BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confid...BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed mainly from the World Health Organization course distributed among Burundi HCWs from June-July 2023.The questionnaire comprises 8 socioprofessional-related questions,22 questions about Mpox disease knowledge,and 3 questions to assess confidence in Mpox diagnosis and management.The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 25.0.A P value<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study sample comprised 471 HCWs who were mainly medical doctors(63.9%)and nurses(30.1%).None of the 22 questions concerning Mpox knowledge had at least 50%correct responses.A very low number of HCWs(17.4%)knew that Mpox has a vaccine.The confidence level to diagnose(21.20%),treat(18.00%)or prevent(23.30%)Mpox was low among HCWs.The confidence level in the diagnosis of Mpox was associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.009),sex(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),and residence(P value<0.001).The confidence level to treat Mpox was significantly associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.050),sex(P value<0.001),education(P value=0.033)and occupation(P value=0.005).The confidence level to prevent Mpox was associated with the HCWs’education(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),residence(P value<0.001)and type of work institution(P value=0.003).CONCLUSION This study revealed that HCWs have the lowest level of knowledge regarding Mpox and a lack of confidence in the ability to diagnose,treat or prevent it.There is an urgent need to organize continuing medical education programs on Mpox epidemiology and preparedness for Burundi HCWs.We encourage future researchers to assess potential hesitancy toward Mpox vaccination and its associated factors.展开更多
NEW quality productive forces were one of the most frequently mentioned keywords for China’s high-quality development in the past year.The annual Central Economic Work Conference(CEWC)in December that reviewed the ec...NEW quality productive forces were one of the most frequently mentioned keywords for China’s high-quality development in the past year.The annual Central Economic Work Conference(CEWC)in December that reviewed the economy in 2024 and gave directions for the economic work in 2025 called for balancing fostering new growth drivers and revitalizing old ones while developing new quality productive forces based on local conditions.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of limited computational resources of multi-unmanned systems airborne navigation platform,a distributed cooperative positioning method based on confidence evaluation is proposed.Firstly,t...In order to solve the problem of limited computational resources of multi-unmanned systems airborne navigation platform,a distributed cooperative positioning method based on confidence evaluation is proposed.Firstly,the impact of ranging error,priori information,spatial geometric configuration and adjacent nodes count on cooperative positioning performance are analyzed individually.Secondly,a confidence evaluation method for measurement information of adjacent nodes is designed according to the cooperative positioning principle,which comprehensively considers the coupling relationship between influencing factors.Finally,a distributed cooperative navigation filter based on inter-vehicle ranging is designed.Simulation studies show that confidence evaluation method proposed in this paper can effectively characterize the contribution of measurement information to positioning results,and positioning accuracy under the proposed method is improved by more than 15%compared with the traditional screening methods based on optimal geometric configuration and closest distance.展开更多
Chinese Journal of Integrative Nursing(CJIN)is dedicated to promoting the internationalization of Chinese science and technology journals through innovative practices.Its pioneering technology of Authorship Metadata i...Chinese Journal of Integrative Nursing(CJIN)is dedicated to promoting the internationalization of Chinese science and technology journals through innovative practices.Its pioneering technology of Authorship Metadata in Chinese,preserves authors'names in their native languages within global academic databases,demonstrating cultural confidence and enabling accurate tracking of academic achievements.By constructing an open science system,upgrading its technical platform,and ensuring the sustainable dis⁃semination of resources,CJIN is committed to establishing an international academic hub in the field of integrative nursing.It aims to build bridges for cultural exchange,and transmitting the accumulated wisdom of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing.展开更多
In a video that has mesmerized audiences worldwide,a humanoid robot displays a magical move of self-defense,executing a flawless 720-degree spinning kick to knock out a baton held in a human hand.This is Chinese compa...In a video that has mesmerized audiences worldwide,a humanoid robot displays a magical move of self-defense,executing a flawless 720-degree spinning kick to knock out a baton held in a human hand.This is Chinese company Unitree Robotics’G1 robot,embodying the innovation that has propelled China forward as the world’s second largest economy.展开更多
This study used Chinese visiting scholars in the UK as a sample, discussed Chinese visiting scholars' cross-cultural adaptation from the perspectives of linguistic confidence, cultural confidence and academic conf...This study used Chinese visiting scholars in the UK as a sample, discussed Chinese visiting scholars' cross-cultural adaptation from the perspectives of linguistic confidence, cultural confidence and academic confidence, analyzed the correlation among the three types of confidence, and then proposed the concept of establishing a positive international profile of Chinese visiting scholars. It was recommended that Chinese visiting scholars should make more improvements in their cross-cultural adaptation. They should become the representative of China's international image, and play a more active role in further internationalizing of Chinese higher education.展开更多
To accelerate the training of support vector domain description （SVDD）, confidence support vector domain description （CSVDD） is proposed based on the observation that the description boundary is determined by a sm...To accelerate the training of support vector domain description （SVDD）, confidence support vector domain description （CSVDD） is proposed based on the observation that the description boundary is determined by a small subset of training data called support vectors. Namely, the number of training samples in the userdefined sphere is calculated and taken as the confidence measure, according to which the training samples are ranked in ascending order. Those former ranked ones are selected as the boundary targets for the SVDD training. Simulations on UCI data demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of CSVDD： the number of training targets and the training time are reduced without any loss of accuracy.展开更多
Let x 1,x 2,… be independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables, in which x n=0 or 1 and the probability of ｛x n=1｝ is p. Here p is unknown. Let τ be any finite stopping ...Let x 1,x 2,… be independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables, in which x n=0 or 1 and the probability of ｛x n=1｝ is p. Here p is unknown. Let τ be any finite stopping time for (x n,n1). For any sequential sample (x 1,x 2,…,x τ ) and γ∈(0,1), we have given an optimal confidence limit of p with confidence level γ . Some related problems are also discussed.展开更多
Based on the zero-failure data of 30 Chinese 1. 5 MW wind turbine gearboxes( WTGs),the optimal confidence limit method was developed to predict the reliability and reliability lifetime of WTG. Firstly,Bayesian method ...Based on the zero-failure data of 30 Chinese 1. 5 MW wind turbine gearboxes( WTGs),the optimal confidence limit method was developed to predict the reliability and reliability lifetime of WTG. Firstly,Bayesian method and classical probability estimation method were introduced to estimate the value interval of shape parameter considering the engineering practice. Secondly,taking this value interval into the optimal confidence limit method,the reliability and reliability lifetime of WTG could be obtained under different confidence levels. Finally,the results of optimal confidence limit method and Bayesian method were compared. And the comparison results show that the rationality of this estimated range.Meantime, the rule of confidence level selection in the optimal confidence limit method is provided, and the reliability and reliability lifetime prediction of WTG can be acquired.展开更多
To improve the forecasting reliability of travel time, the time-varying confidence interval of travel time on arterials is forecasted using an autoregressive integrated moving average and generalized autoregressive co...To improve the forecasting reliability of travel time, the time-varying confidence interval of travel time on arterials is forecasted using an autoregressive integrated moving average and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity （ARIMA-GARCH） model. In which, the ARIMA model is used as the mean equation of the GARCH model to model the travel time levels and the GARCH model is used to model the conditional variances of travel time. The proposed method is validated and evaluated using actual traffic flow data collected from the traffic monitoring system of Kunshan city. The evaluation results show that, compared with the conventional ARIMA model, the proposed model cannot significantly improve the forecasting performance of travel time levels but has advantage in travel time volatility forecasting. The proposed model can well capture the travel time heteroskedasticity and forecast the time-varying confidence intervals of travel time which can better reflect the volatility of observed travel times than the fixed confidence interval provided by the ARIMA model.展开更多
Thought confidence,a subjective perception of metacognition,and the accompanying self-validated effects that occur when thought confidence is induced after exposure to persuasive messages have recently received increa...Thought confidence,a subjective perception of metacognition,and the accompanying self-validated effects that occur when thought confidence is induced after exposure to persuasive messages have recently received increasing attention from scholars.This construct/mechanism has received little exploration in the past,while there remain important research gaps.One question is whether thought confidence can play different roles when induced at different times;another is whether more variables can be identified which effectively induce confidence in existing or subsequent thoughts.The current paper examines a possible antecedent of thought confidence(i.e.,consumer emotions)and explores the effects of thought confidence induced in consumers before they are exposed to advertisements.The author posited the confidence premise hypothesis,which holds that higher consumer confidence is a prerequisite for the significantly positive effects of argument strength in advertisements.Eighty-one undergraduates participated in a 2(emotions:good moods vs.neutral moods)×2(argument strength:strong arguments vs.weak arguments)between-subjects experiment.Experimental results indicate that consumers'emotions positively affect their confidence in thoughts generated later.There is an anticipated pattern of interaction between emotions and argument strength in affecting advertising effectiveness,which supports the confidence premise hypothesis.The implications of these and other findings are discussed.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to design an evaluation scale of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)confidence and then evaluate its validity and reliability.Methods:Three parallel samples with TCM learning experience were i...Objective:This study aimed to design an evaluation scale of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)confidence and then evaluate its validity and reliability.Methods:Three parallel samples with TCM learning experience were included in this current study.Randomly selected 500 nursing students were included factor analysis and reliability and validity analyses.After 4 weeks,200 nursing students were recruited to retest the reliability.The evaluation tool of TCM confidence included 6 dimensions and 25 entries.Results:Cronbach's a coefficient of the evaluation scale was 0.95 and that of the 6 observed aspects were higher than 0.90,and splithalf reliability was 0.81.For the retest reliability,Cronbach's a coefficient of the evaluation scale was 0.93 and that of the 6 examined aspects was all over 0.80.The index of content validity Scale Content Validity Index(S-CVI)was 0.92 and Item Content Validity Index(I-CVI)was 0.83–1.00.Conclusions:Observed results may indicate that the designed tool can be used to assess the TCM confidence level of students with TCM studied experience and also can evaluate results of TCM education during studying TCM lectures.展开更多
The integration of Chinese medicine self-confidence into the ideological and political courses in colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine is an important plan for the reform and development of teachi...The integration of Chinese medicine self-confidence into the ideological and political courses in colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine is an important plan for the reform and development of teaching. It is also the main starting point for the cultivation of morality and the cultivation of talents. It is also an important measure for the development of traditional Chinese medicine towards characteristics. It integrates the cultural connotation of traditional Chinese medicine with the socialist core values, combines the historical evolution of traditional Chinese medicine culture with the development of modern culture, integrates teaching resources, jointly carries out design, strengthens practice development and innovates teaching strategies, and deeply integrates the confidence of traditional Chinese medicine with the ideological and political courses in traditional Chinese medicine colleges.展开更多
Education on cultural confidence is the main way to strengthen one's cultural confidence while cultural consciousness constitutes a base for cultural confidence.The two would be unified in the process of strengthe...Education on cultural confidence is the main way to strengthen one's cultural confidence while cultural consciousness constitutes a base for cultural confidence.The two would be unified in the process of strengthening cultural confidence.Therefore,there is a logical relationship between them.In order to understand the relationship between education on cultural confidence and cultural consciousness,one needs to have a correct understanding of the scientific connotation of the two and a clear picture that education on cultural confidence would ensure that one would be kept steadfast in cultural consciousness because it does not only establish attitudes in cultural conscious cognition but also act as a guide for internal development.展开更多
Aim： To investigate how erectile dysfunction （ED） medications affect morning erection in patients with ED and how they respond to the return of morning erection. Methods： This study was conducted in 120 patients w...Aim： To investigate how erectile dysfunction （ED） medications affect morning erection in patients with ED and how they respond to the return of morning erection. Methods： This study was conducted in 120 patients who experienced successful intercourse with either tadalafil or sildenafil. Using a random face-to-face interview and a questionnaire （about the quality and number of days getting morning erection after using the two medications）, the impact of the medications on the morning erections was investigated, and the participants were asked about their feelings on regaining morning erection. Results： Of the respondents, 81% （68% of those with sildenafil and 99% of those with tadalafil） experienced morning erections after taking an oral ED medication. The men who took tadalafil mainly for 2 days with one dose, while those who took sildenafil experienced morning erections mainly for 1 day. The major sentiment upon regaining a morning erection was, ＂having more confidence as a man＂ （74%）. Among the 96 respondents who experienced morning erections with tadalafil, 52% preferred tadalafil over sildenafil, not only because of freedom from concerns about a specific time to have relations, but also regaining morning erection. Conclusion： Regaining a morning erection affects the recovery of confidence as a man and influences the preference for tadalafil over sildenafil.展开更多
The random finite difference method(RFDM) is a popular approach to quantitatively evaluate the influence of inherent spatial variability of soil on the deformation of embedded tunnels.However,the high computational co...The random finite difference method(RFDM) is a popular approach to quantitatively evaluate the influence of inherent spatial variability of soil on the deformation of embedded tunnels.However,the high computational cost is an ongoing challenge for its application in complex scenarios.To address this limitation,a deep learning-based method for efficient prediction of tunnel deformation in spatially variable soil is proposed.The proposed method uses one-dimensional convolutional neural network(CNN) to identify the pattern between random field input and factor of safety of tunnel deformation output.The mean squared error and correlation coefficient of the CNN model applied to the newly untrained dataset was less than 0.02 and larger than 0.96,respectively.It means that the trained CNN model can replace RFDM analysis for Monte Carlo simulations with a small but sufficient number of random field samples(about 40 samples for each case in this study).It is well known that the machine learning or deep learning model has a common limitation that the confidence of predicted result is unknown and only a deterministic outcome is given.This calls for an approach to gauge the model’s confidence interval.It is achieved by applying dropout to all layers of the original model to retrain the model and using the dropout technique when performing inference.The excellent agreement between the CNN model prediction and the RFDM calculated results demonstrated that the proposed deep learning-based method has potential for tunnel performance analysis in spatially variable soils.展开更多
A series of safety incidents related to domestically-produced infant formulas(DIFs) almost destroyed Chinese consumer confidence in domestic dairy products. Understanding consumer confidence and its effect on consumpt...A series of safety incidents related to domestically-produced infant formulas(DIFs) almost destroyed Chinese consumer confidence in domestic dairy products. Understanding consumer confidence and its effect on consumption behavior is important to restore consumer confidence and enhance the competitiveness of domestic dairy industry. This article first measures Chinese consumer confidence in DIFs safety using a two-dimension scale(optimism and pessimism) and then investigates its effect on consumers’ preferences for DIFs through a choice experiment. Involving 450 consumers residing in Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang, the experiment elicited information on their preferences for DIFs with six attributes(organic raw milk, farm-to-table traceability, region of origin, quality certification, animal welfare, and price). Our analysis yields four findings. First, Chinese consumers still lack confidence in DIFs safety. Second, quality certification is the most preferred product characteristic, followed by organic raw milk and farm-to-table traceability. Third, serving as a signal of high quality, price exerts a positive impact on choices of DIFs for pessimistic consumers. Finally, consumer preferences for farm-to-table traceability and region of origin are significantly influenced by consumer confidence.展开更多
Classic maximum entropy quantile function method （CMEQFM） based on the probability weighted moments （PWMs） can accurately estimate the quantile function of random variable on small samples, but inaccurately on the...Classic maximum entropy quantile function method （CMEQFM） based on the probability weighted moments （PWMs） can accurately estimate the quantile function of random variable on small samples, but inaccurately on the very small samples. To overcome this weakness, least square maximum entropy quantile function method （LSMEQFM） and that with constraint condition （LSMEQFMCC） are proposed. To improve the confidence level of quantile function estimation, scatter factor method is combined with maximum entropy method to estimate the confidence interval of quantile function. From the comparisons of these methods about two common probability distributions and one engineering application, it is showed that CMEQFM can estimate the quantile function accurately on the small samples but inaccurately on the very small samples （10 samples）; LSMEQFM and LSMEQFMCC can be successfully applied to the very small samples; with consideration of the constraint condition on quantile function, LSMEQFMCC is more stable and computationally accurate than LSMEQFM; scatter factor confidence interval estimation method based on LSMEQFM or LSMEQFMCC has good estimation accuracy on the confidence interval of quantile function, and that based on LSMEQFMCC is the most stable and accurate method on the very small samples （10 samples）.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Monkeypox(Mpox),is a disease of global public health concern,as it does not affect only countries in western and central Africa.AIM To assess Burundi healthcare workers(HCWs)s’level of knowledge and confidence in the diagnosis and management of Mpox.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study via an online survey designed mainly from the World Health Organization course distributed among Burundi HCWs from June-July 2023.The questionnaire comprises 8 socioprofessional-related questions,22 questions about Mpox disease knowledge,and 3 questions to assess confidence in Mpox diagnosis and management.The data were analyzed via SPSS software version 25.0.A P value<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.RESULTS The study sample comprised 471 HCWs who were mainly medical doctors(63.9%)and nurses(30.1%).None of the 22 questions concerning Mpox knowledge had at least 50%correct responses.A very low number of HCWs(17.4%)knew that Mpox has a vaccine.The confidence level to diagnose(21.20%),treat(18.00%)or prevent(23.30%)Mpox was low among HCWs.The confidence level in the diagnosis of Mpox was associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.009),sex(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),and residence(P value<0.001).The confidence level to treat Mpox was significantly associated with the HCWs’age(P value=0.050),sex(P value<0.001),education(P value=0.033)and occupation(P value=0.005).The confidence level to prevent Mpox was associated with the HCWs’education(P value<0.001),work experience(P value=0.002),residence(P value<0.001)and type of work institution(P value=0.003).CONCLUSION This study revealed that HCWs have the lowest level of knowledge regarding Mpox and a lack of confidence in the ability to diagnose,treat or prevent it.There is an urgent need to organize continuing medical education programs on Mpox epidemiology and preparedness for Burundi HCWs.We encourage future researchers to assess potential hesitancy toward Mpox vaccination and its associated factors.
文摘NEW quality productive forces were one of the most frequently mentioned keywords for China’s high-quality development in the past year.The annual Central Economic Work Conference(CEWC)in December that reviewed the economy in 2024 and gave directions for the economic work in 2025 called for balancing fostering new growth drivers and revitalizing old ones while developing new quality productive forces based on local conditions.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62073163,62103285,62203228)National Defense Basic Research Program(No.JCKY2020605C009)+1 种基金Aeronautic Science Foundation of China(Nos.ASFC-2020Z071052001,202055052003)Foundation Strengthening Program Technology 173 Field Fund(No.2021-JCJQ-JJ-0308)。
文摘In order to solve the problem of limited computational resources of multi-unmanned systems airborne navigation platform,a distributed cooperative positioning method based on confidence evaluation is proposed.Firstly,the impact of ranging error,priori information,spatial geometric configuration and adjacent nodes count on cooperative positioning performance are analyzed individually.Secondly,a confidence evaluation method for measurement information of adjacent nodes is designed according to the cooperative positioning principle,which comprehensively considers the coupling relationship between influencing factors.Finally,a distributed cooperative navigation filter based on inter-vehicle ranging is designed.Simulation studies show that confidence evaluation method proposed in this paper can effectively characterize the contribution of measurement information to positioning results,and positioning accuracy under the proposed method is improved by more than 15%compared with the traditional screening methods based on optimal geometric configuration and closest distance.
文摘Chinese Journal of Integrative Nursing(CJIN)is dedicated to promoting the internationalization of Chinese science and technology journals through innovative practices.Its pioneering technology of Authorship Metadata in Chinese,preserves authors'names in their native languages within global academic databases,demonstrating cultural confidence and enabling accurate tracking of academic achievements.By constructing an open science system,upgrading its technical platform,and ensuring the sustainable dis⁃semination of resources,CJIN is committed to establishing an international academic hub in the field of integrative nursing.It aims to build bridges for cultural exchange,and transmitting the accumulated wisdom of Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing.
文摘In a video that has mesmerized audiences worldwide,a humanoid robot displays a magical move of self-defense,executing a flawless 720-degree spinning kick to knock out a baton held in a human hand.This is Chinese company Unitree Robotics’G1 robot,embodying the innovation that has propelled China forward as the world’s second largest economy.
基金funded by China Scholarship Council,CSC No:201800230006。
文摘This study used Chinese visiting scholars in the UK as a sample, discussed Chinese visiting scholars' cross-cultural adaptation from the perspectives of linguistic confidence, cultural confidence and academic confidence, analyzed the correlation among the three types of confidence, and then proposed the concept of establishing a positive international profile of Chinese visiting scholars. It was recommended that Chinese visiting scholars should make more improvements in their cross-cultural adaptation. They should become the representative of China's international image, and play a more active role in further internationalizing of Chinese higher education.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6057407560674108).
文摘To accelerate the training of support vector domain description （SVDD）, confidence support vector domain description （CSVDD） is proposed based on the observation that the description boundary is determined by a small subset of training data called support vectors. Namely, the number of training samples in the userdefined sphere is calculated and taken as the confidence measure, according to which the training samples are ranked in ascending order. Those former ranked ones are selected as the boundary targets for the SVDD training. Simulations on UCI data demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of CSVDD： the number of training targets and the training time are reduced without any loss of accuracy.
文摘Let x 1,x 2,… be independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables, in which x n=0 or 1 and the probability of ｛x n=1｝ is p. Here p is unknown. Let τ be any finite stopping time for (x n,n1). For any sequential sample (x 1,x 2,…,x τ ) and γ∈(0,1), we have given an optimal confidence limit of p with confidence level γ . Some related problems are also discussed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51265025)
文摘Based on the zero-failure data of 30 Chinese 1. 5 MW wind turbine gearboxes( WTGs),the optimal confidence limit method was developed to predict the reliability and reliability lifetime of WTG. Firstly,Bayesian method and classical probability estimation method were introduced to estimate the value interval of shape parameter considering the engineering practice. Secondly,taking this value interval into the optimal confidence limit method,the reliability and reliability lifetime of WTG could be obtained under different confidence levels. Finally,the results of optimal confidence limit method and Bayesian method were compared. And the comparison results show that the rationality of this estimated range.Meantime, the rule of confidence level selection in the optimal confidence limit method is provided, and the reliability and reliability lifetime prediction of WTG can be acquired.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51108079)
文摘To improve the forecasting reliability of travel time, the time-varying confidence interval of travel time on arterials is forecasted using an autoregressive integrated moving average and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity （ARIMA-GARCH） model. In which, the ARIMA model is used as the mean equation of the GARCH model to model the travel time levels and the GARCH model is used to model the conditional variances of travel time. The proposed method is validated and evaluated using actual traffic flow data collected from the traffic monitoring system of Kunshan city. The evaluation results show that, compared with the conventional ARIMA model, the proposed model cannot significantly improve the forecasting performance of travel time levels but has advantage in travel time volatility forecasting. The proposed model can well capture the travel time heteroskedasticity and forecast the time-varying confidence intervals of travel time which can better reflect the volatility of observed travel times than the fixed confidence interval provided by the ARIMA model.
文摘Thought confidence,a subjective perception of metacognition,and the accompanying self-validated effects that occur when thought confidence is induced after exposure to persuasive messages have recently received increasing attention from scholars.This construct/mechanism has received little exploration in the past,while there remain important research gaps.One question is whether thought confidence can play different roles when induced at different times;another is whether more variables can be identified which effectively induce confidence in existing or subsequent thoughts.The current paper examines a possible antecedent of thought confidence(i.e.,consumer emotions)and explores the effects of thought confidence induced in consumers before they are exposed to advertisements.The author posited the confidence premise hypothesis,which holds that higher consumer confidence is a prerequisite for the significantly positive effects of argument strength in advertisements.Eighty-one undergraduates participated in a 2(emotions:good moods vs.neutral moods)×2(argument strength:strong arguments vs.weak arguments)between-subjects experiment.Experimental results indicate that consumers'emotions positively affect their confidence in thoughts generated later.There is an anticipated pattern of interaction between emotions and argument strength in affecting advertising effectiveness,which supports the confidence premise hypothesis.The implications of these and other findings are discussed.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to design an evaluation scale of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)confidence and then evaluate its validity and reliability.Methods:Three parallel samples with TCM learning experience were included in this current study.Randomly selected 500 nursing students were included factor analysis and reliability and validity analyses.After 4 weeks,200 nursing students were recruited to retest the reliability.The evaluation tool of TCM confidence included 6 dimensions and 25 entries.Results:Cronbach's a coefficient of the evaluation scale was 0.95 and that of the 6 observed aspects were higher than 0.90,and splithalf reliability was 0.81.For the retest reliability,Cronbach's a coefficient of the evaluation scale was 0.93 and that of the 6 examined aspects was all over 0.80.The index of content validity Scale Content Validity Index(S-CVI)was 0.92 and Item Content Validity Index(I-CVI)was 0.83–1.00.Conclusions:Observed results may indicate that the designed tool can be used to assess the TCM confidence level of students with TCM studied experience and also can evaluate results of TCM education during studying TCM lectures.
文摘The integration of Chinese medicine self-confidence into the ideological and political courses in colleges and universities of traditional Chinese medicine is an important plan for the reform and development of teaching. It is also the main starting point for the cultivation of morality and the cultivation of talents. It is also an important measure for the development of traditional Chinese medicine towards characteristics. It integrates the cultural connotation of traditional Chinese medicine with the socialist core values, combines the historical evolution of traditional Chinese medicine culture with the development of modern culture, integrates teaching resources, jointly carries out design, strengthens practice development and innovates teaching strategies, and deeply integrates the confidence of traditional Chinese medicine with the ideological and political courses in traditional Chinese medicine colleges.
文摘Education on cultural confidence is the main way to strengthen one's cultural confidence while cultural consciousness constitutes a base for cultural confidence.The two would be unified in the process of strengthening cultural confidence.Therefore,there is a logical relationship between them.In order to understand the relationship between education on cultural confidence and cultural consciousness,one needs to have a correct understanding of the scientific connotation of the two and a clear picture that education on cultural confidence would ensure that one would be kept steadfast in cultural consciousness because it does not only establish attitudes in cultural conscious cognition but also act as a guide for internal development.
文摘Aim： To investigate how erectile dysfunction （ED） medications affect morning erection in patients with ED and how they respond to the return of morning erection. Methods： This study was conducted in 120 patients who experienced successful intercourse with either tadalafil or sildenafil. Using a random face-to-face interview and a questionnaire （about the quality and number of days getting morning erection after using the two medications）, the impact of the medications on the morning erections was investigated, and the participants were asked about their feelings on regaining morning erection. Results： Of the respondents, 81% （68% of those with sildenafil and 99% of those with tadalafil） experienced morning erections after taking an oral ED medication. The men who took tadalafil mainly for 2 days with one dose, while those who took sildenafil experienced morning erections mainly for 1 day. The major sentiment upon regaining a morning erection was, ＂having more confidence as a man＂ （74%）. Among the 96 respondents who experienced morning erections with tadalafil, 52% preferred tadalafil over sildenafil, not only because of freedom from concerns about a specific time to have relations, but also regaining morning erection. Conclusion： Regaining a morning erection affects the recovery of confidence as a man and influences the preference for tadalafil over sildenafil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52130805 and 52022070)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Program(Grant No.20dz1202200)。
文摘The random finite difference method(RFDM) is a popular approach to quantitatively evaluate the influence of inherent spatial variability of soil on the deformation of embedded tunnels.However,the high computational cost is an ongoing challenge for its application in complex scenarios.To address this limitation,a deep learning-based method for efficient prediction of tunnel deformation in spatially variable soil is proposed.The proposed method uses one-dimensional convolutional neural network(CNN) to identify the pattern between random field input and factor of safety of tunnel deformation output.The mean squared error and correlation coefficient of the CNN model applied to the newly untrained dataset was less than 0.02 and larger than 0.96,respectively.It means that the trained CNN model can replace RFDM analysis for Monte Carlo simulations with a small but sufficient number of random field samples(about 40 samples for each case in this study).It is well known that the machine learning or deep learning model has a common limitation that the confidence of predicted result is unknown and only a deterministic outcome is given.This calls for an approach to gauge the model’s confidence interval.It is achieved by applying dropout to all layers of the original model to retrain the model and using the dropout technique when performing inference.The excellent agreement between the CNN model prediction and the RFDM calculated results demonstrated that the proposed deep learning-based method has potential for tunnel performance analysis in spatially variable soils.
基金funded by a grant from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China (05162130111242003)Sino-Dutch Dairy Development Centre (SDDDC2017R02)
文摘A series of safety incidents related to domestically-produced infant formulas(DIFs) almost destroyed Chinese consumer confidence in domestic dairy products. Understanding consumer confidence and its effect on consumption behavior is important to restore consumer confidence and enhance the competitiveness of domestic dairy industry. This article first measures Chinese consumer confidence in DIFs safety using a two-dimension scale(optimism and pessimism) and then investigates its effect on consumers’ preferences for DIFs through a choice experiment. Involving 450 consumers residing in Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang, the experiment elicited information on their preferences for DIFs with six attributes(organic raw milk, farm-to-table traceability, region of origin, quality certification, animal welfare, and price). Our analysis yields four findings. First, Chinese consumers still lack confidence in DIFs safety. Second, quality certification is the most preferred product characteristic, followed by organic raw milk and farm-to-table traceability. Third, serving as a signal of high quality, price exerts a positive impact on choices of DIFs for pessimistic consumers. Finally, consumer preferences for farm-to-table traceability and region of origin are significantly influenced by consumer confidence.
文摘Classic maximum entropy quantile function method （CMEQFM） based on the probability weighted moments （PWMs） can accurately estimate the quantile function of random variable on small samples, but inaccurately on the very small samples. To overcome this weakness, least square maximum entropy quantile function method （LSMEQFM） and that with constraint condition （LSMEQFMCC） are proposed. To improve the confidence level of quantile function estimation, scatter factor method is combined with maximum entropy method to estimate the confidence interval of quantile function. From the comparisons of these methods about two common probability distributions and one engineering application, it is showed that CMEQFM can estimate the quantile function accurately on the small samples but inaccurately on the very small samples （10 samples）; LSMEQFM and LSMEQFMCC can be successfully applied to the very small samples; with consideration of the constraint condition on quantile function, LSMEQFMCC is more stable and computationally accurate than LSMEQFM; scatter factor confidence interval estimation method based on LSMEQFM or LSMEQFMCC has good estimation accuracy on the confidence interval of quantile function, and that based on LSMEQFMCC is the most stable and accurate method on the very small samples （10 samples）.
