The problem of autonomy and conformity has suffered a harsh fate in pedagogy.The virtues of love,respect,honour,truthfulness,etc.play a major role in educational work,but it is mostly silent about the concepts of auto...The problem of autonomy and conformity has suffered a harsh fate in pedagogy.The virtues of love,respect,honour,truthfulness,etc.play a major role in educational work,but it is mostly silent about the concepts of autonomy and conformity.Politics are afraid of these like the devil is afraid of incense smoke.Practising teachers complain that our entire education system is weaning school principals,teachers and students from independent thinking and striving.The basic educational goal is clear:to develop autonomous young people who are strengthened in their own being and strength,and vice versa:to suppress superficial,unconvincing conformity.An old lesson:conformity can only be realistically fought with non-conformist politics and the cooperation of non-conformist teachers.展开更多
We study the influence of conformity on the evolution of cooperative behavior in games under the learning method of sampling on networks.A strategy update rule based on sampling is introduced into the stag hunt game,w...We study the influence of conformity on the evolution of cooperative behavior in games under the learning method of sampling on networks.A strategy update rule based on sampling is introduced into the stag hunt game,where agents draw samples from their neighbors and then update their strategies based on conformity or inference according to the situation in the sample.Based on these assumptions,we present the state transition equations in the dynamic evolution of population cooperation,conduct simulation analysis on lattice networks and scale-free networks,and discuss how this mechanism affects the evolution of cooperation and how cooperation evolves under different levels of conformity in the network.Our simulation results show that blindly imitating the strategies of neighbors does not necessarily lead to rapid consensus in the population.Instead,rational inference through samples can better promote the evolution of the same strategy among all agents in the population.Moreover,the simulation results also show that a smaller sample size cannot reflect the true situation of the neighbors,which has a large randomness,and the size of the benefits obtained in cooperation determines the direction of the entire population towards cooperation or defection.This work incorporates the conforming behavior of agents into the game,uses the method of sampling for strategy updates and enriches the theory of evolutionary games with a more realistic significance.展开更多
Recent advances in bone regeneration have introduced the concept of four-dimensional(4D)scaffolds that can undergo morphological and functional changes in response to external stimuli.While several studies have propos...Recent advances in bone regeneration have introduced the concept of four-dimensional(4D)scaffolds that can undergo morphological and functional changes in response to external stimuli.While several studies have proposed patient-specific designs for defect sites,they often fail to adequately distinguish the advantages of 4D scaffolds over conventional 3D counterparts.This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of 4D scaffolds in clinically challenging scenarios involving curved defects,where fixation is difficult.We proposed the use of Shape-Memory Polymers(SMPs)as a solution to address critical issues in personalized scaffold fabrication,including dimensional accuracy,measurement error,and manufacturing imprecision.Experimental results demonstrated that the Curved-Layer Fused Deposition Modeling(CLFDM)scaffold,which offers superior conformability to curved defects,achieved significantly higher interfacial contact with the defect area compared to traditional Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)scaffolds.Specifically,the CLFDM scaffold facilitated bone regeneration of 25.59±4.72 mm^(3),which is more than twice the 9.37±1.36 mm^(3)observed with the 3D FDM scaffold.Furthermore,the 4D CLFDM scaffold achieved 75.38±11.65 mm^(3)of new bone formation after four weeks,approximately three times greater than that of the 3D CLFDM scaffold,regardless of surface micro-roughness.These results underscore that improved geometrical conformity between the scaffold and the defect site enhances cellular infiltration and contributes to more effective bone regeneration.The findings also highlight the promise of 4D scaffolds as a compelling strategy to overcome geometric and dimensional mismatches in the design of patient-specific scaffolds.展开更多
This paper argues that the conformity-nonconformity dichotomy is a false dilemma.This study first critically reviews the basic philosophical,ethical,social psychological,and pedagogical literature related to the two c...This paper argues that the conformity-nonconformity dichotomy is a false dilemma.This study first critically reviews the basic philosophical,ethical,social psychological,and pedagogical literature related to the two concepts.It then outlines the way to overcome the phenomena of conformism and nonconformism together.The description of conformity and nonconformity as deprivation of freedom becomes stronger in 20th century philosophy and special literature from Heidegger through Fischer’s definition up to Cooley,and Crutchfield.Conformity is the sinking of the Self into the Anyone,the unprincipled alignment to the opinion of group mates,and nonconformity is the unprincipled resistance to it.But what is beyond conformity and nonconformity together as a group?There is a real community,in it the transformation of our pedagogical culture in a both useful and reasonable manner to allow the youth to accept the world by denying it and to deny the world by accepting it.The real community involves the virtue of goodness.Educate for goodness,because we possibly are the honest and humane man,who disregards the sinking of the self into the anyone and the self-contained rebellion.展开更多
From birth to adulthood,we often align our behaviors,attitudes,and opinions with a majority,a phenomenon known as social conformity.A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three...From birth to adulthood,we often align our behaviors,attitudes,and opinions with a majority,a phenomenon known as social conformity.A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three fundamental motives:a desire to gain more information to be accurate,to obtain social approval from others,and to maintain a favorable self-concept.Despite extensive interest in neuroimaging investigation of social conformity,the relationship between brain systems and these fundamental motivations has yet to be established.Here,we reviewed brain imaging findings of social conformity with a componential framework,aiming to reveal the neuropsychological substrates underlying different conformity motivations.First,information-seeking engages the evaluation of social information,information integration,and modification of task-related activity,corresponding to brain networks implicated in reward,cognitive control,and tasks at hand.Second,social acceptance involves the anticipation of social acceptance or rejection and mental state attribution,mediated by networks of reward,punishment,and mentalizing.Third,self-enhancement entails the excessive representation of positive self-related information and suppression of negative self-related information,ingroup favoritism and/or outgroup derogation,and elaborated mentalizing processes to the ingroup,supported by brain systems of reward,punishment,and mentalizing.Therefore,recent brain imaging studies have provided important insights into the fundamental motivations of social conformity in terms of component processes and brain mechanisms.展开更多
Individual decision-making processes are not solely driven by self-interest maximization but are also influenced by the pressure to conform to the group.In primary games like the prisoner's dilemma,the presence of...Individual decision-making processes are not solely driven by self-interest maximization but are also influenced by the pressure to conform to the group.In primary games like the prisoner's dilemma,the presence of conformity pressure may facilitate the constructive development of cooperative behavior.In this study,we investigate how conformity influences the growth of cooperation in complicated coordination games.Our findings reveal that,even in the presence of stringent game rules,conformity can promote cooperation.In fact,a certain level of conformity pressure can even eliminate the“defection basin”of deer hunting games played on regular networks.Additionally,we demonstrate that the effect of conformity on cooperative behavior is contingent upon the degree of conformity pressure,with different levels of conformity pressure producing opposite effects.These findings provide novel insights into the promotion of cooperative evolution.For instance,if increasing the reward for cooperation has proven ineffective,manipulating the proportion of initial strategy choices may be a more promising approach.展开更多
This paper has developed a single mathematical measure for the evaluation of the shape conformity of the curved garment objects such as moulded brassiere cups. The measurements are based on the sectional analysis of t...This paper has developed a single mathematical measure for the evaluation of the shape conformity of the curved garment objects such as moulded brassiere cups. The measurements are based on the sectional analysis of the fringe pattern generated by means of moire topography. They include the area ratio, shape ratio and root mean square (RMS) of the height deviation of the moulded cup from the standard shape profile. Ultimately, the RMS was found to be a satisfactory method of assessing the shape conformity and a guideline for determining a good fit from the RMS value was then derived.展开更多
Background:In today’s society,parental stress has become a prevalent and significant issue,impacting not only parents’mental health but also potentially profoundly affecting children’s growth and education.This top...Background:In today’s society,parental stress has become a prevalent and significant issue,impacting not only parents’mental health but also potentially profoundly affecting children’s growth and education.This topic has garnered continuous attention from scholars.The present study aims to delve into the relationship between parental stress and children’s behavior,particularly focusing on children’s conformity and discipline development during crucial stages.This study aims to explore the relationship between parental stress,child conformity,and resilience,and further examines the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between parental stress and child conformity.Methods:We used three scales:the Parental Stress Scale,the Child Conformity Scale,and the Resilience Scale,to survey 890 elementary school students(aged 6–12)and their parents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China.We employed SPSS 26.0 software for data analysis,conducting descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,and mediation effect tests sequentially.In the mediation effect tests,we utilized structural equation modeling(SEM)and regression analysis to examine the mediation effects,ensuring the accuracy and scientific nature of our analysis.Results:Through descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,regression models,and mediation effect tests,we found that parental stress significantly negatively predicts child conformity,while resilience shows a significant positive prediction.Further mediation analysis indicates that resilience plays a partial mediating role between parental stress and child conformity,with the mediation effect accounting for 36.67%.Conclusion:These findings highlight the importance of the family environment on child behavior and provide valuable insights and recommendations for family education practices in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Therefore,we suggest future research should further explore the complex relationships among parental stress,child conformity,and resilience,and examine regional differences to better promote children’s overall development.展开更多
Exchange rate functions under systems of centrallyplanned economy and market economy are quite different,and the mechanism to determine such exchange rate is alsodifferent. To adopt a socialist market economic system ...Exchange rate functions under systems of centrallyplanned economy and market economy are quite different,and the mechanism to determine such exchange rate is alsodifferent. To adopt a socialist market economic system inChina, the exchange rate mechanism of Renminbi must bethoroughly transformed. To accomplish this goal, I believethere are three problems that must be solved: first,展开更多
Background: Studies have shown that there are striking variations in knee morphology between Asian and Western population. However, most of the existing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants are designed to suit the ...Background: Studies have shown that there are striking variations in knee morphology between Asian and Western population. However, most of the existing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants are designed to suit the anatomy of Western population. Our study investigated anthropometry of Indian arthritic knees and compared them to international ethnic groups. Methods: Computed tomography was used to create 3D knee models and obtain anthropometric data of distal femur and proximal tibia of Indian arthritic knees. Femoral measurements included mediolateral length, medial and lateral anteroposterior length, medial and lateral condylar width and aspect ratio. Tibial measurements included mediolateral length, medial, lateral and central anteroposterior length and aspect ratio. A preoperative virtual implantation using Western TKAimplants was carried out to visualize anatomical conformity. Results: Statistical analysis results showed that Indian males had significantly larger femoral and tibial mediolateral and anteroposterior width than Indian females;however, femoral and tibial aspect ratio was similar for both. In case of females, significant difference was observed between medial and lateral condylar widths. When compared to knee anthropometry of other ethnic groups, femoral and tibial aspect ratio of Indian knees was found to be similar to the Asian population and different from the Western population. The virtual implantation showed overhang of the femoral component in both lateral and medial regions. Conclusion: Morphological mismatch between Western and Indian knees established the fact that Western implants have drawbacks when implanted in Indian patients. The study also provided a basis for designing gender-specific TKA implants for the Indian population.展开更多
This paper presents an approach for extending the constraint model defined for conformity testing of a given method of class to its overriding method in subclass using inheritance principle. The first objective of the...This paper presents an approach for extending the constraint model defined for conformity testing of a given method of class to its overriding method in subclass using inheritance principle. The first objective of the proposed work is to find the relationship between the test model of an overriding method and its overridden method using the constraint propagation. In this context the approach shows that the test cases developed for testing an original method can be used for testing its overriding method in a subclass and then the number of test cases can be reduced considerably. The second objective is the use of invalid data which do not satisfy the precondition constraint and induce valid output values for introducing a new concept of test called secure testing. The implementation of this approach is based on a random generation of test data and analysis by formal proof.展开更多
In Chinese traditional culture, ceramic culture is a very special cultural system With the advent of the era of network and the particularity of ceramic culture, Make the network native digital resources development a...In Chinese traditional culture, ceramic culture is a very special cultural system With the advent of the era of network and the particularity of ceramic culture, Make the network native digital resources development and utilization is especially important. The idea of Web3.0 make important ceramic culture network native digital resources ＂reasonable configuration＂, t o be more embody the value of academic research. In this paper, we＇ll discuss the conformity utilization of ceramic culture native digital resources based on the concept of WEB3.0.展开更多
In Chinese traditional culture, ceramic culture is a very special cultural system, With the advent of the era of network and the particularity of ceramic culture, Make the network native digital resources development ...In Chinese traditional culture, ceramic culture is a very special cultural system, With the advent of the era of network and the particularity of ceramic culture, Make the network native digital resources development and utilization is especially important. The idea of Web3.0 make important ceramic culture network native digital resources ＂reasonable configuration＂, t o be more embody the value of academic research. In this paper, we＇ll discuss the conformity utilization of ceramic culture native digital resources based on the concept of WEB3.0.展开更多
Sustainability of common-pool resources hinges on the interplay between human and environmental systems.However,there is still a lack of a novel and comprehensive framework for modelling extraction of common-pool reso...Sustainability of common-pool resources hinges on the interplay between human and environmental systems.However,there is still a lack of a novel and comprehensive framework for modelling extraction of common-pool resources and cooperation of human agents that can account for different factors that shape the system behavior and outcomes.In particular,we still lack a critical value for ensuring resource sustainability under different scenarios.In this paper,we present a novel framework for studying resource extraction and cooperation in humanenvironmental systems for common-pool resources.We use microscopic update based on agent-based modelling and macroscopic ordinary differential equation based on game theory to explore how different factors influence the players’decisions and the resource outcomes.These factors include resource availability,which accounts the environmental condition and the collective actions of the players;conformity effect,which captures for the social influence and peer pressure that the players experience;and their balance,which reflects a trade-offbetween environmental condition and social influence.We identify critical values for ensuring resource sustainability under various scenarios and parameter configurations.We demonstrate the observed phenomena are robust to the complexity and assumptions of the models and discuss implications of our study for policy and practice,as well as the limitations and directions for future research.展开更多
A popular explicit analytic Borowy 2C PV module model is proposed for power generation prediction.The maximum power point and the open-circuit point which are calculated in this model cannot be equal to the data given...A popular explicit analytic Borowy 2C PV module model is proposed for power generation prediction.The maximum power point and the open-circuit point which are calculated in this model cannot be equal to the data given by manufacturers under standard test condition(STC).The derivation of this model has never been mentioned in any literatures.The parameter forms of 2C model in this paper are more simplified,and the model is decomposed into a STC sub-model and an incremental sub-model.The STC model is derived successfully from an ideal single-diode circuit model.Relative error estimations are developed to do the conformity error measurements.The analysis results showed that though the biases at those critical points are very small,the conformity will depend on both of the two ratio values I_(m)/I_(sc) and V_(m)/V_(oc),which can be used to verify whether 2C model is applicable for the PV module produced by a particular manufacturer.展开更多
This article contains research on the development of conformity behaviors in social networks,in which individuals change their ideas or behavior in keeping with a group.Social networks originated from the experiment c...This article contains research on the development of conformity behaviors in social networks,in which individuals change their ideas or behavior in keeping with a group.Social networks originated from the experiment called small world phenomenon,which concluded that in the United States,the average distance between one person to another person is six persons,which can also be called Six Degrees of Separation,proving the existence of a social network of people.Conformity behavior refers to individuals changing their behavior under real or imagined group pressure to adapt to the behavioral responses of others.conformity behavior in social networks is mainly studied through questionnaires,websites,and simulation modeling.展开更多
AI continues to reshape industries at a rapid pace,which reminds us of the growing importance of standardization.Standards and conformity assessment are essential to addressing the socio-technical dimensions of AI—en...AI continues to reshape industries at a rapid pace,which reminds us of the growing importance of standardization.Standards and conformity assessment are essential to addressing the socio-technical dimensions of AI—ensuring its safe,ethical,and inclusive adoption across different sectors.展开更多
文摘The problem of autonomy and conformity has suffered a harsh fate in pedagogy.The virtues of love,respect,honour,truthfulness,etc.play a major role in educational work,but it is mostly silent about the concepts of autonomy and conformity.Politics are afraid of these like the devil is afraid of incense smoke.Practising teachers complain that our entire education system is weaning school principals,teachers and students from independent thinking and striving.The basic educational goal is clear:to develop autonomous young people who are strengthened in their own being and strength,and vice versa:to suppress superficial,unconvincing conformity.An old lesson:conformity can only be realistically fought with non-conformist politics and the cooperation of non-conformist teachers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72031009)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20&ZD058)。
文摘We study the influence of conformity on the evolution of cooperative behavior in games under the learning method of sampling on networks.A strategy update rule based on sampling is introduced into the stag hunt game,where agents draw samples from their neighbors and then update their strategies based on conformity or inference according to the situation in the sample.Based on these assumptions,we present the state transition equations in the dynamic evolution of population cooperation,conduct simulation analysis on lattice networks and scale-free networks,and discuss how this mechanism affects the evolution of cooperation and how cooperation evolves under different levels of conformity in the network.Our simulation results show that blindly imitating the strategies of neighbors does not necessarily lead to rapid consensus in the population.Instead,rational inference through samples can better promote the evolution of the same strategy among all agents in the population.Moreover,the simulation results also show that a smaller sample size cannot reflect the true situation of the neighbors,which has a large randomness,and the size of the benefits obtained in cooperation determines the direction of the entire population towards cooperation or defection.This work incorporates the conforming behavior of agents into the game,uses the method of sampling for strategy updates and enriches the theory of evolutionary games with a more realistic significance.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2022R1A4A1028747 and RS-2024-00344151).
文摘Recent advances in bone regeneration have introduced the concept of four-dimensional(4D)scaffolds that can undergo morphological and functional changes in response to external stimuli.While several studies have proposed patient-specific designs for defect sites,they often fail to adequately distinguish the advantages of 4D scaffolds over conventional 3D counterparts.This study aimed to investigate the potential benefits of 4D scaffolds in clinically challenging scenarios involving curved defects,where fixation is difficult.We proposed the use of Shape-Memory Polymers(SMPs)as a solution to address critical issues in personalized scaffold fabrication,including dimensional accuracy,measurement error,and manufacturing imprecision.Experimental results demonstrated that the Curved-Layer Fused Deposition Modeling(CLFDM)scaffold,which offers superior conformability to curved defects,achieved significantly higher interfacial contact with the defect area compared to traditional Fused Deposition Modeling(FDM)scaffolds.Specifically,the CLFDM scaffold facilitated bone regeneration of 25.59±4.72 mm^(3),which is more than twice the 9.37±1.36 mm^(3)observed with the 3D FDM scaffold.Furthermore,the 4D CLFDM scaffold achieved 75.38±11.65 mm^(3)of new bone formation after four weeks,approximately three times greater than that of the 3D CLFDM scaffold,regardless of surface micro-roughness.These results underscore that improved geometrical conformity between the scaffold and the defect site enhances cellular infiltration and contributes to more effective bone regeneration.The findings also highlight the promise of 4D scaffolds as a compelling strategy to overcome geometric and dimensional mismatches in the design of patient-specific scaffolds.
文摘This paper argues that the conformity-nonconformity dichotomy is a false dilemma.This study first critically reviews the basic philosophical,ethical,social psychological,and pedagogical literature related to the two concepts.It then outlines the way to overcome the phenomena of conformism and nonconformism together.The description of conformity and nonconformity as deprivation of freedom becomes stronger in 20th century philosophy and special literature from Heidegger through Fischer’s definition up to Cooley,and Crutchfield.Conformity is the sinking of the Self into the Anyone,the unprincipled alignment to the opinion of group mates,and nonconformity is the unprincipled resistance to it.But what is beyond conformity and nonconformity together as a group?There is a real community,in it the transformation of our pedagogical culture in a both useful and reasonable manner to allow the youth to accept the world by denying it and to deny the world by accepting it.The real community involves the virtue of goodness.Educate for goodness,because we possibly are the honest and humane man,who disregards the sinking of the self into the anyone and the self-contained rebellion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271126,31900757,32020103008,31920103009)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2021A1515010746)+1 种基金the Major Project of National Social Science Foundation(20&ZD153)Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(2019SHIBS0003).
文摘From birth to adulthood,we often align our behaviors,attitudes,and opinions with a majority,a phenomenon known as social conformity.A seminal framework has proposed that conformity behaviors are mainly driven by three fundamental motives:a desire to gain more information to be accurate,to obtain social approval from others,and to maintain a favorable self-concept.Despite extensive interest in neuroimaging investigation of social conformity,the relationship between brain systems and these fundamental motivations has yet to be established.Here,we reviewed brain imaging findings of social conformity with a componential framework,aiming to reveal the neuropsychological substrates underlying different conformity motivations.First,information-seeking engages the evaluation of social information,information integration,and modification of task-related activity,corresponding to brain networks implicated in reward,cognitive control,and tasks at hand.Second,social acceptance involves the anticipation of social acceptance or rejection and mental state attribution,mediated by networks of reward,punishment,and mentalizing.Third,self-enhancement entails the excessive representation of positive self-related information and suppression of negative self-related information,ingroup favoritism and/or outgroup derogation,and elaborated mentalizing processes to the ingroup,supported by brain systems of reward,punishment,and mentalizing.Therefore,recent brain imaging studies have provided important insights into the fundamental motivations of social conformity in terms of component processes and brain mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72031009)the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20&ZD058)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72101189)。
文摘Individual decision-making processes are not solely driven by self-interest maximization but are also influenced by the pressure to conform to the group.In primary games like the prisoner's dilemma,the presence of conformity pressure may facilitate the constructive development of cooperative behavior.In this study,we investigate how conformity influences the growth of cooperation in complicated coordination games.Our findings reveal that,even in the presence of stringent game rules,conformity can promote cooperation.In fact,a certain level of conformity pressure can even eliminate the“defection basin”of deer hunting games played on regular networks.Additionally,we demonstrate that the effect of conformity on cooperative behavior is contingent upon the degree of conformity pressure,with different levels of conformity pressure producing opposite effects.These findings provide novel insights into the promotion of cooperative evolution.For instance,if increasing the reward for cooperation has proven ineffective,manipulating the proportion of initial strategy choices may be a more promising approach.
文摘This paper has developed a single mathematical measure for the evaluation of the shape conformity of the curved garment objects such as moulded brassiere cups. The measurements are based on the sectional analysis of the fringe pattern generated by means of moire topography. They include the area ratio, shape ratio and root mean square (RMS) of the height deviation of the moulded cup from the standard shape profile. Ultimately, the RMS was found to be a satisfactory method of assessing the shape conformity and a guideline for determining a good fit from the RMS value was then derived.
文摘Background:In today’s society,parental stress has become a prevalent and significant issue,impacting not only parents’mental health but also potentially profoundly affecting children’s growth and education.This topic has garnered continuous attention from scholars.The present study aims to delve into the relationship between parental stress and children’s behavior,particularly focusing on children’s conformity and discipline development during crucial stages.This study aims to explore the relationship between parental stress,child conformity,and resilience,and further examines the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between parental stress and child conformity.Methods:We used three scales:the Parental Stress Scale,the Child Conformity Scale,and the Resilience Scale,to survey 890 elementary school students(aged 6–12)and their parents in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China.We employed SPSS 26.0 software for data analysis,conducting descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,and mediation effect tests sequentially.In the mediation effect tests,we utilized structural equation modeling(SEM)and regression analysis to examine the mediation effects,ensuring the accuracy and scientific nature of our analysis.Results:Through descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,regression models,and mediation effect tests,we found that parental stress significantly negatively predicts child conformity,while resilience shows a significant positive prediction.Further mediation analysis indicates that resilience plays a partial mediating role between parental stress and child conformity,with the mediation effect accounting for 36.67%.Conclusion:These findings highlight the importance of the family environment on child behavior and provide valuable insights and recommendations for family education practices in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Therefore,we suggest future research should further explore the complex relationships among parental stress,child conformity,and resilience,and examine regional differences to better promote children’s overall development.
文摘Exchange rate functions under systems of centrallyplanned economy and market economy are quite different,and the mechanism to determine such exchange rate is alsodifferent. To adopt a socialist market economic system inChina, the exchange rate mechanism of Renminbi must bethoroughly transformed. To accomplish this goal, I believethere are three problems that must be solved: first,
文摘Background: Studies have shown that there are striking variations in knee morphology between Asian and Western population. However, most of the existing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants are designed to suit the anatomy of Western population. Our study investigated anthropometry of Indian arthritic knees and compared them to international ethnic groups. Methods: Computed tomography was used to create 3D knee models and obtain anthropometric data of distal femur and proximal tibia of Indian arthritic knees. Femoral measurements included mediolateral length, medial and lateral anteroposterior length, medial and lateral condylar width and aspect ratio. Tibial measurements included mediolateral length, medial, lateral and central anteroposterior length and aspect ratio. A preoperative virtual implantation using Western TKAimplants was carried out to visualize anatomical conformity. Results: Statistical analysis results showed that Indian males had significantly larger femoral and tibial mediolateral and anteroposterior width than Indian females;however, femoral and tibial aspect ratio was similar for both. In case of females, significant difference was observed between medial and lateral condylar widths. When compared to knee anthropometry of other ethnic groups, femoral and tibial aspect ratio of Indian knees was found to be similar to the Asian population and different from the Western population. The virtual implantation showed overhang of the femoral component in both lateral and medial regions. Conclusion: Morphological mismatch between Western and Indian knees established the fact that Western implants have drawbacks when implanted in Indian patients. The study also provided a basis for designing gender-specific TKA implants for the Indian population.
文摘This paper presents an approach for extending the constraint model defined for conformity testing of a given method of class to its overriding method in subclass using inheritance principle. The first objective of the proposed work is to find the relationship between the test model of an overriding method and its overridden method using the constraint propagation. In this context the approach shows that the test cases developed for testing an original method can be used for testing its overriding method in a subclass and then the number of test cases can be reduced considerably. The second objective is the use of invalid data which do not satisfy the precondition constraint and induce valid output values for introducing a new concept of test called secure testing. The implementation of this approach is based on a random generation of test data and analysis by formal proof.
文摘In Chinese traditional culture, ceramic culture is a very special cultural system With the advent of the era of network and the particularity of ceramic culture, Make the network native digital resources development and utilization is especially important. The idea of Web3.0 make important ceramic culture network native digital resources ＂reasonable configuration＂, t o be more embody the value of academic research. In this paper, we＇ll discuss the conformity utilization of ceramic culture native digital resources based on the concept of WEB3.0.
文摘In Chinese traditional culture, ceramic culture is a very special cultural system, With the advent of the era of network and the particularity of ceramic culture, Make the network native digital resources development and utilization is especially important. The idea of Web3.0 make important ceramic culture network native digital resources ＂reasonable configuration＂, t o be more embody the value of academic research. In this paper, we＇ll discuss the conformity utilization of ceramic culture native digital resources based on the concept of WEB3.0.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001021)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ18G010001,LZ22G010001)Science Foundation of Zhejiang SciTech University(18092125-Y,22092034-Y).
文摘Sustainability of common-pool resources hinges on the interplay between human and environmental systems.However,there is still a lack of a novel and comprehensive framework for modelling extraction of common-pool resources and cooperation of human agents that can account for different factors that shape the system behavior and outcomes.In particular,we still lack a critical value for ensuring resource sustainability under different scenarios.In this paper,we present a novel framework for studying resource extraction and cooperation in humanenvironmental systems for common-pool resources.We use microscopic update based on agent-based modelling and macroscopic ordinary differential equation based on game theory to explore how different factors influence the players’decisions and the resource outcomes.These factors include resource availability,which accounts the environmental condition and the collective actions of the players;conformity effect,which captures for the social influence and peer pressure that the players experience;and their balance,which reflects a trade-offbetween environmental condition and social influence.We identify critical values for ensuring resource sustainability under various scenarios and parameter configurations.We demonstrate the observed phenomena are robust to the complexity and assumptions of the models and discuss implications of our study for policy and practice,as well as the limitations and directions for future research.
基金This work was partially supported by Key Science,Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(LZ12E07001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51307038).
文摘A popular explicit analytic Borowy 2C PV module model is proposed for power generation prediction.The maximum power point and the open-circuit point which are calculated in this model cannot be equal to the data given by manufacturers under standard test condition(STC).The derivation of this model has never been mentioned in any literatures.The parameter forms of 2C model in this paper are more simplified,and the model is decomposed into a STC sub-model and an incremental sub-model.The STC model is derived successfully from an ideal single-diode circuit model.Relative error estimations are developed to do the conformity error measurements.The analysis results showed that though the biases at those critical points are very small,the conformity will depend on both of the two ratio values I_(m)/I_(sc) and V_(m)/V_(oc),which can be used to verify whether 2C model is applicable for the PV module produced by a particular manufacturer.
文摘This article contains research on the development of conformity behaviors in social networks,in which individuals change their ideas or behavior in keeping with a group.Social networks originated from the experiment called small world phenomenon,which concluded that in the United States,the average distance between one person to another person is six persons,which can also be called Six Degrees of Separation,proving the existence of a social network of people.Conformity behavior refers to individuals changing their behavior under real or imagined group pressure to adapt to the behavioral responses of others.conformity behavior in social networks is mainly studied through questionnaires,websites,and simulation modeling.
文摘AI continues to reshape industries at a rapid pace,which reminds us of the growing importance of standardization.Standards and conformity assessment are essential to addressing the socio-technical dimensions of AI—ensuring its safe,ethical,and inclusive adoption across different sectors.
