Long-span bridges are special structures that require advanced analysis techniques to examine their performance. This paper presents a procedure developed to model the Confederation Bridge using 3-D beam elements. The...Long-span bridges are special structures that require advanced analysis techniques to examine their performance. This paper presents a procedure developed to model the Confederation Bridge using 3-D beam elements. The model was validated using the data collected before the opening of the bridge to the public. The bridge was instrumented to conduct fullscale static and dynamic tests. The static tests were to measure the deflection of the bridge pier while the dynamic tests to measure the free vibrations of the pier due to a sudden release of the static load. Confederation Bridge is one of the longest reinforced concrete bridges in the world. It connects the province of Prince Edward Island and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. Due to its strategic location and vital role as a transportation link between these two provinces, it was designed using higher safety factors than those for typical highway bridges. After validating the present numerical model, a procedure was developed to evaluate the performance of similar bridges subjected to traffic and seismic loads. It is of interest to note that the foundation stiffness and the modulus of elasticity of the concrete have significant effects on the structural responses of the Confederation Bridge.展开更多
It is the purpose of this paper to reexamine the systematic process by which James Longstreet became the scapegoat for the defeat of the Battle of Gettysburg and consequently caused the South to lose her chance to bec...It is the purpose of this paper to reexamine the systematic process by which James Longstreet became the scapegoat for the defeat of the Battle of Gettysburg and consequently caused the South to lose her chance to become an independent country. James Longstreet played a crucial role in the American Civil War. He was Robert E. Lee＇s hand chosen Senior Lt. General, commanding the 1st Corp of the Army of northern Virginia. At the close of the war, he was a highly respected and accomplished general. However, following the death of Robert E. Lee, Longstreet＇s military reputation came under severe criticism. Without Lee to dispute the controversial allegations, the public accepted them as true. This organized effort of a small group of Confederate officers to destroy Longstreet＇s military accomplishment was also known as The Lost Cause Writers.展开更多
Testbed technology is very important in the development of the Internet. Similar to the present internet, next generation internet also starts from testbed. There are two kinds of testbeds, testbed networks like CNGI-...Testbed technology is very important in the development of the Internet. Similar to the present internet, next generation internet also starts from testbed. There are two kinds of testbeds, testbed networks like CNGI-CERNET2, Internet2, Geant; testbed systems like PlanetLab, NS2. DRAGON-Lab can be viewed as both testbed network and testbed system. DRAGON-Lab is an independent AS （autonomous system） and connected to multiple real networks. On the other hand, DRAGON-Lab integrates many resources of its own, partners＇ and internet＇s, so as to provide open service. DRAGON-Lab has a large scale, provides open service, supports remote visualized experiments and programmable experiments. More details will be introduced in this paper.展开更多
Distributed research ＆ academic gigabits open network lab （DRAGON-lab） is the only test-bed for research purpose related to next generation interact （NGI） which based on the confederation network using three laye...Distributed research ＆ academic gigabits open network lab （DRAGON-lab） is the only test-bed for research purpose related to next generation interact （NGI） which based on the confederation network using three layers cloud structure. As an essential part of NGI, the research related to the Internet of things （loT） devices should be applied on the DRAGON-lab platform. This paper proposes an approach to converging the IoT devices to confederation network by integrating each layer of cloud structure between DRAGON-lab and IoT. This research activity extends the use of DRAGON-lab, makes the IoT and wireless sensor network （WSN） devices working well in the confederation network. It was also a foundational research for three layers cloud structure, which could be reused for other related research. Finally, it finishes the preparation work for IoT internet protocol version 6 （IPv6） devices research in DRAGON-Jab, which is essential for the NGI.展开更多
The nation can be broken down into two categories： ＂ancient nations＂ and ＂modern nations.＂ The ancient Huaxia nation went through two phases in the course of its formation： the self-existent nation and the self-...The nation can be broken down into two categories： ＂ancient nations＂ and ＂modern nations.＂ The ancient Huaxia nation went through two phases in the course of its formation： the self-existent nation and the self-aware nation. The reason the self-existent Huaxia nation1 arose in the Xia and Shang period lies in its unified yet diverse composite state structure that could encompass a variety of buzu within the framework of a dynastic state. The pre-Xia Five Emperors period saw the genesis of the Huaxia nation. During this period, different buzu states were cemented into a diverse yet unified nation-state through a confederation of chiefdoms.展开更多
文摘Long-span bridges are special structures that require advanced analysis techniques to examine their performance. This paper presents a procedure developed to model the Confederation Bridge using 3-D beam elements. The model was validated using the data collected before the opening of the bridge to the public. The bridge was instrumented to conduct fullscale static and dynamic tests. The static tests were to measure the deflection of the bridge pier while the dynamic tests to measure the free vibrations of the pier due to a sudden release of the static load. Confederation Bridge is one of the longest reinforced concrete bridges in the world. It connects the province of Prince Edward Island and the province of New Brunswick in Canada. Due to its strategic location and vital role as a transportation link between these two provinces, it was designed using higher safety factors than those for typical highway bridges. After validating the present numerical model, a procedure was developed to evaluate the performance of similar bridges subjected to traffic and seismic loads. It is of interest to note that the foundation stiffness and the modulus of elasticity of the concrete have significant effects on the structural responses of the Confederation Bridge.
文摘It is the purpose of this paper to reexamine the systematic process by which James Longstreet became the scapegoat for the defeat of the Battle of Gettysburg and consequently caused the South to lose her chance to become an independent country. James Longstreet played a crucial role in the American Civil War. He was Robert E. Lee＇s hand chosen Senior Lt. General, commanding the 1st Corp of the Army of northern Virginia. At the close of the war, he was a highly respected and accomplished general. However, following the death of Robert E. Lee, Longstreet＇s military reputation came under severe criticism. Without Lee to dispute the controversial allegations, the public accepted them as true. This organized effort of a small group of Confederate officers to destroy Longstreet＇s military accomplishment was also known as The Lost Cause Writers.
基金the National Basic Research Development Program of China (Grant No. 2003CB314807)the National High-Tech Research & Development Program of China (Grant No. 2005AA112130)
文摘Testbed technology is very important in the development of the Internet. Similar to the present internet, next generation internet also starts from testbed. There are two kinds of testbeds, testbed networks like CNGI-CERNET2, Internet2, Geant; testbed systems like PlanetLab, NS2. DRAGON-Lab can be viewed as both testbed network and testbed system. DRAGON-Lab is an independent AS （autonomous system） and connected to multiple real networks. On the other hand, DRAGON-Lab integrates many resources of its own, partners＇ and internet＇s, so as to provide open service. DRAGON-Lab has a large scale, provides open service, supports remote visualized experiments and programmable experiments. More details will be introduced in this paper.
文摘Distributed research ＆ academic gigabits open network lab （DRAGON-lab） is the only test-bed for research purpose related to next generation interact （NGI） which based on the confederation network using three layers cloud structure. As an essential part of NGI, the research related to the Internet of things （loT） devices should be applied on the DRAGON-lab platform. This paper proposes an approach to converging the IoT devices to confederation network by integrating each layer of cloud structure between DRAGON-lab and IoT. This research activity extends the use of DRAGON-lab, makes the IoT and wireless sensor network （WSN） devices working well in the confederation network. It was also a foundational research for three layers cloud structure, which could be reused for other related research. Finally, it finishes the preparation work for IoT internet protocol version 6 （IPv6） devices research in DRAGON-Jab, which is essential for the NGI.
基金part of the fruits of the National Key Program for Social Sciences on"Theories and Methodologies in Research on the Origins of China"(Grant No.:12&ZD133) in 2012funded by Shanghai Higher Education’s Connotation Construction Project("085 Project") of Sociology
文摘The nation can be broken down into two categories： ＂ancient nations＂ and ＂modern nations.＂ The ancient Huaxia nation went through two phases in the course of its formation： the self-existent nation and the self-aware nation. The reason the self-existent Huaxia nation1 arose in the Xia and Shang period lies in its unified yet diverse composite state structure that could encompass a variety of buzu within the framework of a dynastic state. The pre-Xia Five Emperors period saw the genesis of the Huaxia nation. During this period, different buzu states were cemented into a diverse yet unified nation-state through a confederation of chiefdoms.
