structural unit for constructing birefringent crystals.
基金supported by Zhejiang Province Health High-level Talent Training Project(No.WJW2022007)2024 National Health Commission Scientific Research Fund Zhejiang Province Health Key Science and Technology Plan Project(No.WKJ-ZJ-2422)+2 种基金The Leading Talent Project for Scientific and Technological Innovation in Xinjiang-Integrated Innovation and Demonstration Research on Kazakh Medicines from the Perspective of the“Belt and Road Initiative”(No.2024TSYCLJ0012)the Based on Neuroinflammation-Mediated Blood-Brain Barrier Damage,to Explore the Effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam.on PSCI Intervention(No.2026ZL0496)Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education General Scientific Research Project(No.Y202559835).
文摘Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are driven by intricate and multifactorial pathophysiological mechanisms,presenting substantial challenges for the development of effective therapeutic strategies.Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of various traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs),which exert vasodilatory,anti-inflammatory,and antioxidant effects that may alleviate clinical symptoms and slow CVD progression.Ziziphora clinopodioides,a traditional herbal medicine,contains primarily flavonoids,phenolic acids,and essential oils.These compounds contribute to its pharmacological activities,including inhibition of apoptosis inhibition,inflammation reduction,oxidative stress mitigation,mitochondrial function improvement,and vasodilation promotion,all of which are relevant to CVD treatment.This review comprehensively examines the pathophysiological basis of CVDs,elucidates the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the cardioprotective actions of Ziziphora clinopodioides,and summarizes its emerging clinical applications in cardiovascular therapy.The findings aim to inform future research and promote the rational development of this medicinal plant as a complementary or adjunctive treatment for CVDs.
基金supported by Linea D.1.2023-24 UniversitàCattolica del S.Cuore(to MTV).
文摘The optimal development,function,and maintenance of the central nervous system(CNS)are determined by the dynamic and continuous crosstalk between its components.Neurons and glial cells,the cellular constituents of the CNS,orchestrate a wide range of essential activities(Allen and Lyons,2018).Notably,glial cells,which outnumber neurons,constitute the major population within the CNS.This population comprises astrocytes,microglia,oligodendrocytes,and ependymal cells,each fulfilling specialized functions that contribute to neural homeostasis and overall CNS integrity.Astrocytes are pivotal in preserving structural and functional integrity through the regulation of synaptic function,the clearance of neurotransmitters,and ion balance.Moreover,they provide metabolic support to neurons.
文摘The dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa(Oleaceae),also known as Forsythia,is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb known for its heat-clearing and detoxifying properties.It is used to disperse nodules,reduce swelling,remove toxins,clear heat,and alleviate wind-heat syndromes.It also has hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory,antiviral,antibacterial,anticancer,antioxidant,antiaging,and anti-obesity effects,as well as potential therapeutic effects on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetic nephropathy.It is used to treat scrofula,mastitis,wind-heat common cold,and other ailments.The review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of F.suspensa,aiming to provide a scientific foundation for its future development,research,and clinical utilization.
基金Supported by Discipline Construction Project of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine—Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2025XK02).
文摘The existence of the"stomach-knee axis"and the potential independent association between"Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection and knee osteoarthritis(KOA)"have been substantiated through multiple lines of evidence,including epidemiological studies of the"stomach-knee axis",investigations into the pathological mechanisms linking"Hp infection and arthritis",as well as research on co-treatment drugs and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms relevant to"gastritis and arthritis".The investigation into"stomach and knee joint treatment"is grounded in the concept that the"stomach-knee axis"aligns with the"combined bi of body constituents and zang organs"theory.Clinical cases have demonstrated that therapeutic strategies of"stomach and knee joint treatment"can mitigate KOA damage by modulating the"stomach-knee axis"and eradicating Hp infection in the stomach.This study aims to contribute novel insights into the cross-system treatment of KOA.Further investigation into the"stomach-knee axis"may yield innovative strategies for the prevention and management of KOA,potentially through the eradication of Hp.
基金supported by the Project of Map of Scientific and Technological Talents in the Field of Traditional Chinese Medicine(No.XMSB20240923106).
文摘Leveraging unique resource advantages of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to achieve innovative breakthroughs in research constitutes a core strategic imperative for its inheritance,innovation and development.At present,the academic advances and scientific achievements in TCM serve as a key driving force for industry growth and advancement of the inheritance and innovation of TCM.To continuously strengthen the leading role of academic research,the China Association of Chinese Medicine(CACM)attaches great importance to the latest research directions and academic results in TCM,and spotlights key advances and emerging trends in TCM scholarship.Since 2020,CACM has conducted the selection and release of the“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine”on a yearly basis.The selection of“top 10 academic advances in traditional Chinese medicine in 2024”prioritized research that addresses clinical needs,answers scientific questions and drives industrial development.Highlighting exploratory,forward-looking,innovative and groundbreaking achievements,the following 10 breakthroughs were selected through a process of collection,systematic review and expert evaluation:New advances in prevention and treatment of digestive system diseases with“brain-gut”cross-organ strategy,high-level evidence support for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD)continuum with TCM,important breakthrough in the research on prevention and treatment of acute radiation injury with TCM,elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying“excellent shape and high quality”variation in cultivated American ginseng through domestication,biosynthesis of trace active ingredients such as benzylisoquinoline alkaloids,pilot application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,research technology for unelucidated constituents of TCM,new drug delivery system in TCM,and establishment and preliminary application of integrated evidence chain-based effectiveness evaluation of TCM(iEC-Eff).
基金supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7222248)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81673177).
文摘The association of copper(Cu)with preterm birth(PTB)and its subtypes,spontaneous preterm birth(SPB)and iatrogenic preterm birth(IPB),are still unclear.In addition,previous studies suggested that serum lipid was associated with both Cu and PTB.Therefore,we explored the association of blood Cu in the first trimester with the risk of PTB and its subtypes,as well as the potential mediating effect of serum lipid using a nested case-control study.The concentrations of Cu in the serum and blood cells,and serum lipids in the first trimester were measured.The concentration of Cu in whole blood was calculated based on hematocrit.Compared to the lowest tertile of Cu concentrations in the first trimester,the highest tertile of Cu significantly increased the risk of SPB with adjusted odds ratios(AORs)of 2.75(95% confidence interval(CI):1.41-5.34)for serum and 3.75(95% CI:1.21-11.60)for whole blood,and significantly increased the risk of IPB with AORs of 3.25(95%CI:1.06-9.94)for blood cells.According to the mediation analysis,the indirect effect of triglyceride(β=0.016,95%CI:0.0002-0.042)was the only significant effect in the association between Cu and SPB,with the mediating proportion of 9.8%(95%CI:0.2%-33.4%).It suggested that a high level of serum Cu may be associated with an increased risk of SPB with a possible mediator of serum triglyceride,and a high level of blood cell Cu may be associated with an increased risk of IPB.
文摘As a diuretic and dampness-eliminating medicinal agent in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)is commonly used for symptoms such as dysuria,edema and abdominal distension,diarrhea with oliguria,and dizziness due to phlegm–fluid retention.Systematic phytochemical studies have revealed that the active components of Zexie(Alismatis Rhizoma)are primarily triterpenoids,along with sesquiterpenes,polysaccharides,sterols,alkaloids,phenolic acids,and lignans.These components form the material basis for its pharmacological activities.Recent breakthroughs in pharmacological research have expanded beyond its traditionally recognized diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects:Its antiurolithiasis effect has been clearly linked to inhibiting the crystallization of stone components and promoting stone expulsion;its renal protective effect can ameliorate kidney injury by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses in renal tissues;its lipid-lowering mechanism involves regulating lipid metabolism pathways and reducing lipid deposition;in terms of anticancer activity,it exhibits proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction in various tumor cells such as liver,lung,and colon cancers;additionally,it shows significant antibacterial activity against pathogens,including Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
基金Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Project of the Autonomous Prefecture(Project No.:202401)National College Students'Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(Project Title:"Li Zhiyun·Ku Li Chun"-Pioneer in Promoting National Geographic Brand,Project Number:202513561005).
文摘Korla fragrant pears are one of the“famous,excellent,and special”fruits in Xinjiang.They belong to the white pear variety in the genus Pyrus of the Rosaceae family.With a long-standing planting history and strong regional characteristics,they are mainly produced in southern Xinjiang.Due to unique natural conditions such as large temperature differences between day and night and sufficient sunlight,Korla fragrant pears have a crispy texture,a sweet but not cloying taste,and their flesh is delicate and juicy,with excellent quality.Korla fragrant pears contain a variety of bioactive substances,mainly including polysaccharides,polyphenolic compounds,flavonoid compounds,triterpenoids,and sterols.They have medical effects such as“moistening the lungs,calming the heart,reducing phlegm,anti-inflammation,relieving cough,and resolving carbuncle toxins”.Uyghur and Mongolian medicine often use them as a good dietary therapy product.Based on recent literature reports,this paper reviews the main chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Korla fragrant pears,aiming to provide references for the research and utilization of the deep processing of Korla fragrant pears.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(82173600)Shanghai Leading Academic Project of Public Health,China(GWVI-8).
文摘Objective To investigate the association between long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))and its constituents and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),and to examine the modification roles of overweight status.Methods This prospective study included 27,507 adults living in rural China.The annual mean residential exposure to PM_(2.5)and its constituents was estimated using a satellite-based statistical model.Cox models were used to estimate the risk of T2DM associated with PM_(2.5)and its constituents.Stratified analysis quantified the role of overweight status in the association between PM_(2.5)constituents and T2DM.Results Over a median follow-up of 9.4 years,3,001 new T2DM cases were identified.The hazard ratio(HR)for a 10μg/m^(3)increase in ambient PM_(2.5)was 1.30(95%confidence interval[CI]:1.17,1.45).Among the constituents,the strongest association was observed with black carbon.Being overweight significantly modified the association between certain constituents and the risk of T2DM.Participants who were overweight and exposed to the highest quartile of PM_(2.5)constituents had the highest risk of T2DM(HR:2.46,95%CI:2.04,2.97).Conclusions Our findings indicate that PM_(2.5)was associated with an increased risk of T2DM,with black carbon potentially being the primary contributor.Being overweight appeared to enhance the association between PM_(2.5)and T2DM.This suggests that controlling both PM_(2.5)exposure and overweight status may reduce the burden of T2DM.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA0910500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20380,82104028,82173706,and 82373755)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Major Project of Hubei Province(No.2021ACA012)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,HUST(No.2021JYCXJJ058)。
文摘A chemical investigation of secondary metabolites(SMs)from Aspergillus nidulans resulted in the identification of five novel dioxopiperazine(DKP)-diphenyl ether hybrids,designated as diphenylemestrins A-E(1-5).These compounds 1-5 represent the first known dimers combining DKP and diphenyl ether structures,with compound 4 featuring an uncommon dibenzofuran as the diphenyl ether component.The structural elucidation and determination of absolute stereochemistry were accomplished through spectroscopic analysis and electronic circular dichroism(ECD)calculations.Notably,diphenylemestrin C(3)exhibited moderate cytostatic activity against NB4 cells,with a half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)value of 21.99μmol·L-1,and induced apoptosis at higher concentrations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42020104001,42327806 and 42177354).
文摘Brown carbon(BrC)has attracted widespread attention because of its strong absorption of solar radiation in the ultraviolet-visible wavelength range,which causes adverse impacts on human health.Originally,BrC was a physically defined class of substances.However,current research has gradually shifted towards the identification of its chemical groups,because its light-absorbing capability,chemical properties and health effects mainly depend on the chemical composition of its chromophores.Therefore,this review mainly focuses on the chemical understanding of BrC based on chromophores,and the secondary formation mechanism of chromophores,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects of BrC were detailly summarized.Firstly,BrC chromophores are divided into five categories:nitrogen-heterocycles,nitrogen-chain,aromatic species,oligomers and sulfur-containing organic compounds.Different chromophore precursor species exhibit variations,and their formation mechanisms are also distinct.Secondly,BrC can trigger the production of secondary organic aerosol(SOA)precursors or cause SOA growth because BrC is an important component of light-absorbing particles formed during incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels,potentially exerting adverse effects on human health.Finally,developing sufficiently separated methods for BrC and refining algorithms and machine learning can lead to a more effective understanding of the chemical composition of chromophores,thus enabling better evaluation of the atmospheric effects and health impacts of BrC.In all,this review provides new insights into the categories of BrC chromophores and new advance in secondary formation mechanisms,photosensitized reactions,and human health effects on the basis of chemical structures.
文摘Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney consolidation,astringency,diuresis,and heat-clearing.In this study,the polyphenolic constituents of D.juglandis and its functional instant tea were investigated in this study.Three polyphenolic compounds were isolated from 70%ethanol extract of D.juglandis Fructus as 2-methoxy juglone,regiolone and quercetin.The HPLC method was established for determination of the content of quercetin in the instant tea samples under the premise that the methodology was verifi ed to meet the standard requirements.The preparation process of D.juglandis Fructus instant tea was optimized through single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were determined as follows:feed rate of 10 mL/min,inlet temperature of 151℃,andβ-cyclodextrin addition of 9%.Then the antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays.The results showed that the quercetin had significant antioxidant activity.The instant tea group demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to the extracts group at 50,200,and 800μg/mL(P<0.001),likely due to the optimized spray-drying process,which might have enhanced the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of the active compounds.The results provided critical foundational data for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of D.juglandis Fructus.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82422065)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2704604)+1 种基金the Shanghai 3-year Public Health Action Plan(GWVI-11.2-YQ32,GWVI-11.1-39,GWVI-11.2-YQ31)the Shanghai B&R Joint Laboratory Project(22230750300).
文摘Few studies have explored the acute effects of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents on respiratory diseases(RDs),particularly across a broad spectrum of RD subtypes.We analyzed the associations between PM_(2.5) and its five major constituents[organic matter(OM),black carbon(BC),sulfate(SO_(4)^(2−)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(−)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))]and RDs(10 major categories and 35 specific)based on the hospitalization records from 153 hospitals in 20 provincial distractions from 2013 to 2020.We found that short-term exposure(lag 0−1)to PM_(2.5) constituents per interquartile range increase was associated with higher hospitalization risks for acute upper respiratory infections,influenza and pneumonia,other acute lower respiratory infections,chronic lower respiratory diseases,other diseases of the pleura,and other diseases of the respiratory system;the effect estimates were 2.45−2.99%,2.02−2.71%,2.98−3.62%,3.06−3.65%,3.22−4.52%,and 2.23−3.66%,respectively.Among 35 specific RDs,12 were significantly affected by PM_(2.5) and its constituents.Individuals aged>60 years were sensitive to PM_(2.5) constituent exposure.Our individual-level nationwide study provided a more comprehensive perspective on the associations between PM_(2.5) constituents and various major and specific RDs,highlighting the necessity of prioritizing targeted control strategies for key constituents to effectively mitigate the burden of RDs in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(8200340181972981)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(222102310150,China)the Open Research Fund of the National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention(NHCKLBDP202504,China).
文摘Preterm birth(PTB),defined as delivery before 37 weeks of gestation,is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome[1].PTB is a global health concern,with an estimated 13.4 million cases in 2020[1],accounting for more than one in 10 births worldwide.Compared to full-term births,PTBs are associated with a higher risk of short-and long-term complications,including bronchopulmonary dysplasia,necrotizing enterocolitis,visual impairment,and cerebral injuries[2].Despite substantial research efforts to prevent PTB,the global PTB rate has shown little improvement over the past decade[1].Therefore,identifying additional risk factors remains a critical goal in preventing PTB.
基金supported by Wuhan Knowledge Innovation Project(No.2023020201020410)“The 14th Five Year Plan”Hubei Provincial Advantaged Characteristic Disciplines(Groups)Project ofWuhan University of Science and Technology(No.2023C0102).
文摘Cohort evidence linking fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))constituents to metabolic syndrome(MetS)was extensively scarce.A nationwide MetS-free cohort of 3658 participants aged 45 and above,followed up from2011 to 2015,were enrolled from125 cities across China’smainland.Cox proportional hazards models and quantile-based g-computation were adopted to investigate individual and joint effects of exposure to PM_(2.5) constituents with MetS and its components.Monte Carlo simulations(n=1000)were utilized to generate quasiconcentration-response(C-R)curve of joint exposure.A total of 633 MetS events occurred during 14,766.5 person-years follow-up(median 4.1 years).An estimated excess risk of 33%−51%in MetS incidence was linked to per interquartile range(IQR)increase in individual exposure to PM_(2.5) constituents.For an IQR-equivalent increase in joint exposure,we estimated a hazard ratio of 1.45(95%confidence interval:1.23−1.69)for MetS,1.49(1.31−1.69)for central obesity,1.19(1.06−1.34)for high BP,1.57(1.34−1.84)for lowHDL-C,1.31(1.14−1.51)for high TG,and 1.23(1.02−1.48)for elevated FBG,respectively.Approximately linear or J-shaped C-R curves were consistently observed in individual and joint associations of PM_(2.5) constituents with MetS and its components.Joint-exposure analyses provided consistent evidence for the greatest contribution of SO_(4)^(2−)in triggering PM_(2.5)-associated risks of overall MetS and its components.Stratified analysis suggested higher PM_(2.5)-related MetS risks among older participants and urban residents.These findings added longitudual population-based evidence for increased incident risks of MetS and its components associated with long-term exposures to PM_(2.5) constituents in middle-aged and older adults.
基金support from the PipeChina Engineering Technology Innovation Co.,Ltd.(CLZB202301).
文摘Two experimental X80 steels with different Cr contents(0.13,0.40 wt.%)were designed to study the influence of Cr content on the microstructure transformation and properties in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone by using a Formastor-F II thermal dilatometer and to simulate the microstructure of the subcritically reheated coarse-grained heat-affected zone(SCGHAZ)by means of the Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator,along with the scanning electron microscope,transmission electron microscope,and electron backscattering diffraction test methods to characterize the microstructures at 650℃.The findings indicate that a higher Cr content can promote the formation of bainitic ferrite(BF),while the microhardness and impact toughness of SCGHAZ are improved.Granular bainite and BF dominated the microstructures formed by the two experimental steels at 650℃,respectively.For experimental steels mainly composed of BF,they have a high proportion of high-angle grain boundaries(HAGB),and the misorientation angle of HAGB is mostly greater than 55°.Moreover,the distribution of martensite-austenite(M-A)constituents in SCGHAZ altered from dense to sparse,and the form altered from elongated to island-like when the Cr concentration was changed from 0.13 to 0.40 wt.%.Consequently,by suitably increasing the concentration of Cr,it is possible to raise the density of HAGB and improve the shape of M-A constituents,allowing SCGHAZ to have a higher toughness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52278334,42272322,and 52209136).
文摘Interactions between cement clinkers and clay minerals are crucial to the much lower strength of cement-based stabilized clays than concrete or mortar.In this paper,the kaolinite-based and montmorillonite-based clays were respectively stabilized by tricalcium silicate(C3S)and tricalcium aluminate(C3A),and measured by the unconfined compressive strength(UCS),29Si/27Al solid state nuclear magnetic resonance(SS-NMR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and transmission electron microscope(TEM)to probe the clinker-clay mineral interaction from macro-mechanical,mineralogical,and microstructural perspectives.The results show that C3A-stabilized samples gain strength rapidly in the first 3 d but are only 20%e60%of the strength of C3S-stabilized ones after 60 d.Microstructures reveal that montmorillonite shows better pozzolanic reactivity due to its superior Sichain and lattice substitution compared to kaolinite.This interaction domains the engineering performance of stabilized clays,benefiting the design of stabilizer referring to as the industrial by-products and clay minerals.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81222054)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from Chinese Ministry of Education(Grant No.NCET-11-0019)
文摘Puerariae Radix （Ge-Gen in Chinese） is a popular traditional Chinese herbal medicine derived from the driedroots ofPueraria lobata （Willd.） Ohwi or P. thomsonii Benth. It shows significant pharmacological activities in the treatment ofcardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. This review summarizes progress in the chemistry study of Puerariaspecies, mainly covering the classes of flavonoids, puerosides, coumarins, triterpenoids, and triterpene saponins. Qualitative andquantitative chemical analyses are also covered.
基金Project(50725413)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The phase constituent evolution of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys with the mole ratio of Y to Zn both in the as-cast and as-annealed states at the Mg-rich corner was investigated by XRD and SEM/EDS analysis and was further explained from the ternary phase diagram calculation. The results show that the formation of the secondary phases in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys firmly depends on the mole ratio of Y to Zn, and X （Mg 12 YZn）-phase, W （Mg 3 Y 2 Zn 3 ）-phase and I （Mg 3 YZn 6 ）-phase come out in sequence as the ratio of Y to Zn decreases. The mole ratios of Y to Zn with the corresponding phase constituent are suggested quantitatively as follows： the phase constituent is α-Mg ＋ I when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.164; α-Mg ＋ I ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.164 0.33;α-Mg ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.33; α-Mg ＋W＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.33 1.32; and α-Mg ＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 1.32. The results also offer a guideline for alloy selection and alloy design in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr system.
