In this paper, instead of with the more expensive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) a new technique of Temperature Programmed Transient Response(TP-TR) has been used with gas chromatography. Therefore, the...In this paper, instead of with the more expensive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) a new technique of Temperature Programmed Transient Response(TP-TR) has been used with gas chromatography. Therefore, the TP-TR will be applied more widespreadly than ever before. With the technique of TP-TR and electric conductivity, the study is on the reaction mechanism and the adsorption behavior of the reactants and products to the present catalyst Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 in the reaction from ethane through oxydehydrogenation to ethylene as the product. By Range-Kutta-Gill and Margarat methods, the kinetic parameters of the reaction elementary steps (i.e. rate constants, active energies and frequency factors) have been evaluated. The mathematical treatment coincides with the experimental results.展开更多
An analysis between the hourly distribution of earthquakes in three areas of the Caribbean and the high-frequency variations of the geomagnetic field is presented. The number of earthquakes selected for each zone is b...An analysis between the hourly distribution of earthquakes in three areas of the Caribbean and the high-frequency variations of the geomagnetic field is presented. The number of earthquakes selected for each zone is between 10,000 and 43,000, which guarantees a statistically significant distribution. The hourly distributions of seismicity in all areas show a bay-shape distribution with a significant increase in the number of earthquakes at night, from 11 PM to 5 AM. For example, in eastern Cuba 36.7% of earthquakes occur at that time, representing 11.7% over 25% in the absence of any time preference. Geomagnetic disturbances were compiled from several years to be able to make a statistically significant hourly distribution of their occurrence, being determined by sudden changes in the magnetic field at a short period of 1 minute. In this sense, geomagnetic data were processed between the years 2011-2016, recorded by the geostationary satellite GOES13 and the magnetic ground station SJG in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The result shows a significant </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">correlation between hourly earthquakes distribution and high-frequency </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">geomagnetic variations. The time-varying conductivity response of Earth’s interior also correlates with seismicity. The theory behind this correlation could be related to the piezoelectric phenomena and the electromagnetic force induced when the magnetic field is disturbed.展开更多
A strategy was developed for the synthesis of highly ordered 2D arrays of Ag-PNIPAM hybrid microgel. The highly ordered 2D arrays of PNIPAM microgel were prepared by dispersing PNIPAM microgel on a charge-reversible s...A strategy was developed for the synthesis of highly ordered 2D arrays of Ag-PNIPAM hybrid microgel. The highly ordered 2D arrays of PNIPAM microgel were prepared by dispersing PNIPAM microgel on a charge-reversible substrate. The microgel spheres self-assembled into a 3D colloidal crystal, and the first 111 plane was fixed in situ onto the substrate as a result of spontaneous charge reversal of the substrate, leaving a high-quality 2D array of PNIPAM microgel. Ag nanoparticles were then synthesized in situ inside the microgel spheres by introduction of Ag＋ ions into the microgel spheres and reduction with sodium borohydride. The resulting 2D arrays are highly ordered. The inter-particle distance in the array can be tuned. In addition, the method allows the synthesis of large size arrays and the use of nonplanar substrate.展开更多
Crystalline complexes that exhibited light switchable proton conductivity are of great interest but still a challenge in material science.Herein,a terbium phosphonate chain complex was synthesized through assembly of ...Crystalline complexes that exhibited light switchable proton conductivity are of great interest but still a challenge in material science.Herein,a terbium phosphonate chain complex was synthesized through assembly of electron-rich phosphonate units,electron-deficient polypyridine components and paramagnetic Tb^(3+)ions.Via light irradiation and heat treatment,the photogenerated radicals could simultaneously and reversibly tune the photochromic,luminescent and magnetic properties.Originating from the abundant hydrogen bonding networks formed between PO_3 groups and lattice water molecules,proton conductive behaviour was explored with high proton conductivity of(1.74±0.19)×10^(-3)S cm^(-1)at 80°C and 100%relative humidity.Importantly,accompanied with the colorless sample changed to blue,the proton conductivity increased about 20%after room temperature light illumination,implying that light irradiation could act as an external stimulus to enhance the conductive properties of original material.This work innovatively realized the light responsive conductive property in the electron transfer photochromic materials,providing a novel strategy for the construction of smart materials.展开更多
Thermal quenching has been known to entangle with luminescence naturally,which is primarily driven by a multi-phonon relaxation(MPR)process.Considering that MPR and the phonon-assisted energy transfer(PAET)process may...Thermal quenching has been known to entangle with luminescence naturally,which is primarily driven by a multi-phonon relaxation(MPR)process.Considering that MPR and the phonon-assisted energy transfer(PAET)process may interact cooperatively plays a critical role in conducting the thermal response of luminescence thermometry.Herein,an energy mismatch system of Yb^(3+)∕Ho^(3+)∕Er^(3+)co-dopedβ -Na Lu F4hollow microtubes was delicately proposed to combat thermal quenching of near-infrared(NIR)-Ⅱ luminescence of Ho^(3+)via premeditated Er^(3+)-mediated PAET processes under 980 nm excitation.Meanwhile,the mechanism of antithermal quenching is attributed to the Er^(3+)as an energy trap center to facilitate the PAET process,thereby enabling a considerable energy transfer efficiency of over 80%between Er^(3+)and Ho^(3+)without Yb^(3+)ions as sensitizers.Leveraging the accelerated PAET process at increased temperature and superior emission,the phonontuned NIR-Ⅱ ratiometric thermometers were achieved based on fluoride beyond the reported oxide host,enabling excellent relative sensitivity and resolution(S_(r)=0.57%K-1,δT=0.77 K).This work extends the significant effect of PAET on overcoming the notorious thermal quenching,and offers a unique physical insight for constructing phonon-tuned ratiometric luminescence thermometry.展开更多
Purpose-Detecting emotion on user experience of web applications and browsing is important in many ways.Web designers and developers find such approach quite useful in enhancing navigational features of webpages,and b...Purpose-Detecting emotion on user experience of web applications and browsing is important in many ways.Web designers and developers find such approach quite useful in enhancing navigational features of webpages,and biomedical personnel regularly use computer simulations to monitor and control the behaviour of patients.On the other hand,law enforcement agents rely on human physiological functions to determine the likelihood of falsehood in interrogations.Quite often,online user experience is studied via tangible measures such as task completion time,surveys and comprehensive tests from which data attributes are generated.Prediction of users’emotion and behaviour in some of these cases depends mostly on task completion time and number of clicks per given time interval.However,such approaches are generally subjective and rely heavily on distributional assumptions making the results prone to recording errors.Design/methodology/approach-The authors propose a novel method-a window dynamic control system that addresses the foregoing issues.Primary data were obtained from laboratory experiments during which forty-four volunteers had their synchronised physiological readings,skin conductance response(SCR),skin temperature(ST),eye movement behaviour and users’activity attributes taken using biosensors.The windowbased dynamic control system(PHYCOB I)is integrated to the biosensor which collects secondary data attributes from these synchronised physiological readings and uses them for two purposes.For both detection of optimal emotional responses and users’stress levels.The method’s novelty derives from its ability to integrate physiological readings and eye movement records to identify hidden correlates on a webpage.Findings-Results show that the control system detects basic emotions and outperforms other conventional models in terms of both accuracy and reliability,when subjected to model comparison that is,the average recoverable natural structures for the three models with respect to accuracy and reliability are more consistent within the window-based control system environment than with the conventional methods.Research limitations/implications-The paper is limited to using a window control system to detect emotions on webpages,while integrated to biosensors and eye-tracker.Originality/value-The originality of the proposed model is its resistance to overfitting and its ability to automatically assess human emotion(stress levels)while dealing with specific web contents.The latter is particularly important in that it can be used to predict which contents of webpages cause stress-induced emotions to users when involved in online activities.展开更多
文摘In this paper, instead of with the more expensive Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer(FTIR) a new technique of Temperature Programmed Transient Response(TP-TR) has been used with gas chromatography. Therefore, the TP-TR will be applied more widespreadly than ever before. With the technique of TP-TR and electric conductivity, the study is on the reaction mechanism and the adsorption behavior of the reactants and products to the present catalyst Mo-V-Nb/Al_2O_3 in the reaction from ethane through oxydehydrogenation to ethylene as the product. By Range-Kutta-Gill and Margarat methods, the kinetic parameters of the reaction elementary steps (i.e. rate constants, active energies and frequency factors) have been evaluated. The mathematical treatment coincides with the experimental results.
文摘An analysis between the hourly distribution of earthquakes in three areas of the Caribbean and the high-frequency variations of the geomagnetic field is presented. The number of earthquakes selected for each zone is between 10,000 and 43,000, which guarantees a statistically significant distribution. The hourly distributions of seismicity in all areas show a bay-shape distribution with a significant increase in the number of earthquakes at night, from 11 PM to 5 AM. For example, in eastern Cuba 36.7% of earthquakes occur at that time, representing 11.7% over 25% in the absence of any time preference. Geomagnetic disturbances were compiled from several years to be able to make a statistically significant hourly distribution of their occurrence, being determined by sudden changes in the magnetic field at a short period of 1 minute. In this sense, geomagnetic data were processed between the years 2011-2016, recorded by the geostationary satellite GOES13 and the magnetic ground station SJG in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The result shows a significant </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">correlation between hourly earthquakes distribution and high-frequency </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">geomagnetic variations. The time-varying conductivity response of Earth’s interior also correlates with seismicity. The theory behind this correlation could be related to the piezoelectric phenomena and the electromagnetic force induced when the magnetic field is disturbed.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21374048 and 51625302)Tianjin Committee of Science and Technology(No.16JCZDJC32900)
文摘A strategy was developed for the synthesis of highly ordered 2D arrays of Ag-PNIPAM hybrid microgel. The highly ordered 2D arrays of PNIPAM microgel were prepared by dispersing PNIPAM microgel on a charge-reversible substrate. The microgel spheres self-assembled into a 3D colloidal crystal, and the first 111 plane was fixed in situ onto the substrate as a result of spontaneous charge reversal of the substrate, leaving a high-quality 2D array of PNIPAM microgel. Ag nanoparticles were then synthesized in situ inside the microgel spheres by introduction of Ag＋ ions into the microgel spheres and reduction with sodium borohydride. The resulting 2D arrays are highly ordered. The inter-particle distance in the array can be tuned. In addition, the method allows the synthesis of large size arrays and the use of nonplanar substrate.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21901133,22071125,22071126,21571111)Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province(2019GGX102006)。
文摘Crystalline complexes that exhibited light switchable proton conductivity are of great interest but still a challenge in material science.Herein,a terbium phosphonate chain complex was synthesized through assembly of electron-rich phosphonate units,electron-deficient polypyridine components and paramagnetic Tb^(3+)ions.Via light irradiation and heat treatment,the photogenerated radicals could simultaneously and reversibly tune the photochromic,luminescent and magnetic properties.Originating from the abundant hydrogen bonding networks formed between PO_3 groups and lattice water molecules,proton conductive behaviour was explored with high proton conductivity of(1.74±0.19)×10^(-3)S cm^(-1)at 80°C and 100%relative humidity.Importantly,accompanied with the colorless sample changed to blue,the proton conductivity increased about 20%after room temperature light illumination,implying that light irradiation could act as an external stimulus to enhance the conductive properties of original material.This work innovatively realized the light responsive conductive property in the electron transfer photochromic materials,providing a novel strategy for the construction of smart materials.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12374374)Key Projects of Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Plan(20230201060GX)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program(Grade C)of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20232239)Graduate Innovation Fund of Jilin University(2023CX043)。
文摘Thermal quenching has been known to entangle with luminescence naturally,which is primarily driven by a multi-phonon relaxation(MPR)process.Considering that MPR and the phonon-assisted energy transfer(PAET)process may interact cooperatively plays a critical role in conducting the thermal response of luminescence thermometry.Herein,an energy mismatch system of Yb^(3+)∕Ho^(3+)∕Er^(3+)co-dopedβ -Na Lu F4hollow microtubes was delicately proposed to combat thermal quenching of near-infrared(NIR)-Ⅱ luminescence of Ho^(3+)via premeditated Er^(3+)-mediated PAET processes under 980 nm excitation.Meanwhile,the mechanism of antithermal quenching is attributed to the Er^(3+)as an energy trap center to facilitate the PAET process,thereby enabling a considerable energy transfer efficiency of over 80%between Er^(3+)and Ho^(3+)without Yb^(3+)ions as sensitizers.Leveraging the accelerated PAET process at increased temperature and superior emission,the phonontuned NIR-Ⅱ ratiometric thermometers were achieved based on fluoride beyond the reported oxide host,enabling excellent relative sensitivity and resolution(S_(r)=0.57%K-1,δT=0.77 K).This work extends the significant effect of PAET on overcoming the notorious thermal quenching,and offers a unique physical insight for constructing phonon-tuned ratiometric luminescence thermometry.
文摘Purpose-Detecting emotion on user experience of web applications and browsing is important in many ways.Web designers and developers find such approach quite useful in enhancing navigational features of webpages,and biomedical personnel regularly use computer simulations to monitor and control the behaviour of patients.On the other hand,law enforcement agents rely on human physiological functions to determine the likelihood of falsehood in interrogations.Quite often,online user experience is studied via tangible measures such as task completion time,surveys and comprehensive tests from which data attributes are generated.Prediction of users’emotion and behaviour in some of these cases depends mostly on task completion time and number of clicks per given time interval.However,such approaches are generally subjective and rely heavily on distributional assumptions making the results prone to recording errors.Design/methodology/approach-The authors propose a novel method-a window dynamic control system that addresses the foregoing issues.Primary data were obtained from laboratory experiments during which forty-four volunteers had their synchronised physiological readings,skin conductance response(SCR),skin temperature(ST),eye movement behaviour and users’activity attributes taken using biosensors.The windowbased dynamic control system(PHYCOB I)is integrated to the biosensor which collects secondary data attributes from these synchronised physiological readings and uses them for two purposes.For both detection of optimal emotional responses and users’stress levels.The method’s novelty derives from its ability to integrate physiological readings and eye movement records to identify hidden correlates on a webpage.Findings-Results show that the control system detects basic emotions and outperforms other conventional models in terms of both accuracy and reliability,when subjected to model comparison that is,the average recoverable natural structures for the three models with respect to accuracy and reliability are more consistent within the window-based control system environment than with the conventional methods.Research limitations/implications-The paper is limited to using a window control system to detect emotions on webpages,while integrated to biosensors and eye-tracker.Originality/value-The originality of the proposed model is its resistance to overfitting and its ability to automatically assess human emotion(stress levels)while dealing with specific web contents.The latter is particularly important in that it can be used to predict which contents of webpages cause stress-induced emotions to users when involved in online activities.
