Data privacy leakage has always been a critical concern in cloud-based Internet of Things(IoT)systems.Dynamic Symmetric Searchable Encryption(DSSE)with forward and backward privacy aims to address this issue by enabli...Data privacy leakage has always been a critical concern in cloud-based Internet of Things(IoT)systems.Dynamic Symmetric Searchable Encryption(DSSE)with forward and backward privacy aims to address this issue by enabling updates and retrievals of ciphertext on untrusted cloud server while ensuring data privacy.However,previous research on DSSE mostly focused on single keyword search,which limits its practical application in cloud-based IoT systems.Recently,Patranabis(NDSS 2021)[1]proposed a groundbreaking DSSE scheme for conjunctive keyword search.However,this scheme fails to effectively handle deletion operations in certain circumstances,resulting in inaccurate query results.Additionally,the scheme introduces unnecessary search overhead.To overcome these problems,we present CKSE,an efficient conjunctive keyword DSSE scheme.Our scheme improves the oblivious shared computation protocol used in the scheme of Patranabis,thus enabling a more comprehensive deletion functionality.Furthermore,we introduce a state chain structure to reduce the search overhead.Through security analysis and experimental evaluation,we demonstrate that our CKSE achieves more comprehensive deletion functionality while maintaining comparable search performance and security,compared to the oblivious dynamic cross-tags protocol of Patranabis.The combination of comprehensive functionality,high efficiency,and security makes our CKSE an ideal choice for deployment in cloud-based IoT systems.展开更多
Shortages in water resources and the fragile ecosystem by coal-mine water affect the Yulin coal-mine base in northwest China, so taking coal-mine water into account is an important issue for the sustainable management...Shortages in water resources and the fragile ecosystem by coal-mine water affect the Yulin coal-mine base in northwest China, so taking coal-mine water into account is an important issue for the sustainable management of water resources. This paper aims to explore how the Yulin coal-mine base can improve its conjunctive utilization of water resources. Integrated utilization is proposed by establishing a multi-objective, multi-water-source, optimal-allocation model;setting up an integrated information platform;and giving very useful measures and policy suggestions to the local government. Finally, this research can also serve as an example of integrated water utilization for other energy bases.展开更多
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology,the Internet of Things is playing an increasingly important role in our everyday.The amount of data generated by sensor devices is increasing as a large ...With the rapid development of wireless communication technology,the Internet of Things is playing an increasingly important role in our everyday.The amount of data generated by sensor devices is increasing as a large number of connectable devices are deployed in many fields,including the medical,agricultural,and industrial areas.Uploading data to the cloud solves the problem of data overhead but results in privacy issues.Therefore,the question of how to manage the privacy of uploading data and make it available to be interconnected between devices is a crucial issue.In this paper,we propose a scheme that supports real-time authentication with conjunctive keyword detection(RA-CKD),this scheme can realize the interconnection of encrypted data between devices while ensuring some measure of privacy for both encrypted data and detection tokens.Through authentication technology,connected devices can both authenticate each other’s identity and prevent malicious adversaries from interfering with device interconnection.Finally,we prove that our scheme can resist inside keyword guessing attack through rigorous security reduction.The experiment shows that the efficiency of RA-CKD is good enough to be practical.展开更多
Surface and groundwater are related systems. They can be used conjunctively to maximize the efficient use of available resources. Groundwater may be used to supplement surface water to cope with the irrigation demands...Surface and groundwater are related systems. They can be used conjunctively to maximize the efficient use of available resources. Groundwater may be used to supplement surface water to cope with the irrigation demands to meet the deficits in low rainfall periods. The parameters involved in the present study are groundwater availability, surface water availability, water requirement of crops and crop area. The inclusion of such uncertain parameters leads to accept the decision making process beyond the consideration of economic benefits. In the present study, an irrigation planning model is formulated by considering the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. The resources in the present model, i.e. the area, surface water and groundwater availability are represented by fuzzy set. The linear membership function is used to fuzzify the objective function and resources. The model is applied to a case study of Jayakwadi project and solved for maximization of the degree of satisfaction (l) which is 0.546.展开更多
In the present study, a Linear Programming (LP) model is developed for the conjunctive use of surface water and ground water to obtain the optimal operating policy for a multipurpose single reservoir. The objective of...In the present study, a Linear Programming (LP) model is developed for the conjunctive use of surface water and ground water to obtain the optimal operating policy for a multipurpose single reservoir. The objective of the present study is to maximize the net benefit from the command area under consideration. The constraints imposed on the objective function are maximum and minimum irrigation demands, reservoir storages and canal capacity. The model takes into account the continuity constraint which includes inflows in to the reservoir, releases for irrigation, releases for hydro-power generation, evaporation losses, feeder canal releases, initial and final storages in the reservoir in each time period. The developed model is applied to the case study of Jayakwadi reservoir stage-I, built across river Godavari, Maharashtra, India. Initially the model is solved for the availability of surface water which results in net benefit of 3373.45 million rupees with irrigation intensity is 57.07%. Next the model solved by considering the availability of surface water and available potential of groundwater in the area, which results in net benefits of 3590.02 million rupees with an intensity of irrigation 58.48%. The present model takes in to account the socio-economic requirement of growing the essential crops to meet the requirement of the society. The model has also generated the canal wise optimal releases for irrigation and power, monthly utilization of groundwater, storages in the reservoir at the end of every month and corresponding head over the turbine.展开更多
In this study, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in the Maraghe area was investigated. The objective function used for the overall conjunctive use model was maximizing sum of relative yields of crops in the c...In this study, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in the Maraghe area was investigated. The objective function used for the overall conjunctive use model was maximizing sum of relative yields of crops in the command area. Declining groundwater levels was selected as criteria of groundwater limitation. The simulation was done for four years and began by a dry year to normal year. GMS software was used to simulate groundwater aquifer. In this model, different well discharges in the study area for different scenarios were used and decline in groundwater level at the end of simulation time was calculated. In order to model surface water and calculate the objective function, a program in Visual Basic was developed. Two types of scenario, annual and seasonal, were defined by specifying the ratio of the allocation of surface water to that of groundwater pumping at the crop level for entire irrigated area. For different scenarios, declining groundwater levels and objective functions were calculated. With attention to maximize objective function that the water table drawdown is not greater than the limited criterion, the best scenario was obtained. In annual scenarios, The results showed that in scenario of 75 - 25 (75% surface water to 25% groundwater), the purpose function rate was 12.2 and water table draw down was 2.6, which was lower than allowable limitation. Therefore, it was chosen as a selective scenario. Also in seasonal scenarios, The best scenario was chosen 100-40-60 (the percentage of surface water share in spring, summer and fall & winter respectively), which amount of purpose function was 12.57 and the water table draw down was around 3 m at the end of the simulation period.展开更多
To address the issue of rule premise combination explosion in the construction of the traditional complete conjunctive belief rule base(BRB),this paper introduces an orthogonal design method to reduce the conjunctive ...To address the issue of rule premise combination explosion in the construction of the traditional complete conjunctive belief rule base(BRB),this paper introduces an orthogonal design method to reduce the conjunctive BRB.The reasoning method based on reduced conjunctive BRB is designed with the help of the conversion technology from conjunctive BRB to disjunctive BRB.Finally,the operational mission effectiveness evaluation is taken as an example to verify the proposed method.The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.展开更多
Uncertainty in determining optimum conjunctive water use lies not only on variability of hydrological cycle and climate but also on lack of adequate data and perfect knowledge about groundwater-surface water system in...Uncertainty in determining optimum conjunctive water use lies not only on variability of hydrological cycle and climate but also on lack of adequate data and perfect knowledge about groundwater-surface water system interactions, errors in historic data and inherent variability of system parameters both in space and time. Simulation-optimization models are used for conjunctive water use management under uncertain conditions. However, direct application of such approach whereby all realizations are considered at every-iteration of the optimization process leads to a highly computational time-consuming optimization problem as the number of realizations increases. Hence, this study proposes a novel approach—a Retrospective Optimization Approximation (ROA) approach. In this approach, a simulation model was used to determine aquifer system responses (draw-downs) which were assembled as response matrices and incorporated in the optimization model (procedure) as coefficients in the constraints. The sample optimization sub-problems generated, were solved and analyzed through ROA-Active-Set procedure implemented under MATLAB code. The ROA-Active Set procedure solves and evaluates a sequence of sample path optimization sub-problems in an increasing number of realizations. The methodology was applied to a real-world conjunctive water use management problem found in Great Letaba River basin, South Africa. In the River basin, surface water source contributes 87% of the existing un-optimized total conjunctive water use withdrawal rate (6512.04 m<sup>3</sup>/day) and the remaining 13% is contributed by groundwater source. Through ROA approach, results indicate that the optimum percentages contribution of the surface and subsurface sources to the total water demand are 58% and 42% respectively. This implies that the existing percentage contribution can be increased or reduced by ±29% that is groundwater source can be increased by 29% while the surface water source contribution can be reduced by 29%. This reveals that the existing conjunctive water use practice is unsustainable wherein surface water system is overstressed while groundwater system is under-utilized. Through k-means sampling technique ROA-Active Set procedure was able to attain a converged maximum expected total optimum conjunctive water use withdrawal rate of 4.35 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/day within a relatively few numbers of iterations (6 to 8 iterations) in about 2.30 Hrs. In conclusion, results demonstrated that ROA approach is capable of managing real-world regional aquifers sustainable conjunctive water use practice under hydro-geological uncertainty conditions.展开更多
In illustrating how to write good English composition,it's unavoidably to talk how to write good sentence which leads to the right kind of English for formal writing.Good sentences must have emphasis and variety.W...In illustrating how to write good English composition,it's unavoidably to talk how to write good sentence which leads to the right kind of English for formal writing.Good sentences must have emphasis and variety.Writing will be very tedious if full of sentences with similar structures;good articles are typically those in which sentences are varied in structure and the main ideas supporting the article are given the right prominence.Professional writers vary the subject-verb-object pattern with other grammatical sentence structures.A simple guideline for good sentence variety would be 50% subject-verb-object sentence openers and 50% other grammatical sentence opener forms.This article will give comments on conjunctive adverbs,also called adverbial conjunctions which can be used to join sentences of equal importance.Second,the article will discuss the use of frequently used conjunctive adverbs;finally this article will explain conjunctive adverbs to be used in sentence beginning and in mid sentences.Try conjunctive adverbs to add spice to your writing.展开更多
Searchable symmetric encryption(SSE)has been introduced for secure outsourcing the encrypted database to cloud storage,while maintaining searchable features.Of various SSE schemes,most of them assume the server is hon...Searchable symmetric encryption(SSE)has been introduced for secure outsourcing the encrypted database to cloud storage,while maintaining searchable features.Of various SSE schemes,most of them assume the server is honest but curious,while the server may be trustless in the real world.Considering a malicious server not honestly performing the queries,verifiable SSE(VSSE)schemes are constructed to ensure the verifiability of the search results.However,existing VSSE constructions only focus on single-keyword search or incur heavy computational cost during verification.To address this challenge,we present an efficient VSSE scheme,built on OXT protocol(Cash et al.,CRYPTO 2013),for conjunctive keyword queries with sublinear search overhead.The proposed VSSE scheme is based on a privacy-preserving hash-based accumulator,by leveraging a well-established cryptographic primitive,Symmetric Hidden Vector Encryption(SHVE).Our VSSE scheme enables both correctness and completeness verifiability for the result without pairing operations,thus greatly reducing the computational cost in the verification process.Besides,the proposed VSSE scheme can still provide a proof when the search result is empty.Finally,the security analysis and experimental evaluation are given to demonstrate the security and practicality of the proposed scheme.展开更多
Purpose-The study aims to enhance the detection and classification of conjunctival eye diseases’severity through the development of ConjunctiveNet,an innovative deep learning framework.This model incorporates advance...Purpose-The study aims to enhance the detection and classification of conjunctival eye diseases’severity through the development of ConjunctiveNet,an innovative deep learning framework.This model incorporates advanced preprocessing techniques and utilizes a modified Otsu’s method for improved image segmentation,aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in healthcare settings.Design/methodology/approach-ConjunctiveNet employs a convolutional neural network(CNN)enhanced through transfer learning.The methodology integrates rescaling,normalization,Gaussian blur filtering and contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)for preprocessing.The segmentation employs a novel modified Otsu’s method.The framework’s effectiveness is compared against five pretrained CNN architectures including AlexNet,ResNet-50,ResNet-152,VGG-19 and DenseNet-201.Findings-The study finds that ConjunctiveNet significantly outperforms existing models in accuracy for detecting various severity stages of conjunctival eye conditions.The model demonstrated superior performance in classifying four distinct severity stages-initial,moderate,high,severe and a healthy stage-offering a reliable tool for enhancing screening and diagnosis processes in ophthalmology.Originality/value-ConjunctiveNet represents a significant advancement in the automated diagnosis of eye diseases,particularly conjunctivitis.Its originality lies in the integration of modified Otsu’s method for segmentation and its comprehensive preprocessing approach,which collectively enhance its diagnostic capabilities.This framework offers substantial value to the field by improving the accuracy and efficiency of conjunctival disease severity classification,thus aiding in better healthcare delivery.展开更多
Linking words,also called transition words,are quite useful in English expressions.Linking words are not the same as conjunctions,although some conjunctions can function as linking words.Here's a clear explanation...Linking words,also called transition words,are quite useful in English expressions.Linking words are not the same as conjunctions,although some conjunctions can function as linking words.Here's a clear explanation for English learners,followed by a wellorganized passage on the functions of linking words in writing and communication.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the factors influencing meibomian gland atrophy(MGA)in children with allergic conjunctivitis(AC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,60 children with AC aged 6-17y and 20 age-matched children with...AIM:To investigate the factors influencing meibomian gland atrophy(MGA)in children with allergic conjunctivitis(AC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,60 children with AC aged 6-17y and 20 age-matched children without signs or symptoms of ocular surface dysfunction were included.Information on the duration of AC,untreated time,electronic screen time(EST),outdoor exercise time,body mass index(BMI),and frequency of eye rubbing was collected using a health history form.The Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness(SPEED)score was used for dry eye assessment.Images of the meibomian glands(MGs)were obtained using Keratograph 5M,and the rate of meibomian gland atrophy(MGAR)was calculated using Image J.All subjects underwent routine eye examinations.RESULTS:The average age of the AC group was 10.43±2.75y(range 6-17y)and 10.35±3.42y(range 6-14y)in the control group.The MGAR in the AC group was 33.42%±11.91%,significantly higher than that in the control group(18.10%±11.74%,P<0.001).Moreover,the MGAR in younger children(aged 12 and below)was significantly higher than in older children(P<0.05).Multi-factor linear regression analysis revealed that EST non-projector was a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.332,95%CI 0.04-0.22,P=0.004),while outdoor exercise time was a protective factor against MGAR(β=-0.407,95%CI-0.39 to-0.10,P=0.001).The untreated time of AC was identified as a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.24,95%CI 0.07-1.98,P=0.037),and the frequency of eye rubbing was associated with MG distortion score(P=0.00).CONCLUSION:Children with AC exhibit exacerbate MGA,with the degree of atrophy worsening as the untreated time of AC prolongs.Children under 12 years old show a higher MGAR,and EST non-projector negatively impacts MGA,while increased outdoor exercise time acts as a protective factor against MGA.展开更多
Viral infections of the ocular surface significantly contribute to morbidity and visual impairment globally.The herpes simplex virus(HSV),adenovirus,cytomegalovirus(CMV),and human papillomavirus(HPV)are predominant pa...Viral infections of the ocular surface significantly contribute to morbidity and visual impairment globally.The herpes simplex virus(HSV),adenovirus,cytomegalovirus(CMV),and human papillomavirus(HPV)are predominant pathogens impacting the cornea and conjunctiva,resulting in recurrent illness,epidemic outbreaks,and virus-associated neoplasia.Progress in virology,immunology,and molecular diagnostics has enhanced comprehension of host–virus interactions and introduced novel therapeutic opportunities.A narrative literature review was performed utilizing PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,encompassing papers published from 2000 to 2025,with a specific focus on research from 2020 onwards.Eligible publications were peer-reviewed clinical and experimental investigations,together with reviews that focused on epidemiology,etiology,diagnostic methodologies,and therapeutic alternatives.Research indicates that HSV keratitis is the predominant infectious cause of corneal blindness in high-income nations,although adenovirus persists in instigating epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis in the absence of licensed antiviral treatments.CMV keratitis,previously confined to immunocompromised persons,is now acknowledged in immunocompetent patients as a causative agent of corneal endotheliitis.HPV is associated with ocular surface squamous neoplasia,especially in areas with elevated ultraviolet exposure and high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence.Innovative molecular diagnostics,innovative antiviral agents,immunomodulatory approaches,and immunization initiatives signify significant progress that could enhance preventative and therapeutic results.展开更多
This study investigates the transmission dynamics of conjunctivitis using stochastic delay differential equations(SDDEs).A delayed stochastic model is formulated by dividing the population into five distinct compartme...This study investigates the transmission dynamics of conjunctivitis using stochastic delay differential equations(SDDEs).A delayed stochastic model is formulated by dividing the population into five distinct compartments:susceptible,exposed,infected,environmental irritants,and recovered individuals.The model undergoes thorough analytical examination,addressing key dynamical properties including positivity,boundedness,existence,and uniqueness of solutions.Local and global stability around the equilibrium points is studied with respect to the basic reproduction number.The existence of a unique global positive solution for the stochastic delayed model is established.In addition,a stochastic nonstandard finite difference scheme is developed,which is shown to be dynamically consistent and convergent toward the equilibrium states.The scheme preserves the essential qualitative features of the model and demonstrates improved performance when compared to existing numerical methods.Finally,the impact of time delays and stochastic fluctuations on the susceptible and infected populations is analyzed.展开更多
The landscape of ophthalmology has obser ved monumental shifts with the advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies.This article is devoted to elaborating on the nuanced application of AI in the diagnostic realm...The landscape of ophthalmology has obser ved monumental shifts with the advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies.This article is devoted to elaborating on the nuanced application of AI in the diagnostic realm of anterior segment eye diseases,an area ripe with potential yet complex in its imaging characteristics.Historically,AI’s entrenchment in ophthalmology was predominantly rooted in the posterior segment.However,the evolution of machine learning paradigms,particularly with the advent of deep learning methodologies,has reframed the focus.When combined with the exponential surge in available electronic image data pertaining to the anterior segment,AI’s role in diagnosing corneal,conjunctival,lens,and eyelid pathologies has been solidified and has emerged from the realm of theoretical to practical.In light of this transformative potential,collaborations between the Ophthalmic Imaging and Intelligent Medicine Subcommittee of the China Medical Education Association and the Ophthalmology Committee of the International Translational Medicine Association have been instrumental.These eminent bodies mobilized a consortium of experts to dissect and assimilate advancements from both national and international quarters.Their mandate was not limited to AI’s application in anterior segment pathologies like the cornea,conjunctiva,lens,and eyelids,but also ventured into deciphering the existing impediments and envisioning future trajectories.After iterative deliberations,the consensus synthesized herein serves as a touchstone,assisting ophthalmologists in optimally integrating AI into their diagnostic decisions and bolstering clinical research.Through this guideline,we aspire to offer a comprehensive framework,ensuring that clinical decisions are not merely informed but transformed by AI.By building upon existing literature yet maintaining the highest standards of originality,this document stands as a testament to both innovation and academic integrity,in line with the ethos of renowned journals such as Ophthalmology.展开更多
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of bloodletting at Erjian（耳尖EX- HN 6） combined with traditional Chinese herbal medication （heat-clearing I recipe） ultrasonic atomization in treatment of acute catarrha...Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of bloodletting at Erjian（耳尖EX- HN 6） combined with traditional Chinese herbal medication （heat-clearing I recipe） ultrasonic atomization in treatment of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis （fulminant wind and invading fever）. Method One hundred and twenty- two patients （244 eyes） were randomly divided into 3 groups. In group A （40 cases, 80 eyes）, levofloxacin hydrochloride eye drops were administrated for four times per day; in group B （42 cases, 84 eyes）, ＂heat-clearing I recipe＂ ultrasonic atomization was applied for twice per day with 20 rain for each time; and in group C （40 cases, 80 eyes）, bloodletting at EX-HN 6 was applied before ultrasonic atomization on the first 3 days of treatment, with once per day. Result （1） The total effective rate of group C was 100.00% which was significantly superior to 88.75% in group A （P〈0.05）; （2） the average course of treatment of clinical cured patients of group C was significantly shorter than those of group A and group B （P〈0.05）. Conclusion It is indicated from this study that ＂heat-clearing I recipe＂ ultrasonic atomization combined with bloodletting at EX-HN 6 in treatment of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis （fulminant wind and invading fever） have definite efficacy, its clinical efficacy is significantly superior to traditional levofloxacin treatment, and its course of treatment is obviously shorter than that of simple traditional Chinese medicine ultrasonic atomization. Cold ultrasonic atomization can effectively relieve local burning sensation, obviously relieve reddening and swelling and heat pain of patients, and ease subjective discomfort and emotional tension of patients.展开更多
In shallow groundwater agricultural fields, water exchanges between groundwater and soil water happen frequently and intensively. This paper analyzes the regale of subsurface water during the growing period of winter...In shallow groundwater agricultural fields, water exchanges between groundwater and soil water happen frequently and intensively. This paper analyzes the regale of subsurface water during the growing period of winter wheat from October 1998 to June 1999 in Yucheng area. During an 8- month period of winter wheat growth. 456.66 mm of evapotranspiration and 75.61mm of groundwater evaporation were measured with a new model lysimeter. Groundwater at 1.60-2.40 m depth of water tables contributed 16.6% of total water used by winter wheat under natural. precipitation and irrigation treatment.The results showed that a significant proportion of field evapotranspiration was supplied by groundwater evaporation, whereas the role of groundwater evaporation was not considered during irrigation, leading to soil water percolation into groundwater.In order to improve water use efficiency of crops, some measures were put forward in the paper. Effective use of groundwater and soil water is a key countermeasure for sustainable development of water-saving agriculture and Water resource exploitation in Yucheng area展开更多
基金supported in part by the Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(202202AD080013)King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Group Project under grant number RGP.2/373/45.
文摘Data privacy leakage has always been a critical concern in cloud-based Internet of Things(IoT)systems.Dynamic Symmetric Searchable Encryption(DSSE)with forward and backward privacy aims to address this issue by enabling updates and retrievals of ciphertext on untrusted cloud server while ensuring data privacy.However,previous research on DSSE mostly focused on single keyword search,which limits its practical application in cloud-based IoT systems.Recently,Patranabis(NDSS 2021)[1]proposed a groundbreaking DSSE scheme for conjunctive keyword search.However,this scheme fails to effectively handle deletion operations in certain circumstances,resulting in inaccurate query results.Additionally,the scheme introduces unnecessary search overhead.To overcome these problems,we present CKSE,an efficient conjunctive keyword DSSE scheme.Our scheme improves the oblivious shared computation protocol used in the scheme of Patranabis,thus enabling a more comprehensive deletion functionality.Furthermore,we introduce a state chain structure to reduce the search overhead.Through security analysis and experimental evaluation,we demonstrate that our CKSE achieves more comprehensive deletion functionality while maintaining comparable search performance and security,compared to the oblivious dynamic cross-tags protocol of Patranabis.The combination of comprehensive functionality,high efficiency,and security makes our CKSE an ideal choice for deployment in cloud-based IoT systems.
文摘Shortages in water resources and the fragile ecosystem by coal-mine water affect the Yulin coal-mine base in northwest China, so taking coal-mine water into account is an important issue for the sustainable management of water resources. This paper aims to explore how the Yulin coal-mine base can improve its conjunctive utilization of water resources. Integrated utilization is proposed by establishing a multi-objective, multi-water-source, optimal-allocation model;setting up an integrated information platform;and giving very useful measures and policy suggestions to the local government. Finally, this research can also serve as an example of integrated water utilization for other energy bases.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62072240)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB1804604).
文摘With the rapid development of wireless communication technology,the Internet of Things is playing an increasingly important role in our everyday.The amount of data generated by sensor devices is increasing as a large number of connectable devices are deployed in many fields,including the medical,agricultural,and industrial areas.Uploading data to the cloud solves the problem of data overhead but results in privacy issues.Therefore,the question of how to manage the privacy of uploading data and make it available to be interconnected between devices is a crucial issue.In this paper,we propose a scheme that supports real-time authentication with conjunctive keyword detection(RA-CKD),this scheme can realize the interconnection of encrypted data between devices while ensuring some measure of privacy for both encrypted data and detection tokens.Through authentication technology,connected devices can both authenticate each other’s identity and prevent malicious adversaries from interfering with device interconnection.Finally,we prove that our scheme can resist inside keyword guessing attack through rigorous security reduction.The experiment shows that the efficiency of RA-CKD is good enough to be practical.
文摘Surface and groundwater are related systems. They can be used conjunctively to maximize the efficient use of available resources. Groundwater may be used to supplement surface water to cope with the irrigation demands to meet the deficits in low rainfall periods. The parameters involved in the present study are groundwater availability, surface water availability, water requirement of crops and crop area. The inclusion of such uncertain parameters leads to accept the decision making process beyond the consideration of economic benefits. In the present study, an irrigation planning model is formulated by considering the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater. The resources in the present model, i.e. the area, surface water and groundwater availability are represented by fuzzy set. The linear membership function is used to fuzzify the objective function and resources. The model is applied to a case study of Jayakwadi project and solved for maximization of the degree of satisfaction (l) which is 0.546.
文摘In the present study, a Linear Programming (LP) model is developed for the conjunctive use of surface water and ground water to obtain the optimal operating policy for a multipurpose single reservoir. The objective of the present study is to maximize the net benefit from the command area under consideration. The constraints imposed on the objective function are maximum and minimum irrigation demands, reservoir storages and canal capacity. The model takes into account the continuity constraint which includes inflows in to the reservoir, releases for irrigation, releases for hydro-power generation, evaporation losses, feeder canal releases, initial and final storages in the reservoir in each time period. The developed model is applied to the case study of Jayakwadi reservoir stage-I, built across river Godavari, Maharashtra, India. Initially the model is solved for the availability of surface water which results in net benefit of 3373.45 million rupees with irrigation intensity is 57.07%. Next the model solved by considering the availability of surface water and available potential of groundwater in the area, which results in net benefits of 3590.02 million rupees with an intensity of irrigation 58.48%. The present model takes in to account the socio-economic requirement of growing the essential crops to meet the requirement of the society. The model has also generated the canal wise optimal releases for irrigation and power, monthly utilization of groundwater, storages in the reservoir at the end of every month and corresponding head over the turbine.
文摘In this study, conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in the Maraghe area was investigated. The objective function used for the overall conjunctive use model was maximizing sum of relative yields of crops in the command area. Declining groundwater levels was selected as criteria of groundwater limitation. The simulation was done for four years and began by a dry year to normal year. GMS software was used to simulate groundwater aquifer. In this model, different well discharges in the study area for different scenarios were used and decline in groundwater level at the end of simulation time was calculated. In order to model surface water and calculate the objective function, a program in Visual Basic was developed. Two types of scenario, annual and seasonal, were defined by specifying the ratio of the allocation of surface water to that of groundwater pumping at the crop level for entire irrigated area. For different scenarios, declining groundwater levels and objective functions were calculated. With attention to maximize objective function that the water table drawdown is not greater than the limited criterion, the best scenario was obtained. In annual scenarios, The results showed that in scenario of 75 - 25 (75% surface water to 25% groundwater), the purpose function rate was 12.2 and water table draw down was 2.6, which was lower than allowable limitation. Therefore, it was chosen as a selective scenario. Also in seasonal scenarios, The best scenario was chosen 100-40-60 (the percentage of surface water share in spring, summer and fall & winter respectively), which amount of purpose function was 12.57 and the water table draw down was around 3 m at the end of the simulation period.
基金supported by the Military Scientific Research Program(41401020301).
文摘To address the issue of rule premise combination explosion in the construction of the traditional complete conjunctive belief rule base(BRB),this paper introduces an orthogonal design method to reduce the conjunctive BRB.The reasoning method based on reduced conjunctive BRB is designed with the help of the conversion technology from conjunctive BRB to disjunctive BRB.Finally,the operational mission effectiveness evaluation is taken as an example to verify the proposed method.The results show that the method proposed in this paper is feasible and effective.
文摘Uncertainty in determining optimum conjunctive water use lies not only on variability of hydrological cycle and climate but also on lack of adequate data and perfect knowledge about groundwater-surface water system interactions, errors in historic data and inherent variability of system parameters both in space and time. Simulation-optimization models are used for conjunctive water use management under uncertain conditions. However, direct application of such approach whereby all realizations are considered at every-iteration of the optimization process leads to a highly computational time-consuming optimization problem as the number of realizations increases. Hence, this study proposes a novel approach—a Retrospective Optimization Approximation (ROA) approach. In this approach, a simulation model was used to determine aquifer system responses (draw-downs) which were assembled as response matrices and incorporated in the optimization model (procedure) as coefficients in the constraints. The sample optimization sub-problems generated, were solved and analyzed through ROA-Active-Set procedure implemented under MATLAB code. The ROA-Active Set procedure solves and evaluates a sequence of sample path optimization sub-problems in an increasing number of realizations. The methodology was applied to a real-world conjunctive water use management problem found in Great Letaba River basin, South Africa. In the River basin, surface water source contributes 87% of the existing un-optimized total conjunctive water use withdrawal rate (6512.04 m<sup>3</sup>/day) and the remaining 13% is contributed by groundwater source. Through ROA approach, results indicate that the optimum percentages contribution of the surface and subsurface sources to the total water demand are 58% and 42% respectively. This implies that the existing percentage contribution can be increased or reduced by ±29% that is groundwater source can be increased by 29% while the surface water source contribution can be reduced by 29%. This reveals that the existing conjunctive water use practice is unsustainable wherein surface water system is overstressed while groundwater system is under-utilized. Through k-means sampling technique ROA-Active Set procedure was able to attain a converged maximum expected total optimum conjunctive water use withdrawal rate of 4.35 × 10<sup>4</sup> m<sup>3</sup>/day within a relatively few numbers of iterations (6 to 8 iterations) in about 2.30 Hrs. In conclusion, results demonstrated that ROA approach is capable of managing real-world regional aquifers sustainable conjunctive water use practice under hydro-geological uncertainty conditions.
文摘In illustrating how to write good English composition,it's unavoidably to talk how to write good sentence which leads to the right kind of English for formal writing.Good sentences must have emphasis and variety.Writing will be very tedious if full of sentences with similar structures;good articles are typically those in which sentences are varied in structure and the main ideas supporting the article are given the right prominence.Professional writers vary the subject-verb-object pattern with other grammatical sentence structures.A simple guideline for good sentence variety would be 50% subject-verb-object sentence openers and 50% other grammatical sentence opener forms.This article will give comments on conjunctive adverbs,also called adverbial conjunctions which can be used to join sentences of equal importance.Second,the article will discuss the use of frequently used conjunctive adverbs;finally this article will explain conjunctive adverbs to be used in sentence beginning and in mid sentences.Try conjunctive adverbs to add spice to your writing.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61932010 and 62072357)the Zhuhai Top Discipline-Information Securitysupported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC)and the Australian Research Council (ARC).
文摘Searchable symmetric encryption(SSE)has been introduced for secure outsourcing the encrypted database to cloud storage,while maintaining searchable features.Of various SSE schemes,most of them assume the server is honest but curious,while the server may be trustless in the real world.Considering a malicious server not honestly performing the queries,verifiable SSE(VSSE)schemes are constructed to ensure the verifiability of the search results.However,existing VSSE constructions only focus on single-keyword search or incur heavy computational cost during verification.To address this challenge,we present an efficient VSSE scheme,built on OXT protocol(Cash et al.,CRYPTO 2013),for conjunctive keyword queries with sublinear search overhead.The proposed VSSE scheme is based on a privacy-preserving hash-based accumulator,by leveraging a well-established cryptographic primitive,Symmetric Hidden Vector Encryption(SHVE).Our VSSE scheme enables both correctness and completeness verifiability for the result without pairing operations,thus greatly reducing the computational cost in the verification process.Besides,the proposed VSSE scheme can still provide a proof when the search result is empty.Finally,the security analysis and experimental evaluation are given to demonstrate the security and practicality of the proposed scheme.
文摘Purpose-The study aims to enhance the detection and classification of conjunctival eye diseases’severity through the development of ConjunctiveNet,an innovative deep learning framework.This model incorporates advanced preprocessing techniques and utilizes a modified Otsu’s method for improved image segmentation,aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in healthcare settings.Design/methodology/approach-ConjunctiveNet employs a convolutional neural network(CNN)enhanced through transfer learning.The methodology integrates rescaling,normalization,Gaussian blur filtering and contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization(CLAHE)for preprocessing.The segmentation employs a novel modified Otsu’s method.The framework’s effectiveness is compared against five pretrained CNN architectures including AlexNet,ResNet-50,ResNet-152,VGG-19 and DenseNet-201.Findings-The study finds that ConjunctiveNet significantly outperforms existing models in accuracy for detecting various severity stages of conjunctival eye conditions.The model demonstrated superior performance in classifying four distinct severity stages-initial,moderate,high,severe and a healthy stage-offering a reliable tool for enhancing screening and diagnosis processes in ophthalmology.Originality/value-ConjunctiveNet represents a significant advancement in the automated diagnosis of eye diseases,particularly conjunctivitis.Its originality lies in the integration of modified Otsu’s method for segmentation and its comprehensive preprocessing approach,which collectively enhance its diagnostic capabilities.This framework offers substantial value to the field by improving the accuracy and efficiency of conjunctival disease severity classification,thus aiding in better healthcare delivery.
文摘Linking words,also called transition words,are quite useful in English expressions.Linking words are not the same as conjunctions,although some conjunctions can function as linking words.Here's a clear explanation for English learners,followed by a wellorganized passage on the functions of linking words in writing and communication.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Zhejiang Province(No.LGD22H120002).
文摘AIM:To investigate the factors influencing meibomian gland atrophy(MGA)in children with allergic conjunctivitis(AC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,60 children with AC aged 6-17y and 20 age-matched children without signs or symptoms of ocular surface dysfunction were included.Information on the duration of AC,untreated time,electronic screen time(EST),outdoor exercise time,body mass index(BMI),and frequency of eye rubbing was collected using a health history form.The Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness(SPEED)score was used for dry eye assessment.Images of the meibomian glands(MGs)were obtained using Keratograph 5M,and the rate of meibomian gland atrophy(MGAR)was calculated using Image J.All subjects underwent routine eye examinations.RESULTS:The average age of the AC group was 10.43±2.75y(range 6-17y)and 10.35±3.42y(range 6-14y)in the control group.The MGAR in the AC group was 33.42%±11.91%,significantly higher than that in the control group(18.10%±11.74%,P<0.001).Moreover,the MGAR in younger children(aged 12 and below)was significantly higher than in older children(P<0.05).Multi-factor linear regression analysis revealed that EST non-projector was a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.332,95%CI 0.04-0.22,P=0.004),while outdoor exercise time was a protective factor against MGAR(β=-0.407,95%CI-0.39 to-0.10,P=0.001).The untreated time of AC was identified as a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.24,95%CI 0.07-1.98,P=0.037),and the frequency of eye rubbing was associated with MG distortion score(P=0.00).CONCLUSION:Children with AC exhibit exacerbate MGA,with the degree of atrophy worsening as the untreated time of AC prolongs.Children under 12 years old show a higher MGAR,and EST non-projector negatively impacts MGA,while increased outdoor exercise time acts as a protective factor against MGA.
文摘Viral infections of the ocular surface significantly contribute to morbidity and visual impairment globally.The herpes simplex virus(HSV),adenovirus,cytomegalovirus(CMV),and human papillomavirus(HPV)are predominant pathogens impacting the cornea and conjunctiva,resulting in recurrent illness,epidemic outbreaks,and virus-associated neoplasia.Progress in virology,immunology,and molecular diagnostics has enhanced comprehension of host–virus interactions and introduced novel therapeutic opportunities.A narrative literature review was performed utilizing PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science,encompassing papers published from 2000 to 2025,with a specific focus on research from 2020 onwards.Eligible publications were peer-reviewed clinical and experimental investigations,together with reviews that focused on epidemiology,etiology,diagnostic methodologies,and therapeutic alternatives.Research indicates that HSV keratitis is the predominant infectious cause of corneal blindness in high-income nations,although adenovirus persists in instigating epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis in the absence of licensed antiviral treatments.CMV keratitis,previously confined to immunocompromised persons,is now acknowledged in immunocompetent patients as a causative agent of corneal endotheliitis.HPV is associated with ocular surface squamous neoplasia,especially in areas with elevated ultraviolet exposure and high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence.Innovative molecular diagnostics,innovative antiviral agents,immunomodulatory approaches,and immunization initiatives signify significant progress that could enhance preventative and therapeutic results.
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R899)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabiasupported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia(KFU252831)。
文摘This study investigates the transmission dynamics of conjunctivitis using stochastic delay differential equations(SDDEs).A delayed stochastic model is formulated by dividing the population into five distinct compartments:susceptible,exposed,infected,environmental irritants,and recovered individuals.The model undergoes thorough analytical examination,addressing key dynamical properties including positivity,boundedness,existence,and uniqueness of solutions.Local and global stability around the equilibrium points is studied with respect to the basic reproduction number.The existence of a unique global positive solution for the stochastic delayed model is established.In addition,a stochastic nonstandard finite difference scheme is developed,which is shown to be dynamically consistent and convergent toward the equilibrium states.The scheme preserves the essential qualitative features of the model and demonstrates improved performance when compared to existing numerical methods.Finally,the impact of time delays and stochastic fluctuations on the susceptible and infected populations is analyzed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195,No.81800804,No.82201148)Jiangxi Province Double Thousand Plan Technology Innovation High-end Leading Talent Project(No.jxsq2023201036)+1 种基金Jiangxi Province Major(Key)R&D Special Plan(No.20223BBH80014,No.20181BBG70004,No.20203BBG73059)Jiangxi Province Outstanding Youth Fund(No.20192BCBL23020).
文摘The landscape of ophthalmology has obser ved monumental shifts with the advent of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies.This article is devoted to elaborating on the nuanced application of AI in the diagnostic realm of anterior segment eye diseases,an area ripe with potential yet complex in its imaging characteristics.Historically,AI’s entrenchment in ophthalmology was predominantly rooted in the posterior segment.However,the evolution of machine learning paradigms,particularly with the advent of deep learning methodologies,has reframed the focus.When combined with the exponential surge in available electronic image data pertaining to the anterior segment,AI’s role in diagnosing corneal,conjunctival,lens,and eyelid pathologies has been solidified and has emerged from the realm of theoretical to practical.In light of this transformative potential,collaborations between the Ophthalmic Imaging and Intelligent Medicine Subcommittee of the China Medical Education Association and the Ophthalmology Committee of the International Translational Medicine Association have been instrumental.These eminent bodies mobilized a consortium of experts to dissect and assimilate advancements from both national and international quarters.Their mandate was not limited to AI’s application in anterior segment pathologies like the cornea,conjunctiva,lens,and eyelids,but also ventured into deciphering the existing impediments and envisioning future trajectories.After iterative deliberations,the consensus synthesized herein serves as a touchstone,assisting ophthalmologists in optimally integrating AI into their diagnostic decisions and bolstering clinical research.Through this guideline,we aspire to offer a comprehensive framework,ensuring that clinical decisions are not merely informed but transformed by AI.By building upon existing literature yet maintaining the highest standards of originality,this document stands as a testament to both innovation and academic integrity,in line with the ethos of renowned journals such as Ophthalmology.
文摘Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of bloodletting at Erjian（耳尖EX- HN 6） combined with traditional Chinese herbal medication （heat-clearing I recipe） ultrasonic atomization in treatment of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis （fulminant wind and invading fever）. Method One hundred and twenty- two patients （244 eyes） were randomly divided into 3 groups. In group A （40 cases, 80 eyes）, levofloxacin hydrochloride eye drops were administrated for four times per day; in group B （42 cases, 84 eyes）, ＂heat-clearing I recipe＂ ultrasonic atomization was applied for twice per day with 20 rain for each time; and in group C （40 cases, 80 eyes）, bloodletting at EX-HN 6 was applied before ultrasonic atomization on the first 3 days of treatment, with once per day. Result （1） The total effective rate of group C was 100.00% which was significantly superior to 88.75% in group A （P〈0.05）; （2） the average course of treatment of clinical cured patients of group C was significantly shorter than those of group A and group B （P〈0.05）. Conclusion It is indicated from this study that ＂heat-clearing I recipe＂ ultrasonic atomization combined with bloodletting at EX-HN 6 in treatment of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis （fulminant wind and invading fever） have definite efficacy, its clinical efficacy is significantly superior to traditional levofloxacin treatment, and its course of treatment is obviously shorter than that of simple traditional Chinese medicine ultrasonic atomization. Cold ultrasonic atomization can effectively relieve local burning sensation, obviously relieve reddening and swelling and heat pain of patients, and ease subjective discomfort and emotional tension of patients.
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China with grant number! 49890330-4-2 and 49671013
文摘In shallow groundwater agricultural fields, water exchanges between groundwater and soil water happen frequently and intensively. This paper analyzes the regale of subsurface water during the growing period of winter wheat from October 1998 to June 1999 in Yucheng area. During an 8- month period of winter wheat growth. 456.66 mm of evapotranspiration and 75.61mm of groundwater evaporation were measured with a new model lysimeter. Groundwater at 1.60-2.40 m depth of water tables contributed 16.6% of total water used by winter wheat under natural. precipitation and irrigation treatment.The results showed that a significant proportion of field evapotranspiration was supplied by groundwater evaporation, whereas the role of groundwater evaporation was not considered during irrigation, leading to soil water percolation into groundwater.In order to improve water use efficiency of crops, some measures were put forward in the paper. Effective use of groundwater and soil water is a key countermeasure for sustainable development of water-saving agriculture and Water resource exploitation in Yucheng area
