BACKGROUND The gold standard for colorectal polyp screening is currently colonoscopy,but the miss rate is still high and the adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate are still low.The risk factors include the p...BACKGROUND The gold standard for colorectal polyp screening is currently colonoscopy,but the miss rate is still high and the adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate are still low.The risk factors include the patient,operators,and the tools used.The use of artificial intelligence(AI)in colonoscopy has gained popularity by assisting endoscopists in the detection and characterization of polyps.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of AI-assisted colonoscopy[computer assisted diagnosis(CAD)eye function]for colorectal polyp characterization.METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design conducted at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in January-May 2024 on adult patients with suspected colorectal polyps.RESULTS A total of 60 patients with 100 polyps were involved in this study.Based on the results of the examination,it was found that the AI CAD eye function examination had a sensitivity of 79.17%,specificity of 75.00%,positive predictive value(PPV)of 89.06%,negative predictive value(NPV)of 58.33%,and accuracy of 78.00%.In polyps with diminutive size,sensitivity was 86.27%,specificity was 60.00%,PPV was 95.65%,NPV was 30.00%,and accuracy was 83.93%.Meanwhile,in polyps with non-diminutive size,sensitivity was 61.90%,specificity was 78.26%,PPV was 72.22%,NPV was 69.23%,and accuracy was 70.45%.In polyps on the left side of the colon,sensitivity was 78.85%,specificity was 81.25%,PPV was 93.18%,NPV was 54.17%,and accuracy was 79.41%.Meanwhile,in rightsided polyps the sensitivity was 80.00%,specificity was 66.67%,PPV was 80.00%,NPV was 66.67%,and accuracy was 75.00%.In sessile polyps the sensitivity was 81.54%,specificity was 50.00%,PPV was 91.38%,NPV was 29.41%,and accuracy was 77.33%.Meanwhile,in non-sessile polyps,the sensitivity was 57.14%,specificity was 88.89%,PPV was 66.67%,NPV was 84.21%,and accuracy was 80.00%.CONCLUSION AI CAD eye function examination had a high sensitivity value in diminutive,sessile polyps and right-sided polyps and a high specificity in non-diminutive,non-sessile polyps and left-sided polyps.展开更多
An upconversion nanoparticle(NaErF_(4)∶Yb/Tm@NaLuF_(4)∶Yb@NaLuF_(4)∶Nd/Yb@NaLuF_(4),noted as UC)was designed,emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser.The mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2))shell co‑doped with chlorin e6(C...An upconversion nanoparticle(NaErF_(4)∶Yb/Tm@NaLuF_(4)∶Yb@NaLuF_(4)∶Nd/Yb@NaLuF_(4),noted as UC)was designed,emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser.The mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2))shell co‑doped with chlorin e6(Ce6)and triethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H‑nonafluorohexyl)silane(TFS)was coated on the outer layer of UC,and then a layer of HKUST‑1 shell was coated.The obtained nanocomposite UC@Ce6/TFS@mSiO_(2)@HKUST‑1(noted as UCTSH)was used for the synergistic treatment of chemodynamic therapy(CDT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT).Interestingly,the nanostructures can specifically re lease Cu^(2+)in the acidic tumor microenvironment.Cu^(2+)reacts with excess hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in the tumor microenvironment to form cytotoxic hydroxyl radical.Secondly,Ce6,with the action of oxygen‑carrying TFS,selectively produces a large amount of singlet oxygen by 808 nm laser irradiation.UCTSH can enhance the anti‑tumor effects of PDT and CDT by increasing the production level of reactive oxygen species,without causing damage to normal cells.展开更多
BACKGROUND Knowledge-based systems(KBS)are software applications based on a knowledge database and an inference engine.Various experimental KBS for computerassisted medical diagnosis and treatment were started to be u...BACKGROUND Knowledge-based systems(KBS)are software applications based on a knowledge database and an inference engine.Various experimental KBS for computerassisted medical diagnosis and treatment were started to be used since 70s(VisualDx,GIDEON,DXPlain,CADUCEUS,Internist-I,Mycin etc.).AIM To present in detail the“Electronic Pediatrician(EPed)”,a medical non-machine learning artificial intelligence(nml-AI)KBS in its prototype version created by the corresponding author(with database written in Romanian)that offers a physiopathology-based differential and positive diagnosis and treatment of ill children.METHODS EPed specifically focuses on the physiopathological reasoning of pediatric clinical cases.EPed has currently reached its prototype version 2.0,being able to diagnose 302 physiopathological macro-links(briefly named“clusters”)and 269 pediatric diseases:Some examples of diagnosis and a previous testing of EPed on a group of 34 patients are also presented in this paper.RESULTS The prototype EPed can currently diagnose 269 pediatric infectious and noninfectious diseases(based on 302 clusters),including the most frequent respiratory/digestive/renal/central nervous system infections,but also many other noninfectious pediatric diseases like autoimmune,oncological,genetical diseases and even intoxications,plus some important surgical pathologies.CONCLUSION EPed is the first and only physiopathology-based nml-AI KBS focused on general pediatrics and is the first and only pediatric Romanian KBS addressed to medical professionals.Furthermore,EPed is the first and only nml-AI KBS that offers not only both a physiopathology-based differential and positive disease diagnosis,but also identifies possible physiopathological“clusters”that may explain the signs and symptoms of any child-patient and may help treating that patient physiopathologically(until a final diagnosis is found),thus encouraging and developing the physiopathological reasoning of any clinician.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant complication in cancer therapy,limiting treatment efficacy and worsening patient outcomes.Recent studies have implicated the gut microbiome and its key m...BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant complication in cancer therapy,limiting treatment efficacy and worsening patient outcomes.Recent studies have implicated the gut microbiome and its key metabolites,such as shortchain fatty acids(SCFAs)and trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO),in mediating inflammation,oxidative stress,and cardiac damage.The gut-heart axis is increasingly recognized as a pivotal pathway linking microbiota dysregulation to chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction.AIM To systematically review existing evidence on the role of gut microbiome alterations in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and evaluate emerging microbiome-based therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating cardiovascular risk in cancer patients.METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science for studies published between January 2013 and December 2024.Studies were included if they examined chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in relation to gut microbiota composition,microbial metabolites(e.g.,SCFAs,TMAO),or microbiome-targeted interventions.Selection followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data extraction focused on microbiota alterations,mechanistic pathways,cardiac outcomes,and quality assessments using standardized risk-of-bias tools.RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria.Chemotherapy was consistently associated with gut dysbiosis characterized by reduced SCFA-producing bacteria and increased TMAO-producing strains.This imbalance contributed to gut barrier disruption,systemic inflammation,and oxidative stress,all of which promote myocardial damage.SCFA depletion weakened anti-inflammatory responses,while elevated TMAO levels exacerbated cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction.Preclinical studies showed promising cardioprotective effects from probiotics,prebiotics,dietary interventions,and fecal microbiota transplantation,though human data remain limited.CONCLUSION Gut microbiome dysregulation plays a crucial role in the development of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.Altered microbial composition and metabolite production trigger systemic inflammation and cardiac injury.Microbiome-targeted therapies represent a promising preventive and therapeutic approach in cardio-oncology,warranting further clinical validation through well-designed trials.展开更多
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of mortality,projected to increase by 73.4%from 2025 to 2050 despite declining age-standardized rates.Contemporary interventions,such as percutaneous coronary in...Cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of mortality,projected to increase by 73.4%from 2025 to 2050 despite declining age-standardized rates.Contemporary interventions,such as percutaneous coronary intervention and statins,reduce major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)by 25%-30%,yet a 20%five-year MACE risk persists in high-risk cohorts.These approaches,histor-ically focused on luminal stenosis,fail to address systemic atherogenesis drivers like endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.Specifically,dietary linoleic acid restriction(<5 g/day)reduces oxidized low-density lipoprotein by approximately 15%by limiting peroxidation-prone bisallylic bonds,mitigating arterial inflam-mation,a key atherogenic trigger.Enhanced external counterpulsation,through pulsatile shear stress,enhances nitric oxide-mediated coronary perfusion,alle-viating angina in approximately 70%of refractory cases unresponsive to revascu-larization.Nanoparticle-facilitated chelation targets atherosclerotic plaques with precision,reducing calcium content by up to 30%in preclinical models,offering a novel avenue for lesion reversal.These innovations collectively address residual risk by tackling root causes,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,and plaque instability,potentially halving MACE rates with widespread adoption.Despite promising preliminary data,gaps remain in long-term safety and scalability.Robust clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches,which collectively aim to transform cardiovascular disease management by prioritizing prevention and vascular restoration,potentially reducing coronary events to a public health rarity.展开更多
Regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic avenue for previously incurable diseases.As the risk of chronic and degenerative diseases significantly increases with age,the elderly population represents a major coh...Regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic avenue for previously incurable diseases.As the risk of chronic and degenerative diseases significantly increases with age,the elderly population represents a major cohort for stem cell-based therapies.However,the regenerative potential of stem cells significantly decreases with advanced age and deteriorating health status of the donor.Therefore,the efficacy of autologous stem cell therapy is significantly compromised in older patients.To overcome these limitations,alternative strategies have been used to restore the age-and disease-depleted function of stem cells.These methods aim to restore the therapeutic efficacy of aged stem cells for autologous use.This article explores the effect of donor age and health status on the regenerative potential of stem cells.It further highlights the limitations of stem cell-based therapy for autologous treatment in the elderly.A comprehensive insight into the potential strategies to address the“age”and“disease”compromised regenerative potential of autologous stem cells is also presented.The information provided here serves as a valuable resource for physicians and patients for optimization of stem cellbased autologous therapy for aged patients.展开更多
Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,ta...Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.展开更多
Therapy discontinuation in inflammatory bowel disease,particularly involving immunomodulators,biologics,and small molecules,remains a controversial and evolving topic.This letter reflects on developments following the...Therapy discontinuation in inflammatory bowel disease,particularly involving immunomodulators,biologics,and small molecules,remains a controversial and evolving topic.This letter reflects on developments following the publication by Meštrovićet al,emphasizing the complex balance between risks of relapse,antidrug antibody formation,and potential complications of long-term immunosuppression.Recent evidence underscores high relapse rates following withdrawal-especially of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents-and highlights the lack of robust data for newer biologics.Updated guidelines from European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization,British Society of Gastroenterology,and American College of Gastroenterology all support cautious and individualized approaches,with strict criteria and close follow-up,particularly in Crohn’s disease.For ulcerative colitis,therapeutic cycling remains insufficiently addressed.We proposed a flowchart to support clinical decision-making and stress the importance of shared decisionmaking in the era of personalized medicine since,despite new drug classes and evolving strategies,the therapeutic ceiling in inflammatory bowel disease has yet to be fully overcome.展开更多
The development of highly effective therapeutics is a priority in addressing the escalating threat that cancer poses to human health.Cyclodextrins(CDs) with exceptional biocompatibility and devisable structural hierar...The development of highly effective therapeutics is a priority in addressing the escalating threat that cancer poses to human health.Cyclodextrins(CDs) with exceptional biocompatibility and devisable structural hierarchy are emerging as versatile building blocks for engineered drug delivery systems,showing a promising prospect in cancer therapy.CDs enable precise synthesis of functionalized polymers with tailored architectures,endowing their excellent stability and large surface area to prolong drug circulation,enhance solubility,and increase targeting efficiency.Recently,CD-based nanotherapeutics has shown transformative potential in chemotherapy,phototherapy,immunotherapy,gene therapy and other codelivery systems of combination therapy.This review will introduce the types of CD-based nanotherapeutics,systematically summarize their design methods and anticancer application,and further discuss the prospects and challenges,providing a roadmap for advancing CD nanotechnology toward cancer therapeutics.展开更多
BACKGROUND The liver represents a common site of distant metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer(EC).Conventional chemotherapy(CMT)presents limited efficacy for EC,and EC patients with liver metastases typically...BACKGROUND The liver represents a common site of distant metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer(EC).Conventional chemotherapy(CMT)presents limited efficacy for EC,and EC patients with liver metastases typically experience a poor prognosis,highlighting an urgent need to explore novel treatment approaches.This study evaluated the overall efficacy and safety of CMT vs CMT combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in the treatment of EC patients with liver metastases.Furthermore,prognostic factors influencing outcomes in this patient population were identified.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for EC patients with liver metastases and to analyze prognostic factors.METHODS This retrospective study included 126 EC patients with liver metastases at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between 2014 and 2024.Patients receiving CMT were compared with those receiving CMT+ICI.Analyzed variables included clinicopathological features,treatment history,characteristics of metastasis,systemic and local treatments,overall survival(OS),and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs).Prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models.Finally,efficacy outcomes and TRAE profiles were compared between the two groups.RESULTS A significant difference in median OS was identified between the two groups(10.8 months in the CMT group vs 20.8 months in the CMT+ICI group,P=0.004).The CMT+ICI group also demonstrated a significantly longer median progression-free survival of 11.7 months(P<0.001).Patients receiving combination therapy exhibited significantly improved systemic objective response rate and disease control rate.Multivariate analysis identified key factors significantly influencing OS in EC patients with liver metastases:Karnofsky Performance Status score≥70,receipt of local therapy for liver metastases,and the number of cycles of CMT and immunotherapy received.Furthermore,the incidence of TRAEs did not significantly differ between the CMT+ICI and CMT groups.CONCLUSION For EC patients with liver metastases,the combination of CMT and ICIs demonstrates significantly superior efficacy compared with CMT alone,while maintaining manageable TRAEs.展开更多
Experimental therapies targeting immune and stromal cells,such as mast cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,dendritic cells,and tumor endothelial cells,in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors pose new and com...Experimental therapies targeting immune and stromal cells,such as mast cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,dendritic cells,and tumor endothelial cells,in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors pose new and complex surgical and medico-legal challenges.These innovative treatments require that informed consent not be limited to simple acceptance of the medical procedure,but instead reflect a true relational and cognitive process grounded in understanding,free choice,and the ability to revoke consent at any time.In particular,it is essential that the patient understands the experimental nature of the therapy,its development stage,potential benefits and risks,as well as the implications for their health and personal dignity.In the case of stromal cell-based treatments,which may exert complex immunomodulatory effects or activate angiogenic pathways that are not yet fully understood,patients must be made fully aware that they are participating in a non-standardized therapy whose outcomes,whether beneficial or harmful,cannot yet be predicted with certainty.This requires particularly careful medical communication,using simple yet scientifically accurate explanations delivered in appropriate language,along with a final verification of the patient’s actual understanding.展开更多
Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the del...Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC_(15)-L(linear),AC_(15)-B(branched),and AC_(15)-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC_(15)-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe^(2+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC_(15)-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe^(2+)-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.展开更多
Mongolian medicine posits that disruptions to the natural balance of the three roots and seven elements within the human body may lead to ocular disorders,vision impairment,and ultimately myopia.China’s children and ...Mongolian medicine posits that disruptions to the natural balance of the three roots and seven elements within the human body may lead to ocular disorders,vision impairment,and ultimately myopia.China’s children and adolescents not only exhibit high myopia rates but also face increasingly prominent issues of younger onset and severe progression,which critically impact the nation’s future and require urgent attention.Myopia prevention constitutes a systematic project.Traditional Mongolian moxibustion therapy works by applying heat stimulation to specific acupoints to warm meridians,harmonize Qi-blood circulation,regulate elemental balance,thereby enhancing immunity for disease prevention.This holistic approach features non-invasive application with minimal side effects.However,current interventions in myopia management through this method still face challenges including inconsistent operational protocols and insufficiently systematic collaborative research.This paper reviews recent advancements in early intervention using Mongolian moxibustion therapy for myopia,providing insights to optimize myopia prevention strategies.展开更多
Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) emitters show great potential in photodynamic therapy(PDT) and bioimaging,leveraging their structural adaptability,efficient reverse intersystem crossing(RISC),robust pho...Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) emitters show great potential in photodynamic therapy(PDT) and bioimaging,leveraging their structural adaptability,efficient reverse intersystem crossing(RISC),robust photosensitizing capability,and high photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs).Herein,we developed a new class of donor-acceptor-donor(D-A-D)-type TADF materials by connecting the highly twisted indolizine-benzophenone electron acceptors with a series of electron donors including phenoxazine,phenothiazine and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine.These materials exhibit enhanced TADF properties,aggregation-induced emission(AIE),alongside high reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation efficiency,effectively mitigating aggregation-caused quenching observed in traditional fluorophores.Among them,IDP-p-PXZ,incorporating the phenoxazine donor,stands out with the smallest singlet-triplet splitting energy(ΔE_(ST)) and the highest spin-orbit coupling matrix elements(SOCMEs).Upon encapsulation into 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000](DSPE-PEG2000) nanoparticles(NPs),IDP-p-PXZ demonstrates extended delayed fluorescence lifetimes in air,an exceptionally fast intersystem crossing(ISC) rate constant(k_(ISC)) of 3.4×10^(7)s^(-1),and a radiative rate constant(k_(r)) of 5.05×10^(6)s^(-1).These NPs exhibit superior biocompatibility,efficient cellular internalization,and potent ROS production,enabling effective simultaneous PDT and confocal fluorescence imaging in HeLa cells.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of electrophysiological therapy under different parameter modes in chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS).Methods:A total of 95patients with CPPS from the Department of Urolo...Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of electrophysiological therapy under different parameter modes in chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS).Methods:A total of 95patients with CPPS from the Department of Urology,First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,were selected and treated with electrophysiological therapy.They were randomly divided into three groups:the fixed-parameter AA7 treatment group,the P2+P4 treatment group,and the precision treatment group(individualized parameter treatment).Pain scores of patients in each group were compared before and after treatment,with a pain score of 0 indicating cure.The cure rate of each group was observed.Results:The average ages of the AA7 group,P2+P4 group,and precision treatment group were 34±14.17 years,35.58±12.57 years,and 35.5±11.27 years,respectively.There was no significant difference in age among the three groups(p>0.05).Before treatment,the pain scores of the AA7 group,P2+P4 group,and precision treatment group were 4.14±1.74,4.64±1.72,and 3.50±1.89,respectively,with no significant differences among the groups(p>0.05).After treatment,the pain scores were 0.71±0.99 for the AA7 group(cure rate:57%),0.49±0.79 for the P2+P4 group(cure rate:67%),and 0.50±0.77 for the precision treatment group(cure rate:64%),with no significant differences among the groups(p>0.05).The cure rates for different pain locations were as follows:83%for lower abdominal pain,74%for perineal pain,62%for dysuria,49%for testicular pain,and 75%for inguinal pain.Conclusion:The pathogenesis of CPPS is complex and diverse,with numerous treatment options and uncertain efficacy,posing significant challenges to clinical practice.This study showed that electrophysiological therapy under different parameter modes significantly reduced pain scores before and after treatment,indicating significant therapeutic effects on CPPS.All three modes demonstrated good cure rates.Individualized precision treatment and fixed-mode P2+P4 or AA7 treatment were safe and effective in CPPS treatment and are worth promoting.Fixed-mode P2+P4 and AA7,due to their easier standardization of parameters and patch modes,reduced the learning curve and had better potential for widespread application.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine has opened new pathways and provided fresh perspectives for the treatment of uremic pruritus(UP)through syndrome differentiation and treatment.This paper summarizes the clinical experience...Traditional Chinese medicine has opened new pathways and provided fresh perspectives for the treatment of uremic pruritus(UP)through syndrome differentiation and treatment.This paper summarizes the clinical experience of Professor Li Qi in treating this condition.Professor Li Qi points out that the fundamental pathogenesis of UP lies in yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney.On this basis,either external cold entering the interior or yang deficiency leading to cold congelation may result in malnutrition of the skin,thereby triggering pruritus.In clinical practice,slight sweating therapy is applied to release the exterior and expel pathogenic factors or to warm and resolve cold fluid retention,achieving satisfactory therapeutic outcomes.展开更多
Malignant pleural effusion(MPE) is a serious disease caused by malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality.Chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and antiangiogenic therapy are common treatments for MPE at present.However,...Malignant pleural effusion(MPE) is a serious disease caused by malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality.Chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and antiangiogenic therapy are common treatments for MPE at present.However,traditional chemotherapeutic drugs have many side effects and can easily lead to drug resistance in patients.The complex tumor microenvironment(TME) of MPE directly reduces the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy.Fortunately,drug delivery systems(DDSs) based on biomaterials have the ability to overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional treatments by improving drug stability,increasing the accuracy of tumor cell targeting,reducing toxic side effects,and remodeling TME,ultimately improving drug efficacy.Therefore,the purpose of this review is to provide an overview and discussion of the latest progress in biomaterial-based DDSs for the treatment of MPE.We discuss the application of biomaterials in the treatment of MPE from multiple perspectives,including chemotherapy,immunotherapy,combination therapy,and pleurodesis,where microspheres,cell membrane-derived microparticles(MPs),micelles,nanoparticles,and liposomes,are involved.The application of these biomaterials has been proven to have great potential in the treatment of MPE,providing a new idea for follow-up research.展开更多
Serbisütherapy(ST)is a distinctive external treatment modality within traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM),historically developed within a nomadic cultural framework.This study presents a comprehensive philologica...Serbisütherapy(ST)is a distinctive external treatment modality within traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM),historically developed within a nomadic cultural framework.This study presents a comprehensive philological and historical analysis of ST,tracing its evolution from early battlefield applications to contemporary clinical use.By critically examining classical Mongolian medical texts alongside modern case studies,we aim to systematize ST’s therapeutic methods,indications,and limitations,while exploring its mechanisms of action through both traditional theory and modern biomedical perspectives.ST has undergone significant transformation,shifting from whole-body cavity immersion in the 13th century to targeted,organ-specific applications in modern practice.Its four primary methods–Covering,Mounted,Organ Placement,and Suction–demonstrate efficacy in treating cold-natured diseases,musculoskeletal disorders,gynecological conditions,and certain emergencies.ST embodies the core principles of TMM,particularly the balance of the“Three Roots”and the correction of cold-induced pathologies through heat.Despite challenges related to standardization,cultural translation,and regulatory acceptance,ST holds translational potential for integrative medicine.Future research should prioritize mechanistic validation,clinical standardization,and the development of biocompatible thermal technologies to bridge traditional practice with modern healthcare systems.展开更多
A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an or...A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.展开更多
Recurrence of solid tumors after surgical resection is a major barrier to tissue regeneration.As an emerging treatment strategy,photo-thermo-electric therapy ablates tumor cells via photothermal effects and generates ...Recurrence of solid tumors after surgical resection is a major barrier to tissue regeneration.As an emerging treatment strategy,photo-thermo-electric therapy ablates tumor cells via photothermal effects and generates reactive oxygen species(ROS)via thermoelectric effects to disrupt heat shock proteins,thereby suppressing their protective function in tumor cells.However,conventional materials suffer from low thermoelectric efficiency and weak tissue penetration ability.In this study,we fabricated iodine-doped bismuth sulfide(I-Bi_(2)S_(3))nanorods with bonding heterostructures to improve thermoelectric performance.The approach employed iodine doping to introduce additional electrons,thereby regulating the band structure of Bi_(2)S_(3)and exploiting the dual low-energy vibration effect of the heterostructures to reduce thermal conductivity.More importantly,controlling the type of heterostructure modulated the bandgap width,thereby expanding the light absorption range to the higher-penetration near-infrared(NIR)-Ⅱregion for deep tissue treatment.The I-Bi_(2)S_(3)nanorods were incorporated into poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)scaffolds to confer antitumor functionality.According to the results,the bonding heterostructures enhanced the conductivity of Bi_(2)S_(3)and reduced its thermal conductivity,significantly enhancing thermoelectric efficacy.The heterostructures reduced the bandgap of Bi_(2)S_(3)from 1.23 to 0.88 eV,enabling optical absorption in the NIR-Ⅱregion.The ROS tests showed that the PLLA/I-Bi_(2)S_(3)scaffold exhibited good photothermal effects and ROS generation under 1064-nm laser irradiation.The antitumor efficacy of the PLLA/I-Bi_(2)S_(3)scaffold reached 84.6%against MG-63 cells,demonstrating its exceptional potential in cancer treatment.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The gold standard for colorectal polyp screening is currently colonoscopy,but the miss rate is still high and the adenoma detection rate and polyp detection rate are still low.The risk factors include the patient,operators,and the tools used.The use of artificial intelligence(AI)in colonoscopy has gained popularity by assisting endoscopists in the detection and characterization of polyps.AIM To evaluate the diagnostic performance of AI-assisted colonoscopy[computer assisted diagnosis(CAD)eye function]for colorectal polyp characterization.METHODS This study used a cross-sectional design conducted at the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center of Dr.Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in January-May 2024 on adult patients with suspected colorectal polyps.RESULTS A total of 60 patients with 100 polyps were involved in this study.Based on the results of the examination,it was found that the AI CAD eye function examination had a sensitivity of 79.17%,specificity of 75.00%,positive predictive value(PPV)of 89.06%,negative predictive value(NPV)of 58.33%,and accuracy of 78.00%.In polyps with diminutive size,sensitivity was 86.27%,specificity was 60.00%,PPV was 95.65%,NPV was 30.00%,and accuracy was 83.93%.Meanwhile,in polyps with non-diminutive size,sensitivity was 61.90%,specificity was 78.26%,PPV was 72.22%,NPV was 69.23%,and accuracy was 70.45%.In polyps on the left side of the colon,sensitivity was 78.85%,specificity was 81.25%,PPV was 93.18%,NPV was 54.17%,and accuracy was 79.41%.Meanwhile,in rightsided polyps the sensitivity was 80.00%,specificity was 66.67%,PPV was 80.00%,NPV was 66.67%,and accuracy was 75.00%.In sessile polyps the sensitivity was 81.54%,specificity was 50.00%,PPV was 91.38%,NPV was 29.41%,and accuracy was 77.33%.Meanwhile,in non-sessile polyps,the sensitivity was 57.14%,specificity was 88.89%,PPV was 66.67%,NPV was 84.21%,and accuracy was 80.00%.CONCLUSION AI CAD eye function examination had a high sensitivity value in diminutive,sessile polyps and right-sided polyps and a high specificity in non-diminutive,non-sessile polyps and left-sided polyps.
文摘An upconversion nanoparticle(NaErF_(4)∶Yb/Tm@NaLuF_(4)∶Yb@NaLuF_(4)∶Nd/Yb@NaLuF_(4),noted as UC)was designed,emitting strong red light by 808 nm laser.The mesoporous silica(mSiO_(2))shell co‑doped with chlorin e6(Ce6)and triethoxy(1H,1H,2H,2H‑nonafluorohexyl)silane(TFS)was coated on the outer layer of UC,and then a layer of HKUST‑1 shell was coated.The obtained nanocomposite UC@Ce6/TFS@mSiO_(2)@HKUST‑1(noted as UCTSH)was used for the synergistic treatment of chemodynamic therapy(CDT)and photodynamic therapy(PDT).Interestingly,the nanostructures can specifically re lease Cu^(2+)in the acidic tumor microenvironment.Cu^(2+)reacts with excess hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))in the tumor microenvironment to form cytotoxic hydroxyl radical.Secondly,Ce6,with the action of oxygen‑carrying TFS,selectively produces a large amount of singlet oxygen by 808 nm laser irradiation.UCTSH can enhance the anti‑tumor effects of PDT and CDT by increasing the production level of reactive oxygen species,without causing damage to normal cells.
文摘BACKGROUND Knowledge-based systems(KBS)are software applications based on a knowledge database and an inference engine.Various experimental KBS for computerassisted medical diagnosis and treatment were started to be used since 70s(VisualDx,GIDEON,DXPlain,CADUCEUS,Internist-I,Mycin etc.).AIM To present in detail the“Electronic Pediatrician(EPed)”,a medical non-machine learning artificial intelligence(nml-AI)KBS in its prototype version created by the corresponding author(with database written in Romanian)that offers a physiopathology-based differential and positive diagnosis and treatment of ill children.METHODS EPed specifically focuses on the physiopathological reasoning of pediatric clinical cases.EPed has currently reached its prototype version 2.0,being able to diagnose 302 physiopathological macro-links(briefly named“clusters”)and 269 pediatric diseases:Some examples of diagnosis and a previous testing of EPed on a group of 34 patients are also presented in this paper.RESULTS The prototype EPed can currently diagnose 269 pediatric infectious and noninfectious diseases(based on 302 clusters),including the most frequent respiratory/digestive/renal/central nervous system infections,but also many other noninfectious pediatric diseases like autoimmune,oncological,genetical diseases and even intoxications,plus some important surgical pathologies.CONCLUSION EPed is the first and only physiopathology-based nml-AI KBS focused on general pediatrics and is the first and only pediatric Romanian KBS addressed to medical professionals.Furthermore,EPed is the first and only nml-AI KBS that offers not only both a physiopathology-based differential and positive disease diagnosis,but also identifies possible physiopathological“clusters”that may explain the signs and symptoms of any child-patient and may help treating that patient physiopathologically(until a final diagnosis is found),thus encouraging and developing the physiopathological reasoning of any clinician.
文摘BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant complication in cancer therapy,limiting treatment efficacy and worsening patient outcomes.Recent studies have implicated the gut microbiome and its key metabolites,such as shortchain fatty acids(SCFAs)and trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO),in mediating inflammation,oxidative stress,and cardiac damage.The gut-heart axis is increasingly recognized as a pivotal pathway linking microbiota dysregulation to chemotherapy-related cardiac dysfunction.AIM To systematically review existing evidence on the role of gut microbiome alterations in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity and evaluate emerging microbiome-based therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating cardiovascular risk in cancer patients.METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science for studies published between January 2013 and December 2024.Studies were included if they examined chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity in relation to gut microbiota composition,microbial metabolites(e.g.,SCFAs,TMAO),or microbiome-targeted interventions.Selection followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Data extraction focused on microbiota alterations,mechanistic pathways,cardiac outcomes,and quality assessments using standardized risk-of-bias tools.RESULTS Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria.Chemotherapy was consistently associated with gut dysbiosis characterized by reduced SCFA-producing bacteria and increased TMAO-producing strains.This imbalance contributed to gut barrier disruption,systemic inflammation,and oxidative stress,all of which promote myocardial damage.SCFA depletion weakened anti-inflammatory responses,while elevated TMAO levels exacerbated cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction.Preclinical studies showed promising cardioprotective effects from probiotics,prebiotics,dietary interventions,and fecal microbiota transplantation,though human data remain limited.CONCLUSION Gut microbiome dysregulation plays a crucial role in the development of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.Altered microbial composition and metabolite production trigger systemic inflammation and cardiac injury.Microbiome-targeted therapies represent a promising preventive and therapeutic approach in cardio-oncology,warranting further clinical validation through well-designed trials.
文摘Cardiovascular disease remains the leading global cause of mortality,projected to increase by 73.4%from 2025 to 2050 despite declining age-standardized rates.Contemporary interventions,such as percutaneous coronary intervention and statins,reduce major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)by 25%-30%,yet a 20%five-year MACE risk persists in high-risk cohorts.These approaches,histor-ically focused on luminal stenosis,fail to address systemic atherogenesis drivers like endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.Specifically,dietary linoleic acid restriction(<5 g/day)reduces oxidized low-density lipoprotein by approximately 15%by limiting peroxidation-prone bisallylic bonds,mitigating arterial inflam-mation,a key atherogenic trigger.Enhanced external counterpulsation,through pulsatile shear stress,enhances nitric oxide-mediated coronary perfusion,alle-viating angina in approximately 70%of refractory cases unresponsive to revascu-larization.Nanoparticle-facilitated chelation targets atherosclerotic plaques with precision,reducing calcium content by up to 30%in preclinical models,offering a novel avenue for lesion reversal.These innovations collectively address residual risk by tackling root causes,oxidative stress,endothelial dysfunction,and plaque instability,potentially halving MACE rates with widespread adoption.Despite promising preliminary data,gaps remain in long-term safety and scalability.Robust clinical trials are needed to validate these approaches,which collectively aim to transform cardiovascular disease management by prioritizing prevention and vascular restoration,potentially reducing coronary events to a public health rarity.
文摘Regenerative medicine is a promising therapeutic avenue for previously incurable diseases.As the risk of chronic and degenerative diseases significantly increases with age,the elderly population represents a major cohort for stem cell-based therapies.However,the regenerative potential of stem cells significantly decreases with advanced age and deteriorating health status of the donor.Therefore,the efficacy of autologous stem cell therapy is significantly compromised in older patients.To overcome these limitations,alternative strategies have been used to restore the age-and disease-depleted function of stem cells.These methods aim to restore the therapeutic efficacy of aged stem cells for autologous use.This article explores the effect of donor age and health status on the regenerative potential of stem cells.It further highlights the limitations of stem cell-based therapy for autologous treatment in the elderly.A comprehensive insight into the potential strategies to address the“age”and“disease”compromised regenerative potential of autologous stem cells is also presented.The information provided here serves as a valuable resource for physicians and patients for optimization of stem cellbased autologous therapy for aged patients.
文摘Tau plays a crucial role in several neurodegenerative diseases,collectively referred to as tauopathies.Therefore,targeting potential pathological changes in tau could enable useful therapeutic interventions.However,tau is not an easy target because it dynamically interacts with microtubules and other cellular components,which presents a challenge for tau-targeted drugs.New cellular models could aid the development of mechanism-based tau-targeted therapies.
文摘Therapy discontinuation in inflammatory bowel disease,particularly involving immunomodulators,biologics,and small molecules,remains a controversial and evolving topic.This letter reflects on developments following the publication by Meštrovićet al,emphasizing the complex balance between risks of relapse,antidrug antibody formation,and potential complications of long-term immunosuppression.Recent evidence underscores high relapse rates following withdrawal-especially of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents-and highlights the lack of robust data for newer biologics.Updated guidelines from European Crohn’s and Colitis Organization,British Society of Gastroenterology,and American College of Gastroenterology all support cautious and individualized approaches,with strict criteria and close follow-up,particularly in Crohn’s disease.For ulcerative colitis,therapeutic cycling remains insufficiently addressed.We proposed a flowchart to support clinical decision-making and stress the importance of shared decisionmaking in the era of personalized medicine since,despite new drug classes and evolving strategies,the therapeutic ceiling in inflammatory bowel disease has yet to be fully overcome.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.3240117,X.S)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No.2024YFFK0345,Z.X)+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (No.CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0046,F.R)Startup Fund of Chongqing Normal University (No.23XLB036,F.R)National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program of Southwest University (No.202410635109,Y.Z)Guangdong High-level Hospital Construction Fund。
文摘The development of highly effective therapeutics is a priority in addressing the escalating threat that cancer poses to human health.Cyclodextrins(CDs) with exceptional biocompatibility and devisable structural hierarchy are emerging as versatile building blocks for engineered drug delivery systems,showing a promising prospect in cancer therapy.CDs enable precise synthesis of functionalized polymers with tailored architectures,endowing their excellent stability and large surface area to prolong drug circulation,enhance solubility,and increase targeting efficiency.Recently,CD-based nanotherapeutics has shown transformative potential in chemotherapy,phototherapy,immunotherapy,gene therapy and other codelivery systems of combination therapy.This review will introduce the types of CD-based nanotherapeutics,systematically summarize their design methods and anticancer application,and further discuss the prospects and challenges,providing a roadmap for advancing CD nanotechnology toward cancer therapeutics.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82303672Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission and Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine through the Targeted Project for Medical and Health Research,No.2025ZL017and China Primary Health Care Foundation,No.ZLMY20240311001ZJ.
文摘BACKGROUND The liver represents a common site of distant metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer(EC).Conventional chemotherapy(CMT)presents limited efficacy for EC,and EC patients with liver metastases typically experience a poor prognosis,highlighting an urgent need to explore novel treatment approaches.This study evaluated the overall efficacy and safety of CMT vs CMT combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in the treatment of EC patients with liver metastases.Furthermore,prognostic factors influencing outcomes in this patient population were identified.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for EC patients with liver metastases and to analyze prognostic factors.METHODS This retrospective study included 126 EC patients with liver metastases at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital between 2014 and 2024.Patients receiving CMT were compared with those receiving CMT+ICI.Analyzed variables included clinicopathological features,treatment history,characteristics of metastasis,systemic and local treatments,overall survival(OS),and treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs).Prognostic factors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression models.Finally,efficacy outcomes and TRAE profiles were compared between the two groups.RESULTS A significant difference in median OS was identified between the two groups(10.8 months in the CMT group vs 20.8 months in the CMT+ICI group,P=0.004).The CMT+ICI group also demonstrated a significantly longer median progression-free survival of 11.7 months(P<0.001).Patients receiving combination therapy exhibited significantly improved systemic objective response rate and disease control rate.Multivariate analysis identified key factors significantly influencing OS in EC patients with liver metastases:Karnofsky Performance Status score≥70,receipt of local therapy for liver metastases,and the number of cycles of CMT and immunotherapy received.Furthermore,the incidence of TRAEs did not significantly differ between the CMT+ICI and CMT groups.CONCLUSION For EC patients with liver metastases,the combination of CMT and ICIs demonstrates significantly superior efficacy compared with CMT alone,while maintaining manageable TRAEs.
文摘Experimental therapies targeting immune and stromal cells,such as mast cells,cancer-associated fibroblasts,dendritic cells,and tumor endothelial cells,in the treatment of gastrointestinal solid tumors pose new and complex surgical and medico-legal challenges.These innovative treatments require that informed consent not be limited to simple acceptance of the medical procedure,but instead reflect a true relational and cognitive process grounded in understanding,free choice,and the ability to revoke consent at any time.In particular,it is essential that the patient understands the experimental nature of the therapy,its development stage,potential benefits and risks,as well as the implications for their health and personal dignity.In the case of stromal cell-based treatments,which may exert complex immunomodulatory effects or activate angiogenic pathways that are not yet fully understood,patients must be made fully aware that they are participating in a non-standardized therapy whose outcomes,whether beneficial or harmful,cannot yet be predicted with certainty.This requires particularly careful medical communication,using simple yet scientifically accurate explanations delivered in appropriate language,along with a final verification of the patient’s actual understanding.
基金financially supported by the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (No.XLYC2403107)the Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No.2024JH3/10200046)the Basic Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education (No.LJ212410163015)。
文摘Despite demonstrating significant anti-tumor potential as an artemisinin derivative,artesunate faces delivery efficiency challenges due to low water solubility and insufficient targeting specificity.To improve the delivery efficiency,we engineered three artesunate(ART) derivatives,AC_(15)-L(linear),AC_(15)-B(branched),and AC_(15)-C(cyclic) with distinct aliphatic chain architectures.Unexpectedly,we observed that AC_(15)-C exhibited superior cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast cancer cells,and had the highest binding affinity for Lon protease 1(LONP1)(-72.6 kcal/mol).Subsequently,disulfide bond-containing lipid-PEG(DSPESS-PEG2K) modified chain architecture-engineered ART derivatives nanoassemblies(NAs) were developed to mitigate solubility-related limitations while enhancing targeting precision.Molecular docking and experimental validation demonstrated that ART derivatives inhibited LONP1 through hydrophobic interactions while preserved Fe^(2+)-mediated Fenton-like reaction activity.In vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrated that AC_(15)-C NAs outperformed free ART and other NAs,suppressing 4T1 tumor growth via dual action:LONP1-directed mitochondrial proteostasis collapse and reactive oxygen species(ROS) amplification through Fe^(2+)-ART interactions.This study elucidated a novel anti-tumor mechanism of ART through the rational design of derivatives with spatially configured aliphatic chains,and developed reductionresponsive NAs to provide an advanced delivery strategy.
文摘Mongolian medicine posits that disruptions to the natural balance of the three roots and seven elements within the human body may lead to ocular disorders,vision impairment,and ultimately myopia.China’s children and adolescents not only exhibit high myopia rates but also face increasingly prominent issues of younger onset and severe progression,which critically impact the nation’s future and require urgent attention.Myopia prevention constitutes a systematic project.Traditional Mongolian moxibustion therapy works by applying heat stimulation to specific acupoints to warm meridians,harmonize Qi-blood circulation,regulate elemental balance,thereby enhancing immunity for disease prevention.This holistic approach features non-invasive application with minimal side effects.However,current interventions in myopia management through this method still face challenges including inconsistent operational protocols and insufficiently systematic collaborative research.This paper reviews recent advancements in early intervention using Mongolian moxibustion therapy for myopia,providing insights to optimize myopia prevention strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.22405062)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No.2021A1515110869)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (No.ZDSYS20210623091813040)Innovation Program of Zhanjiang (No.2020LHJH005)Funds for Ph.D.researchers of Guangdong Medical University in 2025 (No.4SG25007G)。
文摘Thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) emitters show great potential in photodynamic therapy(PDT) and bioimaging,leveraging their structural adaptability,efficient reverse intersystem crossing(RISC),robust photosensitizing capability,and high photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs).Herein,we developed a new class of donor-acceptor-donor(D-A-D)-type TADF materials by connecting the highly twisted indolizine-benzophenone electron acceptors with a series of electron donors including phenoxazine,phenothiazine and 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine.These materials exhibit enhanced TADF properties,aggregation-induced emission(AIE),alongside high reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation efficiency,effectively mitigating aggregation-caused quenching observed in traditional fluorophores.Among them,IDP-p-PXZ,incorporating the phenoxazine donor,stands out with the smallest singlet-triplet splitting energy(ΔE_(ST)) and the highest spin-orbit coupling matrix elements(SOCMEs).Upon encapsulation into 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000](DSPE-PEG2000) nanoparticles(NPs),IDP-p-PXZ demonstrates extended delayed fluorescence lifetimes in air,an exceptionally fast intersystem crossing(ISC) rate constant(k_(ISC)) of 3.4×10^(7)s^(-1),and a radiative rate constant(k_(r)) of 5.05×10^(6)s^(-1).These NPs exhibit superior biocompatibility,efficient cellular internalization,and potent ROS production,enabling effective simultaneous PDT and confocal fluorescence imaging in HeLa cells.
文摘Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of electrophysiological therapy under different parameter modes in chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CPPS).Methods:A total of 95patients with CPPS from the Department of Urology,First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University,were selected and treated with electrophysiological therapy.They were randomly divided into three groups:the fixed-parameter AA7 treatment group,the P2+P4 treatment group,and the precision treatment group(individualized parameter treatment).Pain scores of patients in each group were compared before and after treatment,with a pain score of 0 indicating cure.The cure rate of each group was observed.Results:The average ages of the AA7 group,P2+P4 group,and precision treatment group were 34±14.17 years,35.58±12.57 years,and 35.5±11.27 years,respectively.There was no significant difference in age among the three groups(p>0.05).Before treatment,the pain scores of the AA7 group,P2+P4 group,and precision treatment group were 4.14±1.74,4.64±1.72,and 3.50±1.89,respectively,with no significant differences among the groups(p>0.05).After treatment,the pain scores were 0.71±0.99 for the AA7 group(cure rate:57%),0.49±0.79 for the P2+P4 group(cure rate:67%),and 0.50±0.77 for the precision treatment group(cure rate:64%),with no significant differences among the groups(p>0.05).The cure rates for different pain locations were as follows:83%for lower abdominal pain,74%for perineal pain,62%for dysuria,49%for testicular pain,and 75%for inguinal pain.Conclusion:The pathogenesis of CPPS is complex and diverse,with numerous treatment options and uncertain efficacy,posing significant challenges to clinical practice.This study showed that electrophysiological therapy under different parameter modes significantly reduced pain scores before and after treatment,indicating significant therapeutic effects on CPPS.All three modes demonstrated good cure rates.Individualized precision treatment and fixed-mode P2+P4 or AA7 treatment were safe and effective in CPPS treatment and are worth promoting.Fixed-mode P2+P4 and AA7,due to their easier standardization of parameters and patch modes,reduced the learning curve and had better potential for widespread application.
基金Supported by National Program for Inheriting the Academic Experience of Senior TCM Experts(Seventh Batch),National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine([2022]No.76)Yunnan Provincial Collaborative Research Project on Major and Difficult Diseases with Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine(Yun Cai She No.163[2024])-Chronic Renal Failure(300072)Yunnan Provincial Senior TCM Expert Li Qi Heritage Studio Project.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine has opened new pathways and provided fresh perspectives for the treatment of uremic pruritus(UP)through syndrome differentiation and treatment.This paper summarizes the clinical experience of Professor Li Qi in treating this condition.Professor Li Qi points out that the fundamental pathogenesis of UP lies in yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney.On this basis,either external cold entering the interior or yang deficiency leading to cold congelation may result in malnutrition of the skin,thereby triggering pruritus.In clinical practice,slight sweating therapy is applied to release the exterior and expel pathogenic factors or to warm and resolve cold fluid retention,achieving satisfactory therapeutic outcomes.
基金financial support from the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project (Nos.2024ZD0522800,2024ZD0522803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.U21A20417,31930067,31800797)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (No.2024NSFSC0046)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (No.2022YFS0333)the 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence,West China Hospital,Sichuan University (No.ZYGD24003)。
文摘Malignant pleural effusion(MPE) is a serious disease caused by malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality.Chemotherapy,immunotherapy,and antiangiogenic therapy are common treatments for MPE at present.However,traditional chemotherapeutic drugs have many side effects and can easily lead to drug resistance in patients.The complex tumor microenvironment(TME) of MPE directly reduces the antitumor efficacy of immunotherapy.Fortunately,drug delivery systems(DDSs) based on biomaterials have the ability to overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional treatments by improving drug stability,increasing the accuracy of tumor cell targeting,reducing toxic side effects,and remodeling TME,ultimately improving drug efficacy.Therefore,the purpose of this review is to provide an overview and discussion of the latest progress in biomaterial-based DDSs for the treatment of MPE.We discuss the application of biomaterials in the treatment of MPE from multiple perspectives,including chemotherapy,immunotherapy,combination therapy,and pleurodesis,where microspheres,cell membrane-derived microparticles(MPs),micelles,nanoparticles,and liposomes,are involved.The application of these biomaterials has been proven to have great potential in the treatment of MPE,providing a new idea for follow-up research.
基金supported by The China Ethnic Medicine Association Research Grant(No.2023MY055-81)Science and Technology Program of the Joint Fund of Scientific Research for the Public Hospitals of Inner Mongolia Academy of Medical Sciences(2023GLLHD177,2023GLLH0174)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Regional Medical Center for Specialized Care(2025).
文摘Serbisütherapy(ST)is a distinctive external treatment modality within traditional Mongolian medicine(TMM),historically developed within a nomadic cultural framework.This study presents a comprehensive philological and historical analysis of ST,tracing its evolution from early battlefield applications to contemporary clinical use.By critically examining classical Mongolian medical texts alongside modern case studies,we aim to systematize ST’s therapeutic methods,indications,and limitations,while exploring its mechanisms of action through both traditional theory and modern biomedical perspectives.ST has undergone significant transformation,shifting from whole-body cavity immersion in the 13th century to targeted,organ-specific applications in modern practice.Its four primary methods–Covering,Mounted,Organ Placement,and Suction–demonstrate efficacy in treating cold-natured diseases,musculoskeletal disorders,gynecological conditions,and certain emergencies.ST embodies the core principles of TMM,particularly the balance of the“Three Roots”and the correction of cold-induced pathologies through heat.Despite challenges related to standardization,cultural translation,and regulatory acceptance,ST holds translational potential for integrative medicine.Future research should prioritize mechanistic validation,clinical standardization,and the development of biocompatible thermal technologies to bridge traditional practice with modern healthcare systems.
文摘A recently published study(Xin et al.,Prog Biochem Biophys,2026,53(2):431-441.DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0508)addresses the therapeutic challenges of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)by innovatively developing an orally administered nanogene delivery system.Designed to achieve in situ,efficient delivery of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)genes to tumor sites,this approach offers a novel strategy for CAR-macrophage(CAR-M)based immunotherapy.Its key highlights are as follows.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4605800)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52475362,52365046,and 52465041)+3 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20224ACB204013)Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Additive Manufacturing of Implantable Medical Device(No.2024SSY11161)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Project(No.GJJ2400708)Jiangxi Province Science and Technology Program(Nos.20252BAC200317 and 20252BEJ730195)。
文摘Recurrence of solid tumors after surgical resection is a major barrier to tissue regeneration.As an emerging treatment strategy,photo-thermo-electric therapy ablates tumor cells via photothermal effects and generates reactive oxygen species(ROS)via thermoelectric effects to disrupt heat shock proteins,thereby suppressing their protective function in tumor cells.However,conventional materials suffer from low thermoelectric efficiency and weak tissue penetration ability.In this study,we fabricated iodine-doped bismuth sulfide(I-Bi_(2)S_(3))nanorods with bonding heterostructures to improve thermoelectric performance.The approach employed iodine doping to introduce additional electrons,thereby regulating the band structure of Bi_(2)S_(3)and exploiting the dual low-energy vibration effect of the heterostructures to reduce thermal conductivity.More importantly,controlling the type of heterostructure modulated the bandgap width,thereby expanding the light absorption range to the higher-penetration near-infrared(NIR)-Ⅱregion for deep tissue treatment.The I-Bi_(2)S_(3)nanorods were incorporated into poly-L-lactic acid(PLLA)scaffolds to confer antitumor functionality.According to the results,the bonding heterostructures enhanced the conductivity of Bi_(2)S_(3)and reduced its thermal conductivity,significantly enhancing thermoelectric efficacy.The heterostructures reduced the bandgap of Bi_(2)S_(3)from 1.23 to 0.88 eV,enabling optical absorption in the NIR-Ⅱregion.The ROS tests showed that the PLLA/I-Bi_(2)S_(3)scaffold exhibited good photothermal effects and ROS generation under 1064-nm laser irradiation.The antitumor efficacy of the PLLA/I-Bi_(2)S_(3)scaffold reached 84.6%against MG-63 cells,demonstrating its exceptional potential in cancer treatment.
