The definitions of the third-order elastic,piezoelectric,and dielectric constants and the properties of the associated tensors are discussed.Based on the energy conservation and coordinate transformation,the relations...The definitions of the third-order elastic,piezoelectric,and dielectric constants and the properties of the associated tensors are discussed.Based on the energy conservation and coordinate transformation,the relations among the third-order constants are obtained.Furthermore,the relations among the third-order elastic,piezoelectric,and dielectric constants of the seven crystal systems and isotropic materials are listed in detail.These third-order constants relations play an important role in solving nonlinear problems of elastic and piezoelectric materials.It is further found that all third-order piezoelectric constants are 0 for 15 kinds of point groups,while all third-order dielectric constants are 0 for 16 kinds of point groups as well as isotropic material.The reason is that some of the point groups are centrally symmetric,and the other point groups are high symmetry.These results provide the foundation to measure these constants,to choose material,and to research nonlinear problems.Moreover,these results are helpful not only for the study of nonlinear elastic and piezoelectric problems,but also for the research on flexoelectric effects and size effects.展开更多
The apparent 1^st order rate constant of photodegradation of formaldehyde by carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles has been investigated by numerical integration of mass transfer equation with measured degradation degr...The apparent 1^st order rate constant of photodegradation of formaldehyde by carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles has been investigated by numerical integration of mass transfer equation with measured degradation degree using a tubular photoreactor. The carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by the oxidation of TiCl4 in propane/air flame CVD process with futile fraction up to 0.3 and carbon mass fractions up to 0.22, respectively. Thin TiO2 film is coated on the wall of the tubular reactor by sedimentation method. Effects of rutile mass fraction and carbon content have been examined on the apparent 1 ^st order rate constant and results show that, at 570ppm of formaldehyde loaded air stream, 80% relative humidity and about 100nm thin TiOa film, the 1^st order rate constant increases with increasing rutile mass fraction up to 0.3, occurs a maximum at the carbon content of about 5% by weight and is about 2.5 times of that at carbon content about zero or above 10%.展开更多
Noncoherent integration is often ed for approving performance in detection of radar signal. Order-statistics constant false alarm rate (OS-CFAR) detector has some advantages in clutter and multiple target situations. ...Noncoherent integration is often ed for approving performance in detection of radar signal. Order-statistics constant false alarm rate (OS-CFAR) detector has some advantages in clutter and multiple target situations. AnOS-CFAN detector with noncoherent integration after Square law envelope detector is presented and an analysis of detection performance for the chi-Square family of Swerling fluctuating targets is given. Its application to the high frequency(HF) ground wave over-the-horizon (OTH) radar is discussed as well.展开更多
The kinetics of the catalytic reforming reaction of methane with carbondioxide to produce synthesis gas on a Ni/α-Al_2O_3 and a HSD-2 type commercial catalyst has beenstudied. The results indicate that the reaction o...The kinetics of the catalytic reforming reaction of methane with carbondioxide to produce synthesis gas on a Ni/α-Al_2O_3 and a HSD-2 type commercial catalyst has beenstudied. The results indicate that the reaction orders are one and zero for methane and carbondioxide, respectively, when the carbon dioxide partial pressure was about 12.5-30.0 kPa and thetemperature was at 1123-1173 K. However, when the carbon dioxide partial pressure was changed to30.0-45.0 kPa under the same temperature range of 1123-1173 K, the reaction orders of methane andcarbon dioxide are one. Furthermore, average rate constants at different temperatures weredetermined.展开更多
Adaptive broadband beamforraing is a key issue in array applications. The adaptive broadband beamformer with tapped delay line （TDL） structure for nonuniform linear array （NLA） is designed according to the rule of...Adaptive broadband beamforraing is a key issue in array applications. The adaptive broadband beamformer with tapped delay line （TDL） structure for nonuniform linear array （NLA） is designed according to the rule of minimizing the beamformer＇s output power while keeping the distortionless response （DR） in the direction of desired signal and keeping the constant beamwidth （CB） with the prescribed sidelobe level over the whole operating band. This kind of beamforming problem can be solved with the interior-point method after being converted to the form of standard second order cone programming （SOCP）. The computer simulations are presented which illustrate the effectiveness of our beamformer.展开更多
he cell averaging and the order statistics are two typical algorithms for constant false alarm rate detector in radar system. They have different advantages in stationary noise background and fluctuation clutter envir...he cell averaging and the order statistics are two typical algorithms for constant false alarm rate detector in radar system. They have different advantages in stationary noise background and fluctuation clutter environment respectively. This paper presents a doublethreshold constant false alarm rate detector constructed on the basis of synthesizing the advantages of the two algorithms above and avioding their disadvantages. The performance of the detector is analyzed, and the simulation result is given.展开更多
The article deals with an economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model for deteriorating items in which the supplier provides the purchaser a permissible delay in payment. This is so when deterioration of units in th...The article deals with an economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model for deteriorating items in which the supplier provides the purchaser a permissible delay in payment. This is so when deterioration of units in the inventory is subject to constant deterioration rate, demand rate is quadratic function of time and salvage value is associated with the deteriorated units. Shortages in the system are not allowed to occur. A mathematical formulation is developed when the supplier offers a permissible delay period to the customers under two circumstances: 1) when delay period is less than the cycle of time;and 2) when delay period is greater than the cycle of time. The method is suitable for the items like state-of-the-art aircrafts, super computers, laptops, android mobiles, seasonal items and machines and their spare parts. A solution procedure algorithm is given for finding the optimal order quantity which minimizes the total cost of an inventory system. The article includes numerical examples to support the effectiveness of the developed model. Finally, sensitivity analysis on some parameters on optimal solution is provided.展开更多
Application of Maxwell’s equations and the theory of relativity on the processes in atoms with real oscillator leads to the structural constant of atoms s0 = 8.278692517. Measurements show that the ratio of energy of...Application of Maxwell’s equations and the theory of relativity on the processes in atoms with real oscillator leads to the structural constant of atoms s0 = 8.278692517. Measurements show that the ratio of energy of the photon and its frequency is not constant which means that Planck’s h is not constant. The theory which is consistent with these measurements, has been found. This theory covers processes in electron configuration and also at the core of atoms. Based on the structural constant s0 the maximum possible atomic number Z is determined. In order to encompass all atoms and all nuclides a new measurement unit has been proposed. That is the measurement unit for the order of substance. The introduction of structural constant s0 makes 11 fundamental constants redundant, including Planck’s h. The structural constant of atoms s0 stands up as the most stable constant in a very wide range of measurement, so it may replace variable Planck’s h well. Continuity of the bremsstrahlung is explained.展开更多
The state of Tb3+ is investigated in liposome. When the concentration of PC is below CMC (critical micell concentration), most of Tb3+ is associated with PC, the binding constant is about 3.35×103 L/mol. When the...The state of Tb3+ is investigated in liposome. When the concentration of PC is below CMC (critical micell concentration), most of Tb3+ is associated with PC, the binding constant is about 3.35×103 L/mol. When the concentration of PC is beyond CMC, most of Tb3+ is dimerized, the dimerization constant is about 3.92×104L/mol. In PC?CH?H2O system, the binding constant of Tb3+?CH complex 2.93×104L/mol is obtained.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11872186 and11272126)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.HUST:2016JCTD114)
文摘The definitions of the third-order elastic,piezoelectric,and dielectric constants and the properties of the associated tensors are discussed.Based on the energy conservation and coordinate transformation,the relations among the third-order constants are obtained.Furthermore,the relations among the third-order elastic,piezoelectric,and dielectric constants of the seven crystal systems and isotropic materials are listed in detail.These third-order constants relations play an important role in solving nonlinear problems of elastic and piezoelectric materials.It is further found that all third-order piezoelectric constants are 0 for 15 kinds of point groups,while all third-order dielectric constants are 0 for 16 kinds of point groups as well as isotropic material.The reason is that some of the point groups are centrally symmetric,and the other point groups are high symmetry.These results provide the foundation to measure these constants,to choose material,and to research nonlinear problems.Moreover,these results are helpful not only for the study of nonlinear elastic and piezoelectric problems,but also for the research on flexoelectric effects and size effects.
文摘The apparent 1^st order rate constant of photodegradation of formaldehyde by carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles has been investigated by numerical integration of mass transfer equation with measured degradation degree using a tubular photoreactor. The carbon containing TiO2 nanoparticles are synthesized by the oxidation of TiCl4 in propane/air flame CVD process with futile fraction up to 0.3 and carbon mass fractions up to 0.22, respectively. Thin TiO2 film is coated on the wall of the tubular reactor by sedimentation method. Effects of rutile mass fraction and carbon content have been examined on the apparent 1 ^st order rate constant and results show that, at 570ppm of formaldehyde loaded air stream, 80% relative humidity and about 100nm thin TiOa film, the 1^st order rate constant increases with increasing rutile mass fraction up to 0.3, occurs a maximum at the carbon content of about 5% by weight and is about 2.5 times of that at carbon content about zero or above 10%.
文摘Noncoherent integration is often ed for approving performance in detection of radar signal. Order-statistics constant false alarm rate (OS-CFAR) detector has some advantages in clutter and multiple target situations. AnOS-CFAN detector with noncoherent integration after Square law envelope detector is presented and an analysis of detection performance for the chi-Square family of Swerling fluctuating targets is given. Its application to the high frequency(HF) ground wave over-the-horizon (OTH) radar is discussed as well.
文摘The kinetics of the catalytic reforming reaction of methane with carbondioxide to produce synthesis gas on a Ni/α-Al_2O_3 and a HSD-2 type commercial catalyst has beenstudied. The results indicate that the reaction orders are one and zero for methane and carbondioxide, respectively, when the carbon dioxide partial pressure was about 12.5-30.0 kPa and thetemperature was at 1123-1173 K. However, when the carbon dioxide partial pressure was changed to30.0-45.0 kPa under the same temperature range of 1123-1173 K, the reaction orders of methane andcarbon dioxide are one. Furthermore, average rate constants at different temperatures weredetermined.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (60472101)President Award of ChineseAcademy of Sciences(O729031511).
文摘Adaptive broadband beamforraing is a key issue in array applications. The adaptive broadband beamformer with tapped delay line （TDL） structure for nonuniform linear array （NLA） is designed according to the rule of minimizing the beamformer＇s output power while keeping the distortionless response （DR） in the direction of desired signal and keeping the constant beamwidth （CB） with the prescribed sidelobe level over the whole operating band. This kind of beamforming problem can be solved with the interior-point method after being converted to the form of standard second order cone programming （SOCP）. The computer simulations are presented which illustrate the effectiveness of our beamformer.
文摘he cell averaging and the order statistics are two typical algorithms for constant false alarm rate detector in radar system. They have different advantages in stationary noise background and fluctuation clutter environment respectively. This paper presents a doublethreshold constant false alarm rate detector constructed on the basis of synthesizing the advantages of the two algorithms above and avioding their disadvantages. The performance of the detector is analyzed, and the simulation result is given.
文摘The article deals with an economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model for deteriorating items in which the supplier provides the purchaser a permissible delay in payment. This is so when deterioration of units in the inventory is subject to constant deterioration rate, demand rate is quadratic function of time and salvage value is associated with the deteriorated units. Shortages in the system are not allowed to occur. A mathematical formulation is developed when the supplier offers a permissible delay period to the customers under two circumstances: 1) when delay period is less than the cycle of time;and 2) when delay period is greater than the cycle of time. The method is suitable for the items like state-of-the-art aircrafts, super computers, laptops, android mobiles, seasonal items and machines and their spare parts. A solution procedure algorithm is given for finding the optimal order quantity which minimizes the total cost of an inventory system. The article includes numerical examples to support the effectiveness of the developed model. Finally, sensitivity analysis on some parameters on optimal solution is provided.
文摘Application of Maxwell’s equations and the theory of relativity on the processes in atoms with real oscillator leads to the structural constant of atoms s0 = 8.278692517. Measurements show that the ratio of energy of the photon and its frequency is not constant which means that Planck’s h is not constant. The theory which is consistent with these measurements, has been found. This theory covers processes in electron configuration and also at the core of atoms. Based on the structural constant s0 the maximum possible atomic number Z is determined. In order to encompass all atoms and all nuclides a new measurement unit has been proposed. That is the measurement unit for the order of substance. The introduction of structural constant s0 makes 11 fundamental constants redundant, including Planck’s h. The structural constant of atoms s0 stands up as the most stable constant in a very wide range of measurement, so it may replace variable Planck’s h well. Continuity of the bremsstrahlung is explained.
文摘The state of Tb3+ is investigated in liposome. When the concentration of PC is below CMC (critical micell concentration), most of Tb3+ is associated with PC, the binding constant is about 3.35×103 L/mol. When the concentration of PC is beyond CMC, most of Tb3+ is dimerized, the dimerization constant is about 3.92×104L/mol. In PC?CH?H2O system, the binding constant of Tb3+?CH complex 2.93×104L/mol is obtained.
