This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that ...This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that influence the formation of customer conflicts and describes the characteristics of each stage in the development process,as well as the dual role of the conflicts.The paper also presents strategies for managing the transition from non-confrontational to confrontational conflicts.展开更多
This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recogni...This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recognition,and natural language processing techniques,AI offers innovative solutions for enhancing transparency and integrity in research.This editorial discusses how AI can automatically detect COIs,integrate data from various sources,and streamline reporting processes,thereby maintaining the credibility of scientific findings.展开更多
The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradua...The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradually shifted to understand better the link between conflict and system of government.There is a growing evidence that suggests federal system performs better than unitary system in managing diversity and reducing conflict.Decentralization is even seen to be more effective than federal system not only in managing diversity and reducing conflict but also in delivering public goods.This article provides an account of evolution of system of government in South Sudan.It finds a clear association of centralized unitary system with violent conflict and a relative peace during period of decentralized government or federal system.A decentralized federal system may be appropriate for South Sudan in managing diversity and mitigating conflict.Despite the popular demand by their citizens for a federal system to manage diversity and reduce violent conflict,the ruling elites in the post-independent South Sudan adopted instead an autocratic centralized unitary system that contributed among other factors to the persistent violent conflicts,erosion of social cohesion,and rising mistrust between state and citizens and between and among the communities of South Sudan.展开更多
Objectives:To explore the approaches for reducing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviors in Chinese adolescents,the present study investigated the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents,whi...Objectives:To explore the approaches for reducing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviors in Chinese adolescents,the present study investigated the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents,while also examining the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of rumination thinking.Methods:A cluster sampling method was employed to select 1227 Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 18 as participants,who completed measures including the Parent-Child conflict,Depression,Rumination Thinking,and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury questionnaires.The present study used SPSS 26.0 to conduct the Descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,and reliability tests,and PROCESS 3.3 to test the hypothesis model.Results:(1)There is a positive correlation between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents;(2)Depression mediates the relationship between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents;(3)Rumination thinking acts as a moderator in the association between parent-child conflict and depression.This study finds the indirect effect of depression on NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents.Furthermore,the study also finds protective factors by examining the role of reducing individual rumination thinking in mitigating negative emotions following adverse experiences.In conclusion,this research provides a pathway and foundation for enhancing interventions targeting NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents.Conclusion:The relationship between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents is positively correlated.Depression acts as a mediator in the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents.The effect of parent-child conflict on NSSI is positively moderated by rumination thinking.Specifically,low-level rumination thinking may mitigate the negative impact of parent-child conflict on depression.展开更多
Since 1960,there have been more than thirty UN peacekeeping missions across Africa,the most of any region in the context of the conflicts that have plagued the region for decades.It has become increasingly evident tha...Since 1960,there have been more than thirty UN peacekeeping missions across Africa,the most of any region in the context of the conflicts that have plagued the region for decades.It has become increasingly evident that official diplomacy is not enough to resolve these crises.Experience shows that given the people’s reliance on religion,religion has continued to act as a force of conflict prevention and resolution in the region.The role played by faith-based diplomats has gained the trust of the conflict parties such that it would be unwise for national and international actors to neglect their role in policy making and conflict prevention and resolution.展开更多
This study examined the mediating role of job satisfaction in explaining the relationship between work-family conflict and life satisfaction among Turkish academicians.Employing a cross-sectional study design 645 acad...This study examined the mediating role of job satisfaction in explaining the relationship between work-family conflict and life satisfaction among Turkish academicians.Employing a cross-sectional study design 645 academicians aged between 24 and 65(male=45.1%,female=54.9%;professors=12.1%,associate professors=17.7%,assistant professors=28.2%,lecturers=17.8%,research assistants=24.2%;mean age and SD=39.72±8.94)completed the Job Satisfaction Scale,Life Satisfaction Scale,and the Work-Family Conflict Scale.They also self-reported their demographics.The findings from PROCESS MACRO analysis indicated work-family conflict to predict lower job satisfaction among academicians.Those with higher job satisfaction were also self-reported with higher life satisfaction.Lob satisfaction mediated the relationship between the academician’s work family conflict and life satisfaction for higher life satisfaction.The findings of this study indicate a need to implement work-family and life satisfaction measures to enhance job satisfaction among academics.展开更多
With the increasing complexity of social public affairs,cross-departmental collaborative governance has become an important model of modern administrative management.However,conflicts of interest frequently occur duri...With the increasing complexity of social public affairs,cross-departmental collaborative governance has become an important model of modern administrative management.However,conflicts of interest frequently occur during the collaboration process,which are mainly reflected in resource allocation,goal differences,and power games.These conflicts are caused by factors such as cultural differences within departments,inconsistent performance evaluation systems,and personal interests of department members.To address these issues,it is necessary to design multi-level integration mechanisms,including establishing stable communication channels and unified goals and evaluation systems.Successful integration cases in various fields,such as food safety supervision,environmental protection,and urban transportation governance,show that effective integration mechanisms need to establish institutionalized communication carriers,form a consensus target system,and design guarantee measures with both incentives and constraints.Although current research has achieved certain results,there are still limitations,such as insufficient attention to underdeveloped regions,a lack of consideration of cultural factors,and a narrow focus on internal government collaboration.Future research can explore differentiated integration models,introduce third-party assessment institutions,and strengthen research on the participation mechanism of enterprises and social organizations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Work-family conflicts and daytime sleepiness are related to the risk of suicide.At present,no study has investigated the relationship between nurses’work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.Mo...BACKGROUND Work-family conflicts and daytime sleepiness are related to the risk of suicide.At present,no study has investigated the relationship between nurses’work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.Moreover,it has not been confirmed whether,considering the effect of daytime sleepiness on suicide risk,daytime sleepiness mediates the effect of work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.AIM To explore the pathway relationships among nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict,daytime sleepiness,and suicide risk.METHODS Convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to select 750 nurses from six provinces,including Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shanxi.The work-family behavioral role conflict scale,the Chinese adult daytime sleepiness scale,and the suicide behavior questionnaire were used for the survey.The data were statistically analyzed via SPSS 25.0 software,Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between the variables,the PROCESS 4.0 program was used for the mediation effect analysis,and the mediation effect model was tested via the bootstrap method.RESULTS Nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and daytime sleepiness were positively correlated with suicide risk(r=734,0.717).Work-family behavioral role conflict positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.118),and daytime sleepiness positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.152).Daytime sleepiness partially mediated the role of nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk,with a mediation effect value of 0.046 and a mediation effect accounting for 38.98%.CONCLUSION The results of the Pearson correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis revealed that nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict has a direct effect on suicide risk and indirectly affects suicide risk through daytime drowsiness symptoms.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this research is to thoroughly investigate the extent of mutual interference among clinical internships,postgraduate entrance examinations,and employment by examining engineering contradicti...Objective:The objective of this research is to thoroughly investigate the extent of mutual interference among clinical internships,postgraduate entrance examinations,and employment by examining engineering contradictions,thus offering theoretical insights and guidance for medical students to attain high-quality outcomes in clinical internships.Methods:A combination of literature reviews,questionnaires,interviews,and observations of internships was utilized,followed by a statistical analysis to assess the levels of interference among the three factors.Results:The senior participants achieved significantly higher scores than their junior counterparts in evaluations of comprehensive humanistic quality,understanding professional values,communication abilities,clinical skills,and attitudes towards learning,with differences that were statistically significant(p<0.05).After applying an interactive training approach that merges early clinical practice with foundational medical education,both groups displayed notable enhancements in activity content,formats,instructor attitudes,clinical performance,and the blending of theory with practice(p<0.05).Conclusion:By emphasizing‘early clinical’education,students are effectively engaged in clinical practice through active involvement,leading to feedback-oriented training.This strategy not only improves the overall quality of internships but also reduces the risk of scheduling conflicts with postgraduate entrance examinations and employment opportunities.展开更多
AIM:To investigate decisional conflict among patients diagnosed with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS)or primary angle-closure(PAC)who are considering laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI)treatment.METHODS:A total of 111 ...AIM:To investigate decisional conflict among patients diagnosed with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS)or primary angle-closure(PAC)who are considering laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI)treatment.METHODS:A total of 111 individuals diagnosed with PACS or PAC were selected through convenient sampling from March 2023 to December 2023.These participants then completed a general information questionnaire and the Decision Conflict Scale.Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression to reveal factors influencing decisional conflict.RESULTS:The mean Decisional Conflict Score among patients with PACS or PAC was 48.58±10.01,with 99.1%of these individuals reporting experiencing decisional conflict.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that females(P=0.002)and patients with a shorter duration of the disease(P=0.006)had higher levels of decisional conflict.Additionally,patients diagnosed during medical visits(P=0.049),those who refused LPI treatment(P=0.032),and individuals facing significant economic burdens related to medical expenses(P=0.005)exhibited higher levels of decisional conflict.Furthermore,patients who preferred to make medical decisions independently(P=0.023)and those who favored involving family members in decisionmaking(P=0.005)experienced increased levels of decisional conflict.CONCLUSION:Patients with PACS or PAC who undergo LPI treatment often encounter significant decisional conflict.Healthcare professionals should thoroughly assess a range of factors that influence this conflict,including gender,duration of disease,method of diagnosis acquisition,LPI treatment,economic burden of medical expenses,and patient preferences regarding medical decision-making.By considering these variables,tailored decision support can be developed to address individual patient needs,ultimately reducing decisional conflict and optimizing the quality of decisions made regarding treatment options.展开更多
The objective of this study was to investigate how kindergarten teachers respond to peer conflicts among 3-year-olds,with the aim of identifying common patterns and distinguishing features in their interventions.The a...The objective of this study was to investigate how kindergarten teachers respond to peer conflicts among 3-year-olds,with the aim of identifying common patterns and distinguishing features in their interventions.The age of three is a unique transitional period when young children begin attending kindergarten as their first social setting.The study was conducted in Hangzhou in China,using a case study methodology and involved 10 teachers from eight different kindergarten settings and 157 three-year-old children in eight classes.The 120 observed record identified 214 peer conflicts,54%of which were caused by object and space disputes;18%by physical collisions;16%by verbal disputes among young children;12%by violations of discipline and rules.Participating kindergarten teachers’approaches for resolving peer conflicts illustrated in the case study included(1)perfunctory response;(2)simple suppression;(3)authoritative determinations;(4)scientific guidance;and(5)objective factors influencing teachers’involvement(e.g.,teacher child ratio;child characteristics;teacher child relationship;parent understanding and support;classroom management;inspection;co-teacher cooperation).Class size,curriculum,teacher-child connections,parental support,and teacher collaboration are some of the objective elements that affect kindergarten teacher participation,as are the professional attributes of teachers and their perspectives on education and children.Practical recommendations for kindergarten teachers’involvement in peer conflict among young children were given based on the research findings.展开更多
Human-wildlife conflict(HWC)and its socioeconomic impacts are a pressing global issue.Accurately quantifying HWCs and their interaction with residential development is crucial for rural revitalization and biodiversity...Human-wildlife conflict(HWC)and its socioeconomic impacts are a pressing global issue.Accurately quantifying HWCs and their interaction with residential development is crucial for rural revitalization and biodiversity conservation efforts.This study investigates the interplay between rural residential expansion(RRE)with humanelephant conflict(HEC)in southern Yunnan Province using high-accuracy yearly land use/land cover data and Asian elephant accident data.A piecewise regression along with several metrics,including expansion intensity,rate of rural residential land,and residential density,were employed to analyze the spatial-temporal change characteristics of RRE.Then,a geographical detector and a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model were used to reveal the driving mechanisms of RRE,with particular emphasis on the spatial relations between RRE and HECs.The results indicate that HECs had a significant negative impact on RRE,exhibiting higher expansion intensity and rate of rural residential land in non-HEC areas than in HEC areas.High spatiotemporal consistency between accelerated RRE and intensified HECs occurred from 2010 onwards,which aligns with the year when the trend of settlement area expansion changed.RRE activities and ensuing land use conversions led to increased occurrences of HECs,which negatively affected the RRE.Compared to HECs,topography and locational factors exhibited a secondary effect on RRE activities.The findings underscore reciprocal feedback mechanisms between RRE and HECs and the elevated risk of adverse interactions between humans and elephants within the range of China’s wild elephants,providing theoretical support for coordinating conservation initiatives for Asian elephants with rural revitalization in the border areas of Southwest China.展开更多
Conflict resolution(CR)is a fundamental component of air traffic management,where recent progress in artificial intelligence has led to the effective application of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)techniques to enhanc...Conflict resolution(CR)is a fundamental component of air traffic management,where recent progress in artificial intelligence has led to the effective application of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)techniques to enhance CR strategies.However,existing DRL models applied to CR are often limited to simple scenarios.This approach frequently leads to the neglect of the high risks associated with multiple intersections in the high-density and multi-airport system terminal area(MAS-TMA),and suffers from poor interpretability.This paper addresses the aforementioned gap by introducing an improved multi-agent DRL model that adopted to autonomous CR(AutoCR)within MAS-TMA.Specifically,dynamic weather conditions are incorporated into the state space to enhance adaptability.In the action space,the flight intent is considered and transformed into optimal maneuvers according to overload,thus improving interpretability.On these bases,the deep Q-network(DQN)algorithm is further improved to address the AutoCR problem in MAS-TMA.Simulation experiments conducted in the“Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao”greater bay area(GBA)MAS-TMA demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,successfully resolving over eight potential conflicts and performing robustly across various air traffic densities.展开更多
The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflict...The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflicts,clarifying the applicability of international human rights law(IHRL)and international humanitarian law(IHL)in such contexts has become an urgent issue.A comparative study on the application of IHRL and IHL needs to address three key questions step by step:First,whether IHRL is applicable during armed conflicts;second,if applicable,how IHRL complements and interacts with IHL;and third,what methods should be adopted to resolve conflicts when IHRL and IHL are applied concurrently.In this context,an analysis of the historical development of IHRL and IHL reveals that the two share a common philosophical foundation,and thus they can be applied concurrently during armed conflicts.From an empirical perspective,IHRL engages with IHL through two approaches:interpreting IHL provisions and directly applying IHRL to armed conflicts,thereby fostering interactive development between the two.In cases where normative conflicts arise between IHRL and IHL,such as in the rules on the use of force and internment procedures,the principles of systemic integration and lex specialis can reconcile these conflicts during the application process.展开更多
Land use conflicts(LUCs),as a spatial manifestation of the conflicts in the human-land relationships,have a profound impact on regional sustainable development.For China’s metropolitan junction areas(MJAs),the existe...Land use conflicts(LUCs),as a spatial manifestation of the conflicts in the human-land relationships,have a profound impact on regional sustainable development.For China’s metropolitan junction areas(MJAs),the existence of“administrative district economies”has made the issue of LUCs more prominent.Based on a case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region,we conducted an exploratory spatial data analysis of the evolutionary process of regional LUCs.Furthermore,structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the dynamic mechanism of LUCs in MJAs,with a particular emphasis on exploring the influences of administrative boundary.The results showed that from 2010 to 2020,LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region continued to worsen,and the spatial process conflict and spatial structure conflict indices increased by more than 30.0%.The intensification of LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region from 2010 to 2020 was mainly the result of the deterioration of conflicts in evaluation units with low conflict levels.LUCs in China’s metropolitan areas generally presented a circular gradient distribution,weakening from the core to the periphery,but there were some strong isolated conflict zones in the outer regions.LUCs in China’s MJAs were the result of interactions among multiple factors,e.g.,natural environment,socio-economic development,policy and institutional processes,and administrative boundary effects.Administrative boundary affected the flow of socio-economic elements,changing the supply-and-demand competition of stakeholders for land resources,consequently exerting an indirect influence on LUCs.This study advances the theory of the dynamic mechanism of LUCs,and provides theoretical support for the governance of these conflicts in transboundary areas.展开更多
Humans are experiencing the inclusion of artificial agents in their lives,such as unmanned vehicles,service robots,voice assistants,and intelligent medical care.If the artificial agents cannot align with social values...Humans are experiencing the inclusion of artificial agents in their lives,such as unmanned vehicles,service robots,voice assistants,and intelligent medical care.If the artificial agents cannot align with social values or make ethical decisions,they may not meet the expectations of humans.Traditionally,an ethical decision-making framework is constructed by rule-based or statistical approaches.In this paper,we propose an ethical decision-making framework based on incremental ILP(Inductive Logic Programming),which can overcome the brittleness of rule-based approaches and little interpretability of statistical approaches.As the current incremental ILP makes it difficult to solve conflicts,we propose a novel ethical decision-making framework considering conflicts in this paper,which adopts our proposed incremental ILP system.The framework consists of two processes:the learning process and the deduction process.The first process records bottom clauses with their score functions and learns rules guided by the entailment and the score function.The second process obtains an ethical decision based on the rules.In an ethical scenario about chatbots for teenagers’mental health,we verify that our framework can learn ethical rules and make ethical decisions.Besides,we extract incremental ILP from the framework and compare it with the state-of-the-art ILP systems based on ASP(Answer Set Programming)focusing on conflict resolution.The results of comparisons show that our proposed system can generate better-quality rules than most other systems.展开更多
As the number of automated guided vehicles(AGVs)within automated container terminals(ACT)continues to rise,conflicts have becomemore frequent.Addressing point and edge conflicts ofAGVs,amulti-AGVconflict-free path pla...As the number of automated guided vehicles(AGVs)within automated container terminals(ACT)continues to rise,conflicts have becomemore frequent.Addressing point and edge conflicts ofAGVs,amulti-AGVconflict-free path planning model has been formulated to minimize the total path length of AGVs between shore bridges and yards.For larger terminalmaps and complex environments,the grid method is employed to model AGVs’road networks.An improved bounded conflict-based search(IBCBS)algorithmtailored to ACT is proposed,leveraging the binary tree principle to resolve conflicts and employing focal search to expand the search range.Comparative experiments involving 60 AGVs indicate a reduction in computing time by 37.397%to 64.06%while maintaining the over cost within 1.019%.Numerical experiments validate the proposed algorithm’s efficacy in enhancing efficiency and ensuring solution quality.展开更多
Malnutrition refers to the deficiency, imbalances, or excesses in a person’s intake of energy or nutrients [1]. Khan defines anaemia as below level of Haemoglobin in red blood shown by a lower number of functioning r...Malnutrition refers to the deficiency, imbalances, or excesses in a person’s intake of energy or nutrients [1]. Khan defines anaemia as below level of Haemoglobin in red blood shown by a lower number of functioning red blood cells [2]. The crisis in the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon has led to several negative effects on children’s living conditions. There has been an increase in malnutrition and anaemia in the South West Region and Kumba in particular. The main objective of this study was “to examine the prevalence of malnutrition and anaemia in children ≤ 5 years of age in some conflict-hit areas of Meme Division”. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 from March to June. We recruited 200 children ≤ 5 years into the study from three hospitals. The regional hospital annex in Kumba, Presbyterian General Hospital Kumba and the Ntam Hospital in Kumba. Socio-demographic factors were assessed using questionnaire, nutritional status was assessed by the use anthropometric measurements and an auto haematology analyser was used to determine anaemia. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the study area was 40.5%. The prevalence of malnutrition varied significantly (P < 0.001) with the study sites. The overall prevalence of anaemia in the study area was 70.5%. The prevalence of anaemia was not significantly associated with the study sites. The prevalence of Malnutrition and Anaemia in children ≤ 5 years of age is very high in the Kumba municipalities. This could be attributed to the ongoing crisis which has caused a lot of social migrations from rural areas to Urban areas which are safer.展开更多
Background:Adolescents frequently engage in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury(NSSI),with recent trends indicating an increase in this behavior.At the same time,Chinese adolescents have a higher incidence of NSSI than Western a...Background:Adolescents frequently engage in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury(NSSI),with recent trends indicating an increase in this behavior.At the same time,Chinese adolescents have a higher incidence of NSSI than Western adolescents.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the relationship between interparental conflict and NSSI among adolescents within the context of Chinese families.Methods:The research sample comprised 755 senior high school students(46.62%male;age M=16.82,SD=0.94 years)who completed the Interparental Conflict Child Perception Scale(CPIC),Adolescent Self-Injury Behavior Questionnaire(ASHS),Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20(TAS-20),and Scale of Adolescent Resilience(RSCA).Results:Findings suggest that interparental conflict is a significant positive predictor of NSSI(r=0.22,p<0.01).Alexithymia mediates the relation between interparental conflict and NSSI(effect size=0.09,95%CI[0.05,0.13]).Additionally,resilience moderates both the direct relation(β=−0.08,p<0.05)and the latter half of the mediating pathway(β=−0.08,p<0.05)in the moderated mediation model.Conclusion:This study indicates that interparental conflict have an impact on adolescents’NSSI in Chinese families,and alexithymia and resilience play important roles in the relationship.These findings offer valuable guidance for the prevention and intervention efforts targeting NSSI among adolescents in China and in similar family contexts.展开更多
“Human-elephant conflict(HEC)”,the alarming issue,in present day context has attracted the attention of environmentalists and policy makers.The rising conflict between human beings and wild elephants is common in Bu...“Human-elephant conflict(HEC)”,the alarming issue,in present day context has attracted the attention of environmentalists and policy makers.The rising conflict between human beings and wild elephants is common in Buxa Tiger Reserve(BTR)and its adjoining area in West Bengal State,India,making the area volatile.People’s attitudes towards elephant conservation activity are very crucial to get rid of HEC,because people’s proximity with wild elephants’habitat can trigger the occurrence of HEC.The aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation about the association of people’s attitudes towards HEC with their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in BTR and its adjoining area by using Pearson’s bivariate chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis.BTR is one of the constituent parts of Eastern Doors Elephant Reserve(EDER).We interviewed 500 respondents to understand their perceptions to HEC and investigated their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics including location of village,gender,age,ethnicity,religion,caste,poverty level,education level,primary occupation,secondary occupation,household type,and source of firewood.The results indicate that respondents who are living in enclave forest villages(EFVs),peripheral forest villages(PFVs),corridor village(CVs),or forest and corridor villages(FCVs),mainly males,at the age of 18–48 years old,engaged with agriculture occupation,and living in kancha and mixed houses,have more likelihood to witness HEC.Besides,respondents who are illiterate or at primary education level are more likely to regard elephant as a main problematic animal around their villages and refuse to participate in elephant conservation activity.For the sake of a sustainable environment for both human beings and wildlife,people’s attitudes towards elephants must be friendly in a more prudent way,so that the two communities can live in harmony.展开更多
文摘This paper applies conflict management theory to study customer conflicts in budget hotels.Utilizing investigations and data analysis from budget hotels in Guilin,Guangxi Province,China,it identifies the factors that influence the formation of customer conflicts and describes the characteristics of each stage in the development process,as well as the dual role of the conflicts.The paper also presents strategies for managing the transition from non-confrontational to confrontational conflicts.
文摘This editorial explores the transformative potential of artificial intelligence(AI)in identifying conflicts of interest(COIs)within academic and scientific research.By harnessing advanced data analysis,pattern recognition,and natural language processing techniques,AI offers innovative solutions for enhancing transparency and integrity in research.This editorial discusses how AI can automatically detect COIs,integrate data from various sources,and streamline reporting processes,thereby maintaining the credibility of scientific findings.
文摘The relation between conflict and governance has been dominated by type of government rather than by system of government.With increasing conflict in countries with ethnic and religious diversity,the debate has gradually shifted to understand better the link between conflict and system of government.There is a growing evidence that suggests federal system performs better than unitary system in managing diversity and reducing conflict.Decentralization is even seen to be more effective than federal system not only in managing diversity and reducing conflict but also in delivering public goods.This article provides an account of evolution of system of government in South Sudan.It finds a clear association of centralized unitary system with violent conflict and a relative peace during period of decentralized government or federal system.A decentralized federal system may be appropriate for South Sudan in managing diversity and mitigating conflict.Despite the popular demand by their citizens for a federal system to manage diversity and reduce violent conflict,the ruling elites in the post-independent South Sudan adopted instead an autocratic centralized unitary system that contributed among other factors to the persistent violent conflicts,erosion of social cohesion,and rising mistrust between state and citizens and between and among the communities of South Sudan.
文摘Objectives:To explore the approaches for reducing non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behaviors in Chinese adolescents,the present study investigated the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents,while also examining the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of rumination thinking.Methods:A cluster sampling method was employed to select 1227 Chinese adolescents aged 12 to 18 as participants,who completed measures including the Parent-Child conflict,Depression,Rumination Thinking,and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury questionnaires.The present study used SPSS 26.0 to conduct the Descriptive statistics,correlation analysis,and reliability tests,and PROCESS 3.3 to test the hypothesis model.Results:(1)There is a positive correlation between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents;(2)Depression mediates the relationship between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents;(3)Rumination thinking acts as a moderator in the association between parent-child conflict and depression.This study finds the indirect effect of depression on NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents.Furthermore,the study also finds protective factors by examining the role of reducing individual rumination thinking in mitigating negative emotions following adverse experiences.In conclusion,this research provides a pathway and foundation for enhancing interventions targeting NSSI behaviors among Chinese adolescents.Conclusion:The relationship between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents is positively correlated.Depression acts as a mediator in the association between parent-child conflict and NSSI in adolescents.The effect of parent-child conflict on NSSI is positively moderated by rumination thinking.Specifically,low-level rumination thinking may mitigate the negative impact of parent-child conflict on depression.
文摘Since 1960,there have been more than thirty UN peacekeeping missions across Africa,the most of any region in the context of the conflicts that have plagued the region for decades.It has become increasingly evident that official diplomacy is not enough to resolve these crises.Experience shows that given the people’s reliance on religion,religion has continued to act as a force of conflict prevention and resolution in the region.The role played by faith-based diplomats has gained the trust of the conflict parties such that it would be unwise for national and international actors to neglect their role in policy making and conflict prevention and resolution.
文摘This study examined the mediating role of job satisfaction in explaining the relationship between work-family conflict and life satisfaction among Turkish academicians.Employing a cross-sectional study design 645 academicians aged between 24 and 65(male=45.1%,female=54.9%;professors=12.1%,associate professors=17.7%,assistant professors=28.2%,lecturers=17.8%,research assistants=24.2%;mean age and SD=39.72±8.94)completed the Job Satisfaction Scale,Life Satisfaction Scale,and the Work-Family Conflict Scale.They also self-reported their demographics.The findings from PROCESS MACRO analysis indicated work-family conflict to predict lower job satisfaction among academicians.Those with higher job satisfaction were also self-reported with higher life satisfaction.Lob satisfaction mediated the relationship between the academician’s work family conflict and life satisfaction for higher life satisfaction.The findings of this study indicate a need to implement work-family and life satisfaction measures to enhance job satisfaction among academics.
文摘With the increasing complexity of social public affairs,cross-departmental collaborative governance has become an important model of modern administrative management.However,conflicts of interest frequently occur during the collaboration process,which are mainly reflected in resource allocation,goal differences,and power games.These conflicts are caused by factors such as cultural differences within departments,inconsistent performance evaluation systems,and personal interests of department members.To address these issues,it is necessary to design multi-level integration mechanisms,including establishing stable communication channels and unified goals and evaluation systems.Successful integration cases in various fields,such as food safety supervision,environmental protection,and urban transportation governance,show that effective integration mechanisms need to establish institutionalized communication carriers,form a consensus target system,and design guarantee measures with both incentives and constraints.Although current research has achieved certain results,there are still limitations,such as insufficient attention to underdeveloped regions,a lack of consideration of cultural factors,and a narrow focus on internal government collaboration.Future research can explore differentiated integration models,introduce third-party assessment institutions,and strengthen research on the participation mechanism of enterprises and social organizations.
文摘BACKGROUND Work-family conflicts and daytime sleepiness are related to the risk of suicide.At present,no study has investigated the relationship between nurses’work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.Moreover,it has not been confirmed whether,considering the effect of daytime sleepiness on suicide risk,daytime sleepiness mediates the effect of work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk.AIM To explore the pathway relationships among nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict,daytime sleepiness,and suicide risk.METHODS Convenience and purposive sampling methods were used to select 750 nurses from six provinces,including Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shanxi.The work-family behavioral role conflict scale,the Chinese adult daytime sleepiness scale,and the suicide behavior questionnaire were used for the survey.The data were statistically analyzed via SPSS 25.0 software,Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations between the variables,the PROCESS 4.0 program was used for the mediation effect analysis,and the mediation effect model was tested via the bootstrap method.RESULTS Nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and daytime sleepiness were positively correlated with suicide risk(r=734,0.717).Work-family behavioral role conflict positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.118),and daytime sleepiness positively predicted suicide risk(β=0.152).Daytime sleepiness partially mediated the role of nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict and suicide risk,with a mediation effect value of 0.046 and a mediation effect accounting for 38.98%.CONCLUSION The results of the Pearson correlation analysis and mediation effect analysis revealed that nurses'work-family behavioral role conflict has a direct effect on suicide risk and indirectly affects suicide risk through daytime drowsiness symptoms.
基金Ministry of Education Industry-University Cooperative Education Program(Project No.:231002999080311)Xinxiang Medical University Education and Teaching Reform Research(Project No.:2021-XYJG-100)。
文摘Objective:The objective of this research is to thoroughly investigate the extent of mutual interference among clinical internships,postgraduate entrance examinations,and employment by examining engineering contradictions,thus offering theoretical insights and guidance for medical students to attain high-quality outcomes in clinical internships.Methods:A combination of literature reviews,questionnaires,interviews,and observations of internships was utilized,followed by a statistical analysis to assess the levels of interference among the three factors.Results:The senior participants achieved significantly higher scores than their junior counterparts in evaluations of comprehensive humanistic quality,understanding professional values,communication abilities,clinical skills,and attitudes towards learning,with differences that were statistically significant(p<0.05).After applying an interactive training approach that merges early clinical practice with foundational medical education,both groups displayed notable enhancements in activity content,formats,instructor attitudes,clinical performance,and the blending of theory with practice(p<0.05).Conclusion:By emphasizing‘early clinical’education,students are effectively engaged in clinical practice through active involvement,leading to feedback-oriented training.This strategy not only improves the overall quality of internships but also reduces the risk of scheduling conflicts with postgraduate entrance examinations and employment opportunities.
基金Supported by Basic Scientific Research Projects of Wenzhou(No.Y20220155).
文摘AIM:To investigate decisional conflict among patients diagnosed with primary angle-closure suspect(PACS)or primary angle-closure(PAC)who are considering laser peripheral iridotomy(LPI)treatment.METHODS:A total of 111 individuals diagnosed with PACS or PAC were selected through convenient sampling from March 2023 to December 2023.These participants then completed a general information questionnaire and the Decision Conflict Scale.Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression to reveal factors influencing decisional conflict.RESULTS:The mean Decisional Conflict Score among patients with PACS or PAC was 48.58±10.01,with 99.1%of these individuals reporting experiencing decisional conflict.Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that females(P=0.002)and patients with a shorter duration of the disease(P=0.006)had higher levels of decisional conflict.Additionally,patients diagnosed during medical visits(P=0.049),those who refused LPI treatment(P=0.032),and individuals facing significant economic burdens related to medical expenses(P=0.005)exhibited higher levels of decisional conflict.Furthermore,patients who preferred to make medical decisions independently(P=0.023)and those who favored involving family members in decisionmaking(P=0.005)experienced increased levels of decisional conflict.CONCLUSION:Patients with PACS or PAC who undergo LPI treatment often encounter significant decisional conflict.Healthcare professionals should thoroughly assess a range of factors that influence this conflict,including gender,duration of disease,method of diagnosis acquisition,LPI treatment,economic burden of medical expenses,and patient preferences regarding medical decision-making.By considering these variables,tailored decision support can be developed to address individual patient needs,ultimately reducing decisional conflict and optimizing the quality of decisions made regarding treatment options.
文摘The objective of this study was to investigate how kindergarten teachers respond to peer conflicts among 3-year-olds,with the aim of identifying common patterns and distinguishing features in their interventions.The age of three is a unique transitional period when young children begin attending kindergarten as their first social setting.The study was conducted in Hangzhou in China,using a case study methodology and involved 10 teachers from eight different kindergarten settings and 157 three-year-old children in eight classes.The 120 observed record identified 214 peer conflicts,54%of which were caused by object and space disputes;18%by physical collisions;16%by verbal disputes among young children;12%by violations of discipline and rules.Participating kindergarten teachers’approaches for resolving peer conflicts illustrated in the case study included(1)perfunctory response;(2)simple suppression;(3)authoritative determinations;(4)scientific guidance;and(5)objective factors influencing teachers’involvement(e.g.,teacher child ratio;child characteristics;teacher child relationship;parent understanding and support;classroom management;inspection;co-teacher cooperation).Class size,curriculum,teacher-child connections,parental support,and teacher collaboration are some of the objective elements that affect kindergarten teacher participation,as are the professional attributes of teachers and their perspectives on education and children.Practical recommendations for kindergarten teachers’involvement in peer conflict among young children were given based on the research findings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41971239)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(Grant No.2019QZKK0402)+1 种基金Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Project on China-Laos Cross-border Asian Elephant Habitat Quality Assessment(Grant No.102169221100000009022)the Graduate Research Innovation Project of Yunnan University(Grant No.2021Y368).
文摘Human-wildlife conflict(HWC)and its socioeconomic impacts are a pressing global issue.Accurately quantifying HWCs and their interaction with residential development is crucial for rural revitalization and biodiversity conservation efforts.This study investigates the interplay between rural residential expansion(RRE)with humanelephant conflict(HEC)in southern Yunnan Province using high-accuracy yearly land use/land cover data and Asian elephant accident data.A piecewise regression along with several metrics,including expansion intensity,rate of rural residential land,and residential density,were employed to analyze the spatial-temporal change characteristics of RRE.Then,a geographical detector and a bivariate spatial autocorrelation model were used to reveal the driving mechanisms of RRE,with particular emphasis on the spatial relations between RRE and HECs.The results indicate that HECs had a significant negative impact on RRE,exhibiting higher expansion intensity and rate of rural residential land in non-HEC areas than in HEC areas.High spatiotemporal consistency between accelerated RRE and intensified HECs occurred from 2010 onwards,which aligns with the year when the trend of settlement area expansion changed.RRE activities and ensuing land use conversions led to increased occurrences of HECs,which negatively affected the RRE.Compared to HECs,topography and locational factors exhibited a secondary effect on RRE activities.The findings underscore reciprocal feedback mechanisms between RRE and HECs and the elevated risk of adverse interactions between humans and elephants within the range of China’s wild elephants,providing theoretical support for coordinating conservation initiatives for Asian elephants with rural revitalization in the border areas of Southwest China.
基金supported by the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX25_0621)the Foundation of Inter-disciplinary Innovation Fund for Doctoral Students of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics(No.KXKCXJJ202507)。
文摘Conflict resolution(CR)is a fundamental component of air traffic management,where recent progress in artificial intelligence has led to the effective application of deep reinforcement learning(DRL)techniques to enhance CR strategies.However,existing DRL models applied to CR are often limited to simple scenarios.This approach frequently leads to the neglect of the high risks associated with multiple intersections in the high-density and multi-airport system terminal area(MAS-TMA),and suffers from poor interpretability.This paper addresses the aforementioned gap by introducing an improved multi-agent DRL model that adopted to autonomous CR(AutoCR)within MAS-TMA.Specifically,dynamic weather conditions are incorporated into the state space to enhance adaptability.In the action space,the flight intent is considered and transformed into optimal maneuvers according to overload,thus improving interpretability.On these bases,the deep Q-network(DQN)algorithm is further improved to address the AutoCR problem in MAS-TMA.Simulation experiments conducted in the“Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao”greater bay area(GBA)MAS-TMA demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method,successfully resolving over eight potential conflicts and performing robustly across various air traffic densities.
文摘The Russia-Ukraine conflict remains unresolved,while the armed conflict between Israel and Palestine continues to escalate,causing significant civilian casualties.To better protect the victims of war in armed conflicts,clarifying the applicability of international human rights law(IHRL)and international humanitarian law(IHL)in such contexts has become an urgent issue.A comparative study on the application of IHRL and IHL needs to address three key questions step by step:First,whether IHRL is applicable during armed conflicts;second,if applicable,how IHRL complements and interacts with IHL;and third,what methods should be adopted to resolve conflicts when IHRL and IHL are applied concurrently.In this context,an analysis of the historical development of IHRL and IHL reveals that the two share a common philosophical foundation,and thus they can be applied concurrently during armed conflicts.From an empirical perspective,IHRL engages with IHL through two approaches:interpreting IHL provisions and directly applying IHRL to armed conflicts,thereby fostering interactive development between the two.In cases where normative conflicts arise between IHRL and IHL,such as in the rules on the use of force and internment procedures,the principles of systemic integration and lex specialis can reconcile these conflicts during the application process.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42101264,42101200)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(CPSF)(GZC20233314)+1 种基金the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation,China(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0811)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(2023CDSKXYGG006,2024CDJXY014).
文摘Land use conflicts(LUCs),as a spatial manifestation of the conflicts in the human-land relationships,have a profound impact on regional sustainable development.For China’s metropolitan junction areas(MJAs),the existence of“administrative district economies”has made the issue of LUCs more prominent.Based on a case study of the central Chengdu–Chongqing region,we conducted an exploratory spatial data analysis of the evolutionary process of regional LUCs.Furthermore,structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the dynamic mechanism of LUCs in MJAs,with a particular emphasis on exploring the influences of administrative boundary.The results showed that from 2010 to 2020,LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region continued to worsen,and the spatial process conflict and spatial structure conflict indices increased by more than 30.0%.The intensification of LUCs in the central Chengdu–Chongqing region from 2010 to 2020 was mainly the result of the deterioration of conflicts in evaluation units with low conflict levels.LUCs in China’s metropolitan areas generally presented a circular gradient distribution,weakening from the core to the periphery,but there were some strong isolated conflict zones in the outer regions.LUCs in China’s MJAs were the result of interactions among multiple factors,e.g.,natural environment,socio-economic development,policy and institutional processes,and administrative boundary effects.Administrative boundary affected the flow of socio-economic elements,changing the supply-and-demand competition of stakeholders for land resources,consequently exerting an indirect influence on LUCs.This study advances the theory of the dynamic mechanism of LUCs,and provides theoretical support for the governance of these conflicts in transboundary areas.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Nos.U22A2099,61966009,62006057the Graduate Innovation Program No.YCSW2022286.
文摘Humans are experiencing the inclusion of artificial agents in their lives,such as unmanned vehicles,service robots,voice assistants,and intelligent medical care.If the artificial agents cannot align with social values or make ethical decisions,they may not meet the expectations of humans.Traditionally,an ethical decision-making framework is constructed by rule-based or statistical approaches.In this paper,we propose an ethical decision-making framework based on incremental ILP(Inductive Logic Programming),which can overcome the brittleness of rule-based approaches and little interpretability of statistical approaches.As the current incremental ILP makes it difficult to solve conflicts,we propose a novel ethical decision-making framework considering conflicts in this paper,which adopts our proposed incremental ILP system.The framework consists of two processes:the learning process and the deduction process.The first process records bottom clauses with their score functions and learns rules guided by the entailment and the score function.The second process obtains an ethical decision based on the rules.In an ethical scenario about chatbots for teenagers’mental health,we verify that our framework can learn ethical rules and make ethical decisions.Besides,we extract incremental ILP from the framework and compare it with the state-of-the-art ILP systems based on ASP(Answer Set Programming)focusing on conflict resolution.The results of comparisons show that our proposed system can generate better-quality rules than most other systems.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62073212)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.23ZR1426600).
文摘As the number of automated guided vehicles(AGVs)within automated container terminals(ACT)continues to rise,conflicts have becomemore frequent.Addressing point and edge conflicts ofAGVs,amulti-AGVconflict-free path planning model has been formulated to minimize the total path length of AGVs between shore bridges and yards.For larger terminalmaps and complex environments,the grid method is employed to model AGVs’road networks.An improved bounded conflict-based search(IBCBS)algorithmtailored to ACT is proposed,leveraging the binary tree principle to resolve conflicts and employing focal search to expand the search range.Comparative experiments involving 60 AGVs indicate a reduction in computing time by 37.397%to 64.06%while maintaining the over cost within 1.019%.Numerical experiments validate the proposed algorithm’s efficacy in enhancing efficiency and ensuring solution quality.
文摘Malnutrition refers to the deficiency, imbalances, or excesses in a person’s intake of energy or nutrients [1]. Khan defines anaemia as below level of Haemoglobin in red blood shown by a lower number of functioning red blood cells [2]. The crisis in the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon has led to several negative effects on children’s living conditions. There has been an increase in malnutrition and anaemia in the South West Region and Kumba in particular. The main objective of this study was “to examine the prevalence of malnutrition and anaemia in children ≤ 5 years of age in some conflict-hit areas of Meme Division”. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 from March to June. We recruited 200 children ≤ 5 years into the study from three hospitals. The regional hospital annex in Kumba, Presbyterian General Hospital Kumba and the Ntam Hospital in Kumba. Socio-demographic factors were assessed using questionnaire, nutritional status was assessed by the use anthropometric measurements and an auto haematology analyser was used to determine anaemia. The overall prevalence of malnutrition in the study area was 40.5%. The prevalence of malnutrition varied significantly (P < 0.001) with the study sites. The overall prevalence of anaemia in the study area was 70.5%. The prevalence of anaemia was not significantly associated with the study sites. The prevalence of Malnutrition and Anaemia in children ≤ 5 years of age is very high in the Kumba municipalities. This could be attributed to the ongoing crisis which has caused a lot of social migrations from rural areas to Urban areas which are safer.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(BHA240105).
文摘Background:Adolescents frequently engage in Non-Suicidal Self-Injury(NSSI),with recent trends indicating an increase in this behavior.At the same time,Chinese adolescents have a higher incidence of NSSI than Western adolescents.Therefore,it is necessary to explore the relationship between interparental conflict and NSSI among adolescents within the context of Chinese families.Methods:The research sample comprised 755 senior high school students(46.62%male;age M=16.82,SD=0.94 years)who completed the Interparental Conflict Child Perception Scale(CPIC),Adolescent Self-Injury Behavior Questionnaire(ASHS),Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20(TAS-20),and Scale of Adolescent Resilience(RSCA).Results:Findings suggest that interparental conflict is a significant positive predictor of NSSI(r=0.22,p<0.01).Alexithymia mediates the relation between interparental conflict and NSSI(effect size=0.09,95%CI[0.05,0.13]).Additionally,resilience moderates both the direct relation(β=−0.08,p<0.05)and the latter half of the mediating pathway(β=−0.08,p<0.05)in the moderated mediation model.Conclusion:This study indicates that interparental conflict have an impact on adolescents’NSSI in Chinese families,and alexithymia and resilience play important roles in the relationship.These findings offer valuable guidance for the prevention and intervention efforts targeting NSSI among adolescents in China and in similar family contexts.
文摘“Human-elephant conflict(HEC)”,the alarming issue,in present day context has attracted the attention of environmentalists and policy makers.The rising conflict between human beings and wild elephants is common in Buxa Tiger Reserve(BTR)and its adjoining area in West Bengal State,India,making the area volatile.People’s attitudes towards elephant conservation activity are very crucial to get rid of HEC,because people’s proximity with wild elephants’habitat can trigger the occurrence of HEC.The aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation about the association of people’s attitudes towards HEC with their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics in BTR and its adjoining area by using Pearson’s bivariate chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis.BTR is one of the constituent parts of Eastern Doors Elephant Reserve(EDER).We interviewed 500 respondents to understand their perceptions to HEC and investigated their locational,demographic,and socio-economic characteristics including location of village,gender,age,ethnicity,religion,caste,poverty level,education level,primary occupation,secondary occupation,household type,and source of firewood.The results indicate that respondents who are living in enclave forest villages(EFVs),peripheral forest villages(PFVs),corridor village(CVs),or forest and corridor villages(FCVs),mainly males,at the age of 18–48 years old,engaged with agriculture occupation,and living in kancha and mixed houses,have more likelihood to witness HEC.Besides,respondents who are illiterate or at primary education level are more likely to regard elephant as a main problematic animal around their villages and refuse to participate in elephant conservation activity.For the sake of a sustainable environment for both human beings and wildlife,people’s attitudes towards elephants must be friendly in a more prudent way,so that the two communities can live in harmony.
